必修3 Unit 1 Nature in the balance-【创新教程】2027年高考英语总复习大一轮讲义（译林版）

基础 必修第三册 Unit 1 主题语境人与自然 一环境与环境保护 备 Nature in the balance 析>译>背高考复杂句式A06 FUZA JUSHL 高考原句 句式分析 汉语试译 本句是一个主从复合句。having a sys- 此外，在食用作物 1.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Moreover,hav- 的同一座建筑内建 ing a system in the same building tem in the same building为动名词短语 立一个系统，这意 where it's eaten means zero emissions 作主语，where it's eaten引导定语从句， 味着将作物从土壤 from transporting plants from soil to 修饰先行词building,means为句子 输送到沙拉的过程 salad. 谓语。 中零排放。 她从商业人士（而 2.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)She writes from 本句是一个主从复合句。She writes 非学者)的实用角 the practical angle of a business per- from the practical angle of a business 度出发，使得这本 son rather than as an academic,mak- person rather than as an academic; 指南通俗易懂、内 ing for a guide which is highly acces- making for..asAI是非谓语短语作 容丰富，读完之后， sible and informative and which,by 结果状语，其中嵌人两个which引导的 你会觉得自已几乎 the close,will make you feel almost 定语从句，都修饰先行词guide。. 和人工智能一样 as smart as AI. 聪明。 复盘>必备知识 教材盘点自主夯实 [Part 1 巧记·课标单词] 》》 No.1 单词分类记 层级背 y adj. 海外的，国外的 17. 名 居民，住户 2. n. 地区，区域；行政区 18. n. 首领 3. num. 一百万；许多，大量 adj. 主要的；首席的 prep. 在…下面，在…下方 19. adv. 完全地，全部地 5 n. 大量；团，块；一大群 20. vi. 反对，抗议 adj. 大批的，广泛的 vt. 反对，坚持声称 adj. 高大的，高耸的 21. n. 利润，收益 写作单词 n. 影响，作用 0. 获益，得到好处 vi.&vt. 有影响；冲击 22. n. 过程，进程 8. ut.&.n. 损害，伤害 vi. 加工，处理 悉其识 9. n. 气候；倾向 23. n. 政策，方针；原则 10. adi. 全球的；全面的 24. n. 部门；树枝 11. adv. 绝对地，完全地 25. n. 策略，行动计划 12. n. 奖章，勋章 26. ut. 回收利用 13. 之 鹿 27. adi. 昔日的，从前的 14. 跟踪，追踪 28 adj. 更多的 足迹，踪迹 adv. 较远 15 n. 生活环境 ut. 促进，增进 16. adv. 无处，哪里都不 29. n. 长度 ·83· 高考总复习 英语(YL) vt.&n.伤害；损害→ adj.有害的 adj.无害的 2. o.（根据情况)变化；改变→ n.变化；多样化；品种→ adj.不同的；各 种各样的 3. adj.有生命的→ 0.生活→ adj.活着的 v1.幸免；幸存；生还→ n.幸存；生还→ n.幸存者 5. n.养分，营养物 adj.有营养的 拓 6. vi.不见；消失→ n.不见；消失→ wi.出现（反义词） 7. adj.农业（劳动/生产）→ n.农业；农艺 6 adj.已灭绝的> n.灭绝 词 9. oi.&vt.运用；涉及；申请→ n.申请人；求职人→ n.应用；用途；申请 通 10. vt.组织→ n.组织；机构；团体 11. n.形象，图像→ .想象→ n.想象 用 12. n.保护；防卫→ o.防护；防卫 13. n.经济→ n.经济的 14. n.&adj.官员，官方的→ n.办公室 15. n.贫穷→ adj.贫穷的 16. n.毒药；毒害t.毒害；使中毒→ adj.有毒的 17. adj.与化学有关的；化学的→ n.化学→ n.药房；药店；化学家 18. n.结果；后果> adj.作为结果的；由…而起的→ adu.因此；所以；结果 1.biodiversity n. 7.drought n. 读单 2.wildlife n. 8.brochure n. 3.insect n. 9.dolphin n. 4.microorganism n. 10.committee n. 其 5.oxygen n. 11.smog n. 6.greenhouse n. 12.subway n. 》>》 No.2 同根联想记一一线串 1.植物 2.动物 ①root n. 根；根茎 ①insect n. 昆虫 ②bamboo n. 竹子 ②beast n. 野兽；牲畜 ③butterfly n. 蝴蝶 ③branch n. 树枝；分枝 ④tortoise n, 乌龟 ④bush n. 灌木丛 ⑤giraffe n. 长颈鹿 ⑤hardwood n. 阔叶树，硬材 ⑥goose(复geese)n. 鹅 ⑥maple n, 枫树 ⑦kangaroo n. 袋鼠 松树 ⑧squirrel n. 松鼠 ⑦pine n. ⑨creature n, 生物；动物 ⑧botanical adj. 植物学的 ⑩leopard n. 豹 Part 2 妙记·核心短语] 短语分类记一层级背 相应地，转而 6.come up with 2. 使分解，使变化 7.spring to mind 3. 给…带来起色 8.get rid of 由于，因为 9.give rise to 逐渐增加，扩大 10.in danger of ·84· 基础必备必修第三册 >No.2 同根联想记—一线串 in十名语的相关短语 ①inal总计 ②in advance事先，提前 ⑦in return作为报答；回报 ⑧in turn轮流 ③in common共有，相同 ④in detail详细地 ⑨in surprise吃惊地 ⑩in time及时；迟早 ⑤in general通常，大体上 ①in order整齐；按顺序 ⑥in need在危难中 [Part3速记·经典句式] 典型句式 教材原句 ..these water lilies are (大到可以躺在 1.主语+be十adj.+enough to do 上面). (狩猎和捕鱼)have directly influ 2.动名词作主语 enced the world's animal populations. 3.it作形式主语 (是我们的职责)to protect the en- vironment while we aim economic development. I felt worried (当看记录 4.状语从句的省略 片时). 5.wish后接宾语从句 I wish (我们也能做点什 么)to help. 聚焦层级突破 聚焦核心要点落实 Prt.1单词悟讲记 [考点归纳]—知识生成 (1)be harmful to sb./sth.对某人/某物有害 [核心单词] (2)do/cause harm to sb. 1.harm n.&vt.伤害，损害 对某人有害 do/cause sb.harm [教材对接] (3)There is no harm in doing sth. The human race has done much harm. 做某事没有坏处 It does no harm to do sth. 人类已经造成了很多伤害。 [链接写作]一一句多译 [语境练悟]一单句语法填空 众所周知，吃太多垃圾食品对你的健康有害。 ①(2023·全国乙卷)They also remove some (harm)chemicals from paints or cooking. 5What is known to us is that eating too much 2Walking in the air full of haze does harm junk food (harmful) 6It is known to us that eating too much junk food us. 3Rubbish can be changed into (harm) (harm n. things. 2.variety n.不同种类；变化，多样性；变种，变体 ④(2022·北京卷)As Helen walked on,she heard [教材对接] a man charging towards her.Fearful that he might The forest's different levels support an unbelieva- have an intention (harm)her,Helen ble variety of wildlife. 森林的不同层次使种类多到令人难以置信的野生 started to run. 动植物得以生存。 ·85· 高考总复习英语(YL) [语境练悟]一单句语法填空 3The little girl was the only who ①(202l·新高考I卷)When the explorers first the strong earthquake.She told the reporter set foot upon the continent of North America,the that she had to a little food during the days skies and lands were alive with an astonishing vari- when she was buried.I thought her was a real ety wildlife. wonder.(survive) ②(2024·北京卷)The similarity of moral virtues [考点归纳]—知识生成 across cultures is striking,even though the rela- (1)survive from从…幸存 tive ranking of the virtues may (variety) survive on依靠…生存下来 with a social group's history and environment. A survive B(by..)A比B活得长(…) ③(2024·新课标I卷)The reasons relate to (2)survivor n.幸存者 a (various)of factors,including reduced survival n.[U]幸存；[C]残存物 concentration,an entertainment mindset ( [链接写作]一句式升级 and a tendency to multitask while consuming digit- 4After they survived that night,they were confi- al content. dent that everything else would be all right. [考点归纳]一知识生成 they were confident a variety of.多种多样的 。 that everything else would be all right.(现在分词 various adj.多种多样的 作状语) vary vi.变化 4.application n.申请书；申请；应用，运用 vary from...to... 从…到…不等； [教材对接] 在…到…之间变动 Some call for the application of modern technolo- [名师点津]a variety of(varieties of)既可修饰 gy,and others a change of lifestyle. 可数名词，也可修饰不可数名词，该短语修饰可数 有些人要求应用现代技术，另一些人则要求改变生 名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数，修饰不可数名词 活方式。 作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 [语境练悟]一单句语法填空 [链接写作门—完成句子 ①(2024·新课标I卷)With the rise of technology ② have been publisked. it is easy for people to make observations of differ- 各种各样的书被出版了。 ent species with the aid of a mobile (ap- 5Libraries will often hold reading-group sessions ply). targeted at ②(2023·全国乙卷)There has been a rise in the 图书馆经常举行针对不同年龄组的阅读小组会议。 number of students applying food cour- 3.survive vi.幸免；幸存；生还vt.在…之后仍然 ses at UK universities and colleges. 生存 ③There are150 (apply)competing for [教材对接] the same position. While a significant number of jaguars survive here, [考点归纳]一知识生成 they are only one element of this forest's food (I)apply u.申请；应用；涂抹 chain. apply(tosb.)for sth.(向某人)申请某物 尽管相当多的美洲虎在这里生存，但它们只是这个 apply sth.to sth.把某物应用/涂抹于… 雨林食物链的一个要素。 apply to sth./sb.对某事/某人适用 [语境练悟]一单句语法填空 apply oneself to(doing)sth.专心于（做）某事 ①(2023·北京卷)That project,which I could (2)applicant n.申请人 complete from my sofa instead of in the burning (3)applied adj.实用的；应用的 heat of the desert,not only (survive) [链接写作]一完成句子 the lockdown but worked where traditional meth- 4I'm Li Hua,a student from Class 2,Grade 3.I'm ods didn't. writing to apply 2Many of the peasants managed to survive 我是李华，三年级二班的一名学生，我写信申请学 tiny plots of corn and beans. 生志愿者的职位。 ·86· 基础必备 必修第三册 5.defence n.防御；保卫 [教材对接] Pat.2短语巧突破 -》 In defence of the factories,however,I'd like to 1.in turn相应地；转而；依次；轮流 point out that we also try to control the amount of [教材对接] pollution we produce. These frogs,in turn,feed on insects which eat 不过，为工厂说句公道话，我想指出的是我们也在 leaves and fruit. 努力控制所产生的污染量。 相应地，这些青蛙以昆虫为食，而昆虫则吃树叶和 [语境练悟]一单句语法填空 水果。 ①(2023·北京卷)Regarding Alan Smith's [语境练悟]一单句语法填空 DNow that we have finished the design,it is (defend)of ALife,the author is sup- their turn to construct. portive. 2At the meeting they took turns to 2We must always be ready defend) (put)forward a number of suggestions aiming to our country from/against aggression. promote the reform of education system. 3What points can be raised defence of 3The two daughters looked after their sick moth- this argument? er turns. [考点归纳]一知识生成 ④(2023·新课标卷)I post my work on social (I)in defence of为了保卫；为…辩护 media and, turn,have met some of the (2)defend vt.保护；保卫；辩护 kindest people. defend..from/against保护…以免受/防御 [考点归纳]一知识生成 defend oneself为自己辩护；自卫 in one's turn轮到某人；接着 [链接写作]一完成句子 by turns轮流；交替地 ④The wall was built to take turns to do sth.轮流做某事 by the sea. It is one's turn to do sth.轮到某人做某事 建这个围墙是为了保护这条路不被海水冲垮。 It turns/turned out that.:结果 [间考单词] [温馨提示]by turns是“交替地；轮流”的意思， 1.living adj.活着的；活的；有使用的 多指两个人或两个行为之间的交替进行；如果表示 [语境练悟]一选词填空：living/alive ive Aively “按顺序”则应该用in turn。 ①He was buried in the earthquake. [链接写作]—完成句子 ②(2023·新课标卷)Do you want to 8 ⑤人们使用自己的小汽车避免公共交通延误，反过 full and happy life? 来，这造成更多的问题。 ③The are more important to us than the People try to avoid public transportation delays by dead. using their own cars, 4The lessons given by Miss Li are always 2.break down消除；分解；打破 and interesting. [教材对接] 2.damage vt..损害，毁坏，破坏n.损坏，破坏 [语境练悟]一单句语法填空/补全句子 When a jaguar dies,a tiny army of microorganisms helps break down its body and return the nutrients DThe heavy snow caused great damage the to the earth. crop farming. 当一只美洲虎死了的时候，一小群微生物就会帮忙 ②Drinking and smoking 分解它的尸体并将营养物返还给地球。 喝酒和抽烟会损害你的健康。 [语境练悟]一用break的相关短语填空 3.process n.过程；程序；步骤vt.加工；处理 DThe whole telephone system because [语境练悟]一单句语法填空/补全句子 of the sudden big earthquake. DThe firm is now in the process moving ②The girl her mother and the main equipment to a new place.Changes are in ran away. process. 3It was reported that an earthquake in ② we mastered the skills of Japan. doing the work. ④The robbers the bank to take 随着时间的推移，我们掌握了做这项工作的技巧。 away money,but failed. ·87· 高考总复习英语(YL) [考点归纳]一知识生成 ②It's no use worry)about it.You break in强行进入，打断 break out爆发 can't do anything to change it. break through突破；冲破break up破碎；解散；分手 3Knowing how to think clearly and to speak cor- break off断开；中断；停顿 rectly (give)one confidence. break away from逃脱；脱离 [考点归纳]一知识生成 break into强行闯入；突然开始 ()动名词（短语）作主语，二般表示经常性、习惯 break down出故障；垮掉 性动作。单个动名词作主语，谓语动词用第三人 [链接写作]—完成句子 称单数形式，若多个动名词（短语）并列作主语，谓 5History has the potential by offering us insight into entire 语动词用复数形式。 worlds that would otherwise be foreign to us. (2)动名词（短语）作主语时，有时会用t作形式 历史有可能通过向我们提供对整个世界的洞察力 主语，把真正的主语（动名词）放在后面，以避免出 来打破这些界限，否则我们就会感到陌生。 现头重脚轻的情况。 3.due to由于…；因为… [链接写作]一完成句子 [教材对接] ④ will help to reduce Over the past 50 years,about 17 percent of the the stress. rainforest has disappeared due to human activities 知道什么造成了你们的忧虑，将有助于减轻压力。 such as agriculture and cattle farming. 在过去的50年里，由于农耕和养牛等人类活动，约 2.状语从句的省略 17%的雨林已经消失了。 ●[教材对接] [语境练悟]一补全句子 I felt worried when watching the documentary. ①The electricity bill today. 我看纪录片时感到担忧。 今天该交电费了。 [语境练悟]一单句语法填空 ②A great deal of money ①While (work),I realised how hard it 应该付给你一大笔钱。 was to work in the fields under a hot sun. 3The sports meeting has been cancelled ②(2023·北京卷)When (see)from afar,the mangrove forests appear more splendid. 由于糟糕的天气，运动会被取消了。 3Lucy raised his right hand as if (say) [考点明纳]一知识生成 something. be due to do sth.预期做某事；预定要做某事 [考点明纳]一 知识生成 be due to (doing)sth./sb. 归因于（做）某事/某人；欠某人… 状语从句的省略 be due(for)sth.应有；应得到 when,while,before,after,unless, [链接写作]一完成句子 asif等引导的状语从句中的主语 ④(2023·全国乙卷)I have missed plenty of beau- 使用条件 与主句主语一致或状语从句中的 tiful sunsets/sunrises only five 主语为it;状语从句谓语中含be minutes before the best moment. 动词 由于在现场只有5分钟的最佳时刻，因此我错过了 使用方式 省略从句中的主语和be动词 许多美丽的日落和日出。 [链接写作]一完成句子 Pat.3句式精剖析 》 4Then you can do exercises more specific to your 1.动名词作主语 sport or activity, [教材对接] 如果有必要的话，那么你可以把更加具体的锻炼加 Hunting and fishing have directly influenced the 到体育或运动中去。 world's animal populations. 狩猎和捕鱼直接影响世界上的动物种群的数量。 ⑤ Li Shizhen suf- [语境练悟]一单句语法填空 fered a lot from tasting some unknown plants on ①(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷) (walk)at night- his own. time is a great way to step out of your comfort 当李时珍写这本书时，他遭受了许多痛苦亲自尝一 zone. 些不知名的植物。 ·88· 基础必备必修第三册 进阶>多维检测 夯基固本多维运用 [全练透] Ⅲ.选词填空 I.单词拼写 in turn,break down,breathe life into,due to, 1.She likes walking on the beach,because she en- build up,come up with,spring to mind,give rise joys feeling the warm sand (在…下 to 面)her feet. 2.Wherever the Beatles went, (大量)of 1.It is the readers who a news- fans would welcome them at the airport. paper with their letter. 3.Many vegetables are rich in vitamin,fiber and 2.The more confidence you in your- other (营养物). self,the greater are your chances of success. 4.The new machines will work faster, 3.Getting young people together will help to (因此)reducing our costs. the barriers between them. 5.The number of people employed in (农 4.If we human beings go against nature,it will )has fallen in the last decade. punish us. 6.Changes in the (气候)are due to pol- 5.She is make a speech on the econ- lution of the atmosphere. omy next week. 7.Burning coal causes serious air pollution and in- (全球的)warming. 6.One case can 20 or 30 cases in creases 8.It's important for us to (回收利用) two weeks. those recyclable materials. 7.They happened to the same 9.This is a new invention that will have a wide solution. range of (应用)in industry.. 8.If any other questions don't 10.He's the president of a large international hesitate to contact me. (组织). V.完成句子 Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1.政府经济政策的衰退已经开始显现。 1.Human life is regarded as part of nature and, The cracks in the government's the only way for us (sur- are already beginning to show. vive)is to live in harmony with nature. 2.她刚才所说的话引起了他此刻的愤怒。 2.My elder sister's hair is twice the What she said just now (long)of mine. 3.Trees were planted (shelter)this area at the moment. from strong sandstorms. 3.最初的几年里，公司没有获利。 4.Eating too much and lack of exercise will do During the first few years,the company did not harm our health. 5.There are many species in danger of 4.许多环保主义者抗议重工业。 (extinct). Many environmentalists 6.The islands have seen the (disap- heavy industry. pear)of the Hawaiian kingdom,the decimation 5.我们应该努力回收所有的废纸。 (大量毁灭)of its people and language.. We should try to 7.The speech hall in our school is big enough 6.士兵们为保卫他们的国家英勇作战。 (hold)2,000 people. The soldiers fought bravely 8.He is (live)proof that not all engi- neers are boring. 9.The bank has many (branch)all 7.这种药含有一种使他心脏衰竭的有害化学物质。 over the world. The medicine contains that 10.Nowadays many businessmen pay too much at- caused his heart to fail. tention to the (economy)bene- 8.尽管很累，但他们还是继续走。 fits rather than the ecological benefits. they went on walking. ·89… 高考总复习英语(YL) [重落实] Ⅲ.读后续写微技能(9)一“有关季节描写的表达” 工.单元巩固练 ●[多样表达] 短文中黑体部分为本单元核心知识点，请按要求补 春天 全短文，并背诵体会黑体部分用法。 1.已是春天但仍有寒意。 The Amazon rainforest,1. is the lar- It's spring but there's still a chill in the air. gest rainforest in the world,plays a significant role 2.怡人的奶油色和粉色的花朵像蛋糕一样结在 in maintaining the fine balance of the Earth's eco- 树上。 system.The Amazon rainforest crosses into eight countries,2. (include)Brazil and Peru The blossom arrives like cake frosting on the and one overseas region.The Amazon River is trees in delicious cream and pink. about 6,400 kilometres in 3. (long).Of 夏天 the 390,000 plant species 4. (know)to 3.有时天气炎热得几乎令人难以忍受。 man,more than 40,000 can be found in the Ama- At times,the heat was barely tolerable. zon.The forest's different levels support 5. 4.天气炎热，连一丝风都没有。 unbelievable variety of wildlife.Each level of the The weather was hot,without a breath of wind. forest forms its own little world,home to different 秋天 kinds of 6. (live)things.More than 5.秋天是一个非常美丽的季节，金黄的落叶铺满 1,300 species of birds and over 400 species of 大地。 mammals hide among the jungle's plant life.This jaguar is one example.The Amazon rainforest Autumn is a very beautiful season with a carpet breathes life into the planet by fixing carbon and of golden fallen leaves. 7. (produce)over 20 percent of all the 冬天 Earth's oxygen.Thus,8. is often known 6.现在天黑了，雪还在下，一片片的雪花无声地 as the“lungs of the planet”.However,over the 飘落 past 50 years,17 percent of the rainforest 9. It's dark now and the snow is still falling, (disappear)due to human activi- clumps of snowflakes drifting windlessly down. ties.As a result,we have to think about the question 7.风呼啸着，积雪纷飞，雪白的粉末蒙蔽了黑夜。 whether we can afford 10. (damage)the The wind howled,piling up drifting snow,blinding “lungs of the planet'”. the night with ice-white dust. Ⅱ.话题微写作（投稿） ●[佳句观摩] 假定你是李华，你校将以“保护野生动物”为主 题，举办英语征文比赛。请你写一篇短文投稿，内 1.早先光秃秀的树枝已向灿烂的春光伸出它们长 容包括： 满绿芽的枝干。 1.野生动物的现状； The previously bare branches offered their wands of 2.保护野生动物的重要性； tight green buds to the brilliant rays of spring. 3.保护野生动物的措施。 2.晴空万里，太阳像烙铁一样灼烧着我的背。 注意：1.词数80左右； Blue skies stand tall and far,and the sun is like a 2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； branding iron searing my back. 3.尽量使用本单元知识点。 3.叶子在中秋凉爽的空气中飘落，告别甜美的夏 天，召唤着秋天。 Leaves fluttered down in the cool midautumn air,biding farewell to sweet summer and becko- ning the autumn. 4天气极其恶劣，冷得刺骨，天色阴郁，能见度 极低。 The weather was at its worst,bitterly cold,with leaden skies that gave minimum visibility. 90· 基础必备必修第三册 ●[好句仿写] all the living things seem to have worn out their en- 1.然后春天来了。像白色毯子一样的雪融化了。 ergy. 孩子们出去采野花，像鹿一样到处乱跑。 3.在几乎光秃秃的树下是一层厚厚的落叶，背景里 Then spring came. 的绿色草地是对逝去的夏天的回忆。 Children were out for wild flowers,and raced A carpet of fallen leaves lay beneath nearly bare around like deer. trees, 2.在仲夏的烈日下，一切有生命的东西似乎都已用 4.天开始下雪了，寒风呼啸，好像在寻找什么人。 尽了它们的能量。 It began to snow; as though it were seeking someone. 培优>提能加餐 高考对接素养培优 [培优1] 单元知识链高考 一、熟词生义 3.(2024·北京卷)They come down squarely on 1.Hence this book,Chasing the Sea:Lost Among one side or the other and fully support their po- the Ghosts of Empire in Central Asia,which sition. talks about a road trip from Tashkent to Kara- 二、一词多义一根据语境选出crash的含义 kalpakstan,where millions of lives have been de- A碰撞，坠落，坠毁B暴跌C.崩溃D破产 stroyed by the slow drying up of the sea. 1.Share prices crashed to an all-time low yester- day. 2.Files can be lost if the system suddenly crashes. 2.My heart froze in my chest as I saw the tractor heading towards the motorway. 3.The impact of crash hurtled the driver against the windshield of the car. [培优2]高考语篇培素养 Topic:数字生物多样性记录存在偏见 ◆真题文本 ◆真题再做 (2024·新课标I卷)In the race to document the species on Earth before they go extinct,researchers and citizen scientists have 1.What do we know about the re- collected billions of records.Today,most records of biodiversity are cords of species collected now? often in the form of photos,videos,and other digital records. A.They are becoming outdat- Though they are useful for detecting shifts in the number and variety ed. of species in an area,a new Stanford study has found that this type of B.They are mostly in electron- record is not perfect. "With the rise of technology it is easy for people to make obser- ic form. vations of different species with the aid of a mobile application," C.They are limited in number. said Barnabas Daru,who is lead author of the study and assistant D.They are used for public ex- professor of biology in the Stanford School of Humanities and Sci- hibition. ences."These observations now outnumber the primary data that 2.What does Daru's study focus on? comes from physical specimens(标本)，and since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to A.Threatened species. global change,I wanted to know:Are they usable?" B.Physical specimens. Using a global dataset of 1.9 billion records of plants,insects, C.Observational data. birds,and animals,Daru and his team tested how well these data D.Mobile applications. represent actual global biodiversity patterns. ·91· 高考总复习英语(YL) 续表 "We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of 3.What has led to the biases ac- cording to the study? sampling that tend to bias(使有偏差)data,like the greater likeli- hood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant in- A.Mistakes in data analysis. stead of the grass right next to it,said Daru. B.Poor quality of uploaded pictures. Their study revealed that the large number of observation-only records did not lead to better global coverage.Moreover,these data C.Improper way of sampling. D.Unreliable data collection are biased and favor certain regions,time periods,and species.This devices. makes sense because the people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists recording their en- 4.What is Daru's suggestion for counters with species in areas nearby.These data are also biased to- biodiversity apps? A.Review data from certain ward certain species with attractive or eye-catching features. areas. What can we do with the imperfect datasets of biodiversity? “Quite a lot,”Daru explained.“Biodiversity apps can use our B.Hire experts to check the records, study results to inform users of oversampled areas and lead them to C.Confirm the identity of the places-and even species-that are not well-sampled.To improve users. the quality of observational data,biodiversity apps can also encour- age users to have an expert confirm the identification of their up- D.Give guidance to citizen sci- entists. loaded image.” ◆素材积累 2.aspect (一)由文本积累主题词块 A.方面B.面貌 C.方位D.方向 1.collect billions of records 2.in the form of DThe country's industry is assuming a new as- 3.with the rise of technology pect. 4.with the aid of 2The book aims to cover all aspects of city life. 5.take a picture of 6.lead to better global coverage 3The future research aspect about the system is 7.improve the quality of observational data given. ◆长句缩写 (二)由文本积累阅读词汇 In the race to document the species on Earth be- 1.document n. fore they go extinct,researchers and citizen sci- 2.biodiversity n. 3.biology n. entists have collected billions of records. 4.observational adj. [句子剖析]请将句中的“枝叶”（名词短语、介 5.dataset n. 词短语、非谓语动词短语、形容词、副词、连词、从 6.likelihood n. 句)去掉，留下“主干”（主谓宾或主系表）。 (三)由文本辨熟词生义（将词义对应的字母填在横 [In the race to document the species (on Earth) 线上) (before they go extinct)],researchers and (citi- 1.shift A改变B.自己谋生C转换D变速 zen)scientists have collected (billions of)re- DWe need to shift the focus of this debate. cords [句子缩写] 2When their father died last year,the children (不超过10个单词) had to shift for themselves. C温馨提店 3Public attitudes towards marriage have shifted 学习至此，请完成配套训练 课时冲关9 over the past 50 years. ·92·高考总复习英语(YL) 素材积累 (一)1.和…分享/共享…2.搜索，搜寻，查找3.几 十个，许多4.（使）被传达，使被理解5.被用来做某事 6.指出，指明7.种种，各种各样的8.在…尽头， 在……最后 (二)1.戏迷，爱看戏的人2.剧本评读人3.意图；打算； 计划4.喜剧；喜剧片5.讽刺；讥讽，讽刺作品6.悲惨 的；辛酸的7.戏剧，戏剧艺术；剧本8.观众席的灯光 (三)①C②A③D 长句缩写 I have searched through plays. 必修第三册Unit1 复盘必备知识 巧记·课标单词 单词分类记 写作单词 1.overseas 2.region 3.million 4.beneath 5.mass 6.towering 7.impact 8.damage 9.climate 10.glob- alll.absolutely 12.medal 13.deer 14.track 15,habi- tat 16.nowhere 17.resident 18.chief 19.entirely 20.protest 21.profit 22.process 23.policy 24.branch 25.strategy 26.recycle 27.former 28.further 29.length 拓展单词 1.harm harmful harmless 2.vary variety various 3.living live alive 4.survive survival survivor 5.nutrient nutritious 6.disappear disappearance ap- pear 7.agricultural agriculture 8.extinct extinction 9.apply applicant application 10.organize organiza- tion 11.image imagine imagination 12.defence de- fend 13.economy economic 14.official office 15.poverty poor 16.poison poisonous 17.chemical chemistry chemist 18.consequence consequent con- sequently 阅读单词 1.生物多样性2.野生动植物3.昆虫4.微生物 5.氧，氧气6.温室，暖房7.旱灾，久旱8.小册子 9.海豚10.委员会11.烟雾12.地铁；地下人行道 妙记·核心短语 短语分类记 1.in turn 2.break down 3.breathe life into 4.due to 5.build up6.想出，想到7.突然记起8.摆脱，丢弃 9.使发生10.处于……危险中 速记·经典句式 1.big enough to lie down on 2.Hunting and fishing 3.It's our duty 4.when watching the documentary 5.we could also do something 聚集层级突破单词悟讲记 核心单词 l.①harmful②to③harmless④to harm ⑤is harm ful to your health 6does harm to your health 2.①of②vary③variety ④A variety of books ⑤various age groups 3.①survived②on③survivor had survived survive on survival 4Having survived that night 4.①application②for③applicants④for the position as a student volunteer 5.①defence②to defend③in④defend the road from being washed away 间考单词 l.①alive②live③living④lively 2.①to②damage your health 3.①of②In the process of time 短语巧突破 1.①in ②put③by④in⑤which in turn creates more problems 2.①broke down②broke away from③broke out had planned to break into 5to break down those boundaries 3.①is due to be paid②is due to you③due to the bad weather 4due to being on the spot ·31 句式精剖析 1.①Walking②worrying③gives④Knowing what causes your worry 2.①working②seen③to say④if necessary⑤While writing the book 进阶多维检测 全练透 I.1.beneath 2.masses 3.nutrients 4.thus 5.agri- culture 6.climate 7.global 8.recycle 9.applications 10.organization II.1.to survive 2.length 3.to shelter 4.to 5.extinc- tion 6.disappearance 7.to hold 8.living 9.branches 10.economic IlI.1.breathe life into 2.build up 3.break down 4.in turn 5.due to 6.give rise to 7.come up with 8.spring to mind I.1.economic policy 2.gives rise to his anger 3.make a profit 4.protest against 5.recycle all our/the waste pa- per 6.in defence of their country 7.a harmful chemical 8.Though tired 重落实 I.1.which 2.including 3.length 4.known 5.an 6.living 7.producing 8.it 9.has disappeared 10.to damage Ⅱ.[参考范文] As is known to us,some wild animals are in serious trouble nowadays,whose habitats are being destroyed.To make it worse,the population of some animals has crashed sharply due to many factors,like climate change,disasters as well as human activities. However,it's of significance for us to protect wild an- imals because they are not only essential part of the living environment where humans live,but also important natural resources. Therefore,it's high time that immediate action should be taken to work out the issue.On the one hand,our gov- ernment should make laws and regulations to protect them. On the other hand,nature reserves should be set up to make sure they have a safe habitat.The last but not least, the public awareness of protecting the wild animals should be further improved. IlI.1.The white blanket melted away 2.Under the burn- ing sun of midsummer 3.with green grass in the back- ground serving as a memory of the passing summer 4.a cold wind blew and roared 培优提能加餐 培优1 一、1.L.杀死2.i.(因害怕等)吓呆了3.n.立场 二、1.B2.C3.A 培优2真题再做 [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了斯坦 福大学的一项研究发现，数字生物多样性记录存在偏见， 建议应用程序引导公民科学家获取更好的数据。 l.B细节理解题。根据第一段“Today,most records of biodiversity are often in the form of photos,videos,and other digital records.(今天，大多数生物多样性的记录通 常以照片、视频和其他数字记录的形式出现。)”可知，现 在收集的物种记录大多是以电子形式存在的。] 2.C[细节理解题。根据第二段“These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens(标本)，and since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are respon- ding to global change,I wanted to know:Are they usa- ble?(这些观察结果现在超过了来自实体标本的原始数 据，而且由于我们越来越多地使用观察数据来研究物种 如何应对全球变化，我想知道：它们有用吗？)”和第四段 "We were particularly interested in exploring the as- pects of sampling that tend to bias(使有偏差)data,like 0 ● the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a pic- ture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to it,’said Daru.(Daru说‘我们特别感兴趣的是探索取样 容易产生数据偏差的方面，比如公民科学家更有可能拍 摄开花植物的照片，而不是它旁边的草’。)”可知，Daru 的研究聚焦于观察数据，即人们通过移动应用记录的物 种观察数据。] 3.C[细节理解题。根据第四段“‘We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias(使有偏差)data,like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant in- stead of the grass right next to it,'said Daru.(Daru ‘我们特别感兴趣的是探索取样容易产生数据偏差的方 面，比如公民科学家更有可能拍摄开花植物的照片，而 不是它旁边的草’。)”以及第五段“This makes sense be- cause the people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists recording their encounters with species in areas nearby,(这是有道 理的，因为在移动设备上获得观察生物多样性数据的人 通常是公民科学家，他们记录了他们在附近地区与物种 的接触。)”可知，导致数据偏差的原因是采样方式的 不当。门 4.D[推理判断题。根据最后一段“Biodiversity apps can use our study results to inform users of oversampled are- as and lead them to places-and even species-that are not well-sampled.To improve the quality of observational data,biodiversity apps can also encourage users to have an expert confirm the identification of their uploaded im- age.(生物多样性应用程序可以使用我们的研究结果来 告知用户哪些区域被过度采样，并将他们引导到未充分 采样的地方，甚至是寻找未充分采样的物种。为了提高 观测数据的质量，生物多样性应用程序还可以鼓励用户 让专家确认他们上传的图像的身份。)”可知，Daru建议 生物多样性应用应该给公民科学家提供指导。] 素材积累 (一)1.收集了数十亿份记录2.以…形式3.随着科 技的兴起4.借助于，通过…的帮助5.拍一张…照 片6.导致更好的全球覆盖范围7.提高观测数据的 质量 (二)1.文件；（计算机）文档2.生物多样性3.生物学 4.观察的5.资料6.可能性 (三)1.①C②B③A2.①B②A③D 长句缩写 Researchers and scientists have collected records. Unit 2 复盘必备知识巧记·课标单词 单词分类记 写作单词 1.disaster 2.crash 3.signal 4.exit 5.orderly 6.hug 7.procedure 8.conference 9.supply 10.staff 11.flood 12.downstairs 13.document 14.otherwise 15.unearth 16.destination 17.unbearable 18.beyond 19.pattern 20.rescue 21.sharp 22.retire 23.import 24.locate 拓展单词 1.injure injury injured 2.react reaction 3.confirm confirmation 4.occur occurrence 5.relief relieve 6.destroy destructive 7.inform information 8.shock shocking shocked 9.scared scare 10.vary various 11.power powerful powerless 12.curious curiosity curiously 13.donate donation donator 14.erupt eruption 15.distant distance 阅读单词 1.郡，县2.楼梯，梯级3.名单；卷翻滚4.奇怪的， 怪异的5.台风6.柱，杆，极7.飓风8.慈善机构 9.幻灯片；滑行10.树干11.柱，圆柱；栏 ·37 参考答案 妙记·核心短语 短语分类记 1.at large 2.safe and sound 3.occur to 4.keep one's head5.run out of6.如果，万一7.一…就8.尤其 是9.爆发10.到处，各处 速记·经典句式 1.just before the huge waves crashed into the coast 2.only to hear that a hurricane was on its way 3.but stay inside 4.must have caused 5.as if painted yesterday 聚集层级突破单词悟讲记 核心单词 l.①injuries②injured③to 4would have been injured ⑤harm⑥injured⑦hurt⑧wounded⑨hurts 2.①signaling②that③to④which signaled that school was over 5signaling that school was over 3.①to②that③occurrence ④that I had met him somewhere 4.①relief②a③with④These stories can relieve my stress 5.①information②informing③informed④Hein formed the company that the ship had arrived safely 6.①to②donation③hurried to the hospital to donate their blood 间考单词 l.①being noticed②from③a④her name escaped me 2.①to reaction②to against③reaction④react against traditional values and want to live freely 3.①shocked②shocking③to see④that ⑤was shocked 短语巧突破 l.①in②in③do④which⑤As is often the case 2.①across②away③after④into⑤If they run out of certain daily necessities 3.①up②into③in④down⑤which broke out at ten this morning 句式精剖析 1.①在…之前②…之后才…③（不久）就… ④还没来得及就，⑤it would be30 minutes before it arrived It didn't take long before 2.①must have been②might have known③couldn't have spoken must have hurt him 进阶多维检测 全练透 I.1.disasters 2.reaction 3.crashed 4.destructive 5.procedure 6.donated 7.shocked 8.otherwise 9.exports 10.beyond II.1.To 2.informed 3.being caught 4.to turn 5.in- jured 6.to confirm 7.donation 8.scared 9.shocked 10.to be told IlI.1.in case 2.at large 3.safe and sound 4.keep our head 5.run out of 6.broken out 7.occurred to 8.far and wide IV.1.I'll take an umbrella just in case 2.the project half finished 3.has been in power 4.It must have rained last night 5.escape from the prison 重落实 I.1.killed 2.crashes 3.signalled 4.covering 5.laughing 6.caused 7.of 8.occurred 9.approaching 10.of Ⅱ.[参考范文] How to Deal with Natural Disasters Natural disasters,such as floods,earthquakes and tsunamis,can happen at any time.They often cause a sad loss of life and damage.How should we deal with them? First of all,we should master rich knowledge about natural disasters and make adequate preparations for them.