内容正文:
高频考点词类四 名词
考向明
解题巧
高考语法填空对于名词的考查主要是动词、形容词变为名词,名词变为复数、名词的所有格
1.判断填名词的依据
若空格前有冠词或形容词性物主代词,则应考虑填名词;若空格在谓语动词前作主语,或在及物动词/介词后作宾语,也需要考虑填名词。
2.名词变为复数
若提示词是可数名词单数,分析句子成分仍用名词,则考虑名词复数;
空前有数词、these、those、several、all、both、various等修饰可数名词或空前有one of时用名词复数;
谓语动词是复数形式,则作主语的名词用复数形式。
3.名词的所有格
若提示词和其后的名词之间是所属关系,应考虑名词所有格:单数名词和不以s结尾的复数名词通常在词尾加's;以s或es结尾的复数名词通常在词尾加'。
[典例剖析]
答案 1.engineering 2.richness 3.visibility 4.completion 5.arrival 6.warning
【温馨提示】
动词转化为名词的后缀
后缀
例词
tion/sion
celebrate→celebration庆祝;庆祝活动 conclude→conclusion结论;结束 admit→admission承认;准许进入
er/or
announce→announcer广播员 conduct→conductor指挥;售票员
ment
achieve→achievement功绩;成就 argue→argument辩论;论据(注意去掉e)
ance/ence
appear→appearance出现;外貌 exist→existence存在;生活方式 prefer→preference偏爱
ure
fail→failure失败;倒闭 press→pressure压力
ing
hear→hearing听力;听觉 begin→beginning开端
y
recover→recovery恢复;痊愈 discover→discovery发现
其他
choose→choice选择 vary→variety多样化;种类 tend→tendency趋向;趋势
形容词转化为名词的后缀
后缀
例词
age
short→shortage不足;短缺
cy
efficient→efficiency效率;功效 fluent→fluency流利;流畅 accurate→accuracy准确性 private→privacy隐私;私密
dom
free→freedom自由 wise→wisdom明智;智慧
ce
different→difference差异 silent→silence沉默
ness
weak→weakness虚弱;弱点 kind→kindness仁慈 careless→carelessness粗心大意
th
warm→warmth温暖 wide→width宽度
ty
safe→safety安全 cruel→cruelty残忍,残酷 honest→honesty诚实 difficult→difficulty困难
【即时训练】
1.(2025·高三山东临沂二模)The________(employ) rate has continued to rise in big cities thanks to the efforts of the local government.
employment [考查名词。句意:在地方政府的努力下,大城市的就业率持续上升。根据句意和空格后的名词rate可知,空格处应该用名词employment作定语,修饰后面的名词rate,employment rate意义为“就业率”。故填employment。]
2.(2025·高三山西太原二模)As a Senior 3 student, it is normal that you have a__________(tend) to get anxious with time going by.
tendency [考查名词。句意:作为一名高三学生,随着时间的推移,你有焦虑的倾向是很正常的。动词tend的名词形式为tendency,表示“倾向”,have a tendency to do sth.(有做某事的倾向),名词tendency作宾语。故填tendency。]
3.(2025·高三河北衡水二模)The program aims to help students develop science skills, environmental ________(aware), and healthy lifestyles.
awareness [考查名词。句意:该项目旨在帮助学生培养科学技能、环保意识和健康的生活方式。空处作宾语,前面有形容词修饰,故用名词形式awareness,为不可数名词。故填awareness。]
4.(2025·高三河南郑州二模)Louis carefully designed his balcony, forming a small space which could provide him with better____________(appreciate) of the moon and the stars.
appreciation [考查名词。句意:Louis精心设计了他的阳台,形成了一个小空间,可以为他提供更好的欣赏月亮和星星的机会。本空作with的宾语,用名词appreciation“欣赏”。故填appreciation。]
5.(2025·高三山东临沂二模)My English teacher always teaches us with great____________(patient), that's why all of us like her very much.
patience [考查名词。句意:我的英语老师总是很有耐心地教我们,这就是为什么我们都很喜欢她。空处作with的宾语,被great修饰,结合“all of us like her very much”可知,应用patient的名词形式patience,意为“耐心”,是不可数名词,with patience表示“耐心地”。故填patience。]
6.(2025·高三福建福州二模)After their__________(retire), my grandparents often go out to travel and have fun with their old friends.
retirement [考查名词。句意:退休后,我的祖父母经常出去旅游,和他们的老朋友一起玩。空处作After的宾语,被their修饰,retire的名词形式retirement符合题意,意为“退休”。故填retirement。]
[典例剖析]
答案 1.themes 2.interviews 3.events 4.humans 5.ideas
【技法归纳】
【即时训练】
1.(2025·高三江西南昌二模)We can't seem to make up our________(mind) whether we want a modern city or a traditional one.
minds [考查名词的复数。句意:我们似乎拿不定主意是要一个现代化的城市还是一个传统的城市。make up one's mind中mind的数和one's的数一致,由our可知,空格处用复数。故填minds。]
2.(2025·高三江苏盐城二模)Please check the ________(attach) of this email, which contain all the necessary documents for the project.
attachments [考查名词。句意:请检查这封邮件的附件,其中包含了项目所需的所有必要文件。根据句意,此处需要填写动词“attach”的名词形式,表示“附件”为attachment,泛指多个附件,用复数形式。故填attachments。]
3.(2025·高三山西太原二模)Two days later, the fighting between the two countries left the area in________(ruin).
ruins [考查名词。句意:两天后,两国之间的战斗使该地区陷入毁灭。in ruins,意为“成为废墟”,为固定短语。故填ruins。]
4.(2025·高三四川成都二模)Yang Liwei believed that he would become one of the most influential____________(astronaut) one day and he really did it.
astronauts [考查名词的数。句意:杨利伟相信他有一天会成为最有影响力的宇航员之一,他确实做到了。“one of+名词复数”,表示“……中之一”,所以需要用astronaut“宇航员”的复数形式astronauts,作介词of的宾语。故填astronauts。]
5.(2025·高三安徽合肥二模)The poet's clever use of various__________(pattern) added depth and richness to her work.
patterns [考查名词复数。句意:这位诗人对各种形式的巧妙运用为她的作品增添了深度和丰富性。根据空前的形容词various可知,空处应用可数名词复数形式,pattern“形式;模式”,是可数名词,其复数形式为patterns。故填patterns。]
6.(2025·高三山东滨州二模)Literary__________(style) can transport us to different worlds, evoke emotions and leave a lasting impact on our souls.
styles [考查名词复数。句意:文学风格可以把我们带到不同的世界,唤起情感,并对我们的灵魂留下持久的影响。根据空前的Literary可知,Literary是形容词,空处应用名词形式,style“风格”,为可数名词,此处表示泛指,应用复数形式styles,作主语。故填styles。]
[典例剖析]
【技法归纳】
【即时训练】
1.(2025·高三浙江温州二模)The doctor was very pleased that most of his________(patient) health improved after the treatment.
patients' [考查名词所有格。句意:医生很高兴他的大多数病人在治疗后健康状况都有所改善。根据句意和前文most of可知,此处应用其名词复数的所有格形式patients',修饰名词health,表示“大多数病人的健康状况”。故填patients'。]
2.(2025·高三河北衡水二模)At a________(tailor) shop nearby, he witnessed a debate on the fashion.
tailor's [考查名词所有格。句意:在附近的一家裁缝店,他目睹了一场关于时尚的辩论。分析句子可知,此处应用名词所有格形式修饰名词shop。tailor的名词所有格形式为tailor's。tailor's shop意为“裁缝店”。故填tailor's。]
3.(2025·高三湖北武汉二模)The________(editorinchief) decision to prioritize the publication of this controversial study sparked intense debate within the academic community.
editorinchief's [考查复合名词所有格。句意:主编优先发表这项有争议研究的决定在学术界引发了激烈辩论。空处需要表示“主编的”这一所属关系,复合名词editorinchief的所有格形式是在最后一个词后加's。故填editorinchief's。]
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