摘要:
该高中英语讲义聚焦高考语法填空核心考点,涵盖谓语动词(时态、语态、主谓一致)、非谓语动词、词性转化及复杂句式,按考情分析-命题解读-技法归纳-分层训练的逻辑架构知识体系。通过考点梳理(如动词时态确定方法)、方法指导(非谓语作状语技巧)、真题训练(2025模拟题即时应用)等环节,帮助学生构建语法知识网络,突破长难句分析等难点,体现复习的系统性与针对性。
资料突出文化主题深化(如围棋与AI、茶马古道申遗)和三维复杂句式训练(嵌套结构、混合从句),创新采用“一词多性”专项词库、从句套从句解析等策略,培育学生语言能力与思维品质。设置基础巩固到综合应用的分层练习,配合即时反馈,确保高效突破考点,为教师把控复习节奏提供清晰路径,助力学生提升语法填空应试能力。
内容正文:
语法填空是对考生语法知识和语境理解能力的考查,要求考生具备语法知识、语篇知识、单词拼写和逻辑推理的能力。新课程标准要求考生能根据所学概念性词语,从不同的角度思考和认识周围世界,能识别语篇间接反映或隐含的社会文化现象。
【考情表解】
卷别
年份
文本
词数
体裁
主题
考点分布
有提示词
无提示词
谓语
动词
非谓
语动词
形容词/副词
名
词
代
词
数
词
冠
词
介
词
并列
连词
从属
连词
新课标Ⅰ
2025
239
说明文
人与社会
2
1
2
1
0
0
1
1
1
1
2024
238
说明文
人与社会
1
1
2
3
0
0
1
1
0
1
2023
215
说明文
人与社会
0
4
2
0
1
0
1
1
1
0
新课标Ⅱ
2025
231
记叙文
人与自我
1
2
1
2
1
0
0
1
1
1
2024
229
说明文
人与社会
2
3
0
2
0
0
0
1
1
1
2023
212
记叙文
人与自我
1
0
3
2
0
0
1
1
1
1
【命题解读】
1.语法填空语篇类型为说明文或记叙文,语篇长度在200词左右。选材贴近考生生活实际,渗透对考生的语言能力、文化意识和思维品质这三大学科核心素养的考查。
2.语法填空考查关键能力,突出必备知识的基础作用。有提示词的题注重对名词、代词、形容词、副词、动词时态语态、主谓一致、非谓语动词等必备知识的考查;无提示词的题重点考查定语从句、主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、状语从句、并列连词、冠词、介词等。另外语法填空涉及对长难句结构分析和句意理解的考查。
【考向预测】
1.文化主题考查深化
2025年高考进一步强化中外文化交融主题:
①新课标Ⅰ卷围棋艺术展(中国传统文化+AI科技)
②新课标Ⅱ卷美国作家浙江乡村生活(跨文化适应)
③2025北京卷“茶马古道”申遗报道(历史+国际合作)
命题特点:
①73%文化类语篇含中外元素对比
②传统技艺(如围棋)多结合现代科技呈现
③新增“非物质文化遗产保护”子话题
2.句子结构三维复杂化
2025年典型复杂句式分析:
①嵌套结构(新课标Ⅰ卷):
“The balance(主)..., the beauty(主)..., and the energy flow(主)...inspired(谓)...”
(三主语+插入语+谓语)
②混合从句(2025新课标Ⅰ卷):
“When引导时间状语从句+where定语从句+if条件状语从句”三重复合
备考建议:
①重点训练“从句套从句”解析能力;
②掌握5种以上非谓语动词组合模式。
3.词性转化命题升级
2025年新考法示例:
①跨词类转化(新课标Ⅱ卷):
“central”(形→名)→“central heating”;“afternoon”(名→副)→“sunny afternoons”
②一词多性(2025新课标Ⅰ卷):
“light”(名/形/动)三重词性考查
高频转化方向:
①名词→动词(如water, bridge);②形容词→动词(如empty, clean);③工具类名词→动词(如hammer, phone)
[备考锦囊]
建立“一词多性”专项词库;重点标注转化词后缀(en, ize等)
第一节 高频考点词类荟萃
高频考点词类一 动词
考向明
解题巧
语法填空对谓语动词的考查侧重于一般现在时、一般过去时、现在完成时的时态、语态和主谓一致;偶有考查过去完成时及情态动词的被动语态。
考向1 如何确定谓语动词时态
[典例剖析]
答案 1.walks 2.have started 3.means 4.was fixing
【技法归纳】
【即时训练】
1.(2025·高三河北衡水二模)I was completely exhausted when I finally ________(arrive) at the conference center yesterday afternoon.The keynote speech had already begun, and the organizers were giving me disapproving looks as I quietly took my seat in the back row.
arrived [考查动词时态。根据时间状语确定时态。“yesterday afternoon”明确表示过去的具体时间,主句使用过去进行时(was...exhausted)提供背景,“had already begun”使用过去完成时表示先发生的动作。]
2.(2025·高三山东临沂二模)The research team ________(conduct) experiments in the lab since early this morning, and they are expected to continue until midnight.
has been conducting [考查动词时态。 “since early this morning”表示从过去某一时间点持续到现在的时间段,“are expected to continue”暗示动作仍在进行,故用现在完成进行时表示从过去开始持续到现在,并可能继续进行的动作。]
3.(2025·高三湖南长沙二模)By the end of last semester, all the students in our class ________(read) at least three Shakespearean plays as part of the literature course.
had read [考查动词时态。需要根据上下文逻辑确定。“By the end of last semester”表示过去某一时间点之前,“as part of the literature course”提供动作背景。过去完成时表示在过去某个时间点之前已经完成的动作,强调动作的完成性和先后顺序。]考向2 如何确定谓语动词语态
[典例剖析]
答案 1.was built 2.be done 3.be employed 4.were permitted
【技法归纳】
【即时训练】
1.(2025·高三山东日照二模)The new library building ________(complete) by the end of next month, according to the project manager's latest update.
will have been completed [考查动词语态。building与complete是被动关系(图书馆被建成),“by the end of next month”表示将来完成时。]
2.(2025·高三福建厦门二模)All conference participants ________(require) to submit their research abstracts before October 15th, as stated in the official guidelines.
are required [考查动词语态。participants与require是被动关系(参与者被要求),“before October 15th”表示现在有效的规章制度,故用一般现在时被动语态。]
3.(2025·高三湖北荆州二模)The groundbreaking research findings ________(publish) in Nature magazine last week, attracting worldwide attention from the scientific community.
were published [考查动词语态。findings与publish是被动关系(研究成果被发表),“last week”确定过去时间,故用一般过去时被动语态。]
考向3 如何确定谓语动词的单复数——主谓一致
[典例剖析]
答案 1.were 2.were 3.were 4.has
【技法归纳】
【即时训练】
1.(2025·高三河南郑州二模)The construction of the new subway lines ________(delay) for two months due to the recent heavy rainfall, causing inconvenience to many commuters.
has been delayed [考查谓语动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。主语construction与谓语动词delay是被动关系(建设被延误),“for two months”表示持续到现在的时间段,“recent heavy rainfall”表明对现在造成影响。故用现在完成时的被动语态。]
2.(2025·高三山东滨州二模)Neither the professor nor his students ________(be) satisfied with the final exam results released yesterday.
are [考查谓语动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。neither...nor连接并列主语,适用就近原则,最近的主语“students”为复数。“released yesterday”表明现在对过去结果的感受,一般现在时表达当前状态。]
3.(2025·高三福建福州二模)The number of applicants for this prestigious scholarship ________(increase) significantly since the application process was simplified last year.
has increased [考查谓语动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。 “the number of”作主语,谓语用单数,“since...last year”表示从过去持续到现在,applicants与increase是主动关系(数量自动增长),故用现在完成时表示持续的变化。]
考向明
解题巧
非谓语动词作宾语、状语、补语和定语是语法填空的高频考点;非谓语动词作表语和主语较少考查。
[典例剖析]
答案 1.to give 2.to find 3.Recalling 4.to catch 5.to bite 6.recognized
【技法归纳】
【即时训练】
1.(2025·高三广东广州二模)The renowned scientist delivered her keynote speech at the international conference,________(illustrate) each of her groundbreaking findings with detailed 3D animations and interactive simulations that captivated the audience.
illustrating [考查现在分词作伴随状语。句意:这位著名科学家在国际会议上发表主旨演讲,用详细的3D动画和互动模拟来阐释她的每一个突破性发现,这些展示让观众着迷。空处位于主句之后,表示与delivered同时发生的伴随动作,且主语the renowned scientist与illustrate为主动关系,应用现在分词表主动和进行。故填illustrating。]
2.(2025·高三浙江杭州二模)The archaeological artifacts ________(unearth) during the recent excavation at the ancient Mayan site, which include intricately carved jade ornaments and remarkably preserved ceramic vessels, are expected to rewrite history books about this mysterious civilization.
unearthed [考查过去分词作后置定语。句意:最近在古代玛雅遗址发掘出土的考古文物,包括雕刻精美的玉饰和保存完好的陶瓷器皿,有望改写关于这个神秘文明的历史书籍。空处修饰名词The archaeological artifacts,artifacts与unearth之间为被动关系,且unearth动作已经完成,应用过去分词表被动和完成意义。故填unearthed。]
3.(2025·高三湖北荆州二模)The students ________(participate) in the robotics competition have been working on their projects for over six months, sacrificing weekends and holidays to perfect their designs.
participating [考查现在分词作定语。句意:参加机器人竞赛的学生们已经为他们的项目工作了六个多月,牺牲周末和假期来完善设计。空处修饰名词the students,students与participate之间为主动关系,且动作正在进行,应用现在分词表主动和进行。故填participating。]
4.(2025·高三山东临沂二模)________(integrate) artificial intelligence with traditional medical diagnosis has become a major breakthrough in modern healthcare, enabling doctors to detect diseases at earlier stages with unprecedented accuracy.
Integrating [考查动名词作主语。句意:将人工智能与传统医学诊断相结合已成为现代医疗的重大突破,使医生能够以前所未有的准确度在更早期发现疾病。空处位于句首作主语,表示“结合”这一抽象概念,应用动名词表泛指。故填Integrating。]
5.(2025·高三湖南长沙二模)________(equip) with the latest laboratory facilities, the research center is now capable of conducting experiments that were previously impossible in this field.
Equipped [考查过去分词作状语。句意:配备了最新的实验室设施,该研究中心现在能够进行该领域以前不可能完成的实验。空处位于句首作原因状语,the research center与equip之间为被动关系,且equip动作已完成,应用过去分词表被动和完成。故填Equipped。]
6.(2025·高三江西南昌二模)The government has allocated a special fund ________(support) young scientists who are conducting innovative research in renewable energy technologies.
to support [考查不定式作定语。句意:政府已拨出专项资金来支持从事可再生能源技术创新研究的青年科学家。空处修饰名词fund,表示资金的用途,应用不定式表目的。故填to support。]
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