专题3 完形填空 第1节 归类型学技法-【创新大课堂】2026年高考二轮英语专题复习

该高中英语讲义聚焦高考完形填空核心考点，依据新课标对语境词汇理解及使用者意图的考查要求，按句内、句组、语篇三个逻辑层次架构知识体系，通过考情解读、技法归纳、真题典例分析及即时训练环节，帮助学生系统掌握语境推理、词语复现等解题策略，突破难点。 资料突出熟词生义与词性转化新考法，创新采用“分层解题+素养融合”教学策略，如句内层次题结合生活常识推理真题，句组层次题运用词语复现技法，语篇层次题强化首尾呼应，培养学生思维品质与语言能力。设置基础到综合的分层练习，配合即时反馈，助力教师精准把控复习节奏，提升学生应考能力。

完形填空主要考查考生在阅读理解的基础上运用词汇和语法的能力。在一篇230词左右的短文中设空15处，要求考生从每题所给的四个选项中选出正确选项，使补全后的短文意思通顺、前后连贯、结构完整。 新课程标准要求考生能在语境中理解具体词语的功能、内涵和外延以及使用者的意图和态度；能理解语篇中特定语言的使用意图以及语言在反映情感态度和价值观方面所起的作用。 【考情表解】 卷别 年份 短文词数 体裁 主题语境 题目类型 名词 动词 形容词 副词 词组或短语 新课标Ⅰ 2025 250 记叙文 人与社会：搬家趣事之“赠人玫瑰，手有余香” 6 6 2 0 1 2024 234 记叙文 人与自我：运动兴趣和运动经历 5 7 1 1 1(动) 2023 227 记叙文 人与社会：越野赛跑中救助受伤对手 8 4 2 0 1(动) 新课标Ⅱ 2025 221 记叙文 人与自我：一位65岁的老奶奶坚持健身，积极健康改变自己的生活。 8 4 1 1 1 2024 231 记叙文 人与社会：定居意大利以及意大利的风土人情 5 8 1 0 1(动) 2023 221 记叙文 人与社会：帮助别人用飞机运输宠物狗 3 5 4 1 2(动) 【命题解读】 1．设题规律 短文首句交代故事背景，一般不设空。选项主要是实词，以动词、名词为主，其次是形容词、副词，虚词基本没有。四个选项语法形式一致，但意义相差甚远。正确选项个数分布均等或基本均等。 2．选材特点 材料主要来源于英文报刊或国外网站。主题语境包括“人与自我”“人与社会”和“人与自然”，选材原汁原味，语言地道，充满正能量，倡导至真至善至美的价值观，在具体语境中考查英语核心素养。短文长度200多词(200－240)，常考记叙文。 【考向预测】 未来的考试中将继续深化对熟词生义和词性转化的考查，命题形式更加灵活，如2025年最新高考题及模拟题所示： 1．熟词生义：My phone was __________， too.(2024·九省联考) dead　[(熟义“死的”→生义“没电的”)] The engine ______ after the long journey.(2025·全国高考Ⅰ卷模拟) died　[(熟义“死亡”→生义“熄火”)] 2．词性转化：__________ his clothes, he kept working in the heavy rain.(2025·全国高考Ⅰ卷模拟) Soiling　[(名词soil→动词“弄脏”)] Her speech ________ the start of the ceremony.(2025·全国高考Ⅰ卷模拟) pronounced　[(动词“发音”→动词“宣布”)] 备考建议：积累高频词的生僻含义(如bank“银行”→bank“河岸”)；掌握常见词的词性活用(如water“水”→water“浇水”)；通过上下文逻辑判断词义 命题预测：2026年可能新增：科技类词汇的语境义(如mouse“老鼠”→“鼠标”)；动词化的抽象名词(如bridge“桥”→bridge“弥合差距”) 第一节　归类型　学技法 类型一　句内层次题 句内层次题的解题信息分布在本句内，在读懂文义的前提下，利用本句的一些信息，凭借语感即可顺利选出答案。对于此类题目，学生可以边读边填，将原文信息尽量复原。 将相关信息和我们原有的生活经验、文化背景知识，以及科普常识等结合起来，进行简单推理，从而得出正确答案。事实上，该技巧与“逻辑推断”常常交织在一起，因为虽有背景常识，但仍需简单推理；逻辑推理离不开背景常识。 [典例剖析]　(2024·新课标Ⅰ) I dreamed of entering cycle races until I flew to San Diego to visit my sister．While she was at work one 　　　　线索信息 day，I ____ her bike and went for a ride. A．painted B．borrowed C．bought D．parked [1]读句寻找线索信息：语段中“I flew to San Diego to visit my sister”为线索信息。 [2]对比选项，根据生活常识进行推断：“我”乘飞机去看姐姐，应该是在她那儿短暂停留，所以是借姐姐的自行车去骑行。 [3]复核验证，得出答案：把B项代入原文，句意通顺，合乎逻辑，故B项为正确答案。 【技法归纳】 【即时训练】 1．(2024·新课标Ⅱ)Families ________ for big meals on Sundays，birthdays，and whatever other excuses they can come up with. A．gather B．cheer C．leave D．wait A　[gather聚集；cheer欢呼；leave留下；wait等待。根据下文“on Sundays，birthdays，and whatever other excuses they can come up with”，再结合生活常识可知，在这些时间意大利家庭热爱聚餐。故选A。] 2．(2024·新课标Ⅱ)During my first visit to Italy，I ________ to ask for directions or order in a restaurant. A．planned B．struggled C．refused D．happened B　[plan计划；struggle努力，争取；refuse拒绝；happen出现，发生。根据上文“During my first visit to Italy”和生活常识可推知，此处指作者第一次到意大利，语言不通，很难沟通交流。故选B。] 3．(2023·新课标Ⅰ)Bailey then ________ to let Lenoue climb onto her back and carried her all the way to the finish line，then another 300 feet to where Lenoue could get medical attention. A．went away B．stood up C．stepped aside D．bent down D　[go away离开；stand up站起来；step aside让路；bend down弯腰。根据下文“let Lenoue climb onto her back”及生活常识可知，Bailey只有弯下腰，Lenoue才能爬到她的背上。故选D。] 完形填空文章的上下文之间以及句子内部之间往往有着一定的逻辑关系，句子的各个成分之间存在一定的对应关系。学生可以根据这种逻辑关系找出与设空处相对应的已知成分，将它作为线索，从而推断出设空处的答案。 [典例剖析]　(2024·全国甲) Born just before WWⅡ，my grandmother __43__ 　　　　　关键线索1 an entirely different childhood lifestyle from mine．She 关键线索2 did not have a chance to go to school.Like in typical families，where boys were favored much more than girls， 　　　　　　　关键线索3 my grandma had to stay at home to do __46__． 关键线索4 43．A.adjusted B．promoted C．achieved D．experienced 46．A.gardening B．homework C．business D．housework [1]读句找寻前后对应成分：仔细阅读语段可知，关键线索1和关键线索2为对应成分；关键线索3和关键线索4为对应成分。 [2]对比对应成分，做出合理判断：对比关键线索1和关键线索2可知，祖母出生在二战前，和“我”接受的教育相比，一定是她所经历的不同于“我”的；对比关键线索3和关键线索4可知，在典型的家庭中，男孩比女孩更受宠爱，所以祖母不得不待在家里做家务。 [3]对比选项，得出答案：对比选项可知第43题D项“经历”符合；第46题D项“家务活”符合。所以两题答案都为D。 【技法归纳】 【即时训练】 1．(2024·新课标Ⅱ)As a foodie，the way to my heart is through my stomach，and nowhere fuels my ________ quite like Italy. A．ambition B．success C．appetite D．growth C　[ambition雄心；success成功；appetite食欲；growth发育。根据上文“As a foodie”可知，作者是一个美食家，所以应该是“刺激食欲”。故选C。] 2．(2024·新课标Ⅱ)Each town has its own traditional ________，and every family keeps a recipe passed from one generation to another. A.costume B．dish C．symbol D．tale B　[costume服装；dish菜肴；symbol符号；tale故事。结合上下文可知，本段内容与饮食有关。再结合下文“every family keeps a recipe passed from one generation to another”可推知，此处指每个城镇都有自己的传统菜肴。故选B。] 3．(2023·新课标Ⅰ)Bailey took her arm to see if she could walk forward with ________． A．courage B．aid C．patience D．advice B　[courage勇气；aid帮助；patience耐心；advice建议。根据上文“Bailey took her arm”可知，此处表示“看她是否能在她的帮助下向前走”。故选B。] 解题时通过分析习惯用法、固定搭配以及句子结构，进行有效的推理判断，从而选出正确选项。学生在解题时要灵活地运用一些常用的习惯用法、固定搭配，学会分析句子结构。 [典例剖析]　(2024·新课标Ⅰ) So I turned to cycling.I got a good bike and rode a lot.I ________ of entering cycle races until I flew to San Diego to visit my sister. 　　　　 　定位关键词：介词of A．heard B．dreamed C．complained D．approved [1]定位空后关键词：空后介词of为关键词。 [2]构成搭配，弄清意思：四个选项与介词of构成短语后的意思分别为：hear of听说；dream of梦想；complain of抱怨；approve of赞成，批准。 [3]填空验证，得出答案：将各选项填入空格后，只有B项句意通顺，“我梦想着参加自行车比赛，直到我飞到圣地亚哥去看我姐姐。”故B项为正确答案。 【技法归纳】 【即时训练】 1．(2024·全国甲)As always my grandmother would tell me stories about her childhood...I guess our different childhood background is what makes my grandmother such an amazing person to ________ to：her stories always make my history textbooks come alive. A．attend B．refer C．lead D．talk D　[以上选项与后面的介词to 构成固定搭配后意思分别是：attend to处理，照料；refer to参考；lead to导致；talk to与……谈话。根据上文“my grandmother would tell me stories about her childhood”可知，作者的祖母会讲自己小时候的故事给作者听。所以童年背景和经历的不同让祖母成为一个很棒的交谈对象。故选D。] 2．(2024·浙江1月)In the course of a couple of hours，he showed me just how much one can gain from traveling with an open mind，and a willingness to ________ with locals from all walks of life. A．cooperate B．side C．negotiate D．engage D　[以上选项与后面的介词with构成短语后的意思分别是：cooperate with 与……合作；side with支持某人(反对……)；negotiate with与……协商；engage with与……建立密切关系。根据空后“with locals from all walks of life”可知，此处指和各行各业的当地人打交道，应用短语engage with。故选D。] 3．(2023·全国乙)The Chinese coach ________ Douglas into one of the best gymnasts in the world，helping her skyrocket from an average member of the national team to the top of the sport. A．forced B．transformed C．persuaded D．put B　[force强迫；transform转换，改造，彻底改变；persuade劝说；put放。由下文“Douglas into one of the best gymnasts”可知，这位中国教练让Douglas变成世界上最好的体操运动员之一，transform...into...是固定搭配，意为“使……变成……”。故选B。] 语篇是由一些意义相关的句子根据一定的逻辑关系组织起来的语义整体。逻辑关系隐藏在单个句子中、句与句之间以及段落的衔接中，体现作者的写作思路和篇章意义，是贯穿整篇文章的主线。因此，解答完形填空题最基本的方法就是根据空处前后所提供的信息或上下文之间的逻辑关系，做出符合逻辑的判断。 [典例剖析]　(2024·新课标Ⅱ) Whatever ________ life in Italy might have，the 关键词：引导让步状语从句 problems are forgotten once you sit down to a big meal 线索信息句 with friends and family. A．disadvantages B．meanings C．surprises D．opportunities [1]定位关键词：whatever为关键词。 [2]确定句内前后关系：whatever引导让步状语从句，表明前后为让步关系。 [3]根据句意，确定答案：主句句意：一旦你坐下来与朋友和家人一起吃大餐，这些问题就会被忘记了。根据前后为让步关系，说明空处单词应与problem同义，从句句意应是“不论你生活中可能有什么样的不愉快的事。”对比选项可知，A项符合句意。 【技法归纳】 【即时训练】 1．并列关系 (2024·全国甲)There，they would walk through deep water，sit down cross­legged underwater and hold their ________ while they watched all action going on around them. A．secret B．breath C．view D．tongue B　[secret秘密；breath呼吸；view视野；tongue舌头。根据上文“they would walk through deep water，sit down cross­legged underwater and hold”可知，此处描述的是他们下水的一系列动作，在水下肯定是屏住呼吸。故选B。] 2．因果关系 (2023·新课标Ⅰ)Her ______ came because she was carrying a competitor across the finish line. A．delay B．chance　 C．trouble D．excuse A　[delay延误；chance机会；trouble麻烦；excuse借口。根据下文“because she was carrying a．..across the finish line”可推知，她背着另一名竞争对手冲过终点线会造成延误。故选A。] 3．转折关系 (2023·新课标Ⅱ)George，the husband，was trying to be calm，but I could tell this was ______ for him，having to leave his dog to a stranger and trust that everything would work out. A．hard B．fine C．common D．lucky A　[hard困难的；fine好的；common常见的；lucky幸运的。根据上文“was trying to be calm”，转折词but以及下文“having to leave his dog to a stranger and trust that everything would work out”可推知，此处指George很难冷静下来。故选A。] 4．递进关系 (2020·全国Ⅲ)If you do，you won't be able to handle it and the whole thing develops into an unpleasant scene and that ________ everyone's day. A．ruins B．makes C．starts D．saves A　[根据上文的“you won't be able to handle it and the...develops into an unpleasant scene and...”可知，and连接的三个句子在意思上层层递进，最终造成不好的结果，即毁掉(ruin)大家的一天。故选A。] 类型二　句组层次题 词语复现是指某一个词以原词，或同/近义词(如difficult与challenging)、同源词(如happy与happiness)、上下义(如vegetable与eggplant)、反义词(如wrong与right)等形式在同一语篇中重复出现的现象。词语复现是语篇衔接的一个重要手段，我们可以借助这一衔接手段解答完形填空题。 [典例剖析] (2024·新课标Ⅰ) I've been motivated—and demotivated—by other 关键信息句 folks' achievements all my life． 关键复现词：与选项B为原词复现 When I was a teenager，a neighborhood friend won a marathon race.Feeling motivated，I started running regularly，but then two things happened.First，a girl I met one day told me she was training for a “super”，referring to a 52.4­mile double marathon.Then，the next day I went on my longest run—15 miles.To be honest，I hated it! Between the girl making my __45__ seem small and the pure boredom of jogging，I decided 空格前后关键信息 that the only reason why I'd ever run again is if a big dog was running after me! A．advantage B．achievement C．contribution D．influence [1]对比上下文与选项看是否有词语复现：第一段的achievements与B项achievement为原词复现。 [2]“瞻前顾后”找规律：第一段句意：在我的生活中，别人的成就一直激励着我，也让我失去动力。空处前后意为：让我的________显得微不足道。根据这两处信息推断：别人的成就会激励“我”，也会让“我”感到没有动力，空处应该是别人的成绩让“我”的成就显得非常渺小，所以就没有了信心。 [3]复核验证，确定答案：把achievement填到空处后，句意通顺，上下文逻辑通畅，故B项为答案。 【技法归纳】 【即时训练】 1．同/近义词复现 (2020·全国Ⅱ)It was signed(签名) “Bonnato” or so he thought，but when he researched it，he only found “Bonnard，” a French ________ he had never heard of.He bought a book and was surprised to find a picture of the artist Pierre Bonnard sitting on the same chair in the same garden as his father's painting. A．painter B．designer C．author D．actor A　[由上文中的Bonnard以及下文中的“find a picture of the artist Pierre Bonnard sitting on the same chair”可知，此处表示一位法国画家(painter)。artist与painter是近义词。故选A。] 2．同源词复现 (2022·全国乙)We brought young children aged 2－4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC.Each ________ sat down with an adult who covered her own eyes or ears. A．parent B．child C．researcher D．doctor B　[根据上文“We brought young children aged 2－4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC.”可知，此处表示每个儿童都和一个成年人坐在一起。故选B。] 3．上下义复现 (2021·新课标Ⅰ)Our ________ in the factory were simple：Place cakes on a moving belt.Attach icing(糖霜) ears.Apply icing eyes and nose. A．joys B．ideas C．roles D．choices C　[根据下文“Place cakes on a moving belt.Attach icing(糖霜) ears...from the belt.”可知，这里介绍的是作者他们在工厂的具体工作或职责。role除了表示“角色”外，还可以表示“职责，作用”。故选C。] 在做完形填空题时，考生一定要在快速阅读文章的过程中，仔细找出能够反映作者态度和情感色彩的重要词汇。作者在选择使用特定的褒义词或贬义词时就表达了自己的感情和意愿。考生做题时要抓住这个线索，根据态度一致原则，进行合理推测，从而快速确定某些题目的正确答案。 [典例剖析]　(2024·全国甲) My childhood is quite happy compared with hers.I am ________ that I did not need to go through the hardships like she did. A．grateful B．surprised　 C．convinced D．regretful 分析　根据上文“My childhood is...hers.”可知，与她(此处指作者的祖母)的童年相比，作者的童年是相当幸福的。由此可推知，作者很感激(grateful)自己不需要经历像祖母经历过的那样的困难。故选A。 【即时训练】 1．(2023·新课标Ⅱ)He was so ________ and sent me a nice e­mail with pictures.It felt great to know that I had helped bring this family together again. A．thankful B．generous C．proud D．sympathetic A　[thankful感激的；generous慷慨的；proud骄傲的；sympathetic同情的。根据下文“and sent me a nice e­mail with pictures”和“I had helped bring this family together again”可推知，此处指对于作者的帮忙，George非常感激。故选A。] 2．(2021·全国乙)Simply saying thank you doesn't seem enough in certain situations.I was considering this while working as a nurse just a few weeks ago.And it came to me then how much easier it would be if we had a range of words that express different grades of gratitude(感谢). ... She was ________ for everything that the medical and nursing team had done for her. A.grateful B．thoughtful C．sorrowful D．fearful A　[依据上文中的“gratitude(感谢)”可知，此处是她感激医护人员为她做的一切。故选A。] 3．(2021·新课标Ⅰ)Dad ________．The son of a grocer，he'd spent the summers of his childhood delivering food in Bernardsville，New Jersey.This was the sort of work that made you appreciate the dollars you earned and respect those who did the work，he told me. A．cried B．smiled C．hesitated D．refused B　[根据下文说到的作者的父亲童年时期的“打工”经历可知，作者的父亲是理解作者当下的感受的，所以他会心一笑(smile)。故选B。] 完形填空的每一道题都有依据，考生须在上下文中寻找依据。有时候问题的答案只需要考虑设空处所在句或该句的上文或下文，但有时需综合考虑上下文。总结成口诀：每道题必有据，上下求索找信息。 [典例剖析]　(2024·新课标Ⅱ) After I made Italy my permanent home， I discovered how ________ Italians are．Neighbors will [1]定位设空句　　　　　　　　　　　　　关键信息1 bring me freshly made cheese and will come to my door 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　关键信息2 to remind me to close the window in my car when rain is coming． A．open­minded　　　　　 B．strong­willed C．warm­hearted D．well­informed [2]上下求索，找出关键信息：根据下文关键信息1：邻居们会给“我”送来新鲜的奶酪和关键信息2：下雨的时候会来“我”家门口提醒我关上车窗，可推知作者发现意大利人都很热心。 [3]对比选项，得出答案：对比四个选项，可知C项“warm­hearted”(热心的)符合句意。故选C。 【技法归纳】 【即时训练】 1．上文信息 (2024·浙江1月)While taking a 20­hour train ride along the edge of the Taklimakan Desert in northwestern China，I had the kind of humbling，educational，and above all else，wonderful encounter with a local that all travelers long for.A young Chinese man approached me on the train.My ________ friend spoke virtually no English，so I happily took the chance to practice my Chinese. A．true B．so­called C．new D．long­lost C　[true真的；so­called所谓的；new新的；long­lost很久不见的。根据上文“I had the kind of humbling，educational，and above all else，wonderful encounter with a local that all travelers long for”可知，两人是新认识的，所以是新朋友。故选C。] 2．上下文信息 (2022·新课标Ⅰ)I tied a rope around his waist to keep him near to our spot.That lasted about ten minutes.He was uncomfortable，and his crying let the whole campground know it.So ________ tying him up，I just kept a close eye on him.It worked—he didn't end up in the creek. A．due to B．instead of C．apart from D．as for B　[due to由于；instead of代替，而不是；apart from除了；as for至于。根据上文“He was uncomfortable，and his crying let the whole campground know it.”以及下文“I just kept a close eye on him”可推知，此处指孩子身上被绑绳子后感觉不舒服，所以作者放弃在他身上绑绳子，而是密切关注着他。故选B。] 类型三　语篇层次题 有时完形填空题的第一个空需要读完全文才能做出正确选择，有时最后一个空呼应全文主题，需要结合全文主题(往往是开头首句)才能作答。此类跳跃性较强的设空需要考生牢牢把握住首尾呼应，结合鲜明统一的主题来敲定答案。 [典例剖析]　(2024·全国甲) ...Like in typical families，where boys were favored much more than girls，my grandma had to stay at home to do housework.The only opportunity(机会) she could seize to study was when her brother was having Chinese lessons with the family tutor... I've never faced the problem of ________．I guess our different childhood background is what makes my grandmother such an amazing person to talk to：her stories always make my history textbooks come alive. A．unemployment B．health C．education D．communication 分析　此题根据就近上下文信息找不到答案，需要利用前后文呼应法来选词。根据上文中“She did not have a chance to go to school.”和“The only opportunity(机会) she could seize to study was when her brother was having Chinese lessons with the family tutor.”可知，祖母没有机会上学，所以此处指作者从来没有遇到过教育方面的问题。故选C。 【即时训练】 1．(2023·全国甲)It was a very nice gesture for him to make.But when we looked at the tomatoes，we were worried because they were so misshapen：not at all like the nice，round，shiny things you get in a supermarket.And the wine was cloudy，in a funny old bottle with no label(标签) on it.These can't be any good，we thought.But we were thankful for his kindness，so we tried them. What we discovered is that it's unwise to judge what you eat only by its ________．Those tomatoes had a taste that reminded me of the ones my uncle used to grow when I was a child. A．appearance B．quality C．origin D．price A　[appearance外观；quality质量；origin源头；price价格。结合前后文可知，作者一家刚开始看到马里奥送的西红柿是畸形的，对其感到担心，但是后来发现它的味道比超市的西红柿要好，所以此处应是根据外观来判断你吃的东西是不明智的。故选A。] 2．When I first entered high school, I was overwhelmed by the sheer size of everything.The towering lockers, the endless hallways, and the sea of unfamiliar faces all made me feel like a tiny fish in a vast ocean.________ But by the time graduation came, I had not only adapted but thrived—those same hallways now felt like home, and the once­intimidating student body had become my second family. A．anxious B．excited C．confident D．curious A　[首尾呼应线索：开头使用“overwhelmed”(不堪重负)和“tiny fish in a vast ocean”(沧海一粟)的比喻，结尾形成对比“adapted but thrived”(适应并成长)。需要填入与开头负面情绪一致的形容词。A项“anxious”(焦虑的)完美呼应；B项“excited”(兴奋的)→ 与上下文负面情绪矛盾；C项“confident”(自信的)→与成长结果混淆；D项“curious”(好奇的)→ 中性词不符合强烈负面情绪。只有A项符合“不适应阶段”的心理状态。] 叙事类的完形填空的一般行文结构：故事开端——发展——高潮——结局。因此在解题时，考生必须把握文章的走势，了解文章的发展脉络，揣摩文章字里行间的意义，选择与作者思路或意图相吻合的选项，例如上文有因为，下文必然有所以；上文有其然，下文必有其所以然。 [典例剖析]　(2022·全国甲) You can tell a lot about a man by how he treats his dogs. ... The next week we walked our dogs together.It was a hot day.When we paused to catch our breath，Steve got down on one knee.Was he proposing(求婚)？I liked him too，but so soon？He poured water from a bottle into his hand and offered it to my dogs.In that moment，I began to fall for him. ．.. A year later，much to my delight，this man produced a little box with a ring and proposed to me.He did not kneel(跪) down，nor did I need him to.That's only for giving ________ to the dogs that brought us together. A．toys　　　B．awards　　　C．food　　D．water 分析　利用文章发展脉络解题。文章首段提出了一个观点：从一个人如何对待自己的狗能看出他的为人。根据下文可知，作者是一位动物爱好者，她的男友Steve也是一位动物爱好者。在两人约会的过程中，Steve喂作者的小狗喝水的一幕深深打动了作者。一年之后，作者欣然接受了Steve 的求婚。Steve没有通过下跪的方式向作者求婚，因为作者认为下跪这个动作只是为了给那些让他们走到一起的小狗们“喝水”才做的。故选D。 【即时训练】　(2025·高三湖北荆州二模片段) 文章脉络总结：开端：收养胆小的小狗 → 发展：调皮捣蛋的成长阶段 → 转折：救主事件 → 升华：成为治疗犬 → 主题：人与狗的共同成长 When David first adopted Max, the golden retriever was just a skinny puppy trembling in the corner of the shelter.__1__， David could see the intelligence in the dog's eyes.He immediately knew they were meant to be together. During their first year, Max proved to be __2__ than expected.He chewed David's favorite shoes, dug up the backyard, and once even got stuck in the laundry basket.But through patient training, their bond grew stronger. Everything changed when David suffered a bike accident.Max's __3__ saved his life—the dog ran to neighbors barking loudly until help arrived.This incident revealed Max's true __4__． Now certified as a therapy dog, Max brings joy to hospital patients.David often reflects on how their __5__ journey transformed both their lives in ways he never imagined. 1．A.Therefore B．However C．Besides D．Meanwhile B　[前文“trembling...skinny”负面描述与后文“intelligence”积极发现形成转折，必须用转折词连接矛盾信息。A表因果，C表并列，D表同时发生，均不符。] 2．A.smarter B．more obedient C．more troublesome D．stronger C　[后文“chewed...dug...got stuck”具体举例调皮行为，必须选负面程度形容词。B与事实相反，A/D与举例无关。] 3．A.loyalty B．strength C．curiosity D．speed A　[救主行为体现核心品质，后文“barking until help arrived”强调坚持而非B/D的物理能力，C与紧急情境矛盾。] 4．A.nature B．limit C．appearance D．weakness A　[前文救主事件揭示“真实本性”，与第一段“intelligence”形成品质呼应。B/D负面词与主题矛盾，C仅涉及表面特征(外貌)，而上下文需要体现内在品质。] 5．A.separate B．shared C．forgotten D．dangerous B　[总结段强调“their lives”双向影响，必须选体现共同经历的词汇。A/C否定关系，D与事实不符。] 熟词生义是近几年高考不断出现的词汇活用现象。此类题目通常考查单词的语境含义，而不是我们所熟知的教材上所给的意思，甚至词性也不是常见的，而是进行了转化。 [典例剖析]　(2024·新课标Ⅱ) But every time I tried to ________ a sentence of Italian together，the locals smiled at me and praised my language skills. A．string B．hang C．mix D．match 分析　细读本句可知句意为“但每次我试着用意大利语________一个句子时，当地人都会对我微笑，称赞我的语言能力。”对比选项推断只有A项意思合适，因为 string 的熟义是“n.线，细绳，带子”，生义就转化成了动词，意为“串起来”。用在此处非常恰当，因为“我”的意大利语不熟练，只能把单个的单词串成一个句子。故选A。 【技法归纳】 【即时训练】 1．(2023·新课标Ⅰ)On Oct.11，hundreds of runners competed in a cross­country race in Minnesota... Although the two young women were strangers before the ________，they've since become friends. A．ride B．test C．meet D．show C　[结合上文“hundreds of runners competed in a cross­country race”及“the two young women were strangers before”可知，此处表示这两名年轻女子在“比赛(meet)”前是陌生人，但后来成了朋友。meet常见的意思为“相遇，遇见”，在此处的语境中意为“体育比赛，运动会”。故选C。] 2．(2023·全国乙)She had to say goodbye to her two dogs and to the beach，where she loved to ________ waves on her board. A．cause B．observe　 C．ride D．strike C　[由上文“the beach”及下文“waves on her board”可知，她喜欢在海滩上“冲(ride)”浪。本题考查ride 的生义，意为“漂浮”。ride (the) waves 意为“冲浪”。故选C。] 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $