Unit 8 Natural disasters.Lesson5知识清单 2025-2026学年冀教版英语八年级下册

Unit 8 Natural disasters.Lesson5知识清单 Part1核心短语 1 less than 少于 less than 意为“少于”，后接具体数字、时间、数量等，强调“未达到某一数量”，其反义短语为more than, 意思是“超过”，相当于over。 例：The project will take less than a week to finish.完成这个项目只需不到一周的时间。 There are less than 20 students in the classroom.教室里的学生少于 20 人。 2 deal with 处理 deal with“处理；处置”，deal with + 名词（问题、困难、人等），常与疑问副词how 连用。do with 意为“处理；处置”，常与疑问代词what 连用。 例：The teacher helped me deal with the difficult math problem.老师帮我解决了这道数学难题。 How should I deal with these vegetables? =What should I do with these vegetables? 我应该怎么处理这些蔬菜？ 3 lead to导致 例：If people do not deal with them properly, it will lead to greater disasters. 4 in times of“在……的时候；在……时期；当……发生时” 例：From this incident, we can learn much about how to respond in times of danger. 5 at the same time 意为“同时；与此同时；然而；不过(用于引出似乎矛盾的观点、事实等 )” 。 例：He opened the door at the same time. Part2 核心句式 1 The moment you feel the disaster coming, you should act without thinking twice. 你一感觉到灾难来临，就应该毫不犹豫地行动。 (1)分析结构: 这是一个含时间状语从句的复合句。逗号之前的是时间状语从句，引导词The moment 相当于As soon as，意为“一……就……”。主句结构：you 主语+ should act 谓语+ without thinking twice(介词短语作状语，意为“毫不犹豫地”)。 (2)时间状语从句引导词：the moment = as soon as = the minute，均表示“一……就……”，强调动作的即时性。feel 的复合宾语结构：feel + 宾语 + 现在分词(表示正在进行的动作)。 例：The moment the alarm rings, everyone must leave the building immediately. 警报一响，所有人必须立刻离开大楼。 She called for help the moment she saw the fire.她一看到火情就呼救了。 2 Practice often so you don’t have to stop to think during a real emergency. 长难句分析：这是一个复合句。主句是一个祈使句，Practice 是谓语，often 是状语。so you don’t have to stop to think during a real emergency 是so 引导的目的状语从句。 3 When the building began to shake, a teacher at Fengcun School shouted to his students, “Earthquake! Run!” 长难句分析：这是一个复合句。主句主语是a teacher，谓语是shouted to，宾语是his students，Earthquake! Run! 是直接引语，是老师呼喊的具体内容。When the building began to shake 是时间状语从句。 4 All the students bent down, covered their heads with their hands, and quickly left the building from the front door in order. Amazingly, they all made it safely within just seven seconds, without any injuries. (1)in order“有序地；按顺序地” in order to“为了；以便” (2)second 作名词，意为“秒；片刻；瞬间” second 作序数词，意为“第二(的)” 5 The water could have a deep impact on sea life and the environment. People living in coastal areas around the world are worried. (1)have a deep impact on对……有很深的影响 (2)living in coastal area现在分词短语作后置定语，与people 在逻辑上构成主动关系。 6 Tsunami waves hit the coastal area less than half an hour later. half 意为“一半的”，作形容词。half an/a +名词，意为“半个……”。half an hour 半个小时；half a day 半天；half an apple 半个苹果 7 It is everyone’s responsibility to take action to reduce disasters or secondary disasters. 长难句分析：这是一个主系表结构的简单句。It是形式主语；is是系动词；everyone’s responsibility是表语。to take action to reduce disasters or secondary disasters动词不定式短语是真正的主语，to reduce disasters or secondary disasters 是另一个动词不定式短语，作目的状语。 Part3 单元语法 派生词 所谓派生词，即在原词上加前缀或后缀构成另一个与原意略有不同或截然相反的词。 考点1 派生词前缀 一般不造成词性的转变，而只引起意思上的变化，前缀中有相当一部分可构成反义词 例：un—unhappy 不高兴的；dis—dislike 不喜欢；im—impossible 不可能的 考点2 后缀 (1) 构成名词的后缀常用的有：-er，-or，-ist，-ness，-ment，-tion，-ess，-ing 等 例：illness 疾病；government 政府；actress 女演员；meeting 会议 (2) 构成形容词的后缀常用的有：-ful，-less，-able，-ous，-y 等 例：helpful 有用的；cloudy 多云的；enjoyable 令人愉快的；dangerous 危险的；careless 粗心的 (3) 构成副词的后缀常用的有：-ly 例：slowly 缓慢地；easily 容易地 转化词 1. 名词转化为动词： water 水→ water 浇水；plant 植物→ plant 种植 2. 形容词转化为动词： cool 凉爽的→ cool(使)变凉、冷却；dry 干燥的→ dry(使)变干 3. 动词转化为名词： look 看；瞧→ look 看；瞧；swim 游泳→ swim 游泳 Part4 单元写作 【单元主题】 本单元的写作主题是“自然灾害和防范”，一般涉及以下几个方面：(1)描述某类自然灾害的特点与影响 (2)给出特定场景下的防灾建议 (3)叙述一次灾害经历或模拟逃生过程等。 【写作模板】 自然灾害 第一步，介绍这次自然灾害的结果； 第二步，介绍我们国家是如何应对这次自然灾害的； 第三步，介绍作为学生应该做什么。 【重点句子】 一、开头段 ① Earthquakes always happen suddenly, so it is difficult to warn people about them. ② Disastrous heavy rains occurred in our hometown. ③ In December 2023, some parts of our country experienced a heavy snowstorm. 二、中间段 ① When you’re inside, you mustn’t jump out of high buildings. ② You should stay away from windows and heavy furniture. ③ The snowstorm was a challenge, but with everyone’s effort, we overcame it. ④ What’s more, you must keep calm, be brave and helpful. ⑤ And they did their best to fight against... ⑥ Many trees fell down, blocking the roads and destroying power lines. ⑦ Our country took quick action to deal with the snowstorm. ⑧ When you are outside, you’d better keep away from... 三、结尾段 ① After a long time, everything went on very well. ② As students, we should also do our part. ③ We should learn to understand how to deal with natural disasters. 【经典例题】 2023年12月，我们国家的部分地区遭遇了多年不遇的罕见暴雪。请以“The Snowstorm”为题，根据提示并结合所学内容，写一篇不少于80词的英语作文。 提示词： experience，destroy(破坏)，fall down，traffic(交通)，send ①What was the result of the snowstorm? ②What did our country do with the snowstorm? ③What should we do as a student? 精彩范文展示 The Snowstorm In December 2023, some parts of our country experienced a heavy snowstorm that was rarely seen before. Many trees fell down, blocking the roads and destroying power lines. The traffic was seriously affected, and many people had to stay at home. Our country took quick action to deal with the snowstorm. The government sent rescue teams to clear the roads and restore the power supply. They also provided food and warm clothes for those in need. As students, we should also do our part. We can help clear the snow in our neighborhood or volunteer to help those affected. We should learn to understand how to deal with natural disasters. The snowstorm was a challenge, but with everyone’s effort, we overcame it. 【实战演练】 自然灾害时有发生，而且发生得很突然，很难预警。请你以“地震”为主题，根据以下提示写一篇主题报告，给同学们提供一些地震逃生的建议。 Inside Outside *Don’t jump out of high buildings. *Stay away from bridges ... *Hide under the table, but stay away from ... *If you are in a car, stay inside. *When the ground stops shaking, ... *In the mountains, be careful of ... Stay calm, be brave ... 注意事项： 1. 短文词数：不少于80。 2. 短文必须包含以上内容，但可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 3.文中不得出现真实的人名和地名。 What to do in an earthquake _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 范文参考 What to do in an earthquake Earthquakes always happen suddenly, so it is difficult to warn people about them. Here is some advice for you to keep safe. When you’re inside, you mustn’t jump out of high buildings. You can hide under a table. And you should stay away from windows and heavy furniture. You’d better leave the building quickly when the ground stops shaking. But don’t use the lifts. When you are outside, you’d better keep away from bridges, trees, street lights or power lines. When you’re in a car or on a bus, you should stay inside. When you are in the mountains, you should be careful of falling rocks. What’s more, you must keep calm, be brave and be helpful. If you follow the advice, you can be safe and help save others. 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $