内容正文:
Period 3
本单元的语法项目:过去分词作表语和状语
教材原句回放
1.The next day was clear and mild,and
they were pleased to see the beautiful moun-
tains looking out over the city.
2.However,they did not anticipate seeing
such an open country,and were truly amazed.
3.Standing in the distance,they were as-
tonished to see misty clouds rising from the
great Niagara Falls.
4.Seen from the train window,the
mountains and forests of Canada looked mas-
sive
一、过去分词作表语
1.过去分词可放在连系动词be,get,
feel,remain,seem,look,become等之后作表
语,表示主语所处的情绪或状态。
He seemed quite delighted at the news.
听到那个消息他似乎很高兴。
2.过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别:
“be+过去分词”表示状态时,是系表结构,
此时分词通常已形容词化;“be+过去分词”
表示动作时,是被动语态,且绝大多数被动
结构中的动作执行者由介词by引出。
The book is well written.
这本书写得很好。
The book was written by his father.
这本书是他父亲写的。
3.英语中有很多与感觉有关的使令动
词,其现在分词表示主动意义,即“令人…
Unit 4 JOURNEY ACROSS A VAST LAND
Grammar
的”,多用来修饰物;其过去分词表示被动
意义,即“感到…的”,多用来修饰人、
人的声音或表情等。常用的这类词:
interesting令人感兴趣的
interested感兴趣的
inspiring令人鼓舞的
inspired受鼓舞的
encouraging令人鼓舞的
encouraged受鼓舞的
pleasing令人高兴的
pleased感到满意的
satisfying令人满意的
satisfied感到满意的
exciting令人激动的
excited激动的,兴奋的
astonishing令人惊讶的
astonished感到惊讶的
moving感人的
moved受感动的
puzzling令人迷惑的
puzzled感到迷惑的
tiring令人疲惫的
tired疲倦的
worrying令人担心的
worried感到担心的
disappointing令人失望的
disappointed感到失望的
frightening令人害怕的
frightened受惊的
She felt relaxed when she was sitting on
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高中英语选择性必修第二册(人教版)
the sofa and watching TV.How relaxing her
lifestyle was!
当她坐在沙发上看电视的时候,她感到
很放松。她的生活是多么惬意啊!
He is very disappointed at the disappoint-
ing news that his mother has to stay in Japan
during the Spring Festival.
对于他的妈妈春节期间必须留在日本这
个令人失望的消息,他感到非常失望。
4.有些使令动词,如dress,seat,absorb
等,其过去分词无论作定语还是表语,都无
被动的意思。因为dress oneself in等于be
dressed in,seat oneself in等于be seated on,
absorb oneself in等于be absorbed in。这种
现象源于反身代词的用法:主语和宾语同为
一人,主语是动作的发出者,又是动作的承
受者,这就出现了被动语态或过去分词不表
示“被动”的语言现象。
Please remain seated.The winner of the
prize will be announced soon.
请坐好。即将公布这个奖项的获奖者。
二、过去分词作状语
1.过去分词作状语,表示动作发生的背
景或情况,其逻辑主语即是句子的主语。过
去分词在句中作状语可以表示时间、条件、
方式或伴随、让步、原因等。
(1)表示时间:过去分词作时间状语,
相当于一个时间状语从句。
When he was asked about his impression
of the apartment,he made no answer.
Asked about his impression of the apart-
ment,he made no answer.
当被问到对这间公寓的印象,他没有
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回答。
(2)表示条件:过去分词作条件状语,
相当于一个条件状语从句。
If we are united,we stand;if we are di-
vided,we fall.
United,we stand;divided,we fall.
团结则存,分裂则亡。
(3)表示方式或伴随:过去分词作方式
状语或伴随状语,可以转换成一个并列句。
The boy slid out of his room and was
followed by his pet dog.
The boy slid out of his room,followed by
his pet dog.
这个男孩溜出了他的房间,后面跟着他
的小狗。
(4)表示让步:过去分词作让步状语,
相当于一个让步状语从句。
Though he was rejected many times,the
man didn't lose heart.
Rejected many times,the man didn't lose
heart.
尽管被多次拒绝,这个男人没有灰心
丧气。
(5)表示原因:过去分词作原因状语,
相当于一个原因状语从句。
Because he was seriously injured,he had
to be taken to the hospital.
Seriously injured,he had to be taken to
the hospital.
因为受伤严重,他不得不被送进医院。
2.过去分词作状语,前面可以带有相应
的连词,如when,until,.though,although,as
if,as though,if,unless等,表时间、让步、
方式、条件等。
Though surprised to see us,the professor
gave us a warm welcome.
虽然教授非常意外看到我们,但还是给
予了我们热情的欢迎。
3.过去分词作状语,句子主语与过去分
词之间存在被动关系,跟现在分词之间存在
Unit 4 JOURNEY ACROSS A VAST LAND
主动关系。
4.过去分词作状语,分词的逻辑主语与
句子的主语要一致。如果主语不一致,要在
分词前加上逻辑主语,构成独立主格结构。
Her work done,she sat down for a cup of
tea.
她完成了工作,坐下来喝一杯茶。
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