Unit4 Adversity and Courage Reading and Thinking预习学案 2025-2026学年高二下学期人教版英语选择性必修第三册

Unit4 adversity and courage Reading and thinking 预习学案 单元词汇表 (Words and Expressions) 速记·重点词汇——牢记词形和词义 1. wage n. __________ 2.__________ - adv. & prep. 上(船、飞机、公共汽车等) 3.__________vi. 沉没；下沉；下降 vt. 使下沉；使沉没 4.__________ vt. 舍弃；抛弃；放弃 5. __________adj. 真正的；真诚的；可信赖的 6. recreation n.__________ 7. __________n. 发动机；马达 adj. 有引擎的；机动车的 8. candidate n.__________ 9. __________n. 动机；原因；目的 10. __________vi. & n. (狗)吠叫；吠叫声 运用·语境填空——测试一下基本功 1. The broken bike was found ______ (abandon) by the river. 2. When the girl saw a dog ______ (bark) there, she daren’t enter the yard. 3. After the strict interview, only two ______ (candidate) are qualified for the position. 4. Tom is ______ (genuine) appreciative of all the success he’s had. 5. When the boat ______ (sink), they had to swim quickly. 6. His ______ (recreation) include golf, football and shooting. 7. Are you satisfied with your present ______ (wage)? 8. The plane has two ______ (motor). 速记·派生词汇——牢记词形和词义 1. enthusiastic adj. 热情的；热心的 → ______ n. 热心，热情 → ______ adv. 热情地，热心地 2. assign vt. 分配；布置；分配 → ______ n. 分配，任务 3. envy n. & vt. 羡慕；妒忌 → ______ adj. 羡慕的，妒忌的 4. resolve vi. & vt. 决定；决心；解决（问题或困难） → ______ n. 决心；坚定的信念 → ______ n. 决议；解决；坚定 5. fortunate adj. 幸运的 → ______ adv. 幸运地 → ______ adj. 不幸地；遗憾地 → ______ adj. 不幸的，遗憾的 6. advertise vt. & vi. 公布；宣传；做广告 →__________ n. 广告活动；广告业 →__________ n. 广告 7. guide v. 指导，引导 n. 导游→__________n. 指导；引导；导航 8. commit vt. 犯罪，做错事，承诺，保证 →__________ adj. 坚定的；坚信的；尽心尽力的 → __________ n. 承诺；保证；奉献 运用·语境填空——测试一下基本功 1. She is in Greece on an ______ (assign) for one of the Sunday newspapers. 2. You will reach your final goal under the ______ (guide) of the wise man. 3. The ______ (advertise) agency has lost several of its most important clients. 4. The company’s ______ (commit) made the villagers more relieved. 5. Unfortunately, the two boys were both injured in the accident. 6. They have failed to comply with the ______ (resolve). 7. The good-tempered lady admitted our request with ______ (enthusiastic). 8. All of us are ______ (envy) of our monitor who is full of vigour. 速记·重点短语——记住搭配和意义 1. __________拒绝（某人） 2. __________生火 3. __________放出（热、光、气味或气体） 4. __________出发，动身，引起，使爆炸 5. __________每况愈下 6. __________坚持；不挂断电话 运用·语境填空 1. He managed to ______ until help arrived. 2. Those flowers look pretty and ______ a nice smell. 3. When I was young, I saw people use branches to ______. 4. Determined to make his fortune in Southern America, he ______ for New Orleans last year. 5. Barry had to ______ the invitation to the party last weekend because he was too busy. 词汇联想 1. wage n. 工资 [联想] income n. 收入 profit n. 赢利，利润 salary n. 报酬 pay n. 报酬 raise n. 加薪 bonus n. 奖金 2. bitter adj. 严寒的；激烈而不愉快的；痛苦的 [联想] sour adj. 酸的 spicy adj. 有香料的；用香料调味的 sweet adj. 甜的 salty adj. 咸的 3. motive n. 动机；原因；目的 [联想] motivate v. 使有动力；激发；鼓励 motivation n. 动机；原因；积极性 4. rugby n. 橄榄球运动 [联想] golf n. 高尔夫球 volleyball n. 排球运动 baseball n. 棒球运动 football/soccer n. 足球运动 bowling n. 保龄球运动 cricket n. 板球（运动） badminton n. 羽毛球运动 basketball n. 篮球运动 tennis n. 网球 5. aboard adv. & prep. 上（船、飞机、公共汽车等） [联想] abroad adv. 在国外；到国外 board vi. & vt. 上船（或火车、飞机、公共汽车等）；寄宿 n. 木板；膳食；董事会 broad adj. 广阔的；宽阔的；广泛的；概括的 课文整体阅读 (Reading and Thinking) Task 1 整体理解 Read the text quickly and choose the best answer to each question. 1. What’s the text mainly about? A. Perce Blackborow admired Shackleton very much. B. Shackleton took Perce Blackborow to the ship. C. Perce Blackborow’s diary entries about the great expedition. D. Perce Blackborow missed his mother very much. 2. What’s the main idea of Diary 3? A. How Shackleton and his crew members abandoned the ship Endurance. B. The crew members’ life on Elephant Island. C. How the author joined the Endurance expedition. D. What happened to the ship on the journey. Task 2 细节理解 Read the text carefully and choose the best answer to each question. 1. When Perce Blackborow was assigned to be a steward at first, he was ______. A. angry and disappointed B. satisfied and excited C. hopeless and disappointed D. worried and angry 2. Why did Shackleton allow Hussey to keep his banjo? A. Because the banjo was valuable. B. Because Shackleton liked the banjo. C. Because Hussey could play it to keep their spirits up. D. Because the banjo was small. 3. We can learn from the text that Ernest Shackleton was ______. A. strong-minded and selfless B. strong-minded but selfish C. greedy and cruel D. stubborn and selfish Task 3 多维探究 Answer the following questions. 1. How do you interpret the title “A SUCCESSFUL FAILURE”? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Supposing you are Perce Blackborow, please write Diary 4 after you were rescued and survived. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 课文精粹 一词多义 1. blanket n. 毯子；覆盖层；笼罩 v. 以……覆盖 ①（教材原句）Before we abandoned the ship, Shackleton calmly called us together and told us to rescue our most essential supplies—the small boats, our food, the cook stove, candles, clothes, and blankets. ______ ② The town was covered in a thick blanket of fog.______ ③ Snow soon blanketed the frozen ground.______ 2. decent adj. 相当不错的；正派的；得体的；公平的 ①（教材原句）I try to think of happier things; decent food, warm and dry clothes, a cosy bedroom, sunny days, and my mother’s face...______ ② Everyone said he was a decent guy. ______ 长难语句 1. (学会断句) Shackleton was one of the most famous explorers of his day/and it was considered a great honour/to be part of his expeditions. [分析] 此句是一个______句。and为______连接两个简单句；it was considered a great honour to be part of his expeditions中，it为______，后面的______为真正的主语。 [翻译] __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. (学会断句) However, when I applied to join the expedition, Shackleton turned me down because he thought/I was too young/and wasn’t qualified. [分析] 此句是一个复合句。Shackleton turned me down 为______；when 引导______从句；because 引导______从句。其中 I was too young and wasn’t qualified 为______的______从句。 [翻译] __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. (学会断句) How everyone will envy me/when I come back/and tell them about the amazing places/I have been to! [分析] 此句是一个复合句，并且是一个感叹句。How everyone will envy me 为主句；when 引导______从句，其中 I have been to 为省略了关系代词 that/which 的______从句，修饰先行词 the amazing places。 [翻译] __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 写作佳句积累 1. (应用文佳句) At the age of 19, I am fit and full of vigour. 19岁的时候，我身体健康，充满活力。 2. (续写佳句) The ice froze around us and we were well and truly stuck! 冰把我们周围都冻住了，我们彻底被卡住了！ 3. (续写佳句) And when the ship sank, our hearts sank with it. 船沉了，我们的心情也跟着低落起来。 精彩片段背诵 I feel low. It’s cold and windy. The island has no plants. Sometimes we are able to catch a seal or a penguin to eat. Otherwise, there is no food. I try to think of happier things: decent food, warm and dry clothes, a cosy bedroom, sunny days, and my mother’s face... However, these happy memories are soon interrupted by a sudden cold rush of air. 语言知识训练 (Reading and Thinking) 核心词汇 1. turn sb. down 拒绝 (某人) | turn to | 求助于；翻到 (书的某页) | | turn in | 上交 | turn on | 打开 (水、煤气、电灯等) | | turn off | 关上 (水、煤气、电灯等) | | turn out | 结果是；证明是 | | turn up | 开大；出现；露面 | | turn over | 翻转 | [即学即练] — 单句语法填空/一句多译 ① He promised to come today, but he hasn’t turned ______ yet. ② I don’t understand why they turned ______ my suggestion. ③ Having undergone something miserable, he did not fall asleep, turning ______ in bed from time to time. ④ 结果是这项工作比我们想的要难。 a. The job__________________________________ b. It_______________________________________ 2. enthusiastic adj. 热情的；热心的 (1) be enthusiastic about 对……热心，热衷于…… (2) enthusiasm n. 热情；热心；热衷的事物 [即学即练] — 单句语法填空/完成句子 ① He is enthusiastic ______ helping others. ② She seemed lacking in ______ (enthusiastic) when we were talking about that film. ③ 我不仅热情而且容易相处，这使得我适合报纸上所刊登的志愿者工作。 __________________________________________________________________________ which makes me qualified for the voluntary work advertised in the newspaper. 3. assign vt. 分派；布置；分配 (1) assign sb sth = assign sth to sb 给某人分配/布置某事 assign sb to do... 分派某人做...... 确定（价值、功能、时间、地点） (2) assignment n. 分配；任务；功课；委派 [即学即练] 单句语法填空/一句多译 ① He is the best man who can finish the ______ (assign). ② I had read the book ______ (assign) by the teacher several times, and it did make sense to me. ③ 老师给每个孩子都布置了不同的作业。 a. The teacher assigned ______________________________________. b. The teacher assigned ______________________________________. 4. envy n. & vt. 羡慕；妒忌 (1) out of envy 出于羡慕/妒忌 with envy 羡慕地；妒忌地 green with envy 妒忌地眼红；十分羡慕/妒忌 (2) envy sb (doing) sth 羡慕/妒忌某人（做）某事 (3)envious 羡慕的；妒忌的 Be envious of 羡慕，嫉妒 [即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子 ① Honestly speaking, I do envy you ______ (get) the title of the Excellent Graduate and I should follow your example. ②He is envious _____my new car and wants one like it. ③我们都知道他对他的态度是出于羡慕。 We all know that his attitude towards him ___________. 5. abandon vt. 舍弃；抛弃；放弃 (1) abandon one’s hope/plan/idea 放弃某人的希望/计划/主意 abandon oneself to... 沉湎于（某种情感）；陷入 abandon doing sth 放弃做某事 (2) abandon n. 放任；放纵 with abandon 放纵地，放任地 (3) abandoned adj. 被遗弃的；放纵的 [即学即练] 单句语法填空/句式升级 ① They abandoned ______ (carry) out the plan for lack of money. ② He owned a farm, which looked almost ______ (abandon). ③ The father is trying his best to prevent his son from abandoning ______ (he) to the Internet. ④ As he abandoned himself to drinking, he got laid off. ⑤ _______________________________, he got laidoff.（动词-ing形式短语作状语） ⑥ _______________________________, he got laidoff.（过去分词短语作状语） 6. resolve vi. & vt. 决定；决心；解决（问题或困难）n. 决心；坚定的信念 (1) resolve to do sth 决定做某事 resolve on 决定/决心... (2) resolution n. 决议；解决；坚定 [即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子 ① We must find a way ______ (resolve) these problems before it’s too late. ② Once she has made a ______ (resolve) to do it, you won’t get her to change her mind. ③ 我已经决定把这项最具挑战性的任务分配给汤姆——一个既勤奋又热情的人。 I ______ the most challenging task ______ Tom – a hard-working and enthusiastic man. 句法句式 1.完全倒装结构 [教材P38] Below are some of Blackborow’s diary entries. 以下是一些布莱克博罗的日记。 完全倒装句： (1) 当表语是分词、副词、形容词（短语）、介词短语，而主语比较长且主语是名词时，为了保持平衡或强调表语，常把表语放在句首，引起句子完全倒装。 句型结构为：分词/副词/形容词（短语）/介词短语 + be + 主语。 (2) 表示处所、时间、方位等的副词或介词，如 here, there, now, then, up, down, in, out, off 等放在句首，主语是名词，且谓语动词是 be, lie, sit, stand, come, go, exist, live, rush 等不及物动词时，句子用完全倒装。 (3) there be 句型也属于一种完全倒装。该句型中的 be 可以替换成表示“存在”的动词，如 live, exist, lie, stand, seem, rise, remain, happen, come, go 等。句型结构为：there + 存在类动词 + 主语。 [即学即练] 单词语法填空/句式升级 ① Here ______ (be) some practical suggestions on how to promote the campus cultural construction. ② Next ______ (come) the moment when I asked them to have a try themselves. ③ By the door ______ (stand) an armed guard. ④ On the seaside along the South Coast Highway ______ (be) many other guests. → On the seaside along the South Coast Highway ______ （分词作定语；完全倒装）. 2. “too...to...” 结构 [教材P38] After we arrived, Shackleton left us to find help on South Georgia Island, 1,320 kilometres away – the voyage was too dangerous and difficult for all of us to make it in our small boats. 我们到达后不久，沙克尔顿就离开了我们，前往1320公里外的南乔治亚岛寻求帮助——这次航行太危险、太困难，我们所有人无法都乘坐小船到达那里。 [句式分析] 本句为复合句。after 引导时间状语从句，后面为主句部分，主句中含有 too...to... 结构，意为“太……而不能”。 It was too difficult for me to pull my head out of the giant pumpkin. Hence, I was too eager to turn to my father for assistance. 这对我来说把我的头从巨大的南瓜中拔出来太难了。因此，我急于向父亲寻求帮助。 (1) “too + adj./adv. (+ for sb.) + to do sth.” 表示否定意义，意为“太……而（某人）不能……”。 (2) 当 too...to... 用来修饰表达人的态度、情绪倾向的形容词，如 anxious, eager, glad, happy, pleased, ready, willing 等时，不定式表肯定意义。 (3) can’t/can never... too... 意为“再怎么……也不为过”。 [即学即练] 单句语法填空/句式升级 ① The task he assigned to me was too difficult for me ______ (finish) before the deadline. ② I am too glad ______ (learn) that you have won first prize in the contest, so I’m writing to convey my sincere congratulations. ③ You must be very careful when you do your homework. → You ________________ when you do your homework. (can’t ... too ...) 速记·派生词汇——牢记词形和词义 1. enthusiasm; enthusiastically 2. assignment 3. envious 4. resolution 5. fortunately; unfortunately; unfortunate 6. advertising; advertisement 7. guidance 8. committed; commitment 运用·语境填空——测试一下基本功 1. abandoned 2. barking 3. candidates 4. genuinely 5. sank 6. recreations 7. wages 8. motors 速记·重点短语——记住搭配和意义 1. turn sb down 2. make fire 3. give off 4. set off 5. from bad to worse 6. hold on 运用·语境填空——测试一下基本功 1. hold on 2. give off 3. make fire 4. set off 5. turn down 课文理解 Task 1 整体理解 1-2 C B Task 2 细节理解 1-3 B C A Task 3 多维探究 略 课文精粹 一词多义 1. ① n. 毯子 ② n. 覆盖层 ③ v. 以……覆盖 2. ① 相当不错的 ② 正派的 长难语句 2. 分析： 主句；时间状语；原因状语；that；宾语 翻译： 沙克尔顿是他那个时代最著名的探险家之一，参加他的探险活动被认为是一种极大的荣誉。 翻译： 然而，当我申请加入探险队时，沙克尔顿拒绝了我，因为他认为我太年轻，不合格。 3. 分析： 时间状语；定语 翻译： 当我回来告诉你们我去过的那些神奇的地方时，大家会多么羡慕我啊！ 核心词汇 1. ① up ② down ③ over ④ turned out to be harder than we thought 2. ① about ② enthusiasm ③ Not only enthusiastic but also easy to get along with 3. ① assignment ② assigned ③ a different task to each of the children; each of the children a different task 4. ① getting ② envy ③ green with envy 5. ①carrying ②abandoned ③himself ④ Abandoning himself to drinking; Abandoned to drinking 6. ① to resolve ② resolution ③ have resolved to assign 句法句式 1. ① are ② came ③ stands ④ sits the Grand Hotel opened in 1990 2. ① to finish ② to learn ③ can’t be too careful 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $