专题03 阅读理解（说明文）（河南专用）2026年中考英语一模分类汇编

专题03 阅读理解（说明文） 主题01 人与社会——家乡变化 （2026·河南洛阳·一模）Li Ming was born in a small village in Henan. He finds great changes have taken place in his hometown. In the past, Li Ming’s hometown was a small village. Most houses were low and small. They were made of mud and bricks. There were only a few narrow dirt roads in the village. When it rained, the roads became muddy and hard to walk on. There were no supermarkets or shopping malls, so villagers bought daily things in small local shops. Children usually played games like hide-and-seek or flew kites in the fields because there were no parks or entertainment centers. The school was also simple, with only a few classrooms and old desks. Now, Li Ming’s hometown has turned into a lively town. Many high-rise buildings have been built, and most families live in comfortable apartments. The narrow dirt roads have been replaced by wide and clean roads. There are several large supermarkets, shopping malls and a big cinema. People can buy all kinds of things easily and watch the latest movies in their free time. A beautiful park has been built by the river, where people can walk, exercise or have picnics. The school has been rebuilt, too—it has modern classrooms, a big library and a sports field. What’s more, the internet is popular in every family. People can shop online, talk with friends far away and learn new things through the internet. However, some problems also appear with the changes. The number of cars has increased a lot, which brings more air pollution. Some old traditions of the hometown are gradually forgotten by young people. To solve these problems, the local government has planted more trees to improve the environment and organized traditional culture activities regularly to help young people know more about hometown traditions. Li Ming believes his hometown will solve the problems completely and have a better future. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 1．What were the houses in Li Ming’s hometown made of in the past? A．Steel and stones. B．Steel and bricks. C．Wood and bricks. D．Mud and bricks. 2．Where did the villagers in Li Ming’s hometown usually buy daily things in the past? A．In large supermarkets. B．In shopping malls. C．In small local shops. D．On the internet. 3．What are the roads like in Li Ming’s hometown now? A．Narrow and dirty. B．Wide and clean. C．Narrow but clean. D．Wide but dirty. 4．What’s the main idea of Paragraph 4? A．The problems and actions to solve them in Li Ming’s hometown. B．People’s lifestyle in Li Ming’s hometown. C．Communication ways in Li Ming’s hometown. D．People’s living condition in Li Ming’s hometown. 5．What’s the best title for the text? A．The Interesting Stories of Li Ming’s Hometown B．Li Ming’s Village Dream C．The Great Changes in Li Ming’s Hometown D．The Future of Li Ming’s Hometown 主题02 人与社会——科学技术 Passage 1 （2026·河南驻马店·一模）As the weather gets warmer, what do you want to do for fun? It’s the perfect time to plan a day at the beach. At the beach, you can enjoy activities like swimming, surfing and building something in the sand. However, it’s important to keep beach safety in mind. Now there is a new AI water management system (管理系统) that can help prevent drownings (溺水). Sightbit, a new safety program, which was developed by a company, can be used to help save lives. This program was created after its creator saw someone drowning in the Dead Sea. He believed this could be stopped and then he started working on this technology. The Sightbit system works by using cameras at the beach to read the situations in the water. The AI is able to watch the videos and find dangers. For example, it can tell when the waves (海浪) are dangerous or if someone is in trouble in the water. The system can also tell the difference between adults, children and different kinds of boats. This information helps rescuers know where and when someone needs help. Then they will receive warnings on devices (设备) like smartphones or smartwatches. In this way, they can act quickly to stop accidents. Now this technology is used on many beaches around the world, and in both public and private places. The creator’s goal is to let every beach be a safe place where people can enjoy their time without worries. This technology shows how science and caring for others can make a big difference in keeping us safe while we are having fun. It’s a great example of what can be achieved when we use new ideas to solve real-world problems. 1．How does the writer lead into the topic “beach safety” in Paragraph 1? A．By telling a story. B．By making a survey. C．By listing numbers. D．By asking a question. 2．Why did the creator create this AI water management system? A．Because he hoped to have better water conditions. B．Because he was interested in different kinds of boats. C．Because he wanted to prevent drownings at the beach. D．Because he needed to record the number of people swimming. 3．What does the underlined word “rescuers” mean? A．The persons who watch over beaches to ensure safety. B．The persons who help people to catch fish in the ocean. C．The persons who teach swimming lessons to children and adults. D．The persons who clean the beach and pick up rubbish near water. 4．What do we know from the last paragraph? A．Technology makes us safe but stops us from having fun. B．This technology will be used in many beaches all over the world soon. C．The development of technology comes from solving problems in life. D．The creator of this technology doesn’t want it to be used in private beaches. 5．What is the text mainly about? A．Fun activities at the beach. B．The rules for swimming safety. C．A new AI system improves beach safety. D．Tips for protecting the beach environment. Passage 2 （2026·河南平顶山·一模）Have you ever wondered why your voice sounds different on a recording? This common experience has a science fact behind it. It’s all about how sound moves to your ears. When you speak, sound moves in two ways. First, it moves through the air to your ears. This is how other people hear your voice. Second, it moves through the bones in your head to your inner ears. This is called bone conduction (骨传导). The bones in your head shake as you speak. This makes your voice sound deeper and fuller to yourself. But when you hear your voice on a recording, you’re only hearing the sound that moved through the air. The bone-conducted sound is not there. So your recorded voice sounds higher and, to you, a little strange. This is why singers sometimes put one hand on their ear when they sing. They are trying to hear both the air sound and the bone sound. This helps them sing better. This doesn’t just happen with voices. Think about when you eat hard foods like apples. You hear the crunching (咬碎) sound through your bones too. That’s why your own chewing (咀嚼) sounds much louder to you than to people sitting next to you. They only hear the sound through the air, while you get both air and bone sounds. Scientists find that people usually don’t like their recorded voices at first. Why? Because they’ re not used to them. Your brain likes familiar sounds. The voice you hear through your bones is what you’ve heard your whole life. But after listening a few times, most people get used to it. So next time you hear your recorded voice and think “That doesn’t sound like me!”, remember – it’s not a problem with your phone. It’s just science explaining how your body works! 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 1．How does the writer lead into the topic? A．By asking a question. B．By telling a story. C．By giving an example. D．By showing numbers. 2．What does the underlined word “This” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A．Recording your voice. B．Sound moving through air. C．Other people hearing your voice. D．Sound moving through bones. 3．Which paragraph describes the picture in the text? A．Paragraph 3. B．Paragraph 4. C．Paragraph 5. D．Paragraph 6. 4．Why does your own chewing sound louder to you than to others? A．Because the food is hard. B．Because you have better hearing. C．Because you hear it through your bones. D．Because you chew much louder than others. 5．What is the main purpose of the text? A．To teach how to record voices. B．To compare different kinds of sounds. C．To tell people to like their voices. D．To explain a science fact about sound. Passage 3 （2026·河南新乡·一模）Have you ever thought about how we use sunlight to make electricity? Solar power (太阳能) is a kind of clean energy that never runs out and is changing how we live. Let’s learn how it works and why it’s good. Solar panels (电池板) are made up of many small squares called solar cells (电池). These cells are made from a special material found in sand. When sunlight hits them, they make electricity by moving very small parts inside the material. This is called the sunlight power-making. The electricity made is called DC power (直流电), but our homes use AC power (交流电). To change DC power into AC power, we need to use a tool. Then we can use the electricity for lights, TVs, and other things we use every day. Solar power has many advantages. First, it’s natural. It uses sunlight that will never run out. Second, it’s friendly to the environment as it produces no air pollution. Third, it saves money over time since sunlight is free. Finally, solar panels need little care and can work well for 25 to 30 years. However, solar energy also faces difficulty. Solar panels don’t work at night, and cloudy days reduce their power. To solve this, scientists are developing better systems to store more energy. New materials are also being tested to make panels cheaper and work better. Now people around the world are using solar power in smart ways. Some put many panels together in fields, while others put them on lakes to save land. With new ideas, solar power may become our main energy one day, helping to keep our Earth clean. By using solar power, we’re making a cleaner world. Maybe you’ll help to make solar technology even better when you grow up! 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 1．What are solar cells mainly made from? A．Wood from forests. B．Special materials in sand. C．Electricity from sunlight. D．Plastic things in daily life. 2．Which shows the correct order of solar energy use? a. DC power is produced. b. A tool changes DC power into AC power. c. Sunlight hits solar panels. d. We use the electricity for daily life. A．a→b→c→d B．b→c→a→d C．c→a→b→d D．c→b→a→d 3．How does the writer develop Paragraph 3? A．Advantages — Problems — Methods. B．Problems — Methods — Advantages. C．Methods — Advantages — Problems. D．Advantages — Methods — Problems. 4．What can we infer (推断) from the text? A．Solar power may become a main energy choice in the future. B．Solar energy will take the place of the traditional energy soon. C．Solar power is only suitable for small objects like lights and TVs. D．People in different countries are using solar power in the same way. 5．What is the main purpose of the text? A．To compare different types of energy. B．To encourage us to protect the environment. C．To tell stories about solar energy inventors. D．To explain solar power technology and its value. Passage 4 （2026·河南南阳·一模）There is a special subject called biomimicry (仿生学), which means “copying nature”. Actually, nature is always our best teacher. It teaches us a lot and we learn from it to solve difficulties. For example, in order to increase the speed of the train, researchers tried many ways, but the results were not good. An engineer who also happened to be a birdwatcher got a good idea when watching how a kingfisher (翠鸟) was able to move smoothly between the air and the water. He believed we could remodel (重塑) the nose of the engine using the shape of the kingfisher's mouth to achieve the goal of increasing the speed. The result? Now a special kind of train travels at higher speed than before and uses less energy. Designs inspired (激发) by nature are not new. The Wright brothers created their first plane by studying the flight of birds. But in recent years, teams of engineers and researchers worldwide have been studying the way of winged creatures to come up with designs for even more perfect vehicles. Bird is one of the commonest examples that we learn from nature. Biomimicry can inspire creativity and imagination, improving new inventions. By studying nature's designs and processes, scientists and engineers can develop new technologies and products that are more efficient. They offer lots of possibilities for improving our lives and protecting the environment.   根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 1．How did the engineer come up with the way of increasing the speed of the train? A．By observing bees work together. B．By talking with other engineers. C．By improving the way they tried before. D．By observing how a kingfisher move smoothly. 2．What can we know about the special kind of train according to Paragraph 2? A．It is like the old model. B．The nose of the engine was remodeled. C．It is faster and uses more energy than before. D．It doesn't achieve the goal of increasing the speed. 3．What is the structure of the text? (P＝Paragraph) A． B． C． D． 4．What does the writer want to tell us? A．Birds can't lead to new inventions. B．We should observe animals carefully. C．Kingfishers are the best models for train. D．Some inventions are learned from animals. 5．In which unit of a textbook can the text be found? A．Unit 1 Traffic and Safety B．Unit 2 History and Culture C．Unit 3 Technology and Invention D．Unit 4 Pollution and Protection Passage 5 （2026·河南洛阳·一模）AI technology has been used in many fields and is now playing an increasingly important role in matters of public interest. A group of students at Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) has developed an AI system (系统) that restores (修复) old photos of missing children. Until now, they have been providing technological support for many parents with over 1, 000 restored photos and helped reunite (使重聚) 11 missing children with their families. The team was built by Sheng Jianzhong in 2020, when he was a student at HUST. He first thought to restore photographs of missing children when he saw a missing child notice with an unclear photo. As he was studying digital image processing (数字图像处理), he decided to use his skills to help the parents restore their images. But the system cannot be completed by one person alone. Luckily, many students soon volunteered to join Sheng’s project. After half a year, they developed an image restoration AI system that solved the problem of unclear faces in photographs. A restored image can be produced in just a few minutes. Parents can then print the high-quality images of their missing children onto T-shirts or large posters (海报). In many cases, the team doesn’t directly connect with the families. And sometimes the families don’t even know the team has helped them. “But we still feel satisfied, and we are happy for them,” Sheng said. In the future, Sheng plans to build a better team. “It would use technology to help people who have lost their loved ones, and also encourage more young people to work for public good,” he said. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 1．Who has developed an AI system that restores old photos of missing children? A．A group of students at HUST. B．A group of teachers at HUST. C．A group of missing children. D．A group of parents who lost their children. 2．What made Sheng get the idea of the project? A．A notice he saw. B．A photo of his friend. C．A missing child he knew. D．An activity in his school. 3．Why has the AI technology brought hope to many families? A．Because it saved the printing time of the photos. B．Because it provided large posters for the families. C．Because it had lots of volunteers from local universities. D．Because it increased the possibilities of finding missing people. 4．How do the team members feel although the families don’t know who helped them? A．They feel proud and lucky. B．They feel honest and polite. C．They feel satisfied and happy. D．They feel friendly and humorous. 5．What’s the best title for the text? A．A Missing Photo Helps a Lot B．Public Interest Matters Most C．AI Helps Print the Clear Images D．AI Helps Missing Children Return Home 主题03 人与自然——生态景观与保护环境 Passage 1 （2026·河南洛阳·一模）Do you know Baiyun Mountain? Have you ever been there? Do you know where it is? What is it like? It’s such a wonderful mountain that many visitors fall in love with it and lose themselves in its natural beauty every year. Baiyun Mountain lies in southern Song County, Luoyang, Henan Province. It belongs to the Funiu Mountain Range. Baiyun Mountain covers a total area of 168 square kilometers (about 64.9 square miles). There are 204 types of animals, 1 991 types of plants and 3 000 types of insects in the mountain. At 2 150 meters (about 7 054 feet) above sea level, White Cloud Peak, the main peak (山峰) of Baiyun Mountain, is one of the major peaks in the Funiu Mountain Range. The clouds crowd around the peak, which makes it like a fairyland (仙境) on earth. It’s said that the peak can tell weather changes by the position of the clouds around it. The peak is a flawless place for climbers to search for new things. Little Huangshan is so named because it reminds (使想起) people of the famous Mount Huangshan in Anhui Province. It is famous for its strange rocks as well as Mount Huangshan. The beauty and strangeness of Little Huangshan are amazing. Different rock styles have been given interesting names, such as Couple Stones and Bird’s Nest Stone. The waterfalls are formed by the Baihe River, which originates (发源) from Yuhuangding Peak. With enough water, the river runs downwards and makes waterfalls and deep pools. The Jiulong Waterfall, Qinglong Waterfall, and Heilong Pool are some of the pleasant sights (景点) in this area. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 1．How does the writer start the text? A．By using a saying. B．By telling a story. C．By showing pictures. D．By asking questions. 2．How many kinds of animals are there in Baiyun Mountain? A．204. B．1 991. C．2 150. D．3 000. 3．Which has a similar meaning to the underlined word “flawless”? A．boring B．perfect C．common D．terrible 4．Where does the Baihe River originate? A．From Little Huangshan. B．From Couple Stones. C．From Yuhuangding Peak. D．From Bird’s Nest Stone. 5．What can we learn from the text? A．Baiyun Mountain belongs to the Taihang Mountain Range. B．Little Huangshan in Baiyun Mountain is famous for its strange rocks. C．Baiyun Mountain covers an area of 69.4 square kilometers. D．Baiyun Mountain lies in the north of Song County, Luoyang. Passage 2 （2026·河南商丘·一模）When people talk about making cities better for the environment, green roofs have been around for some time. They are a useful way to solve some big environmental problems in cities. A green roof covers building tops with plants, special soil that stops water, and systems to carry away extra water. Unlike normal roofs, green roofs turn empty space into small, lively places with plants and small animals. They are not just nice to look at. They help make cities cooler, cleaner and more able to face problems. Green roofs have many good effects on the environment, and science supports this. First, they clean the air. Plants take in carbon dioxide (二氧化碳) and give out oxygen (氧气). They also catch harmful small pieces in the air, making the air better and fighting climate change. Second, they reduce city heat. Traditional roofs get very hot in summer, but green roofs stay cool when plants release (散发) water. This saves energy for some machines. Third, they deal with rainwater well. They take in much rain, slowing the flow of water and reducing floods. They also clean bad things in the water. Besides helping the environment, green roofs bring social and economic benefits. They add green space to crowded cities, where parks are few. People can relax or do community activities there, which is good for people’s health and minds. For money matters, they make roofs last longer and increase the value of buildings. Though green roofs cost a lot, as more and more people learn about them, green roofs are becoming more popular. They show that cities can grow while protecting the environment, making our future better. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 1．How does the writer introduce the green roofs in Paragraph 1? A．By using a scientist’s words. B．By telling a story about city life. C．By comparing with normal roofs. D．By using numbers to explain facts. 2．What is a green roof mainly made of? A．Empty space and small animals. B．Normal soil and common plants. C．Traditional roof materials and oxygen. D．Special soil, plants and water-carrying systems. 3．What does the underlined word “flow” mean in Paragraph 2? A．The color of water. B．The smell of water. C．The movement of water. D．The temperature of water. 4．What social benefit do green roofs bring? A．They offer green areas for people to relax. B．They provide a safe place for children to play. C．They create jobs for people to take care of plants. D．They help people make more friends in communities 5．What’s the main idea of the text? A．How to build green roofs in crowded cities. B．The differences between green roofs and normal roofs. C．Why traditional roofs are not good for the environment. D．The environmental, social and economic benefits of green roofs 主题 人与自然——自然现象 Passage 1 （2026·河南濮阳·一模）Do you know light pollution? In modern society, too much light has started to influence the environment. Light pollution is influencing human health and wildlife behaviors. There is a worldwide movement to reduce light pollution, and everyone can help. Light pollution problem became especially serious when the World Map of Night Sky Brightness came out in 2016. Large areas of North America, Europe, the Middle East and Asia are shining with light, while only Siberia, the Sahara, and the Amazon are in total darkness. Man-made light can break natural body rhythms (节奏) in humans badly. An increased amount of light at night lowers melatonin (褪黑素) production, which results in less sleep, headaches, stress and other health problems. Blue light, in particular (尤其) , has been shown to reduce levels of melatonin in humans. It is found in cell phones, other electronic devices and LEDs. Studies show that light pollution is also influencing animal behaviors. Because of light pollution, sea turtles lose their way, and often die when they migrate from one place to another. Even animals living under the deep sea may be influenced by underwater man-made light. Studies show that man-made light is changing ocean ecosystems. The good news is that light pollution is reversible (可逆的) and each one of us can make a difference! Now, many people are taking action to reduce light pollution and bring back the natural night sky. People are required to use outdoor lighting only when and where it is needed. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 1．How does the writer start the text? A．By telling a story. B．By asking a question. C．By using numbers. D．By showing a picture. 2．What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A．Man-made light is bad for people’s health. B．Light pollution problem is not easy to solve. C．Man-made light increases melatonin production. D．Light pollution influences animal behaviors. 3．What does the underlined word “migrate” mean? A．Sleep. B．Eat. C．Drink. D．Move. 4．What’s the structure of the text? A．①/②③/④⑤ B．①/②/③④/⑤ C．①②③/④/⑤ D．①②③④/⑤ 5．In which unit of the textbook can we read the text? A．Unit 1 Art and Music World B．Unit 2 Warm Family Life C．Unit 3 Environmental Protection D．Unit 4 Interesting Folk Legends Passage 2 （2026·河南许昌·一模）Peonies (牡丹) are highly prized flowers native to China. Chinese people started growing them about 2,000 years ago. Peonies have big, colorful flowers with a sweet smell. In traditional Chinese culture, they are a symbol of wealth and good luck. That’s why people have loved them for thousands of years. The Chinese have the tradition of using flowers to describe different characters of people. For example, the plum flower (梅花) is the symbol of people with patience, the lotus flower stands for people who are honest and peaceful, and the chrysanthemum flower (菊花) symbolizes those who don’t care about fame and wealth. Peonies are the symbol of beautiful ladies. Traditionally, Chinese people describe peonies as “guo se tian xiang” (国色天香). During the Qin and Han dynasties, the Herbal Classic of Shen Nong (《神农本草经》) classifies various plants and substances as medicinal herbs (药用草药). Moreover, these herbs are frequently used in traditional Chinese medicine. Their roots, known as “mudanpi,” are used to treat different kinds of ailments, such as fever and pain. During the Sui and Tang dynasties, peonies gradually became the most popular flowers. Liu Yuxi, a poet from the Tang Dynasty, once wrote that “Only peonies are worthy of being called the national beauty; when they bloom, all the capital is in a stir (轰动).” Today, peonies are still one of the most favorite flowers for the Chinese. They are generally in full bloom in late April each year, which is the best time to enjoy these beautiful flowers. 1．What do peonies symbolize in Chinese culture? A．Patience. B．Honesty and peace. C．Wealth and good luck. D．Not caring about fame and wealth. 2．How does the writer mainly organize the text in Paragraph 2? A．Facts → Opinions. B．Descriptions → Examples. C．Reasons → Results. D．Problems→ Solutions. 3．What does the underlined word “ailments” mean in the text? A．Plants. B．Flowers. C．Illnesses. D．Herbs. 4．What did Liu Yuxi want to express in his poem? A．His love for the capital city. B．His love and praise for peonies. C．The beauty of the Tang Dynasty. D．The difficulty of growing peonies. 5．What is the theme (主题) of the text? A．Sports and Health. B．Travel and Transportation. C．Science and Technology. D．Nature and Culture. Passage 3 （2026·河南周口·一模）The ocean is full of mysteries. One of the strangest of these involves an area known as the Bermuda Triangle. It can be seen on a map by drawing lines connecting the islands of Bermuda, Puerto Rico, and Florida. In this area, many ships and planes have vanished. But no one knows exactly why. The earliest reports of ships going missing there came from the middle of the 19th century. People found ships there, but no people were on them. Some ships were never found. Planes also began going missing there in the 20th century. One famous event was about Flight 19. On December 5, 1945, five U.S. Navy planes (海军飞机) flew together. One pilot reported his compass (指南针) was not working correctly. Then, all the pilots got lost. They flew far out over the ocean, and went missing. Even a plane sent to help them also went missing. In the mid-20th century, writers began to write exciting stories about the mysteries there, which made the area sound even more mysterious. Actually, different people have different ideas about the Bermuda Triangle. Some people say aliens did everything. Others think there is something wrong with time and space in the area. Some even believe an old, lost city under the sea called Atlantis is there and that its technology makes ships and planes go missing. However, scientists say the disappearances have normal reasons. They say very bad storms often happen there. Also, the Earth’s magnetic field (磁场) is different in the Bermuda Triangle. This can make compasses show the wrong way. Scientists also say fewer disappearances happen now. This is probably because we have improved technology today to deal with the problems in this area. However, the Bermuda Triangle still makes people ask questions and guess. We may never know all the answers about this mysterious place. 1．What does the underlined word “vanished” in Paragraph 1 mean in Chinese? A．加速 B．失踪 C．聚集 D．相撞 2．What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about? A．The tools used to study the Bermuda Triangle. B．Books and movies about the Bermuda Triangle. C．Stories about disappearances in the Bermuda Triangle. D．The hard work to save lost planes in the Bermuda Triangle. 3．What do scientists think is one reason for the disappearances in the Bermuda Triangle? A．Aliens hide the ships and planes. B．The Earth’s magnetic field is different there. C．An underwater city influences the ships and planes. D．The bad weather makes time and space wrong there. 4．What can we infer from the last paragraph about the Bermuda Triangle? A．Better technology helps avoid all the problems. B．The Bermuda Triangle is now safe for travelers. C．There is still a long way to go to solve the mysteries there. D．People no longer think the Bermuda Triangle is mysterious. 5．Which of the following shows the structure of this passage? A． B． C． D． Passage 4 （2026·河南许昌·一模）Do you still remember the heavy rain in Xuchang last summer? And the heavy snow last winter? We had to stop going to school and work. The roads were very dangerous. These are examples of extreme weather (极端天气). Now, such weather happens more often. It’s important for us to understand why this is happening. The Earth is getting warmer because of activities like burning coal (煤炭) and cutting down trees. This brings more hot days, a lot of rain, and big storms. Such weather can make us feel uncomfortable and even sick. These weather changes can influence our everyday life. For example, heavy rain can flood the roads and force schools and shops to close. Storms can damage (损坏) things like power lines. In the countryside, not enough rain can harm plants and animals. Extreme weather can also bring huge economic costs (经济损失). Repairing the damage caused by storms is very costly. Insurance (保险) also costs more because there is a higher chance of weather damage. As a result, many businesses may face difficulties and some people may even lose their jobs. To improve the situation, we need to take action. We can help by using less energy and recycling more. We can also use clean energy from the sun and wind instead of coal. Besides, we need to prepare for extreme weather: make buildings stronger, set up warning systems and teach people what to do when bad weather arrives. It’s important for everyone to learn about these problems. By learning about climate change and extreme weather, we can make better choices and help create a better future. Remember, every little thing you do matters. Together we can help protect our Earth. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 1．Why does the writer talk about the heavy rain and snow in Xuchang at the beginning? A．To introduce the weather in Xuchang. B．To tell people to stay home on rainy days. C．To lead into the topic of extreme weather. D．To explain why Xuchang has so much rain. 2．Why is the Earth getting warmer? A．People burn coal and cut down trees. B．People plant more trees every year. C．People use more energy from the sun. D．People recycle more things at home. 3．What is the second paragraph mainly about? A．How weather changes influence our everyday life. B．The reasons why the weather is changing. C．The cost of repairing damage from storms. D．How to protect animals and plants. 4．Which of the following is an opinion (观点) according to the passage? A．The Earth is getting warmer because people burn coal and cut down trees. B．In the countryside, if it doesn’t rain enough, it can hurt plants and animals. C．Repairing the damage from storms can be very expensive. D．It is important for everyone, even students, to know about these problems. 5．What is the best title for this passage? A．Facing Extreme Weather Together B．How to Stay Safe in Storms C．The Weather in Xuchang D．Why Students Should Recycle / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $丽学科网 www.zxxk.co 专题03阅读理解 基础 必自 主题01人与社会家乡变化 1.D 2.C3.B 4.A5.C 主题02人与社会一科学技术 Passage 1 1.D2.C3.A4.C5.C Passage 2 1.A2.D3.B4.C5.D Passage 3 1.B2.C3.A4.A5.D Passage 4 1.D2.B3.B4.D5.C Passage 5 1.A2.A3.D4.C5.D 主题03人与自然一生态景观与保护环境 Passage 1 1.D2.A3.B4.C5.B Passage 2 1.C2.D3.C4.A5.D 进阶 主题人与自然一自然现象 Passage 1 1.B2.A3.D4.B5.C Passage 2 1.C2.B3.C4.B5.D Passage 3 1.B2.C3.B4.C5.C 让教与学更高效 (说明文) 7 是升 可学科网 1.C2.A3.B4.D www zxxk.com Passage 4 5.A / 让教与学更高效 专题03 阅读理解（说明文） 主题01 人与社会——家乡变化 （2026·河南洛阳·一模）Li Ming was born in a small village in Henan. He finds great changes have taken place in his hometown. In the past, Li Ming’s hometown was a small village. Most houses were low and small. They were made of mud and bricks. There were only a few narrow dirt roads in the village. When it rained, the roads became muddy and hard to walk on. There were no supermarkets or shopping malls, so villagers bought daily things in small local shops. Children usually played games like hide-and-seek or flew kites in the fields because there were no parks or entertainment centers. The school was also simple, with only a few classrooms and old desks. Now, Li Ming’s hometown has turned into a lively town. Many high-rise buildings have been built, and most families live in comfortable apartments. The narrow dirt roads have been replaced by wide and clean roads. There are several large supermarkets, shopping malls and a big cinema. People can buy all kinds of things easily and watch the latest movies in their free time. A beautiful park has been built by the river, where people can walk, exercise or have picnics. The school has been rebuilt, too—it has modern classrooms, a big library and a sports field. What’s more, the internet is popular in every family. People can shop online, talk with friends far away and learn new things through the internet. However, some problems also appear with the changes. The number of cars has increased a lot, which brings more air pollution. Some old traditions of the hometown are gradually forgotten by young people. To solve these problems, the local government has planted more trees to improve the environment and organized traditional culture activities regularly to help young people know more about hometown traditions. Li Ming believes his hometown will solve the problems completely and have a better future. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 1．What were the houses in Li Ming’s hometown made of in the past? A．Steel and stones. B．Steel and bricks. C．Wood and bricks. D．Mud and bricks. 2．Where did the villagers in Li Ming’s hometown usually buy daily things in the past? A．In large supermarkets. B．In shopping malls. C．In small local shops. D．On the internet. 3．What are the roads like in Li Ming’s hometown now? A．Narrow and dirty. B．Wide and clean. C．Narrow but clean. D．Wide but dirty. 4．What’s the main idea of Paragraph 4? A．The problems and actions to solve them in Li Ming’s hometown. B．People’s lifestyle in Li Ming’s hometown. C．Communication ways in Li Ming’s hometown. D．People’s living condition in Li Ming’s hometown. 5．What’s the best title for the text? A．The Interesting Stories of Li Ming’s Hometown B．Li Ming’s Village Dream C．The Great Changes in Li Ming’s Hometown D．The Future of Li Ming’s Hometown 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．A 5．C 【导语】本文通过李明的视角，对比了河南家乡过去与现在的巨大变化，同时提及发展中出现的问题及政府的解决措施，展现了家乡的发展与未来展望。 1．第二段提到“Most houses were low and small. They were made of mud and bricks.”，可知过去家乡的房子是用泥土和砖块建造的。 2．第二段提到“There were no supermarkets or shopping malls, so villagers bought daily things in small local shops.”，可知过去村民在当地的小商店购买日用品。 3．第三段提到“The narrow dirt roads have been replaced by wide and clean roads.”，可知现在家乡的道路宽阔又干净。 4．第四段开头提到“However, some problems also appear with the changes.”，随后介绍了问题及政府的解决办法，因此该段主旨是家乡出现的问题及解决措施。 5．文章开篇点明“He finds great changes have taken place in his hometown.”，全文围绕家乡的巨大变化展开，因此最佳标题是“李明家乡的巨大变化”。 主题02 人与社会——科学技术 Passage 1 （2026·河南驻马店·一模）As the weather gets warmer, what do you want to do for fun? It’s the perfect time to plan a day at the beach. At the beach, you can enjoy activities like swimming, surfing and building something in the sand. However, it’s important to keep beach safety in mind. Now there is a new AI water management system (管理系统) that can help prevent drownings (溺水). Sightbit, a new safety program, which was developed by a company, can be used to help save lives. This program was created after its creator saw someone drowning in the Dead Sea. He believed this could be stopped and then he started working on this technology. The Sightbit system works by using cameras at the beach to read the situations in the water. The AI is able to watch the videos and find dangers. For example, it can tell when the waves (海浪) are dangerous or if someone is in trouble in the water. The system can also tell the difference between adults, children and different kinds of boats. This information helps rescuers know where and when someone needs help. Then they will receive warnings on devices (设备) like smartphones or smartwatches. In this way, they can act quickly to stop accidents. Now this technology is used on many beaches around the world, and in both public and private places. The creator’s goal is to let every beach be a safe place where people can enjoy their time without worries. This technology shows how science and caring for others can make a big difference in keeping us safe while we are having fun. It’s a great example of what can be achieved when we use new ideas to solve real-world problems. 1．How does the writer lead into the topic “beach safety” in Paragraph 1? A．By telling a story. B．By making a survey. C．By listing numbers. D．By asking a question. 2．Why did the creator create this AI water management system? A．Because he hoped to have better water conditions. B．Because he was interested in different kinds of boats. C．Because he wanted to prevent drownings at the beach. D．Because he needed to record the number of people swimming. 3．What does the underlined word “rescuers” mean? A．The persons who watch over beaches to ensure safety. B．The persons who help people to catch fish in the ocean. C．The persons who teach swimming lessons to children and adults. D．The persons who clean the beach and pick up rubbish near water. 4．What do we know from the last paragraph? A．Technology makes us safe but stops us from having fun. B．This technology will be used in many beaches all over the world soon. C．The development of technology comes from solving problems in life. D．The creator of this technology doesn’t want it to be used in private beaches. 5．What is the text mainly about? A．Fun activities at the beach. B．The rules for swimming safety. C．A new AI system improves beach safety. D．Tips for protecting the beach environment. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 4．C 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇科技说明文，介绍了Sightbit公司开发的AI水域管理系统，该系统通过海滩摄像头监测水域情况，及时发现危险并提醒救援人员，旨在预防溺水事故。 1．第一段以“what do you want to do for fun?”这一问句引出海滩活动，随后转折强调海滩安全的重要性，因此通过提问引入话题。 2．第二段提到“This program was created after its creator saw someone drowning in the Dead Sea. He believed this could be stopped”，说明创作者开发该系统是为了预防海滩溺水。 3．第四段提到“This information helps rescuers know where and when someone needs help.”，结合上下文，“rescuers”指海滩上确保安全的救援人员。 4．最后一段提到“This technology shows how science and caring for others can make a big difference... It’s a great example of what can be achieved when we use new ideas to solve real-world problems.”，说明科技的发展源于解决生活中的问题。 5．全文围绕Sightbit AI水域管理系统展开，介绍了其工作原理、功能和应用，因此主旨是“一个提高海滩安全的新AI系统”。 Passage 2 （2026·河南平顶山·一模）Have you ever wondered why your voice sounds different on a recording? This common experience has a science fact behind it. It’s all about how sound moves to your ears. When you speak, sound moves in two ways. First, it moves through the air to your ears. This is how other people hear your voice. Second, it moves through the bones in your head to your inner ears. This is called bone conduction (骨传导). The bones in your head shake as you speak. This makes your voice sound deeper and fuller to yourself. But when you hear your voice on a recording, you’re only hearing the sound that moved through the air. The bone-conducted sound is not there. So your recorded voice sounds higher and, to you, a little strange. This is why singers sometimes put one hand on their ear when they sing. They are trying to hear both the air sound and the bone sound. This helps them sing better. This doesn’t just happen with voices. Think about when you eat hard foods like apples. You hear the crunching (咬碎) sound through your bones too. That’s why your own chewing (咀嚼) sounds much louder to you than to people sitting next to you. They only hear the sound through the air, while you get both air and bone sounds. Scientists find that people usually don’t like their recorded voices at first. Why? Because they’ re not used to them. Your brain likes familiar sounds. The voice you hear through your bones is what you’ve heard your whole life. But after listening a few times, most people get used to it. So next time you hear your recorded voice and think “That doesn’t sound like me!”, remember – it’s not a problem with your phone. It’s just science explaining how your body works! 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 1．How does the writer lead into the topic? A．By asking a question. B．By telling a story. C．By giving an example. D．By showing numbers. 2．What does the underlined word “This” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A．Recording your voice. B．Sound moving through air. C．Other people hearing your voice. D．Sound moving through bones. 3．Which paragraph describes the picture in the text? A．Paragraph 3. B．Paragraph 4. C．Paragraph 5. D．Paragraph 6. 4．Why does your own chewing sound louder to you than to others? A．Because the food is hard. B．Because you have better hearing. C．Because you hear it through your bones. D．Because you chew much louder than others. 5．What is the main purpose of the text? A．To teach how to record voices. B．To compare different kinds of sounds. C．To tell people to like their voices. D．To explain a science fact about sound. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．B 4．C 5．D 【导语】本文主要介绍了声音传导的两种科学原理，以此解释录音声音不同、咀嚼声更响等日常现象。 1．文章首句“Have you ever wondered why your voice sounds different on a recording?”是一个问句，所以作者引出主题的方式叫“设问引入法”。 2．“This”在第二段“it moves through the bones in your head to your inner ears. This is called bone conduction”, This指代的是前一句的核心内容“声音通过头部骨骼传到内耳”，所以This指代的是骨传导这个过程。 3．文中的图片是一个歌手在用手捂着耳朵唱歌，文中第四段描述了这个场景“This is why singers sometimes put one hand on their ear when they sing”。 4．文中第五段告知原因“You hear the crunching sound through your bones too. That’s why your own chewing sounds much louder to you than to people sitting next to you. They only hear … while you get both air and bone sounds.”，除了通过空气，你也可以通过骨骼听到声音，别人只能通过空气，所以你听到的更响。 5．全文首段引出的核心内容“This common experience has a science fact behind it. It’s all about how sound moves to your ears.”，以及尾段呼应概括的内容“It’s just science explaining how your body works”，和中间围绕声音传导解释日常现象，都是在解释一个声音的科学事实。 Passage 3 （2026·河南新乡·一模）Have you ever thought about how we use sunlight to make electricity? Solar power (太阳能) is a kind of clean energy that never runs out and is changing how we live. Let’s learn how it works and why it’s good. Solar panels (电池板) are made up of many small squares called solar cells (电池). These cells are made from a special material found in sand. When sunlight hits them, they make electricity by moving very small parts inside the material. This is called the sunlight power-making. The electricity made is called DC power (直流电), but our homes use AC power (交流电). To change DC power into AC power, we need to use a tool. Then we can use the electricity for lights, TVs, and other things we use every day. Solar power has many advantages. First, it’s natural. It uses sunlight that will never run out. Second, it’s friendly to the environment as it produces no air pollution. Third, it saves money over time since sunlight is free. Finally, solar panels need little care and can work well for 25 to 30 years. However, solar energy also faces difficulty. Solar panels don’t work at night, and cloudy days reduce their power. To solve this, scientists are developing better systems to store more energy. New materials are also being tested to make panels cheaper and work better. Now people around the world are using solar power in smart ways. Some put many panels together in fields, while others put them on lakes to save land. With new ideas, solar power may become our main energy one day, helping to keep our Earth clean. By using solar power, we’re making a cleaner world. Maybe you’ll help to make solar technology even better when you grow up! 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 1．What are solar cells mainly made from? A．Wood from forests. B．Special materials in sand. C．Electricity from sunlight. D．Plastic things in daily life. 2．Which shows the correct order of solar energy use? a. DC power is produced. b. A tool changes DC power into AC power. c. Sunlight hits solar panels. d. We use the electricity for daily life. A．a→b→c→d B．b→c→a→d C．c→a→b→d D．c→b→a→d 3．How does the writer develop Paragraph 3? A．Advantages — Problems — Methods. B．Problems — Methods — Advantages. C．Methods — Advantages — Problems. D．Advantages — Methods — Problems. 4．What can we infer (推断) from the text? A．Solar power may become a main energy choice in the future. B．Solar energy will take the place of the traditional energy soon. C．Solar power is only suitable for small objects like lights and TVs. D．People in different countries are using solar power in the same way. 5．What is the main purpose of the text? A．To compare different types of energy. B．To encourage us to protect the environment. C．To tell stories about solar energy inventors. D．To explain solar power technology and its value. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．A 5．D 【导语】本文主要介绍了太阳能发电的工作原理，分析了太阳能的优缺点与发展方向，展望了太阳能的应用前景，呼吁年轻人未来助力太阳能技术发展。 1．原文第二段第二句“These cells are made from a special material found in sand.”提到太阳能电池由沙子中提取的特殊材料制成，B选项符合。 2．第二段指出过程：“When sunlight hits them”→“they make electricity…The electricity made is called DC power”→“we need to use a tool”将其转化→“Then we can use the electricity…”，对应顺序为c→a→b→d。 3．第三段先提出优点：“Solar power has many advantages”，接着说明问题：“However, solar energy also faces difficulty”，最后给出解决方法：“To solve this, scientists are developing…”，结构为优点—问题—方法。 4．第四段明确提到“With new ideas, solar power may become our main energy one day, helping to keep our Earth clean.”，和A选项“未来太阳能可能成为主要的能源选择”相符。B选项“很快取代传统能源”、C选项“仅适合小物件”、D选项“各国使用方式相同”都和原文内容矛盾。 5．第一段指出：“Let’s learn how it works and why it’s good.”，后文分别介绍了太阳能的工作原理及其优点和意义，说明文章旨在解释太阳能技术及其价值。 Passage 4 （2026·河南南阳·一模）There is a special subject called biomimicry (仿生学), which means “copying nature”. Actually, nature is always our best teacher. It teaches us a lot and we learn from it to solve difficulties. For example, in order to increase the speed of the train, researchers tried many ways, but the results were not good. An engineer who also happened to be a birdwatcher got a good idea when watching how a kingfisher (翠鸟) was able to move smoothly between the air and the water. He believed we could remodel (重塑) the nose of the engine using the shape of the kingfisher's mouth to achieve the goal of increasing the speed. The result? Now a special kind of train travels at higher speed than before and uses less energy. Designs inspired (激发) by nature are not new. The Wright brothers created their first plane by studying the flight of birds. But in recent years, teams of engineers and researchers worldwide have been studying the way of winged creatures to come up with designs for even more perfect vehicles. Bird is one of the commonest examples that we learn from nature. Biomimicry can inspire creativity and imagination, improving new inventions. By studying nature's designs and processes, scientists and engineers can develop new technologies and products that are more efficient. They offer lots of possibilities for improving our lives and protecting the environment.   根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 1．How did the engineer come up with the way of increasing the speed of the train? A．By observing bees work together. B．By talking with other engineers. C．By improving the way they tried before. D．By observing how a kingfisher move smoothly. 2．What can we know about the special kind of train according to Paragraph 2? A．It is like the old model. B．The nose of the engine was remodeled. C．It is faster and uses more energy than before. D．It doesn't achieve the goal of increasing the speed. 3．What is the structure of the text? (P＝Paragraph) A． B． C． D． 4．What does the writer want to tell us? A．Birds can't lead to new inventions. B．We should observe animals carefully. C．Kingfishers are the best models for train. D．Some inventions are learned from animals. 5．In which unit of a textbook can the text be found? A．Unit 1 Traffic and Safety B．Unit 2 History and Culture C．Unit 3 Technology and Invention D．Unit 4 Pollution and Protection 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．B 4．D 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章围绕仿生学展开，先介绍仿生学的含义，接着通过火车借鉴翠鸟嘴巴形状重塑车头从而提高速度这一具体事例，还提及莱特兄弟受鸟类飞行启发发明飞机等内容。 1．细节理解题。根据“An engineer who also happened to be a birdwatcher got a good idea when watching how a kingfisher as able to move smoothly between the air and the water.”可知，这位工程师是通过观察翠鸟如何在空气和水中顺畅移动而想到提高火车速度的方法的。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据“He believed we could remodel he nose of the engine using the shape of the kingfisher's mouth to achieve the goal of increasing the speed. The result? Now a special kind of train travels at higher speed than before and uses less energy.”可知，这种特殊火车的引擎鼻子被重塑了。故选B。 3．推理判断题。第一段引入仿生学概念，第二段举例说明火车的设计灵感，第三段进一步说明仿生学的应用，第四段总结仿生学的意义。为“总—分—总”结构。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。根据“By studying nature's designs and processes, scientists and engineers can develop new technologies and products that are more efficient.”可知，作者想告诉我们一些发明是从动物身上学到的。故选D。 5．推理判断题。根据文章内容主要讲述仿生学在技术发明中的应用，特别是火车的设计灵感来源于翠鸟。因此，这篇文章可能出现在“技术与发明”相关的单元中。故选C。 Passage 5 （2026·河南洛阳·一模）AI technology has been used in many fields and is now playing an increasingly important role in matters of public interest. A group of students at Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) has developed an AI system (系统) that restores (修复) old photos of missing children. Until now, they have been providing technological support for many parents with over 1, 000 restored photos and helped reunite (使重聚) 11 missing children with their families. The team was built by Sheng Jianzhong in 2020, when he was a student at HUST. He first thought to restore photographs of missing children when he saw a missing child notice with an unclear photo. As he was studying digital image processing (数字图像处理), he decided to use his skills to help the parents restore their images. But the system cannot be completed by one person alone. Luckily, many students soon volunteered to join Sheng’s project. After half a year, they developed an image restoration AI system that solved the problem of unclear faces in photographs. A restored image can be produced in just a few minutes. Parents can then print the high-quality images of their missing children onto T-shirts or large posters (海报). In many cases, the team doesn’t directly connect with the families. And sometimes the families don’t even know the team has helped them. “But we still feel satisfied, and we are happy for them,” Sheng said. In the future, Sheng plans to build a better team. “It would use technology to help people who have lost their loved ones, and also encourage more young people to work for public good,” he said. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 1．Who has developed an AI system that restores old photos of missing children? A．A group of students at HUST. B．A group of teachers at HUST. C．A group of missing children. D．A group of parents who lost their children. 2．What made Sheng get the idea of the project? A．A notice he saw. B．A photo of his friend. C．A missing child he knew. D．An activity in his school. 3．Why has the AI technology brought hope to many families? A．Because it saved the printing time of the photos. B．Because it provided large posters for the families. C．Because it had lots of volunteers from local universities. D．Because it increased the possibilities of finding missing people. 4．How do the team members feel although the families don’t know who helped them? A．They feel proud and lucky. B．They feel honest and polite. C．They feel satisfied and happy. D．They feel friendly and humorous. 5．What’s the best title for the text? A．A Missing Photo Helps a Lot B．Public Interest Matters Most C．AI Helps Print the Clear Images D．AI Helps Missing Children Return Home 【答案】1．A 2．A 3．D 4．C 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了华中科技大学的一群学生开发了一个人工智能系统，用于修复失踪儿童的老照片，并帮助许多家庭重聚。文章还介绍了这个项目的起源、发展以及未来的计划。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“A group of students at Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) has developed an AI system (系统) that restores (修复) old photos of missing children.”可知，是华中科技大学的一群学生开发了这个修复失踪儿童老照片的人工智能系统。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“He first thought to restore photographs of missing children when he saw a missing child notice with an unclear photo.”可知，盛建中第一次想到要修复失踪儿童的照片，是因为他看到了一张模糊的寻人启事。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Until now, they have been providing technological support for many parents with over 1, 000 restored photos and helped reunite (使重聚) 11 missing children with their families.”可知，这个人工智能系统已经帮助许多家庭重聚，增加了找到失踪人员的可能性，因此给许多家庭带来了希望。故选D。 4．细节理解题。根据文章第六段“‘But we still feel satisfied, and we are happy for them,’ Sheng said.”可知，尽管这些家庭不知道是谁帮助了他们，但团队成员仍然感到满足和高兴。故选C。 5．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了华中科技大学的一群学生开发了一个人工智能系统，用于修复失踪儿童的老照片，并帮助许多家庭重聚。因此，最佳标题应为“AI Helps Missing Children Return Home”（人工智能帮助失踪儿童回家）。故选D。 主题03 人与自然——生态景观与保护环境 Passage 1 （2026·河南洛阳·一模）Do you know Baiyun Mountain? Have you ever been there? Do you know where it is? What is it like? It’s such a wonderful mountain that many visitors fall in love with it and lose themselves in its natural beauty every year. Baiyun Mountain lies in southern Song County, Luoyang, Henan Province. It belongs to the Funiu Mountain Range. Baiyun Mountain covers a total area of 168 square kilometers (about 64.9 square miles). There are 204 types of animals, 1 991 types of plants and 3 000 types of insects in the mountain. At 2 150 meters (about 7 054 feet) above sea level, White Cloud Peak, the main peak (山峰) of Baiyun Mountain, is one of the major peaks in the Funiu Mountain Range. The clouds crowd around the peak, which makes it like a fairyland (仙境) on earth. It’s said that the peak can tell weather changes by the position of the clouds around it. The peak is a flawless place for climbers to search for new things. Little Huangshan is so named because it reminds (使想起) people of the famous Mount Huangshan in Anhui Province. It is famous for its strange rocks as well as Mount Huangshan. The beauty and strangeness of Little Huangshan are amazing. Different rock styles have been given interesting names, such as Couple Stones and Bird’s Nest Stone. The waterfalls are formed by the Baihe River, which originates (发源) from Yuhuangding Peak. With enough water, the river runs downwards and makes waterfalls and deep pools. The Jiulong Waterfall, Qinglong Waterfall, and Heilong Pool are some of the pleasant sights (景点) in this area. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 1．How does the writer start the text? A．By using a saying. B．By telling a story. C．By showing pictures. D．By asking questions. 2．How many kinds of animals are there in Baiyun Mountain? A．204. B．1 991. C．2 150. D．3 000. 3．Which has a similar meaning to the underlined word “flawless”? A．boring B．perfect C．common D．terrible 4．Where does the Baihe River originate? A．From Little Huangshan. B．From Couple Stones. C．From Yuhuangding Peak. D．From Bird’s Nest Stone. 5．What can we learn from the text? A．Baiyun Mountain belongs to the Taihang Mountain Range. B．Little Huangshan in Baiyun Mountain is famous for its strange rocks. C．Baiyun Mountain covers an area of 69.4 square kilometers. D．Baiyun Mountain lies in the north of Song County, Luoyang. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．B 4．C 5．B 【导语】本文介绍了河南洛阳白云山的地理位置、面积、生物资源、核心景点（白云峰、小黄山、瀑布群）等信息，展现了白云山的自然之美。 1．第一段开头提到“Do you know Baiyun Mountain? Have you ever been there? Do you know where it is? What is it like?”，可知作者以提问的方式开篇。 2．第二段提到“There are 204 types of animals, 1 991 types of plants and 3 000 types of insects in the mountain.”，可知白云山有204种动物。 3．第三段提到“The clouds crowd around the peak, which makes it like a fairyland on earth... The peak is a flawless place for climbers to search for new things.”，结合语境可知“flawless”意为“完美的”，与perfect意思相近。 4．第五段提到“The waterfalls are formed by the Baihe River, which originates from Yuhuangding Peak.”，可知白河发源于玉皇顶。 5．第四段提到“Little Huangshan is so named because it reminds people of the famous Mount Huangshan in Anhui Province. It is famous for its strange rocks as well as Mount Huangshan.”，可知白云山的小黄山以奇岩闻名。 Passage 2 （2026·河南商丘·一模）When people talk about making cities better for the environment, green roofs have been around for some time. They are a useful way to solve some big environmental problems in cities. A green roof covers building tops with plants, special soil that stops water, and systems to carry away extra water. Unlike normal roofs, green roofs turn empty space into small, lively places with plants and small animals. They are not just nice to look at. They help make cities cooler, cleaner and more able to face problems. Green roofs have many good effects on the environment, and science supports this. First, they clean the air. Plants take in carbon dioxide (二氧化碳) and give out oxygen (氧气). They also catch harmful small pieces in the air, making the air better and fighting climate change. Second, they reduce city heat. Traditional roofs get very hot in summer, but green roofs stay cool when plants release (散发) water. This saves energy for some machines. Third, they deal with rainwater well. They take in much rain, slowing the flow of water and reducing floods. They also clean bad things in the water. Besides helping the environment, green roofs bring social and economic benefits. They add green space to crowded cities, where parks are few. People can relax or do community activities there, which is good for people’s health and minds. For money matters, they make roofs last longer and increase the value of buildings. Though green roofs cost a lot, as more and more people learn about them, green roofs are becoming more popular. They show that cities can grow while protecting the environment, making our future better. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 1．How does the writer introduce the green roofs in Paragraph 1? A．By using a scientist’s words. B．By telling a story about city life. C．By comparing with normal roofs. D．By using numbers to explain facts. 2．What is a green roof mainly made of? A．Empty space and small animals. B．Normal soil and common plants. C．Traditional roof materials and oxygen. D．Special soil, plants and water-carrying systems. 3．What does the underlined word “flow” mean in Paragraph 2? A．The color of water. B．The smell of water. C．The movement of water. D．The temperature of water. 4．What social benefit do green roofs bring? A．They offer green areas for people to relax. B．They provide a safe place for children to play. C．They create jobs for people to take care of plants. D．They help people make more friends in communities 5．What’s the main idea of the text? A．How to build green roofs in crowded cities. B．The differences between green roofs and normal roofs. C．Why traditional roofs are not good for the environment. D．The environmental, social and economic benefits of green roofs 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．C 4．A 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了绿色屋顶的相关内容，介绍了绿色屋顶的构成、对环境的好处、带来的社会和经济利益等，表明城市在发展的同时可以通过绿色屋顶保护环境，让未来更美好。 1．第一段提到“Unlike normal roofs, green roofs turn empty space into small, lively places with plants and small animals”，通过将绿色屋顶与普通屋顶进行对比，引出了绿色屋顶，说明作者是通过与普通屋顶对比来介绍绿色屋顶的。 2．第一段指出“A green roof covers building tops with plants, special soil that stops water, and systems to carry away extra water”，这直接表明绿色屋顶主要由特殊的土壤、植物和排水系统组成。 3．第二段提到“They take in much rain, slowing the flow of water and reducing floods”，绿色屋顶吸收大量雨水，减缓水的某种情况从而减少洪水，结合语境可知这里说的是减缓水的流动，所以“flow”意思是“水的流动”。 4．第三段提到“They add green space to crowded cities, where parks are few. People can relax or do community activities there, which is good for people’s health and minds”，说明绿色屋顶为人们提供了放松的绿色空间，这是其带来的社会利益。 5．文章第二段讲述了绿色屋顶对环境的好处，第三段讲述了绿色屋顶带来的社会和经济利益，最后一段总结绿色屋顶表明城市可以在保护环境的同时发展，所以文章主要讲的是绿色屋顶的环境、社会和经济利益。 主题 人与自然——自然现象 Passage 1 （2026·河南濮阳·一模）Do you know light pollution? In modern society, too much light has started to influence the environment. Light pollution is influencing human health and wildlife behaviors. There is a worldwide movement to reduce light pollution, and everyone can help. Light pollution problem became especially serious when the World Map of Night Sky Brightness came out in 2016. Large areas of North America, Europe, the Middle East and Asia are shining with light, while only Siberia, the Sahara, and the Amazon are in total darkness. Man-made light can break natural body rhythms (节奏) in humans badly. An increased amount of light at night lowers melatonin (褪黑素) production, which results in less sleep, headaches, stress and other health problems. Blue light, in particular (尤其) , has been shown to reduce levels of melatonin in humans. It is found in cell phones, other electronic devices and LEDs. Studies show that light pollution is also influencing animal behaviors. Because of light pollution, sea turtles lose their way, and often die when they migrate from one place to another. Even animals living under the deep sea may be influenced by underwater man-made light. Studies show that man-made light is changing ocean ecosystems. The good news is that light pollution is reversible (可逆的) and each one of us can make a difference! Now, many people are taking action to reduce light pollution and bring back the natural night sky. People are required to use outdoor lighting only when and where it is needed. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 1．How does the writer start the text? A．By telling a story. B．By asking a question. C．By using numbers. D．By showing a picture. 2．What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A．Man-made light is bad for people’s health. B．Light pollution problem is not easy to solve. C．Man-made light increases melatonin production. D．Light pollution influences animal behaviors. 3．What does the underlined word “migrate” mean? A．Sleep. B．Eat. C．Drink. D．Move. 4．What’s the structure of the text? A．①/②③/④⑤ B．①/②/③④/⑤ C．①②③/④/⑤ D．①②③④/⑤ 5．In which unit of the textbook can we read the text? A．Unit 1 Art and Music World B．Unit 2 Warm Family Life C．Unit 3 Environmental Protection D．Unit 4 Interesting Folk Legends 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．B 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了光污染的现象、它对人类健康及野生动物的危害，并呼吁人们采取行动减少光污染。 1．篇章结构题。根据文章开头“Do you know light pollution?”可知，作者通过提出一个问题来开启文本。故选B。 2．主旨大意题。根据第三段主题句“Man-made light can break natural body rhythms in humans badly.”及后续关于睡眠、头痛、压力等健康问题的具体说明可知，本段主要讲人造光对人类健康的危害。故选A。 3．词句猜测题。根据第四段“Because of light pollution, sea turtles lose their way, and often die when they migrate from one place to another.”可知，海龟因光污染而在“从一地前往另一地”时迷路并死亡。“migrate”在这里表示‘迁徙，迁移’的意思。故选D。 4．篇章结构题。文章结构为：第一段①引出光污染话题；第二段②说明问题的严重性（世界夜空亮度图）；第三、四段③④分别阐述光污染对人类健康和野生动物行为的具体影响；第五段⑤提出应对措施和希望。因此结构为①/②/③④/⑤。故选B。 5．推理判断题。全文围绕“光污染”这一环境问题展开，讨论了其定义、影响和解决方案。因此，最可能出现在教材中关于环境保护的单元。故选C。 Passage 2 （2026·河南许昌·一模）Peonies (牡丹) are highly prized flowers native to China. Chinese people started growing them about 2,000 years ago. Peonies have big, colorful flowers with a sweet smell. In traditional Chinese culture, they are a symbol of wealth and good luck. That’s why people have loved them for thousands of years. The Chinese have the tradition of using flowers to describe different characters of people. For example, the plum flower (梅花) is the symbol of people with patience, the lotus flower stands for people who are honest and peaceful, and the chrysanthemum flower (菊花) symbolizes those who don’t care about fame and wealth. Peonies are the symbol of beautiful ladies. Traditionally, Chinese people describe peonies as “guo se tian xiang” (国色天香). During the Qin and Han dynasties, the Herbal Classic of Shen Nong (《神农本草经》) classifies various plants and substances as medicinal herbs (药用草药). Moreover, these herbs are frequently used in traditional Chinese medicine. Their roots, known as “mudanpi,” are used to treat different kinds of ailments, such as fever and pain. During the Sui and Tang dynasties, peonies gradually became the most popular flowers. Liu Yuxi, a poet from the Tang Dynasty, once wrote that “Only peonies are worthy of being called the national beauty; when they bloom, all the capital is in a stir (轰动).” Today, peonies are still one of the most favorite flowers for the Chinese. They are generally in full bloom in late April each year, which is the best time to enjoy these beautiful flowers. 1．What do peonies symbolize in Chinese culture? A．Patience. B．Honesty and peace. C．Wealth and good luck. D．Not caring about fame and wealth. 2．How does the writer mainly organize the text in Paragraph 2? A．Facts → Opinions. B．Descriptions → Examples. C．Reasons → Results. D．Problems→ Solutions. 3．What does the underlined word “ailments” mean in the text? A．Plants. B．Flowers. C．Illnesses. D．Herbs. 4．What did Liu Yuxi want to express in his poem? A．His love for the capital city. B．His love and praise for peonies. C．The beauty of the Tang Dynasty. D．The difficulty of growing peonies. 5．What is the theme (主题) of the text? A．Sports and Health. B．Travel and Transportation. C．Science and Technology. D．Nature and Culture. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．C 4．B 5．D 【导语】本文主要介绍了牡丹花的特征、在中国文化中的象征意义、药用历史以及在古代文学中的地位，展现了牡丹作为“国色天香”的独特魅力。 1．第一段指出：“In traditional Chinese culture, they are a symbol of wealth and good luck.”，这明确说明了牡丹在中国文化中象征财富和好运。 2．第二段首句先描述了中国人有用花形容人性格的传统，随后通过“For example…”列举了梅花、荷花、菊花和牡丹的具体象征意义，属于“描述 →举例”的组织方式。 3．根据第三段语境：“Moreover, these herbs are frequently used in traditional Chinese medicine…used to treat different kinds of ailments, such as fever and pain.”，既然这些药草被用来“治疗”发烧和疼痛等症状，可以推断“ailments”指的是疾病。 4．第三段引用了刘禹锡的诗句：“Only peonies are worthy of being called the national beauty…”，通过“national beauty”等词汇表达了他对牡丹的高度赞美和喜爱。 5．文章围绕牡丹这一自然界的植物，探讨了其生物特征、中医应用以及深厚的文化象征价值，高度概括了自然与文化的联系。 Passage 3 （2026·河南周口·一模）The ocean is full of mysteries. One of the strangest of these involves an area known as the Bermuda Triangle. It can be seen on a map by drawing lines connecting the islands of Bermuda, Puerto Rico, and Florida. In this area, many ships and planes have vanished. But no one knows exactly why. The earliest reports of ships going missing there came from the middle of the 19th century. People found ships there, but no people were on them. Some ships were never found. Planes also began going missing there in the 20th century. One famous event was about Flight 19. On December 5, 1945, five U.S. Navy planes (海军飞机) flew together. One pilot reported his compass (指南针) was not working correctly. Then, all the pilots got lost. They flew far out over the ocean, and went missing. Even a plane sent to help them also went missing. In the mid-20th century, writers began to write exciting stories about the mysteries there, which made the area sound even more mysterious. Actually, different people have different ideas about the Bermuda Triangle. Some people say aliens did everything. Others think there is something wrong with time and space in the area. Some even believe an old, lost city under the sea called Atlantis is there and that its technology makes ships and planes go missing. However, scientists say the disappearances have normal reasons. They say very bad storms often happen there. Also, the Earth’s magnetic field (磁场) is different in the Bermuda Triangle. This can make compasses show the wrong way. Scientists also say fewer disappearances happen now. This is probably because we have improved technology today to deal with the problems in this area. However, the Bermuda Triangle still makes people ask questions and guess. We may never know all the answers about this mysterious place. 1．What does the underlined word “vanished” in Paragraph 1 mean in Chinese? A．加速 B．失踪 C．聚集 D．相撞 2．What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about? A．The tools used to study the Bermuda Triangle. B．Books and movies about the Bermuda Triangle. C．Stories about disappearances in the Bermuda Triangle. D．The hard work to save lost planes in the Bermuda Triangle. 3．What do scientists think is one reason for the disappearances in the Bermuda Triangle? A．Aliens hide the ships and planes. B．The Earth’s magnetic field is different there. C．An underwater city influences the ships and planes. D．The bad weather makes time and space wrong there. 4．What can we infer from the last paragraph about the Bermuda Triangle? A．Better technology helps avoid all the problems. B．The Bermuda Triangle is now safe for travelers. C．There is still a long way to go to solve the mysteries there. D．People no longer think the Bermuda Triangle is mysterious. 5．Which of the following shows the structure of this passage? A． B． C． D． 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．B 4．C 5．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了世界著名的自然之谜——百慕大三角，阐述了其地理位置、历史上的失踪事件、民间流传的各种猜测以及科学家的解释，最后指出该地区的谜团仍未完全解开。 1．第一段指出：“…area known as the Bermuda Triangle…In this area, many ships and planes have vanished. But no one knows exactly why.”。引用部分描述了在该区域船只和飞机发生的状况，结合第二段首句“The earliest reports of ships going missing…”可知，此处指代船只和飞机的“失踪”。 2．第二段首句和三、四句提到：“The earliest reports of ships going missing there…Planes also began going missing there…One famous event was about Flight 19…”。引用部分详细描述了历史上船只和飞机在百慕大失踪的典型事件，因此本段主要讲述关于失踪事件的报道。 3．第五段第一、二、三句指出：“…scientists say the disappearances have normal reasons. They say very bad storms often happen there. Also, the Earth’s magnetic field (磁场) is different…”。引用内容明确说明科学家认为恶劣天气和磁场差异是失踪现象的原因。 4．最后一段最后两句提到：“…the Bermuda Triangle still makes people ask questions and guess. We may never know all the answers about this mysterious place.”。作者通过“可能永远无法知道所有答案”这一表述，推断出解开百慕大谜团依然任重道远。 5．分析全文结构：第①段引出百慕大三角这一神秘区域，第②段列举了从19世纪到20世纪的历史失踪事实，这两段共同构成了对这一神秘现象的背景介绍与事实陈述；第③、④、⑤段分别从文学创作、民间猜想以及科学解释三个平行的维度对该谜团进行了不同视角的剖析；第⑥段总结全篇。这种“背景铺垫—多维度分述—总结结尾”的逻辑与C选项相契合。 Passage 4 （2026·河南许昌·一模）Do you still remember the heavy rain in Xuchang last summer? And the heavy snow last winter? We had to stop going to school and work. The roads were very dangerous. These are examples of extreme weather (极端天气). Now, such weather happens more often. It’s important for us to understand why this is happening. The Earth is getting warmer because of activities like burning coal (煤炭) and cutting down trees. This brings more hot days, a lot of rain, and big storms. Such weather can make us feel uncomfortable and even sick. These weather changes can influence our everyday life. For example, heavy rain can flood the roads and force schools and shops to close. Storms can damage (损坏) things like power lines. In the countryside, not enough rain can harm plants and animals. Extreme weather can also bring huge economic costs (经济损失). Repairing the damage caused by storms is very costly. Insurance (保险) also costs more because there is a higher chance of weather damage. As a result, many businesses may face difficulties and some people may even lose their jobs. To improve the situation, we need to take action. We can help by using less energy and recycling more. We can also use clean energy from the sun and wind instead of coal. Besides, we need to prepare for extreme weather: make buildings stronger, set up warning systems and teach people what to do when bad weather arrives. It’s important for everyone to learn about these problems. By learning about climate change and extreme weather, we can make better choices and help create a better future. Remember, every little thing you do matters. Together we can help protect our Earth. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 1．Why does the writer talk about the heavy rain and snow in Xuchang at the beginning? A．To introduce the weather in Xuchang. B．To tell people to stay home on rainy days. C．To lead into the topic of extreme weather. D．To explain why Xuchang has so much rain. 2．Why is the Earth getting warmer? A．People burn coal and cut down trees. B．People plant more trees every year. C．People use more energy from the sun. D．People recycle more things at home. 3．What is the second paragraph mainly about? A．How weather changes influence our everyday life. B．The reasons why the weather is changing. C．The cost of repairing damage from storms. D．How to protect animals and plants. 4．Which of the following is an opinion (观点) according to the passage? A．The Earth is getting warmer because people burn coal and cut down trees. B．In the countryside, if it doesn’t rain enough, it can hurt plants and animals. C．Repairing the damage from storms can be very expensive. D．It is important for everyone, even students, to know about these problems. 5．What is the best title for this passage? A．Facing Extreme Weather Together B．How to Stay Safe in Storms C．The Weather in Xuchang D．Why Students Should Recycle 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．D 5．A 【导语】本文主要介绍了极端天气因人类活动导致的全球变暖而愈发频繁，严重威胁生活与经济，需通过减排、使用清洁能源及加强防灾来共同应对以保护地球。 1．第一段提到“These are examples of extreme weather”，直接点明这些就是极端天气的例子，全文围绕极端天气展开，因此开头举例是为了引出“极端天气”这个主题。 2．第二段明确提到“The Earth is getting warmer because of activities like burning coal and cutting down trees”，说明地球变暖是因为烧煤、砍伐树木等这类活动。 3．第二段首句就点明“It’s important for us to understand why this is happening”，说明我们需要了解极端天气出现的原因，然后整段都在解释气候发生变化的原因。 4．最后一段提到“It’s important for everyone to learn about these problems”，这是作者提出的主观看法，属于观点。选项A、B、C都是对客观现象的陈述。 5．全文介绍了极端天气的成因、危害，最后呼吁所有人共同行动应对极端天气、保护地球，因此“Facing Extreme Weather Together”最符合全文主旨。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $