Unit 4　Fun with science Period 1 Welcome to the unit & Reading(1)同步练 -2025-2026学年高中英语译林版选修第一册

Unit 4　Fun with science Period 1 Welcome to the unit & Reading(1) Ⅰ. 话题拓展阅读。 The microbiome is the collection of all microbes, such as bacteria, fungi, viruses, and other life, which naturally live in an individual, be it a person or a plant.① For humans and many other species, the best characterized microbiome centers on the bacteria in the gut. The more microbiologists study these gut microbes, the more they link the bacteria to functions of their hosts.② In humans, gut bacteria influence how the body responds to disease­causing bacteria, or interacts with the brain, affecting the mood. Andrew Moeller is an evolutionary biologist at Cornell University. Several years ago, he and his colleagues reported the work showing human gut microbes are very similar to those in other primates(灵长类), suggesting their presence predates the evolution of humans.③ But his follow­up studies indicate the human gut microbiome has changed greatly, compared with our current primate cousins. He found 85 microbial varieties in the guts of wild monkeys, but just 55 in people in US cities. Besides, people in less developed parts of the world have between 60 and 65 of those bacterial groups. “Changes in diet as humans moved on from their hunter­gatherer past and into cities, antibiotic(抗生素) use, more life stresses, and better hygiene are all possible contributors to that great change in gut microbes④，” says Reshmi Upreti, a microbiologist at the University of Washington Bothell. Several researchers have argued that this lower diversity could contribute to increases in various diseases. However, Kyle Meyer, a microbiologist at the University of California, Berkeley, argues such losses are not necessarily a problem. “Maybe we don't need them，” he points out. But Moeller is worried. “We are really doing some scary stuff to our microbiomes，” he warns. Moeller and others also suggest identifying the missing microbes may be the first step in bringing them back. “If we determine that these groups were providing important functions to keep humans healthy，” Upreti says, “perhaps we can restore them by introducing probiotics(益生菌) to the digestive system through foods and supplements.” 一、 阅读短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 (　　) 1. What conclusion do microbiologists probably draw about gut microbes? A. They are crucial to humans' health. B. They can easily adapt to new hosts. C. They encourage the growth of disease­causing bacteria. D. They vary greatly from individual to individual. (　　) 2. What do Andrew Moeller's follow­up studies imply? A. Humans need fewer gut microbes to digest than other primates. B. The variety of human gut microbes has reduced greatly. C. Human gut microbes are very similar to those in monkeys. D. The presence of gut microbes accelerates the evolution of humans. (　　) 3. What does Reshmi Upreti suggest? A. Ignoring the loss of microbes. B. Recognizing the lost microbes. C. Regaining the lost microbes through balanced diets. D. Recovering the lost microbes with the help of probiotics. (　　) 4. What would be the best title for the text? A. The Importance of Microbiomes to Primates B. The Wide Diversity of Human Microbiomes C. The Loss of Gut Bacteria in Modern Humans D. The Number of Gut Bacteria in Different Species 二、 分析文中加序号句子的结构，在原句上标出基本成分，然后试着在下面横线上写出译文。 ①译文：__________________________________________________________ ②译文：__________________________________________________________ ③译文：__________________________________________________________ ④译文：__________________________________________________________ Ⅱ. 七选五。[2025德州期中] Generation Z is Redefining Technology in a Digital Age For Baby Boomers, it was the personal computer; for Gen X, the World Wide Web; and for Millennials, the mobile technology explosion. Each generation witnessed a major technological advancement that defined their era. __1__ Instead of a generation being defined by technology, the first digital natives are redefining it. Gen Z youth are redefining how they engage with the world. The technology is smoothly integrated into their daily lives. Unlike previous generations, they have grown up with technologies like Google, Meta and YouTube. __2__ Ninety­one percent of Gen Z youth say they even keep their devices in bed with them, according to www.sparksandhoney.com. __3__ With over 70 hours a week spent on devices, technology is so important to Gen Z's lifestyle that it creates a new way of living that older generations may find it hard to understand. Some often criticize young people who are constantly on their devices for not spending enough time with family and friends. ___4__ In fact, that phone time is exactly how Gen Z is spending time with their favorite people. Gen Z doesn't just like and follow—they lead. Gen Z is not just consumers of technology but creators and leaders. While Millennials tend to use technology for passive consumption, Gen Z sees it as a tool for self­expression and innovation. Rather than simply engaging with content, they actively create it. __5__ A. Therefore, technology is less important. B. However, for Generation Z, there is a twist. C. Gen Z youth are even redefining what a relationship is. D. These platforms are essential for living their lives. E. As a result, they struggle to adapt to new technologies. F. Using technology, Gen Z is significantly impacting the world. G. Others complain that Gen Z favors virtual over real relationships. 1.__________ 2.__________ 3.__________ 4.__________ 5.__________ Ⅲ. 完形填空。 I've been metal­detecting for 35 years. I'm as __1__ now as that first time I went out and started to find what I thought was treasure but really was just rubbish: the few odd coins and bits and pieces. As soon as I walk across that field, all my troubles __2__． One week in April 2010, the sun was shining. Off I went down into Somerset. I had three farms all next to one another where I had __3__ to detect. I got a good __4__， so I cut a little bit of grass, flapped it back—and there was a silver Roman coin, a siliqua(斯里克银币，一种硬币)! They don't come up very often. I put it into my pocket, not realizing that I would spend the next three hours going round __5__ on that field, literally picking up silver coins. I had to work the next week, but I really wanted to try this field again. So on the way home, I thought: “I'll pop in for a couple of hours.” I got a signal and, at first, all I could find was this one coin and a bit of black pottery. So, I __6__ a bit more. I ended up pulling out a big chunk of yellow clay with bronze __7__ like little blueberries in a pudding. I literally shouted: “I've got two hoards(储藏地)！” There was a scattered hoard of siliquas and what is called the Frome Hoard: 52，503 coins in a pot that __8__ 160 kg in total. The Treasure Valuation Committee __9__ the Frome Hoard at about ￡360，000, a payment in __10__ that you did the right thing and reported treasure. Now, it's in the Museum of Somerset. They have made a fantastic __11__ of it. The __12__ is still there whenever I go out, even if I have a bad day and I only find __13__. I just think: “Hey, it's a bad day, but I've been out in the fresh air. I've been out in the sunshine. I've done a bit of walking, so I'm keeping a bit __14__．” It doesn't even matter if I don't find anything. It is the adventure, the excitement, and the feeling of being connected to the __15__ that keeps me coming back for more. (　　) 1. A. passionate B. pessimistic C. empathetic D．disappointed (　　) 2. A. exist B. change C. appear D. disappear (　　) 3. A. admission B. permission C. ability D. claim (　　) 4. A. try B. view C. signal D. companion (　　) 5. A. in queue B. in circles C. in crowds D. in groups (　　) 6. A. dug B. put C. pushed D. counted (　　) 7. A. vases B. coins C. clay D. pottery (　　) 8. A. measured B. weighed C. contained D. maintained (　　) 9. A. handed B. assigned C. valued D. swapped (　　)10. A. praise B. recognition C. identification D. action (　　)11. A. occasion B. celebration C. purchase D. display (　　)12. A. shock B. excitement C. intelligence D. pattern (　　)13. A. treasure B. jewelry C. rubbish D. puddings (　　)14. A. sadder B. fatter C. slimmer D. fitter (　　)15. A. past B. coins C. moment D. treasure Ⅰ. 一、 1—4 ABDC 二、 ①微生物群是指所有微生物的集合，例如细菌、真菌、病毒及其他生物，它们自然地生活在个体中，无论这个个体是人还是植物。 ②微生物学家研究这些肠道微生物越多，就越能将细菌与宿主的功能联系起来。 ③几年前，他和他的同事们报告了一项研究，显示人类肠道微生物与其他灵长类动物的肠道微生物非常相似，这表明它们的存在早于人类的进化。 ④随着人类从过去的狩猎采集者到进入城市而发生的饮食变化、抗生素的使用、更大的生活压力和更好的卫生都可能导致了肠道微生物的巨大变化。 Ⅱ. 1—5 BDCGF Ⅲ. 1—5 ADBCB　6—10 ABBCB　11—15 DBCDA 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $