Unit 1 Our living planet 知识清单 2025-2026学年高中英语译林版选修第一册

Unit 1 Our living planet 一、 单词学记 (一) 英汉对记(33组) 1. probe n. (不载人)空间探测器;探究;探测仪 (2) 2. geological (also geologic) adj. 地质的(2) 3. formation n. 组成物,形成物;组成,形成;编队,队形(2) 4. marine adj. 海的,海产的;海船的,海上贸易的(2) 5. twilight n. 暮色,黄昏;没落时期,衰退期(2) 6. filter n. 滤器,过滤器;滤光器,滤声器;筛选(过滤)程序 vt. 过滤;(用程序)筛选(2) 7. capture vt. 俘获,捕获;用武力夺取,攻取;夺得,赢得 n. (被)捕获,(被)俘获(2) 8. mate n. 偶,伴侣;朋友,伙伴 vi. 交配(3) 9. shrimp n. (pl. shrimps or shrimp) 虾(3) 10. hydrothermal adj. 热液的,高温水作用的(3) 11. vent n. (气体、液体的)出口,进口(3) 12. fluid n. 液体,流体 adj. 流畅优美的;易变的,不稳定的;流动的(3) 13. thermal adj. 温暖的,热的;热量的;保暖的,防寒的(3) 14. await vt. 将发生在,将降临到(某人头上);等候,等待(3) 15. submersible n. 可潜船,潜水器 adj. 水下使用的(5) 16. pave vt. (用砖石)铺(地)(5) 17. leap n. 跳跃,跳高;骤变,激增 vt. & vi. (leapt, leapt) 跳,跳跃;猛冲,突然做(某事);骤增,猛涨(6) 18. spin vi. & vt. (spun, spun) (使)快速旋转;(使)急转身;纺(线) n. 高速旋转(6) 19. axis n. (pl. axes) 轴(旋转物体假想的中心线);坐标轴;对称中心线(6) 20. tidal adj. 潮汐的,有潮的(6) 21. rotation n. 旋转,转动;(旋转的)一周,一圈;轮换,交替(7) 22. alter vt. & vi. (使)改变,更改;修改(衣服使更合身)(7) 23. pavement n. 人行道;石板铺的地面;路面(11) 24. crack vt. & vi. 砸开,砸碎;破裂,裂开;猛击;(使)发出爆裂声 n. 裂缝;缝隙,窄缝;爆裂声(11) 25. mantle n. 地幔;覆盖层(11) 26. geology n. 地质;地质学(11) 27. mine n. 矿井,矿(11) 28. thrive vi. 茁壮成长,蓬勃发展(11) 29. enlightening adj. 让人受启发的(11) 30. crust n. 地壳;面包皮(11) 31. fig n. 无花果(12) 32. mirage n. 蜃景,海市蜃楼(13) 33. optical adj. 光学的,视觉的;有助于视力的(13) (二) 拓展倍记(20组) 1. magic adj. 神奇的;有魔力的;棒极了 n. 魔术;魔法;巫术;魔力 vt. (像)用魔法变出(2) magician n. 魔术师;巫师 2. mystery n. 神秘的事物;奥秘(2) mysterious adj. 神秘的;诡秘的 mysteriously adv. 神秘地;故弄玄虚地 3. documentary n. 纪录影片;纪实广播(或电视)节目 adj. 纪实的;文件的;文献的(2) document n. 文件;公文;文献;证件;(计算机)文档 vt. 记录,记载(详情);用文件证明(或证实) 4. vastness n. 浩瀚;辽阔(2) vast adj. 巨大的;辽阔的;庞大的;大量的 5. explore vt. 勘探;勘查;探索;探究(2) exploration n. 勘探;勘查;探索;探究 6. curiosity n. 好奇心;求知欲(2) curious adj. 好奇的;求知欲强的;奇特;不寻常 curiously adv. 好奇地;奇怪地;奇怪的是 7. unshakeable adj. 不可动摇的; 坚定不移的(2) shakeable adj. 可摇动的;可震动的 shake vt. & vi. 摇动;抖动;(使)颤动 n. 摇动;抖动;颤动 8. feeder n. (动植物)进某种食物者,以……方式进食者;(机器的)进料器(2) feed vt. & vi. 喂养;饲养;养活;进食 n. 动物的饲料;(机器的)进料 9. nutrient n. 营养物;营养素(2) nutrition n. 营养;滋养 nutritious adj. 有营养的;营养丰富的 10. evolve vi. & vt. 进化;演化;(使)逐渐形成,逐渐演变(2) evolvement n. 发展;进化 evolution n. 进化;演变;渐进 evolutionist n. 进化论者 evolutionism n. 进化论 evolutionary adj. 进化的;演变的;逐渐发展的 11. prevent vt. 阻止;阻碍;阻挠(2) prevention n. 预防;防止;防范 preventive adj. 预防性的;防备的 12. equal adj. (大小、数量、价值等)相同的,同样的;平等的;同等的 n. 同等的人;相等物 vt. (大小、数量、价值等)与……相等;比得上;结果为(2) equally adv. 平等地;同样地;平均地;同样,此外,也 equality n. 平等;均等;相等 13. freezing adj. 极冷的;冰冻的;冰点以下的(2) freeze vt. & vi. (使)冻结,结冰;冷冻贮藏;(因害怕等)停住不动 n. 冻结;停止;冰冻期;霜冻 14. solely adv. 仅,只,单独地(3) sole n. 鞋底;脚掌;脚底(板) adj. 唯一的;仅有的 vt. 给(鞋)换底 15. survival n. 生存;存活;幸存;残存物;幸存事物(3) survive vt. & vi. 幸存;生存;存活 16. reproduction n. 生殖;繁殖;复制;(声音的)录制;(尤指艺术品的)复制品(3) reproduce vt. & vi. 复制;再现;繁殖 17. scarce adj. 缺乏的,稀少的(3) scarcely adv. 勉强;刚;几乎不;简直不;(表示接连发生)刚一……就;实在不应该;根本不可能 18. volcanically adv. 火山似地;猛烈地(3) volcanic adj. 火山的;火山引起的;火山产生的 volcano n. 火山 19. unfortunately adv. 不幸地;遗憾地;可惜地;可悲地(11) unfortunate adj. 不幸的;倒霉的;令人遗憾的 n. 不幸的人 fortune n. (尤指影响人生的)机会,运气;巨款 20. storage n. 存储(方式);贮存,贮藏(空间)(11) store n. (大型)百货商店;商店;贮存物 vt. 贮存;贮藏;保存;(在计算机里)存储;记忆 (三) 合成并记(2组) 1. backward curving adj. 向后弯曲的 (2) 2. innermost adj. 最靠近中心的,最深处的;内心深处的 (11) (四) 短语强记(6组) 1. in equal measure 在同样程度上 (2) 2. pave the way for 为……铺平道路,创造条件 (5) 3. leap year 闰年 (6) 4. lay down 积存;放下,停止使用 (6) 5. as yet 直到现在 (11) 6. close up (使)变狭窄;(使)靠拢,靠紧;(尤指临时)关门停业 (11) (五) 重点例释(11组) 1. formation n. 组成物,形成物;组成,形成;编队,队形 (1) form n. 表格;形式;结构 vt. & vi. (使)形成;组成;排成 (2) in the form of … 以……的形式 (3) formal adj. 形式上的;正式的;正规的 (4) informal adj. 不拘礼节的;友好随便的;非正规的;日常的;非正式的;口语体的 (5) inform vt. 通知;了解 【注意】 ①与tell sb sth和tell sth to sb不一样,inform表示“告诉某人某情况”,通常只用inform sb of/about sth。 ②inform的宾语通常只能是人,所以其后接从句时,从句前的sb不能省略。 ③不能将“通知某人做某事”按汉语意思直译为inform sb to do sth,可将其中的不定式改为从句。 (6) information n. 信息;消息;情报;资料;资讯 (7) reform vt. & vi. 改革;改良;(使)改正;(使)悔改 n. 改革;改良 (8) transform vt. 使改变形态;使改观 (9) transformation n. 变化,改观,转变,改革 ①One way to understand thousands of new words is to gain a good knowledge of basic word formation. 理解数千新单词的一个方法就是掌握基本构词法。 ②Please fill out this form, giving your name, age, and address. 请填写这张表格,写上你的姓名、年龄和地址。 ③It's merely a matter of form. 这不过是形式问题。 ④Never form the habit of smoking because it is harmful to human beings. 永远不要养成吸烟的习惯,因为它对人体有害。 ⑤If you are too formal, people around you won't be at ease. 如果你太拘谨,你周围的人会感到不自在。 ⑥He has not yet informed me of his plans for holidays. 他尚未把他的度假计划告诉我。 ⑦We must reform the outdated rules and regulations. 我们必须改革那些过时的规章制度。 2. in equal measure 在同样程度上 (1) measure vt. 测量;估量,判定;量度为 n. 措施;程度;尺度;标准;衡量 (2) make sth to sb's measure 照某人的尺寸做某物 (3) (sth be) made to measure (某物是)量身订制的 (4) get/have/take sb's measure=get/have/take the measure of sb 给某人量尺寸;摸清某人的底细 (5) take the measure of sth 给某物量尺寸 (6) take measures 采取措施 (7) for good measure 作为额外增添;外加的项目 (8) measurement n. 测量;度量;尺寸,长度,数量 ①Our thanks are due in equal measure to every member of the team. 我们同样感谢每一位队员。 ②That feeling of freedom and risk in equal measure was difficult to find at work. 在工作中你体会不到自由的感觉和与之相伴的刺激感。 ③Jim has measured the size of this board and has found that it measures five metres in width. 吉姆量过这块板的尺寸,发现它有五米宽。 ④It was difficult to measure the precise impact of the labor action. 此次罢工影响几何,人们难以作出准确的评估。 ⑤Mr Smith asked the tailor to make some new clothes to his own measure. 史密斯先生让裁缝照自己的尺寸做一些新衣服。 ⑥The tailor took my measure for a new suit. 裁缝给我量尺寸做了一套新衣服。 ⑦If we had taken such effective measures much earlier, the river would not be polluted so seriously now. 如果我们早采取这么有效的措施,这条河现在就不会被污染得这么严重了。 ⑧Accurate measurement is very important in science. 在科学领域,精确的测量非常重要。 3. reproduction n. 生殖,繁殖;复制;(声音的)录制;(尤指艺术品的)复制品 (1) produce vt. 生产;繁育;制作;引起;出示 n. 产品;(尤指)农产品 (2) product n. 产品;制品;生成物;产儿;结果;乘积 (3) production n. 生产;制造;产量;分泌;上映 【辨析】 产品:produce、product、production *produce主要指生产出来用于出售的农产品,是一个不可数的集合名词。 *product主要指工业产品,也可指农产品,是可数名词;有时用其引申义“产物”。 *production通常不表示具体的产品,它主要指生产这一动作或过程,是不可数名词,侧重“产量”,也可表示文学作品。 ①The reproduction and growth of the cancerous cells can be suppressed by bombarding them with radiation. 癌细胞的繁殖和生长可通过放射线辐射加以抑制。 ②Hard work produces success. 努力工作会带来成功。 ③Produce your tickets, please. 请出示车票。 ④More TV programs, according to government officials, will be produced to raise people's concern over food safety. 据政府官员称,更多的电视节目将制作出来,以提高人们对食品安全的关注。 ⑤These products are in great demand. 这些产品需求量很大。 ⑥The product of three and five is fifteen. 三和五的乘积是十五。 ⑦He was for cutting down the cost of production. 他赞成降低生产成本。 4. await vt. 将发生在,将降临到(某人头上);等候,等待 ①Her latest novel is eagerly awaited. 人们正急切地期待着她的最新小说。 ②A warm welcome awaits all our guests. 我们的客人都将受到热烈欢迎。 ③Have you been waiting long? 你等了很久了吗? ④We had a long wait for the bus. 我们等公共汽车等了很长时间。 5. lay down 积存;放下,停止使用 (1) lay vt. & vi. (laid, laid) 放置,搁;铺;摊开;下(蛋),产(卵);使处于特定状态(尤指困境) (2) lay aside 把……放在一边;留存备用;留待以后处理 (3) lay off 停止;停止使用;解雇 (4) lay out 摆开;展开;布置,安排;策划;花钱 (5) layer n. 层;层次;阶层 vt. 把……分层堆放 ①The government are making their efforts to find a right place on which a monument will be built in memory of the people who laid down their lives in defense of the people's safety and property. 政府正在努力寻找一块适当的地方修建纪念碑,以纪念那些为了保护人民生命和财产安全而牺牲的人们。 ②Lay your coat on the bed. 把你的外套放在床上。 ③He laid the failure to me. 他把失败归咎于我。 ④Don't spend money in the generous way. You should lay aside some money for when you are in trouble. 花钱不要大手大脚。你应该存些钱以备不时之需。 ⑤Since Jack was laid off from his job three months ago, he has been looking for a new one, but without luck. 自从杰克三个月前被解雇后,他一直在找新工作,但是还没找到。 ⑥What's the point in laying out money on something you'll only wear once? 花钱买一件你只穿一次的衣服有什么意义呢? ⑦Someone has upset the photographs I laid out so carefully, which made me quite angry. 有人弄乱了我精心布置的照片,这让我非常生气。 ⑧A fresh layer of snow covered the street. 街上覆盖了一层新雪。 6. gravitational adj. 引力的,重力引起的 (1) gravitation n. 引力 (2) law of universal gravitation 万有引力定律 (3) gravity n. 地球引力;重力;严重性;庄严;严肃 ①If a spacecraft travels faster than 11.2km a second, it escapes the earth's gravitational pull. 如果飞行速度超过每秒11.2公里,宇宙飞船将摆脱地球的引力。 ②The stone rolled down the mountain by gravity. 这块石头由于重力作用而滚下山。 ③I don't think you realize the gravity of the situation, or else you wouldn't feel so relaxed. 我认为你没有意识到情况的严重性,否则你不可能还感到这么放松。 ④Even children must behave with gravity at a funeral. 即便是孩子在葬礼上也得举止庄重。 7. as yet 直到现在 (1) yet adv. (用于否定句)还(没);(用于疑问句)已经;(修饰比较级)更加,还要 conj. 但是;然而 (2) and/but yet 虽然如此,然而 (3) not yet 还没有,尚未 (4) as adv. 和……一样;如同 conj. 当……时;随着;由于;正如;尽管;照……方式 prep. 像;如同;作为;当作 (5) as … as 与……一样(否定句中可换成 so … as) (6) as for/to 至于;关于 (7) as if/though 好像,仿佛 (8) as well 也,又 (9) as well as 也;不但……而且;和……一样好 ①As yet, there's been no news. 到目前为止还没有消息。 ②He hasn't come yet. 他还没来。 ③As time passed, things seemed to get worse. 随着时间的推移,情况似乎变得更糟了。 ④Child as she is, she knows how to deal with family affairs. 尽管她还是个孩子,她却已经会处理家务了。 ⑤As for the cost, that will have to be considered. 至于费用,那是需要考虑的。 ⑥There is no doubt as to his honesty. 他的诚实是毋庸置疑的。 ⑦We've missed the bus. It looks as if we'll have to walk. 我们错过了公共汽车。看来我们得步行了。 ⑧I write my own songs and I play the guitar as well. 我自己谱曲,也弹吉他。 ⑨You as well as he are to blame for the accident. 你还有他都应该为这次事故负责。 8. close up (使)变狭窄;(使)靠拢,靠紧;(尤指临时)关门停业 (1) close down 关闭,倒闭;结束播放 (2) open up 打开(门、容器等);开火;直抒胸臆;畅所欲言 (3) close your mind to sth 对某事/物拒不考虑(或置之不理、置若罔闻) (4) open your/sb's mind to sth (使人)思想开阔,意识到某事 ①Every time he tried to speak, his throat closed up with fear. 每当他试图讲话时,他都害怕得喉咙发紧说不出话来。 ②The captain ordered his men to close up. 上尉命令士兵靠拢。 ③Just close up the shop. 把店关了就好了。 ④Because the shop is closing down, all the T shirts are sold at half price. 这家商店快要关闭了,所以这里所有的T恤衫都半价出售。 ⑤Several customers were waiting when I arrived to open up the shop. 我到店里开门时,几个顾客已在等候。 ⑥It helps to discuss your problems but I find it hard to open up. 与人谈谈自己面临的问题固然有益,但我觉得有些话很难说得出口。 9. mine n. 矿井,矿 (1) mine pron. 我的(名词性物主代词) n. 矿井,矿;地雷 vt. & vi. 采矿;埋雷于 (2) miner n. 矿工;采矿者 (3) mineral n. 矿物;矿物质;汽水 ①A group of soldiers with water and food were sent to rescue the miners at the mine. 一队带着水和食物的士兵被派去营救矿井里的矿工们。 ②Neither is that yours nor is that mine. 那既不是你的,也不是我的。 ③They're mining for diamonds. 他们在开采钻石。 ④Coal is mined in Pennsylvania. 煤是在宾夕法尼亚开采的。 ⑤Sea water contains many minerals, salt included. 海水含有许多矿物质,包括盐。 10. enlightening adj. 让人受启发的 (1) light n. 光;光线;光亮;光源;电灯;眼神 vt. & vi. 点火,点燃;开始燃烧;照亮;用光指引 adj. 轻的;浅色的;明亮的;轻松的 【注意】light用作动词时,其过去式或过去分词有lighted和lit两种形式,其区别是:多用lit,但若用于名词前做定语,则通常用lighted。 (2) in the light of 考虑到;鉴于 (3) come to light 为人所知;暴露 (4) lightning n. 闪电 ①It has enlightening significance for today's research on language and language usage. 这对如今的语言及语言运用研究具有启发意义。 ②The sun gives light and heat. 太阳发出光和热。 ③I want to finish this painting before the light goes. 我要趁着天色未暗把这张画完成。 ④A smile lit up her face. 她笑容满面。 ⑤Oil is lighter than water. 油比水轻。 ⑥Blue and white make light blue. 蓝色和白色合在一起就成了浅蓝色。 ⑦In the light of these changes, we must revise our plan. 鉴于这些变化,我们必须重新修订我们的计划。 ⑧New evidence has recently come to light. 新的证据最近已披露出来。 ⑨The lightning flashed in the sky. 空中电光闪闪。 11. innermost adj. 最靠近中心的,最深处的;内心深处的 (1) inner adj. 里面的;内部的;内心的;隐藏的 (2) an inner courtyard 内院 (3) Inner Mongolia 内蒙古 (4) outermost adj. 最外边的;最远的 (5) the outermost planet 最远的行星 ①If we all look at our innermost desire, we will see our dreams are not so different. 如果每个人都能静下心来审视自己内心最深处的渴望,就会发现我们的梦想并非那么天差地别。 ②Loving relationships will give a child an inner sense of security. 亲昵关系会给予孩子内心一种安全感。 ③He fired and hit the outermost ring of the target. 他开枪射中了靶子的最外一环。 二、 短语扩充 (一) 英汉对记(57组) 1. the vastness of space(P2) 浩瀚的宇宙 2. explore the unknown 探索未知 3. advance our understanding of … 促进我们对……的理解 4. remain unshakeable 仍然不可动摇 5. undiscovered and unusual geological formations 未发现的不寻常的地质构造 6. dive to the bottom of the ocean潜到海底 7. beneath the waves 海浪之下 8. much of the marine life 大部分海洋生物 9. sink below 200 metres下沉到200米以下 10. twilight zone 中水层;过渡性的地区 11. live in this extreme environment(P3) 生活在这种极端的环境中 12. rely solely on … 仅仅依靠…… 13. evolve fascinating survival characteristics 进化出迷人的生存特征 14. detect slight changes 察觉细微的变化 15. increase the chances of reproduction 增加繁殖的几率 16. yet to be properly studied 尚未被真正研究 17. the Mariana Trench 马里亚纳海沟(已知地球上最深的海沟) 18. the Challenger Deep 挑战者深渊 19. far from boring一点也不无聊 20. be based on the Earth's planetary motions(P6) 基于地球的行星运动 21. spin once on its axis绕轴旋转一次 22. show distinct growth patterns显示出明显的增长模式 23. calculate the number of days计算天数 24. monthly and seasonal cycles of these tidal records这些潮汐记录的月周期和季节周期 25. roll down the mountain(P7) 滚下山 26. exercise its gravitational force利用重力 27. with regard to(P8) 关于 28. be described as … 被描述为…… 29. to put it simply简单地说 30. impact on the world's climate影响世界气候 31. rise by over 20 centimetres上升超过20厘米 32. the amount of greenhouse gases温室气体的数量 33. use sleds pulled by dogs(P9) 用狗拉的雪橇 34. celebrate Midsummer's Day庆祝仲夏节 35. reduce the negative effect(P10) 减少负面影响 36. crack the Earth open like an egg(P11) 把地球像鸡蛋一样砸开 37. the Earth's internal structure地球内部结构 38. analyse earthquake waves分析地震波 39. the Earth's make up地球构成 40. the intense pressure巨大的压力 41. better understand the geology of the Earth更好地了解地球的地质 42. solve the storage problem of hydrogen 解决氢气的储存问题 43. cast light on the origin of life 揭示生命的起源 44. exciting and enlightening discoveries令人兴奋且有启发性的发现 45. a thin layer of rock 一层薄薄的岩石 46. mix with other components 与其他成分混合 47. sweep up to the surface(P12) 浮到表面 48. volcanic lightning(P13) 火山闪电 49. polar lights 极光 50. karst landform 喀斯特地貌 51. green sand beach 绿色沙滩 52. red crab migration 红蟹迁徙 53. an optical phenomenon 一种光学现象 54. engage curious minds(P14) 吸引好奇的人 55. a rich diversity of 丰富多样的 56. range from towering mountains to spectacular gorges 从巍峨的群山到壮观的峡谷 57. gain an insight into … 深入了解…… (二) 同词类记(2组) call(6) 1. call at 停靠;(短时间)停留 2. call back 回电话 3. call for (公开)要求;需要 4. call in 打电话来;召来;要求退回 5. call off 取消;停止进行 6. call on 要求,请求 come(11) 1. come about发生 2. come into play 开始活动;开始起作用 3. come into being/existence 出现;产生 4. come into effect/force 生效 5. come into operation 开始运行;生效 6. come into use/service 开始投入使用 7. come into office/power 上任,执政 8. come to a stop 停了下来 9. come to maturity 变得成熟 10. come to an end 结束 11. come to the point 说到要点 三、 精选句型 1. We look upwards and wonder what lies beyond our planet. (P2) 2. Meanwhile, it is estimated that more than eighty per cent of the world's oceans are unexplored. (P2) 3. So, if we want to find exciting new life forms as well as undiscovered and unusual geological formations, the ocean is where we should also be looking. (P2) 4. Once past 1,000 metres, we have reached the deep ocean, where there is no light and temperatures drop just above freezing. (P2) 5. On reaching the ocean floor, we may see shrimps and other organisms around hydrothermal vents. (P3) 6. In addition to the vents and remarkable organisms, we cannot miss the Mariana Trench, located in the north western part of the Pacific Ocean. (P3) 7. While there is little life at such great depths, it is far from boring. (P3) 8. As you can see, the world beneath the surface of the ocean is indeed an amazing place. (P3) 9. With so much of the oceans left to explore, who knows what wonders still await us in the future? (P3) 10. Seldom do we doubt that a day is 24 hours long and that a year consists of 365 days. (P6) 11. It has been discovered that under certain extreme conditions of pressure and temperature, water forms ice cages that trap hydrogen inside. (P11) 12. This may help solve the storage problem of hydrogen and pave the way for cars to run on hydrogen fuel. (P11) 13. Other scientists hope that research into microorganisms deep inside the Earth would cast light on the origin of life. (P11) 14. Therefore, if life on the Earth can survive deep underground without sunlight, could life also be thriving beneath the surface of Mars? (P11) 15. The next time you take a walk, think about the importance of what lies beneath your feet. (P11) 四、 语法指南 倒装(Inversion) (一) 完全倒装 谓语完全移至主语之前的句子,叫完全倒装。这类句型主要有四种: 1. 表示方位的副词或介词短语,如here、there、up、down、in、out、on、off、away、in the room、on the wall等置于句首时。如: ①In the lecture hall of a university in England sits a professor. 在英格兰一所大学的讲堂里坐着一位教授。 ②On the top of the mountain stands an old temple. 山顶有一座古老的寺庙。 ③Here comes the bus. 公共汽车来了。 ④Out rushed the children. 孩子们冲了出去。 ⑤Away flew the birds. 小鸟飞走了。 【注意】主语是人称代词时,主语仍置于动词之前。如: ①Away they went. 他们走了。 ②Here you are. =Here it is. 给你。 ③Here it comes. 它来了。 2. such 位于句首时。如: Such was Einstein, a simple man and the 20th century's greatest scientist. 这就是爱因斯坦,一个简单的人,也是20世纪最伟大的科学家。 【注意】此句型中的such 多被认为是表语,所以such后的be动词应与其后“真正的主语”保持一致。如: Such are the facts; no one can deny them. 这就是事实,没有人能否定它们。 3. 表示存在的句型“there be+主语”。如: There are three chairs, a desk and a computer in the room. 房间里有三张椅子、一张桌子和一台电脑。 4. 形容词位于句首时。如: Present at the meeting were teachers, students and parents. 出席会议的有老师、学生和家长。 (二) 部分倒装 只把谓语的一部分(多为助动词或情态动词)置于主语之前的句子,叫部分倒装。这类句型主要有七种: 1. “only+状语(副词、介词短语或状语从句)”置于句首时。如: ①Only in this way can we learn English well. 只有这样,我们才能学好英语。 ②Only when he returned did we find out the truth. 直到他回来,我们才知道真相。 【注意】 ①在将正常语序的陈述句转换为部分倒装句时,如果谓语部分无助动词,则需借助助动词来构成倒装句。如: He learnt the sad news only after the war. =Only after the war did he learn the sad news. 他是在战后才知道这个不幸的消息的。 ②only 修饰状语从句时,从句中不可倒装。如: Only when he told me the news did I know what had happened. 直到他告诉我这个消息,我才知道发生了什么。 ③only 修饰主语时,句子不可倒装。如: Only he can answer the question. 只有他能回答这个问题。 2. 否定副词never、neither、nor、not、hardly、little、seldom等置于句首时。如: ①Never have I seen such a moving film before. 我以前从未看过如此感人的电影。 ②Not a single mistake did he make. 他一个错误也没犯。 3. hardly … when …/no sooner … than … 放在句首引导两个分句时,将前一分句中的主谓倒装,后一分句中主谓语序不变。如: Hardly had he begun to speak when his father stopped him. 他刚开口说话就被父亲制止了。 4. 五个重要的固定句型。 (1) so+助动词+主语。如: We love having lots of friends; so do they. 我们喜欢有很多朋友;他们也是如此。 【注意】当前面有两个形式不同的动词时,则用So it is/was with sb。如: Marx was born in Germany but he spoke French very well. So it was with Engels. 马克思出生在德国,但他的法语说得很好。恩格斯也是如此。 (2) neither/nor+助动词+主语。如: I have never been abroad. Neither/Nor has he. 我从未出过国。他也没有。 (3) so/such+adj./adv. … that …句型置于句首时。如: ①So loudly did he speak that even the people in the next room could hear him. 他的声音如此大以至于隔壁屋子里的人都听得见。 ②Such good students have they become that everyone feels surprised. 他们已经成了如此优秀的学生,每个人都很惊讶。 【注意】在这个句型中,so引导的句子倒装,而that 引导的句子不倒装。 (4) not only … but also …句型置于句首时。如: Not only will help be given to people to find jobs, but also medical treatment will be provided for people who need it. 不仅会给那些找工作的人提供帮助,而且也会为需要的人提供医疗帮助。 【注意】也可以写成not only … but … 或not only … but … as well 的形式,且but (also)后面的句子不必倒装。 (5) not until …句型置于句首时。如: Not until he returned did we have supper. 直到他回来我们才吃晚饭。 5. 虚拟条件从句中,如果有should、were或had,则可省略if,将should、were或had提到句首,进行倒装。 Had he come earlier(=If he had come earlier), he would have seen the famous star. 他如果早点来,就能看到那个著名的明星了。 6. 含否定词且表否定意义的介词短语by no means、in no way、under no circumstances、at no time等置于句首时。如: By no means can you persuade me to leave my home. 你无论如何也不能说服我离开我的家。 【注意】并非所有含否定词的介词短语置于句首都部分倒装。如: In no time(=Soon) I will come back. 我马上就回来。 7. as引导让步状语从句时。如: Tired as he was, he didn't stop working. 尽管他很累,但他没有停止工作。 五、 话题写作 (一) 佳句积累 1. I know you are very interested in ping pong, which is regarded as the national sport of China, so I really hope you can join our school team. (which引导非限制性定语从句) 2. Not only does collecting stamps give me great satisfaction, but it also helps me relax under the pressure of studies. (倒装句) 3. I can't ever recall Dad hugging me. Neither did I sit on his knee. (倒装句) 4. The earth moves around the sun, as we all know. (as引导非限制性定语从句) 5. Never for a moment can I stop my love for reading because books are wise teachers as well as good friends in my life. Books are the source of knowledge and power, from which I benefit a lot. (倒装句;because引导原因状语从句;from which引导非限制性定语从句) 6. In my opinion, the more interested people are, the more knowledge they will get. So interest is the best teacher of learning. (比较级句式) 7. Watching TV can bring us a lot of pleasure and teach us a lot, but spending too much time on it may do harm to our eyes and make us tired. So we should do sports at times when we are free from work. (动名词短语做主语;when引导时间状语从句) 8. Music is so appealing to me that I always listen to music whenever I'm free, which takes me to a different world. The feeling is beyond my words. It has become such an important part in my life that I can hardly imagine what life would be like without music. (so … that …引导状语从句;which引导非限制性定语从句;what引导宾语从句) (二) 佳作欣赏 假定你是李华,你的美国笔友Jim得知你上周参加了学校举行的运动会,他对此很感兴趣。请你用英语给他写一封邮件,内容包括: 1. 运动会的情况; 2. 你参加的项目; 3. 你的感受。 注意: 1. 写作词数应为80左右; 2. 请按如下格式作答。 Dear Jim, _ Yours, Li Hua One possible version: Dear_Jim, How's everything going? I'd like to tell you something about the sports meeting in our school. All students took part in the sports meeting held on the sports field last week. I participated in the 4 100 metre relay which was one of the most exciting events. It was with our joint efforts that our class won the first place in this event at last. Not only did we enjoy the speed and passion in the competition, but we also strengthened the team spirit. Would you like to tell me how you exercise at school? Looking forward to your reply. Yours, Li_Hua 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $