Unit 4 Adversity And Courage Period 2 Reading and Thinking—Language focus教学设计-2025-2026学年高中英语人教版选择性必修第三册

Teaching and Learning Design Book3 Unit4 Adversity And Courage 教学设计 Period 2 Teaching and learning contents: Reading and thinking—Language Focus and Thinking Quality Development Comprehensive teaching and learning objectives: By the end of this period, the students will have been able to: 1) Learn about the usages of new words, chunks and sentence patterns and try to use them in real language situations to improve language competence; 2) Comprehend the text better to reconstruct the text and improve thinking quality. Teaching and learning important points: 1) Language focus and better reading comprehension; 2) Text reconstruction and thinking quality improvement. Teaching and learning difficult points: New language items learning, text reconstruction and thinking quality improvement. Teaching and learning procedure: Step 1 Review Activity 1 Review Check the answers to the reading comprehension exercises in the reference book to review the main content of the text to improve the students’ reading comprehension of the text. Step 2 Language Focus (In this step, the teacher explains some of the new and important language items in the context by offering some examples so that the students could comprehend the text better, and also focus on how to use the language items in specific language situations created by the teacher or doing some exercises such as sentence making and blank-filling exercises to help the students to grasp their usages.) Activity 2 Learning about the new language items Learn about the following new language items: 1. for a dangerous journey: small wages, bitter cold, long months of complete darkness, constant danger, and safe return uncertain. 危险的旅程：工资低，严寒，长达数月的完全黑暗，持续的危险，安全返回的不确定。 1) wage n. 工资, 工钱 e.g. Workers in these stores earn a good wage. Wages were paid on Fridays. 辨析：salary, wage, pay, income salary 通常指按月发放的薪水、薪金 wage 指技工或一般体力劳动者的工资，尤指按小时支付的工资或日薪、周薪。 pay 指工资、工作报酬 income 指收入、收益、所得 2) bitter adj. 激烈的；愤愤不平的；痛苦的；寒冷刺骨的；苦的 e.g. Losing the match was a bitter disappointment for the team. 输掉这场比赛对这个队来说是一件伤心失望的事。 I’ve learnt from bitter experience not to trust what he says. 我已从痛苦的经验中得到了教训，不要相信他的话。 Black coffee leaves a bitter taste in the mouth. 清咖啡在嘴里留下苦味。 2. Below are some of Blackborow’s diary entries. 以下是一些布莱克博罗的日记。 句式结构：完全倒装。 (1)当表语是分词、副词、形容词(短语)、介词短语，而主语比较长且主语是名词时，为了保持平衡或强调表语,常把表语放在句首，引起句子完全倒装。句型结构为:分词/副词/形容词(短语)/介词短语+be+主语。(2)表示处所、时间、方位等的副词或介词(短语)，如 here，there，now，then，up，down，in，out,，off 等放在句首，主语是名词，且谓语动词是 be，lie，sit，stand，come，go，exist，live，rush等不及物动词时，句子用完全倒装。 (3)there be句型也属于一种完全倒装句。该句型中的be可以替换成表示“存在”的动词，如live，exist，lie，stand，seem，rise，remain，happen，come，go等。句型结构为：there+存在类动词+主语。完全倒装结构的时态通常只限于一般现在时或一般过去时。 e.g. Then appeared a shabby house and in we popped. 然后出现了一间破旧的房子，我们就进去了。 Present at the party were Mr Green and many other guests last night. In front of our school lies a beautiful river, where we will relax ourselves after school. There remains some doubt among the public as to whether the policy will work. Between the two mountains stands an ancient temple. Buried in the sands was an ancient village.一个古老的村庄被埋在沙土之中。 3. …Well, it so happened that one morning I bought a newspaper and read the advertisement about the Antarctic expedition. ……嗯，碰巧有一天早上，我买了一份报纸，读到了关于南极探险的广告。 句式结构：it是形式主语，that引导的从句是真正的主语。 Happen的用法： It happens (chances) that…碰巧…… sb. happen(s) to do sth. 某人碰巧做某事 sth. happened to sb. 某事发生在某人身上 e.g. It happens that his elder sister is a good friend of mine. It chanced that the winter of that year was a severe one. 碰巧那年冬天很严寒。 She happened to have just finished reading the book. Something unexpected must have happened to him if he didn’t turn up at the party. 4. However, when I applied to join the expedition, Shackleton turned me down because he thought I was too young and wasn’t qualified. 然而，当我申请加入探险队时，沙克尔顿拒绝了我，因为他认为我太年轻，不符合资格。 1) turn sb. down拒绝(某人)(= refuse to accept or reject) e.g. David applied for the position but we had to turn him down because he was too old. 大卫申请了这个职位,可是我们只得拒绝他，因为他年纪太大了。 turn to求助于；翻到(书的某页)；转向；开始做 turn in 上交 turn on 打开(水、煤气、电灯等) turn off关上(水、煤气、电灯等) turn out结果是；证明是；生产出 turn up 调高；出现 turn down调低，关小(=reduce in speed or volume) e.g. Earlier that week, I had turned in my first job application at a local pool. Whether we need more food depends on how many people turn up. Do you really want to turn down that kind of help? It turns out that students favor the entertaining ways over the traditional ones when it comes to English learning. 事实证明，在英语学习方面，学生更喜欢娱乐的方式，而不是传统的方式。 2) qualified adj.符合资格；具备……的知识(或技能、学历等) qualify vi. vt.取得资格，有资格；使具备资格 qualification n.资格；资历；学历 be qualified for (doing) sth/be qualified to do sth有(做)……的资格;可胜任…… qualify sb. as使某人有资格成为…… qualify sb. for使某人合格；使某人有资格 e.g. There is no doubt that you are qualified enough and experienced in presenting your ideas. 毫无疑问，你在表达你的想法方面有足够的资格和经验。 So I think I am highly qualified for the job. I was qualified as a doctor from London University over 30 years ago. I have got a computer engineer’s qualification certificate. Last but not least, I think I am qualified to be a volunteer. 最后但同样重要的是，我认为我有资格成为一名志愿者。 5. But I was so enthusiastic about the idea of going along with them that I secretly went aboard his ship, the Endurance, and hid in a small cupboard. 但我对和他们一起去的想法非常热情，于是我偷偷登上了他的船“坚忍”号，藏在一个小橱柜里。 1) 句式结构：so/such...that...引导结果状语从句。 (1) so+ 形容词/副词/形容词+a(n)+单数可数名词/many/few+复数名词/much/little(少的)+不可数名词)/+that... (2) such+ a(n)+形容词+单数可数名词/形容词+不可数名词/形容词+复数名词 +that... (3)当名词前有little，若little 意为“少”，表数量，则其前用so修饰；若little 意为“小”，则用such 修饰。“so+adj./adv.”或“such+被修饰成分”位于句首，主句中用部分倒装结构。 e.g. David, you have worked so hard for this event that I deeply believe that you can make it. 大卫，你为这次活动付出了巨大的努力，我坚信你能成功。 It is such a great experience that I will hold the memory in my heart forever. 这次的经历太棒了，我会把这份回忆永远记在心里。 I am faced with so many difficulties that I have to ask you for some help. I have such a good command of English that I am elected as assistant to my English teacher. John Snow was such a well-known doctor in London that he attended Queen Victoria to ease the birth of her babies. →John Snow was so well-known a doctor in London that he attended Queen Victoria to ease the birth of her babies. 2) enthusiastic adj. 热情的；热心的 enthusiastically adv. 热情地;激动地 enthusiasm n. 热情；热心 enthusiast n. 热心者; 爱好者 be enthusiastic about (doing) sth 对(做)某事热情/感兴趣 enthusiasm for (doing) sth. 对(做)某事的热情 with (great) enthusiasm (非常)热情地 full of enthusiasm充满热情 e.g. I am not only enthusiastic but also easy to get along with, which makes me qualified for the voluntary work advertised in the newspaper. 我不仅热情而且容易相处，这使得我能胜任报纸上所刊登的志愿者工作。 He is selfish and bad-tempered. Thus, he will never be enthusiastic about helping those in trouble. Inspired by the enthusiasm and encouragement, David quickened his pace in high spirits. Classmates all appeared on the racing track, cheering for David. “Come on! You can make it! We are proud of you!” they shouted in an enthusiastic voice. 同学们都出现在赛道上, 为大卫加油。“加油! 你能做到! 我们为你感到骄傲!”他们用热情的声音喊道。 3) aboard adv. prep. 在(船、飞机、公共汽车、火车等)上；上(船、飞机、公共汽车、火车等) board n. 木板，牌子 v. 上(船、飞机、火车等) on board 在(船、飞机、火车等)上 (可与aboard互换) abroad adv. 在国外, 到国外 e.g. They said goodbye to him as he got aboard the train. There was a “For Sale” board outside the house. Then we boarded the car and headed for the train station. Ali told me that you are going on board / aboard this afternoon. She worked abroad for a year. 6. He assigned me to be a steward, and I now serve meals for twenty-eight men, three times a day. 他指派我当管家，现在我每天三次为二十八个人提供膳食。 1) assign vt.分派；布置；分配；指定; 指派 assignment n.分配；任务；作业 assign sth. to sb.=assign sb. sth 分配某人某物/某事 assign sb. to sth/as sth. 指派某人做某一项工作/任某一职位 assign sb. to do sth. 派某人做某事 e.g. I was assigned to dig the pits and my deskmate’s assignment was to put soil into the pits. 我被派去挖坑，我同桌的任务是往坑里填土。 During the Tree Planting Day, our monitor assigned each student a specific task/assigned a specific task to each student. 在植树节期间，我们班长分配给每名学生一个具体的任务。 In her study, participants were randomly assigned to two groups. 在她的研究中参与者被随机分为两组。 I was in group 4 whose assignment was to help the elderly clean their windows. 2) steward n. (船舶，飞机或火车上的)服务员，乘务员；(私人)管家；(比赛等公共活动的)组织者 stewardess n. (飞机上的)服务员，空中小姐；(轮船或火车上的）女乘务员，女服务员 7. How everyone will envy me when I come back and tell them about the amazing places I have been to! 当我回来告诉他们我去过的那些神奇的地方时，每个人都会多么羡慕我！ envy n. vt. 羡慕；妒忌 envious adj. 羡慕的；妒忌的 enviously adv. 羡慕地；妒忌地 envy sth./sb. 妒忌/羡慕某人/某事 envy sb. (doing) sth 妒忌/羡慕某人(做)某事 be the envy of sb. 成为某人羡慕(或妒忌)的对象 green with envy非常妒忌；非常眼红 be envious of羡慕的；妒忌的 e.g. Honestly speaking, I do envy you getting the title of the Excellent Graduate and I should follow your example. 老实说，我真羡慕你获得了优秀毕业生的称号，我应该向你学习。 Everyone who knew him could not help envying him having such a close family. You needn’t be envious of their success, but you just need to do your best. Not only is she fluent in English but she also has much perseverance. She is the envy of all her friends. 她不仅英语说得流利而且非常有毅力。她所有的朋友都羡慕她。 Despite his weakness in his body, David never envied others their advantages, but just tried his best to do what he wanted to do. 尽管身体虚弱，大卫从不嫉妒别人的优点，只是尽力做自己想做的事。 8. And when the ship sank, our hearts sank with it. 当船沉没时，我们的心也随之沉了下去。 sink (sink-sank-sunk) vi. 沉没, 下沉；下降 vt. 使下沉，使沉没 be sunk in sth. 陷入不快(或沉思)中 e.g. The ship struck the rocks and sank. 船触礁沉没了。 The sun was sinking behind the coconut palms. 太阳正沉入椰子树后面。 Five brothers all died when their ship was sunk. 他们的船沉没时，五兄弟都死了。 She just sat there, sunk (lost) in thought. 她只是坐在那里，陷入沉思。 9. Before we abandoned the ship, Shackleton calmly called us together and told us to rescue our most essential supplies — the small boats, our food, the cook stove, candles, clothes and blankets. 在我们弃船之前，沙克尔顿平静地把我们召集在一起，告诉我们营救我们最基本的物资——小船、食物、炉灶、蜡烛、衣服和毯子。 abandon vt.舍弃；抛弃；放弃；遗弃 n.放任；放纵 abandoned adj.被遗弃的；放纵的 abandon oneself to... 沉湎/纵情于……(to为介词) with abandon放纵地；放任地 abandon doing sth. 放弃做某事 e.g. An abandoned baby was found in a box on the hospital steps. While running, David tripped and fell, but he didn’t abandon his race. 在跑步时，大卫绊了一下摔倒了，但他没有放弃比赛。 We sang, danced, and laughed with abandon, forgetting the troubles in our lives. 我们放纵地唱歌、跳舞、大笑，忘却了生活中的烦恼。 他沉迷于网络游戏，难以集中精力学习。 →Abandoning himself to online games, he had difficulty concentrating on his studies →Abandoned to online games, he had difficulty concentrating on his studies. →He abandoned himself to/was abandoned to online games and he had difficulty concentrating on his studies. 10. belongings n. [pl.]财物；动产 belonging n. 归属 belong vi. 属于；为……的一员 a sense of belonging归属感 belong to sb. 属于某人，归某人所有 belong to sth　是(俱乐部、组织等)的成员，是(某族类或纲目)的一部分 belong to没有被动语态，也不能用于进行时态；to为介词，后接名词、代词或动名词。 e.g. My heart sank when I learned that all my belongings had been stolen. 当我得知我所有的财物都被偷了时，我的心一沉。 The taxi driver often reminds passengers to take their belongings when they leave the car. He thought it must belong to the kind man who had given him 50 dollars. I eventually found a sense of belonging and a long-expected smile flickered across my lips. 我最终找到了一种归属感，我的嘴角露出了久违的笑容。 When I was a teenager, my father happened to take me to an airport which belonged to one of his friends. →When I was a teenager, my father happened to take me to an airport belonging to one of his friends. 11. ....the voyage was too dangerous and difficult for all of us to make it in our small boats. ……这次航行太危险、太困难，无法让所有人都乘坐小船到达那里。 句式结构：too...to...的用法。(1) too + adj./adv.(for sb.) + to do sth表示否定的意义，意思是“太……而不能……”。(2)当too...to...用来修饰表达人的态度、情绪倾向的形容词，如anxious, eager, glad, happy, pleased, ready, willing等时，不定式表示肯定意义。(3) can’t/can never...too...再怎么……也不过分。 e.g. The sentence is too difficult for me to translate. It was too late to repair the damage done to their relationship. 太晚了，无法弥补他们的关系所遭受的创伤了。 They argued that for one thing, teenagers were too young to take up some work. 他们认为，一方面，青少年太年轻，不能从事一些工作。 Everyone was too joyful to see that David reached the final line and ranked 20th. 每个人都很高兴地看到大卫冲到了终点线，排名第20。 When you cross the street, you cannot be too careful. 12. Without Frank and Ernest, we’d all be dead by now. 没有弗兰克和欧内斯特，我们现在都已经死了。 本句是隐含条件的虚拟语气。在虚拟语气中，隐含条件是指该句不直接使用if, as if或if only等表示条件的连词，而是用单词、短语、分词、从句或上下文关系来间接地表示。 e.g. Without your support and encouragement, I would not have succeeded. But for the captain, the ship would have sunk with all on board. With more money and time, we could have done it better. Given more time and money, he could have done better than what it is now. He can’t be ill, or he wouldn’t have come. I’m lucky that I’m interested in schoolwork, otherwise I’d go mad. 13. Their genuine concern for others, their perseverance, and their resolve fill me with hope. 他们对他人的真诚关心、毅力和决心让我充满希望。 resolve vi. vt.决定；决心；解决(问题或困难)；n.决心；坚定的信念 resolution n. 决议；解决；坚定 resolve to do sth决定做某事 resolve on (doing) sth 决定/决心(做)某事 e.g. To resolve conflicts, we should learn to communicate more and put ourselves in others’ place. 为了解决冲突，我们应该学会多沟通,设身处地地为他人着想。 He resolved not to tell her the truth. (vt.决定；决心) The conflict is unlikely to be resolved in the near future. (vt.解决) Now the number of students who resolve on studying abroad after graduation is on the decrease. The difficulties in her way merely strengthened her resolve. Step 3 Post Reading—Text reconstruction and thinking quality improvement Activity 3 Text reconstruction and thinking quality improvement 1. Imagine you are Perce Blackborow. Write a message in a bottle to explain your situation and ask for help. Suggested answer: Help! My shipmates and I are trapped on Elephant Island, near South Georgia Island. We have no decent place to sleep and almost no food and water. Please send help as soon as possible! Yours faithfully, Perce Blackborow of the Sir Ernest Shackleton expedition to the South Pole 2. Reconstruct the text by retelling the text, using some of the language items above. Step 4 Evaluation and summary Activity 4 Self-evaluation Guide the students to reflect on their learning of this period by considering the following aspects. 1. How is your mastery of the new language items? (Good/Fairly good/Moderate/Just so so/Poor) 2. How is your learning performance? (Good/Fairly good/Moderate/Just so so/Poor) 3. How do you understand the importance of perseverance and courage? (Good/Fairly good/Moderate/Just so so/Poor) Activity 5 Summary (The teacher) Summarize the usages of the main language items of this period briefly and encourage the students to face adversity with endurance, perseverance and courage. Homework: 1. Arrange notes after class to consolidate the new language items. 2. Complete the vocabulary exercises in the workbook. 3. Complete the vocabulary exercises in the reference book. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $