Unit 1 Past and present Grammar课件2025-2026学年译林版八年级英语下册

英 语 （译林版新教材） 8B Unit 1 Past and present 八年级下册 8B Unit 1 Grammar Grammar Objectives 01 sum up the rules of the present perfect tense. 02 finish the exercises using the present perfect. At the end of this lesson, you will be able to Read the conversation below and answer the questions. I've just found out many things about Shenzhen from my uncle. He's lived there since he finished college. Really? What did he tell you? He said there are a lot more jobs now in Shenzhen, and the living conditions are much better. That's nice. Did he tell you anything else? Yes.Transport has also improved a lot. People can get around the city easily. Wow. I hope one day I can visit Shenzhen. Have you been to Shenzhen before? I’ve only been there once, but I’m planning to go there again this summer. You can join me! Great idea! Millie: Sandy: Millie: Sandy: Millie: Sandy: Millie: Sandy: What changes has taken place in Shenzhen? Which tense is used in the underlined sentences? present perfect tense (现在完成时) 你知道动词过去分词的变化规则吗？ We form the present perfect with ____________________ _________ of the main verb. have / has + the past participle Have/Has + subject+ done...? Yes, subject + have/has. No, subject + haven’t/hasn’t. Form the sentence structures Grammar Base form 动词原形 Simple Past 过去式 变化规则 look look look move move move carry carr carr stop stop stop 一般动词，加ed 以不发音的e结尾的动词，加d 以“辅音+y”结尾的动词，变y为i，再加ed 以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词，双写词尾辅音字母，再加ed 大多数动词的过去分词的变化 ed ed d d Past Participle 过去分词 ed ed p p ed y i ed y i Have a try She has cleaned the kitchen. (改为否定句) She ________ cleaned the kitchen. 2. They have visited some interesting places in China. (改为一般疑问句) ______ they _______ ____ interesting places in China? 3. They have borrowed ten books from the library. (对划线部分提问) _____ _______ books ______ they _________ from the library? hasn’t Have visited any How many have borrowed 现在完成时的一般疑问句 Have you arrived？ Has she arrived？ Have/Has 主语 Have Tom and Jane arrived？ 肯定句的主语和have/has调换位置变一般疑问句 过去分词 Yes, I have. / No, I haven’t. Yes, she has. / No, she hasn’t. Yes, they have. / No, they have’t. 现在完成时 过去持续到现在的动作或状态 过去的行为对现在产生影响 动作已经发生0-多次 结构: 标志词: 主语+have/has done+其它 already,ever,just,never,recently,yet,before since,for,in the past years, over/during the years, in recent years, so far When to use? has changed has turned has improved have moved built haven’t visited There are many changes in Sunshine Town... 现在完成时与for和since的用法 I have been here for 10 days. I have been here since 10 days ago. I have been here since I was born. for+一段时间 since+时间点（年月周日时） I have been here since January 10th. since+时间段+ago since+一般过去时从句 has changed has turned has improved have moved built haven’t visited Q: Why should we use the present perfect tense? 现在完成时的肯定句、否定句与一般疑问句 肯定句 否定句 一般疑问句 肯定回答 否定回答 sb have/has done (sth). sb have/has not done (sth). Have/Has sb arrived? Yes, sb have/has. No, sb haven’t/hasn’t . I have We have You have They have He/She/It has have not has not =I’ve =We’ve =You’ve =They’ve =He’s/She’s/It’s =haven’t =hasn’t found has worked left went returned has have visited bought Millie is watching an interview. A reporter is interviewing a foreigner who has lived in Shenzhen for many years. Read the interview script and fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets. have lived have been have been are Have have fallen noticed enjoy Time adverbials ❀ over / in the (past / last) years “在(过去的)这几年间” e.g. Great changes __________ (take) place over / in the past ten years. have taken e.g. We ____________ (learn) many English songs so far. have learned ❀ so far, up to now, until / till now “到目前为止” Talk about the changes in Moonlight Town, using the correct tenses. Topic Great changes have taken place in Moonlight Town over the years. Facts Past Present Environment _____ roads, , large open spaces… ______ streets, ____trees _____ buildings Life ____houses, rest in the shade of a tree ___ flats, computers, smart phones Transport Opinion Now people are enjoying a comfortable life. ❀ already “己经” 用于肯定句 句中(助后实前)/句末 e.g. I’ve already had breakfast. = I’ve had breakfast already. “还(没)”用于否定句 句末 “己经” 用于疑问句 句末 I haven’t had breakfast yet. Have you had breakfast yet? ❀ yet 当在肯定陈述句中含有already时，在转换成否定句或疑问句时，要把句中的already 去掉，在句末加上yet. I _______already ________(collect) some stamps. have collected 否：I ________ __________ any stamps______. haven’t collected yet 疑：________ you __________ any stamps______? Have collected yet Time adverbials Present perfect tense 过去分词的构成 finish / repair change / live try / study stop / plan 规则动词+ed 以e结尾的+d 以辅音字母y结尾的-y+ied 以元音+辅音结尾的短动词，双写尾字母+ed ❀ already “己经” 用于肯定句 句中(助后实前)/句末 e.g. I’ve already had breakfast. = I’ve had breakfast already. “还(没)”用于否定句 句末 “己经” 用于疑问句 句末 I haven’t had breakfast yet. Have you had breakfast yet? ❀ yet ❀ ever “曾经” 用于肯定句/一般疑问句 句中 ❀ never “从未” 用于否定句 句中 e.g. Have you ever eaten Beijing Duck? e.g. He has never read the story. —Have you ______seen the movie? —Yes, I have. never B. ever C. just D. yet Time adverbials Many changes have taken place in Moonlight Town over the years. In the past, there were only narrow and muddy roads in the small town. There was rubbish everywhere. But now the streets are wide and clean, with many green trees on both sides. The government has also built tall buildings in some large open spaces. Years ago, people lived in small old houses. Now most of them have moved into new flats. They used to rest in the shade of trees in their free time, but now they surf the Internet with computers. Moreover, smart phones make life much easier now. In the past, people traveled around the town on foot or by bicycle, but now they can go around by taxi. Many families even have their own cars. Now people are enjoyin a comfortable life. Sample Thank you $