专题02 Unit 1-Unit4单元重点语法（动词不定式、动名词和被动语态）精讲精练75题（五大题型）-2025-2026学年八年级英语下学期期中总复习押题预测（新教材沪教版）

2025-2026学年一线教师制作新教材英语核心题型讲通练透系列资料，名师甄选！ 2025-2026学年一线教师制作新教材英语核心题型讲通练透系列资料，名师甄选！ 专题02 U1-U4单元重点语法 （动词不定式、动名词和被动语态）精讲精练75题 （五大题型） (   精   练   导   航 ) 一、U1语法：动词不定式 1 二、U2语法：动名词 5 三、U3语法：一般现在时的被动语态 10 四、U4语法：一般过去时、一般将来时被动语态 14 (   语   法   精   练 ) 一、U1语法：动词不定式 1．Mr. White is humorous. He makes us ________ a lot. A．to laugh B．laughing C．laugh D．laughs 2．Do you know when ________ tomorrow morning? A．leave B．leaving C．to leave D．will leave 3．Our teacher told us________ spend so much time playing computer games. A．don’t B．not C．will not D．not to 4．Fu Xing started swimming ________ her fear of water. A．overcome B．overcoming C．to overcome D．overcame 5．—Would you like ________ to the cinema with me? —Yes, I’d love to. It’s a good way to relax. A．go B．goes C．going D．to go 6．We have two rooms ________, but I can’t decide ________. A．to live, to choose which one B．lived, choose which one C．live, which one D．to live in, which one to choose 7．In order to ________ healthy, we need to have enough sleep every day. A．keep B．keeping C．keeps D．kept 8．The oral English test is coming. What else should we pay attention to________ our marks? A．to improve B．improving C．improve D．improved 9．It’s common for close friends ________ have many hobbies ________ common. A．to; in B．in; to C．for; with D．with; for 10．—What are you going to do this weekend? —I plan ________ hiking with my friends. A．go B．to go C．going D．go to 11．The teacher often tells us ________ in the main street. A．not to play B．don’t play C．not play D．to not play 12．My mother always encourages me ________ English every day. A．practicing speaking B．to practice speaking C．to practice to speak D．practice speaking 13．Which sentence is grammatically correct? A．China is famous as the Great Wall and the Palace Museum. B．The Great Wall is one of the greatest wonder in the world. C．I am proud to be a Chinese and love Amazing China. D．Many foreign people come to China visit our great places. 14．Many foreign visitors come to visit China ________ its amazing places every year. A．to see B．see C．seeing D．saw 15．—What will you do if you see someone littering on the beach? — I will stop him and tell him it’s everyone’s responsibility _________ the environment. A．protect B．protecting C．to protect D．protected 16．We should do something ________ the rare animals ________ disappearing. A．to protect; from B．protect; from C．to protect; for D．protect; for 17．She hopes ________ the Great Wall with her family during the holiday. A．visit B．to visit C．visiting D．visited 18．—What do you want to be in the future? —My father expects me________ a successful doctor, but I am more interested in music. A．become B．to be C．becoming D．being 19．Earth Day is on April 22nd. It reminds us________ and protect our earth. A．loving B．to loving C．love D．to love 20．We must do something ________ the animals in danger. A．save B．saving C．to save D．saved 二、U2语法：动名词 21．The Three Gorges Dam plays a crucial role in ________ floods in China. A．preventing B．causing C．increasing D．reducing 22．Staying calm can improve our chances of ________ in an earthquake. A．survive B．surviving C．to survive D．survived 23．As students, we should know the importance of ________ the environment. A．protect B．protecting C．to protect D．protected 24．You should keep ________ and never give up. A．try B．trying C．to try D．tried 25．She is good at ________ stories for children. A．write B．to write C．writing D．writes 26．The poem Thoughts on a Tranquil Night is about ________ home. A．miss B．missed C．missing D．to miss 27．The rain stopped ________ and the children went out to play happily. A．falling B．to fall C．fall D．fell 28．Growing up ________ both pains and gains. It’s a meaningful process. A．brings B．bring C．brought D．bringing 29．Which sentence is WRONG? A．Body language is very important in communication. B．Eye contact is important when we talk with others. C．Stand straight can make you look confident. D．Different countries have different body language. 30．This book is very educational and meaningful, so it is well worth ________ carefully. A．read B．to read C．reading D．reads 31．Many middle school students have difficulty ________ English novels without a dictionary. A．read B．reading C．to read D．reads 32．The story is so funny and interesting that I couldn’t help ________ aloud when I read it alone. A．laugh B．laughing C．to laugh D．laughed 33．—Now it’s the flu season. —Yes. The doctor always advises people not to go to crowded places. It stops us from ________ the flu. A．has B．have C．to have D．having 34．I used to ________ up late, but now I get used to ________ early to read English. A．stay; get B．stay; getting C．staying; get D．staying; getting 35．________ bright-colored clothes can make people feel happier and more active. A．Wear B．Wears C．Wearing D．Wore 36．We can know the world well without ________ home with the help of the Internet. A．leave B．leaving C．to leave D．left 37．I used to ________ up late, but now I get used to ________ early to read English. A．stay; get up B．stay; getting up C．staying; get up D．staying; getting up 38．My parents don’t allow ________ in the living room, and my parents only allow me ________ TV on weekends. A．eating; to watch B．to eat; watching C．eating; watched D．allow to eat; to watch 39．Don’t be afraid of ________ mistakes when you speak English. It’s the best way to learn a language. A．make B．making C．to make D．made 40．—When did you finish ________ the room? — At about 4:00 p.m. We were about ________ home when it rained. A．cleaning; going B．cleaning; to go C．to clean; going D．to clean; to go 三、U3语法：一般现在时的被动语态 41．The proposal for students to follow public rules _________ by all the teachers and students in our school. A．is welcomed B．welcomes C．welcomed D．was welcoming 42．Cultures influence unspoken rules. So unspoken rules ________ by cultures. A．influence B．influenced C．are influenced D．is influenced 43．Unspoken rules ________ often ________ for granted. A．is; take B．are; taken C．is; taken D．are; take 44．Sometimes spoken rules ________ by people. A．ignore B．ignores C．are ignored D．is ignored 45．—What do you think of the internet? — I think the world ________ by the internet. A．changed B．is changed C．was changed D．has changed 46．Every year, a large number of trees ________ down to make paper. We should use both sides of the paper to save trees. A．are cut B．were cut C．have cut D．will cut 47．—How does your father help you in your life? —When things aren’t going well, I ________ not to give up by him. A．encourage B．encouraged C．will encourage D．am encouraged 48．The skill of silk weaving ________ down from generation to generation in this village. A．pass B．passes C．is passed D．passing 49．—Can you go to the charity sale with me this Saturday? —I’m afraid not. I can’t go out until my homework ________. A．finishes B．is finished C．will finish D．will be finished 50．Don’t give your personal information to others unless it ________ by your parents. A．requires B．is required C．will require D．will be required 51．When you ________ to speak at the charity meeting, you should speak clearly and loudly. A．ask B．will ask C．are asked D．will be asked 52．More and more new energy cars ________ by Chinese people in their daily life now. A．use B．are used C．were used D．will be used 53．Charity activities ________ to help the poor every year. A．plan B．planned C．are planned D．were planned 54．Angry characters ________ sharp teeth and huge mouths. A．give B．are given C．is given D．gives 55．Nowadays, most animated films ________ by hand. A．are not drawn B．is not drawn C．don’t draw D．doesn’t draw 四、U4语法：一般过去时、一般将来时被动语态 56．—When ________ the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal built? —More than 2,500 years ago. A．is B．was C．are D．were 57．Paper money has a long history in China. It ________ first used during the Song Dynasty. A．is B．was C．will be D．has been 58．When I opened the old book, I ________ by a photo of my grandfather in it. A．attracted B．was attracted C．am attracted D．have attracted 59．— How did your mum do homework when she was a student? — Everything ________ by hand on paper. A．wrote B．is written C．was written D．was writing 60．This beautiful model plane ________ my brother for my birthday last week. A．is made of B．was made by C．is made in D．was made from 61．The two parts of the painting ________ together in 2011. A．show B．showed C．was shown D．were shown 62．Binhai New Area Library ________ in 2017. We are proud of it. A．is built B．was built C．is building D．builds 63．He was seen ________ basketball on the playground just now. A．play B．to play C．played D．playing 64．—Who is the writer of the book Gulliver’s Travels? —It ________ by Jonathan Swift. A．writes B．wrote C．is written D．was written 65．Because of the heavy snow, all the visitors ________ to stay inside the hotel yesterday. A．warned B．are warned C．were warned D．have warned 66．Someone has called 120. The little girl ________ to hospital in a few minutes. A．takes B．is taking C．was taken D．will be taken 67．—Will many jobs________ by AI technology? —I’m not sure, but I know AI technology is developing faster and faster. A．replace B．is replaced C．be replaced D．was replaced 68．Many traditional jobs ________ by new technologies in the future. A．are replaced B．were replaced C．have been replaced D．will be replaced 69．An artist under the age of 18 ________ a special prize. A．will give B．will be given C．is given D．gave 70．People who eat on the subway in Hong Kong ________. A．punished B．have punished C．were punished D．will be punished 71．Good news! Another three bridges ________ over the Hanjiang River in the following years. A．will be built B．are built C．have built D．build 72．—Do you know a new wetland park ________ in our city next year? —Yes. It will be the largest one in the whole province to protect wild birds. A．will build B．is built C．will be built D．builds 73．A new recycling program ________ in our neighbourhood by our community next month. A．will start B．will be started C．starts D．is started 74．When ________ the show ________ tomorrow? A．will; hold B．is; going to hold C．will; be held D．is; held 75．—Who will show you to the new energy exhibition this weekend? —I ________ there by my father, and he is also interested in electric cars. A．will show B．am shown C．will be shown D．was shown 6 立足新教材，自学有章法，练习有重点！ 7 立足新教材，自学有章法，练习有重点！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2025-2026学年一线教师制作新教材英语核心题型讲通练透系列资料，名师甄选！ 2025-2026学年一线教师制作新教材英语核心题型讲通练透系列资料，名师甄选！ 专题02 U1-U4单元重点语法 （动词不定式、动名词和被动语态）精讲精练75题 （五大题型） (   精   练   导   航 ) 一、U1语法：动词不定式 1 二、U2语法：动名词 5 三、U3语法：一般现在时的被动语态 10 四、U4语法：一般过去时、一般将来时被动语态 14 (   语   法   精   练 ) 一、U1语法：动词不定式 1．Mr. White is humorous. He makes us ________ a lot. A．to laugh B．laughing C．laugh D．laughs 【答案】C 【详解】句意：怀特先生很幽默。他让我们笑个不停。 make sb. do sth.是固定用法，表示“让某人做某事”，动词用原形，应填laugh。 2．Do you know when ________ tomorrow morning? A．leave B．leaving C．to leave D．will leave 【答案】C 【详解】句意：你知道明天早上什么时候离开吗？ 宾语从句中，若从句主语省略或与主句一致，常用“疑问词+动词不定式”结构。句中when后无主语，应用when to leave表示“什么时候离开”。 3．Our teacher told us________ spend so much time playing computer games. A．don’t B．not C．will not D．not to 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我们的老师告诉我们不要花太多时间玩电脑游戏。 由“told us”可知，固定搭配tell sb. (not) to do sth. 意为“告诉某人（不要）做某事”，不定式的否定形式是在to前加not。 4．Fu Xing started swimming ________ her fear of water. A．overcome B．overcoming C．to overcome D．overcame 【答案】C 【详解】句意：傅兴开始游泳是为了克服她对水的恐惧。 根据句意可知，游泳的目的是为了克服对水的恐惧，动词不定式在句中作目的状语。 5．—Would you like ________ to the cinema with me? —Yes, I’d love to. It’s a good way to relax. A．go B．goes C．going D．to go 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——你想要和我一起去电影院吗？——是的，我很乐意。这是一个放松的好方法。 根据“Would you like”可知，考查would like to do sth“想要做某事”，应填动词不定式to go。 6．We have two rooms ________, but I can’t decide ________. A．to live, to choose which one B．lived, choose which one C．live, which one D．to live in, which one to choose 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我们有两间可供居住的房间，但是我不能决定选择哪一间。 第一空，动词不定式作后置定语修饰rooms，live是不及物动词，与被修饰词存在逻辑上的动宾关系时，介词in 不能省略，故用to live in；第二空，decide后接宾语，采用“疑问词 + 动词不定式”结构，即which one to choose。 7．In order to ________ healthy, we need to have enough sleep every day. A．keep B．keeping C．keeps D．kept 【答案】A 【详解】句意：为了保持健康，我们需要每天有足够的睡眠。 in order to do sth.表示“为了做某事”，to后接动词原形，应填keep。 8．The oral English test is coming. What else should we pay attention to________ our marks? A．to improve B．improving C．improve D．improved 【答案】A 【详解】句意：英语口语考试即将来临，为了提升我们的分数，我们还应该注意什么？ 根据“What else should we pay attention to...our marks?”可知，此处是“为了提升我们的分数”，用动词不定式作目的状语，因此选择“to improve”。 9．It’s common for close friends ________ have many hobbies ________ common. A．to; in B．in; to C．for; with D．with; for 【答案】A 【详解】句意：亲密朋友之间有许多共同的爱好是很常见的。 to动词不定式符号（用于It’s + adj. + for sb. to do sth.句型）；in在……方面，for为了；with和……一起。第一空，it作形式主语，动词不定式作真正的主语，应用to；第二空，in common是介词短语，表示“共同的”，应用in。 10．—What are you going to do this weekend? —I plan ________ hiking with my friends. A．go B．to go C．going D．go to 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你这个周末打算做什么？——我计划和朋友去远足。 固定搭配 plan to do sth.意为“计划做某事”，plan 后接动词不定式。应填to go。 11．The teacher often tells us ________ in the main street. A．not to play B．don’t play C．not play D．to not play 【答案】A 【详解】句意：老师经常告诉我们不要在大街上玩。 根据题干“tells us ________”可知，tell sb. (not) to do sth.是动词短语，意为“告诉某人（不要）做某事”，应填not to play。 12．My mother always encourages me ________ English every day. A．practicing speaking B．to practice speaking C．to practice to speak D．practice speaking 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我的母亲总是鼓励我每天练习说英语。 encourage sb. to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“鼓励某人做某事”，故排除A和D。practice doing sth.为固定搭配，意为“练习做某事”，speak English意为“说英语”。故B项to practice speaking正确。C项to practice to speak中practice后应用动名词而非不定式，故错误。 13．Which sentence is grammatically correct? A．China is famous as the Great Wall and the Palace Museum. B．The Great Wall is one of the greatest wonder in the world. C．I am proud to be a Chinese and love Amazing China. D．Many foreign people come to China visit our great places. 【答案】C 【详解】句意：哪个句子是语法正确的？ A项考查介词搭配，be famous for因……而闻名，be famous as作为……而闻名，中国因长城闻名，应用for；B项考查名词复数，“one of the+最高级+名词复数”意为“最……之一”，wonder应改为wonders；C项考查动词用法及名词，be proud to do sth.结构正确，Chinese可作名词表示中国人，句子无误；D项考查动词不定式，come to China后接目的状语应用不定式to visit。 14．Many foreign visitors come to visit China ________ its amazing places every year. A．to see B．see C．seeing D．saw 【答案】A 【详解】句意：许多外国游客每年来中国参观是为了看其令人惊叹的地方。 游客来中国的目的是看景点，句中已有谓语动词，空处应用动词不定式“to see”表示目的，在句中作目的状语。 15．—What will you do if you see someone littering on the beach? — I will stop him and tell him it’s everyone’s responsibility _________ the environment. A．protect B．protecting C．to protect D．protected 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——如果你看到有人在沙滩上乱扔垃圾，你会怎么做？——我会阻止他，并告诉他保护环境是每个人的责任。 固定句型“It is one’s responsibility to do sth.”意为“做某事是某人的责任”，it作形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式。 16．We should do something ________ the rare animals ________ disappearing. A．to protect; from B．protect; from C．to protect; for D．protect; for 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我们应该做些事情来保护珍稀动物防止消失。 第一空，此处表示“做些事情”的目的是为了保护动物，应用动词不定式to protect作目的状语；第二空，protect...from...是固定搭配，意为“保护……免受……"。 17．She hopes ________ the Great Wall with her family during the holiday. A．visit B．to visit C．visiting D．visited 【答案】B 【详解】句意：她希望在假期期间和家人一起参观长城。 hope后接动词时，要用hope to do sth.结构，表示“希望做某事”。在本题中hope后应接to visit。 18．—What do you want to be in the future? —My father expects me________ a successful doctor, but I am more interested in music. A．become B．to be C．becoming D．being 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你将来想成为什么？——我父亲期望我成为一名成功的医生，但我对音乐更感兴趣。 become成为，动词原形；to be成为，动词不定式；becoming成为，现在分词或动名词；being是，现在分词或动名词。expect sb. to do sth.是固定搭配，意为“期望某人做某事”，此处需用动词不定式to be作宾语补足语。 19．Earth Day is on April 22nd. It reminds us________ and protect our earth. A．loving B．to loving C．love D．to love 【答案】D 【详解】句意：地球日是4月22日。它提醒我们要爱护和保护我们的地球。 loving爱（现在分词）；to loving介词to加动名词；love爱（动词原形）；to love 爱（动词不定式）。固定搭配remind sb. to do sth.意为“提醒某人做某事”，此处应用动词不定式作宾语补足语。 20．We must do something ________ the animals in danger. A．save B．saving C．to save D．saved 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我们必须做点什么来拯救处于危险中的动物。 save拯救；saving拯救；to save拯救；saved拯救。根据“We must do something...the animals in danger.”可知，应该用动词不定式作目的状语。 二、U2语法：动名词 21．The Three Gorges Dam plays a crucial role in ________ floods in China. A．preventing B．causing C．increasing D．reducing 【答案】A 【详解】句意：三峡大坝在中国防止洪水方面起着至关重要的作用。 preventing防止；causing引起；increasing增加；reducing减少。根据常识可知，三峡大坝的主要功能是防洪发电，而不是引起或增加洪水。prevent floods意为“防洪”，符合语境中“crucial role”的描述。 22．Staying calm can improve our chances of ________ in an earthquake. A．survive B．surviving C．to survive D．survived 【答案】B 【详解】句意：保持冷静可以提高我们在地震中幸存的机会。 根据“chances of…”可知，of是介词，介词后接动词时，需用动名词形式，应填surviving。 23．As students, we should know the importance of ________ the environment. A．protect B．protecting C．to protect D．protected 【答案】B 【详解】句意：作为学生，我们应该知道保护环境的重要性。 根据“the importance of ... the environment”可知，介词of后接动词时需用动名词形式。应填protecting。 24．You should keep ________ and never give up. A．try B．trying C．to try D．tried 【答案】B 【详解】句意：你应该坚持尝试，永不放弃。 try尝试，动词原形；trying尝试，现在分词/动名词；to try去尝试，动词不定式；tried尝试，过去式。固定搭配keep doing sth. 意为“持续做某事”，keep后接动词-ing形式，应填trying。 25．She is good at ________ stories for children. A．write B．to write C．writing D．writes 【答案】C 【详解】句意：她擅长为儿童写故事。 write写，动词原形；to write动词不定式；writing动名词；writes动词的第三人称单数。be good at意为“擅长于”，at是介词，后接动词时需用动名词形式writing。 26．The poem Thoughts on a Tranquil Night is about ________ home. A．miss B．missed C．missing D．to miss 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这首诗《静夜思》是关于思念家乡的。 根据“about”是介词，介词后接动词时需用-ing形式（动名词）。 27．The rain stopped ________ and the children went out to play happily. A．falling B．to fall C．fall D．fell 【答案】A 【详解】句意：雨停止下落了，孩子们高兴地出去玩了。 stop doing sth.表示“停止正在做的事”，stop to do sth.表示“停下来去做另一件事”。根据“the children went out to play happily”可知雨停了，孩子们才能出去玩，表示停止下落，应用stop doing结构。 28．Growing up ________ both pains and gains. It’s a meaningful process. A．brings B．bring C．brought D．bringing 【答案】A 【详解】句意：成长带来痛苦和收获。这是一个有意义的过程。 brings带来；bring带来；brought带来；bringing带来。主语Growing up是动名词短语，视为第三人称单数，且句子陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时，谓语动词需用第三人称单数形式。 29．Which sentence is WRONG? A．Body language is very important in communication. B．Eye contact is important when we talk with others. C．Stand straight can make you look confident. D．Different countries have different body language. 【答案】C 【详解】句意：哪句话是错误的？ Body language is very important in communication.肢体语言在交流中非常重要；Eye contact is important when we talk with others.当我们与他人交谈时，眼神交流很重要；Stand straight can make you look confident.站直能让你看起来自信；Different countries have different body language.不同的国家有不同的肢体语言。A、B、D项句子结构正确且符合常识；C项中“Stand straight”是动词原形短语，不能直接作主语，应改为动名词形式“Standing straight”。 30．This book is very educational and meaningful, so it is well worth ________ carefully. A．read B．to read C．reading D．reads 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这本书既有教育意义又内涵丰富，所以非常值得仔细阅读。 根据“it is well worth”可知，此处考查固定搭配“be worth doing sth”，意为“值得做某事”，worth 后接动名词形式。应填reading。 31．Many middle school students have difficulty ________ English novels without a dictionary. A．read B．reading C．to read D．reads 【答案】B 【详解】句意：许多中学生没有字典很难阅读英文小说。 固定搭配“have difficulty (in) doing sth.”意为“做某事有困难”，空处应用动名词形式作宾语。应填reading。 32．The story is so funny and interesting that I couldn’t help ________ aloud when I read it alone. A．laugh B．laughing C．to laugh D．laughed 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这个故事如此有趣，以至于我独自阅读时忍不住大声笑了起来。 laugh笑(动词原形)；laughing笑(动名词)；to laugh笑(不定式)；laughed笑(过去式)。根据空格前“couldn’t help”及“so funny and interesting”可知，此处考查固定搭配couldn’t/can’t help doing sth.“情不自禁做某事”。故选 B。 33．—Now it’s the flu season. —Yes. The doctor always advises people not to go to crowded places. It stops us from ________ the flu. A．has B．have C．to have D．having 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——现在正是流感季节。——是的。医生总是建议人们不要去拥挤的地方。这阻止了我们患流感。 固定搭配stop sb. from doing sth.意为“阻止某人做某事”，介词from后接动名词作宾语。 34．I used to ________ up late, but now I get used to ________ early to read English. A．stay; get B．stay; getting C．staying; get D．staying; getting 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我过去常常熬夜，但现在我习惯早起读英语了。 stay up熬夜；get up起床；staying停留；getting up起床。第一空，used to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“过去常常做某事”，to后接动词原形，应填stay；第二空，get used to doing sth.为固定搭配，意为“习惯于做某事”，to为介词，后接动名词。应填stay；getting。 35．________ bright-colored clothes can make people feel happier and more active. A．Wear B．Wears C．Wearing D．Wore 【答案】C 【详解】句意：穿色彩鲜艳的衣服能让人感到更快乐和更活跃。 分析句子结构可知，此处缺少主语，动词原形、三单形式和过去式不能直接作主语，动名词可以作主语，表示一般性的行为。应填Wearing。 36．We can know the world well without ________ home with the help of the Internet. A．leave B．leaving C．to leave D．left 【答案】B 【详解】句意：借助互联网，我们不用离开家就能很好地认识世界。 without是介词，后面接动词时要用动名词形式，即v-ing形式。应填leaving。 37．I used to ________ up late, but now I get used to ________ early to read English. A．stay; get up B．stay; getting up C．staying; get up D．staying; getting up 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我过去常常熬夜，但现在我习惯早起读英语了。 stay停留；get up起床；staying停留；getting up起床。第一空，used to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“过去常常做某事”，to后接动词原形，应填stay；第二空，get used to doing sth.为固定搭配，意为“习惯于做某事”，to为介词，后接动名词，应填getting up。 38．My parents don’t allow ________ in the living room, and my parents only allow me ________ TV on weekends. A．eating; to watch B．to eat; watching C．eating; watched D．allow to eat; to watch 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我的父母不允许在客厅吃东西，而且我的父母只允许我在周末看电视。 allow doing sth.是固定搭配，意为“允许做某事”，所以第一空用eating；allow sb. to do sth.也是固定搭配，意为“允许某人做某事”，所以第二空用to watch。 39．Don’t be afraid of ________ mistakes when you speak English. It’s the best way to learn a language. A．make B．making C．to make D．made 【答案】B 【详解】句意：说英语时不要害怕犯错误。这是学习语言的最好方法。 be afraid of是固定搭配，意为“害怕做某事”，of是介词，后面接动名词作宾语，应填making。 40．—When did you finish ________ the room? — At about 4:00 p.m. We were about ________ home when it rained. A．cleaning; going B．cleaning; to go C．to clean; going D．to clean; to go 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你什么时候打扫完房间的？——大约下午4点。当下雨时，我们正要回家。 finish后接动名词作宾语，finish doing sth.意为“完成做某事”，故第一空填cleaning；be about to do sth.意为“正要/即将做某事”，故第二空填to go。 三、U3语法：一般现在时的被动语态 41．The proposal for students to follow public rules _________ by all the teachers and students in our school. A．is welcomed B．welcomes C．welcomed D．was welcoming 【答案】A 【详解】句意：学生遵守公共规则的提议被我们学校所有的老师和学生所欢迎。 根据“The proposal for students to follow public rules…by all the teachers and students in our school.”可知，主语“提议”和动词“欢迎”是被动关系，且句中有标志词“by”，应用被动语态。应填is welcomed。 42．Cultures influence unspoken rules. So unspoken rules ________ by cultures. A．influence B．influenced C．are influenced D．is influenced 【答案】C 【详解】句意：文化影响不成文的规则。所以不成文的规则被文化所影响。 influence影响，是动词原形；influenced是influence的过去式或过去分词；are influenced是influence的被动语态结构；is influenced是influence的被动语态结构。根据“Cultures influence unspoken rules.”和“by cultures”可知，句子是一般现在时的被动语态，被动语态的结构是“be+动词的过去分词”，主语是复数，句子是一般现在时，be动词用are，influence的过去分词是influenced。 43．Unspoken rules ________ often ________ for granted. A．is; take B．are; taken C．is; taken D．are; take 【答案】B 【详解】句意：不成文的规则经常被视为理所当然。 主语“Unspoken rules”是复数，be动词用are；固定短语“take...for granted”意为“视为理所当然”，此处主语与动词之间是被动关系，需用被动语态be taken结构。 44．Sometimes spoken rules ________ by people. A．ignore B．ignores C．are ignored D．is ignored 【答案】C 【详解】句意：有时口头规则被人们忽视。 ignore一般现在时主动语态；ignores一般现在时主动语态；are ignored一般现在时被动语态；is ignored一般现在时被动语态。主语spoken rules是复数，且与动词ignore之间是被动关系，由标志词by提示，需用一般现在时的被动语态结构are ignored，应填are ignored。 45．—What do you think of the internet? — I think the world ________ by the internet. A．changed B．is changed C．was changed D．has changed 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你觉得互联网怎么样？——我认为世界被互联网改变了。 根据“by the internet”可知动作执行者是互联网，世界是被改变的对象，需用被动语态，结构为be done，根据问句“What do you think”及客观事实可知应用一般现在时，应填is changed。 46．Every year, a large number of trees ________ down to make paper. We should use both sides of the paper to save trees. A．are cut B．were cut C．have cut D．will cut 【答案】A 【详解】句意：每年都有大量的树被砍伐用来造纸。我们应该使用纸张的两面来节约树木。考查一般现在时的被动语态。根据时间状语“Every year”可知句子描述的是经常性动作，时态应用一般现在时；主语“trees”与动词“cut”之间是被动关系，即树被砍伐，所以要用一般现在时的被动语态（am/is/are + done）。主语“trees”是复数，be动词用 are。B 项为一般过去时被动语态，C、D 项为主动语态，均不符合语境。故填are cut。 47．—How does your father help you in your life? —When things aren’t going well, I ________ not to give up by him. A．encourage B．encouraged C．will encourage D．am encouraged 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——你的父亲在生活中如何帮助你？——当事情不顺利时，我被他鼓励不要放弃。 根据“by him”可知，主语I是动作encourage的承受者，应用被动语态，结构为：am/is/are + 过去分词。应填am encouraged。 48．The skill of silk weaving ________ down from generation to generation in this village. A．pass B．passes C．is passed D．passing 【答案】C 【详解】句意：在这个村庄，丝绸编织技艺是一代一代被传承下来的。 主语“The skill of silk weaving”与动词“pass”之间是被动关系，表示“被传承”，且句子陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时的被动语态，结构为“am/is/are + 过去分词”。A、B 项为主动语态，D项为非谓语动词不能单独作谓语，C项符合语境和语法。 49．—Can you go to the charity sale with me this Saturday? —I’m afraid not. I can’t go out until my homework ________. A．finishes B．is finished C．will finish D．will be finished 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——这个星期六你能和我一起去慈善义卖吗？——恐怕不行。作业做完之前我不能出去。 根据“I can’t go out until my homework...”可知，此句是not...until引导的时间状语从句，主句含有情态动词can，从句需用一般现在时，从句主语“my homework”与动词“finish”之间是被动关系，所以此处应用一般现在时的被动语态，应填is finished。 50．Don’t give your personal information to others unless it ________ by your parents. A．requires B．is required C．will require D．will be required 【答案】B 【详解】句意：除非父母要求，否则不要把你的个人信息透露给他人。 根据题干“unless it ________ by your parents”可知，主语it（指代personal information）与require之间是被动关系，且unless引导的条件状语从句用一般现在时表示将来，应用一般现在时的被动语态，应填is required。   51．When you ________ to speak at the charity meeting, you should speak clearly and loudly. A．ask B．will ask C．are asked D．will be asked 【答案】C 【详解】句意：当你被要求在慈善会议上发言时，你应该说得清晰且大声。 主语you与动词ask之间是被动关系，应用被动语态；when引导的时间状语从句遵循“主将从现”原则，应用一般现在时，不用将来时。应填are asked。 52．More and more new energy cars ________ by Chinese people in their daily life now. A．use B．are used C．were used D．will be used 【答案】B 【详解】句意：现在越来越多的新能源汽车被中国人在日常生活中使用。 主语cars与动词use之间是被动关系，需用被动语态be done结构，排除A；根据时间状语now可知时态为一般现在时，排除C和D，所以填are used。 53．Charity activities ________ to help the poor every year. A．plan B．planned C．are planned D．were planned 【答案】C 【详解】句意：每年都会计划慈善活动来帮助穷人。 根据时间状语“every year”可知，应用一般现在时；主语“Charity activities”与plan之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，即一般现在时的被动语态，应填are planned。 54．Angry characters ________ sharp teeth and huge mouths. A．give B．are given C．is given D．gives 【答案】B 【详解】句意：愤怒的角色被赋予锋利的牙齿和巨大的嘴巴。 主语“Angry characters”和“give”之间是被动关系，应使用被动语态，且主语为复数，应填are given。 55．Nowadays, most animated films ________ by hand. A．are not drawn B．is not drawn C．don’t draw D．doesn’t draw 【答案】A 【详解】句意：如今，大多数动画电影都不是手绘的。 句中主语most animated films（大多数动画电影）是复数，且电影是“被绘制”的，需用被动语态；同时Nowadays提示时态为一般现在时，故谓语部分的结构为am/is/are+not+过去分词。主语是复数，be动词用are，draw的过去分词是drawn。 四、U4语法：一般过去时、一般将来时被动语态 56．—When ________ the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal built? —More than 2,500 years ago. A．is B．was C．are D．were 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——京杭大运河是什么时候建造的？——2500多年前。 根据答语“More than 2,500 years ago”可知，运河建造这一动作发生在过去，需用一般过去时。主语“the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal”与动词“build”之间是被动关系，应用被动语态。其一般过去时的被动语态结构为“was/were+过去分词”。由于主语为单数，应用was。 57．Paper money has a long history in China. It ________ first used during the Song Dynasty. A．is B．was C．will be D．has been 【答案】B 【详解】句意：纸币在中国有着悠久的历史。它最早在宋朝时期被使用。 根据时间状语during the Song Dynasty可知，事情发生在过去，应用一般过去时；主语It与use之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，即一般过去时的被动语态，was used符合，应填was。 58．When I opened the old book, I ________ by a photo of my grandfather in it. A．attracted B．was attracted C．am attracted D．have attracted 【答案】B 【详解】句意：当我翻开那本旧书时，我被里面一张爷爷的照片吸引住了。 根据句中by可知，主语I和动词attract之间是被动关系，即“我被照片吸引”，需用被动语态；又因为When引导的从句用了一般过去时opened，主句时态需保持一致，用一般过去时的被动语态was attracted。 59．— How did your mum do homework when she was a student? — Everything ________ by hand on paper. A．wrote B．is written C．was written D．was writing 【答案】C 【详解】 句意：——你妈妈当学生的时候是怎么做作业的？——所有内容都是手写在纸上的。 wrote表示“写”；is written表示“被写”；was written表示“被写”；was writing表示“正在写”。根据问句中的did和was可知，时态为一般过去时；主语Everything和动词write之间是被动关系，即“内容被写”，需用一般过去时的被动语态was written。 60．This beautiful model plane ________ my brother for my birthday last week. A．is made of B．was made by C．is made in D．was made from 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这个漂亮的飞机模型是我哥哥上周为我的生日制作的。 is made of由……制成；was made by由……制作；is made in在……制造；was made from由……制成。句中时间状语为last week，句子要用一般过去时，排除一般现在时的is made of和is made in。本句需要引出动作的执行者my brother，by用于引出动作的执行者，符合语义逻辑。应填was made by。 61．The two parts of the painting ________ together in 2011. A．show B．showed C．was shown D．were shown 【答案】D 【详解】句意：这幅画的两部分于2011年被展示在一起。 根据时间状语in 2011可知，应用一般过去时；主语The two parts与show之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，即一般过去时的被动语态；主语为复数，be动词用were，应填were shown。 62．Binhai New Area Library ________ in 2017. We are proud of it. A．is built B．was built C．is building D．builds 【答案】B 【详解】句意：滨海新区图书馆建于2017年。我们为此感到自豪。 主语Binhai New Area Library与动词build之间是被动关系，且时间状语in 2017表示过去，故用一般过去时的被动语态was built。 63．He was seen ________ basketball on the playground just now. A．play B．to play C．played D．playing 【答案】B 【详解】句意：刚才有人看见他在操场上打篮球。 在主动语态中，感官动词see后接不带to的不定式see sb. do sth.（看见某人做某事，强调动作全过程）或see sb. doing sth.（看见某人正在做某事，强调动作正在进行）；变为被动语态时，不定式结构需还原to，即be seen to do sth.，同时也存在be seen doing sth.结构（强调动作正在进行）。本题中just now侧重描述被看见做某事的完整事件，符合be seen to do的用法，应填to play。 64．—Who is the writer of the book Gulliver’s Travels? —It ________ by Jonathan Swift. A．writes B．wrote C．is written D．was written 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——《格列佛游记》这本书的作者是谁？——它是被乔纳森·斯威夫特写的。 主语It指代这本书，与动词write之间是被动关系，需用被动语态（be + written），排除主动语态选项。书籍创作是过去发生的动作，应用一般过去时，be动词用was。 65．Because of the heavy snow, all the visitors ________ to stay inside the hotel yesterday. A．warned B．are warned C．were warned D．have warned 【答案】C 【详解】句意：由于大雪，昨天所有游客都被警告留在酒店内。 warned警告，主动语态，一般过去时；are warned被警告，一般现在时被动语态；were warned被警告，一般过去时被动语态；have warned警告，主动语态，现在完成时。主语“all the visitors”与动词“warn”之间是被动关系，且时间状语“yesterday”表示过去，应用一般过去时的被动语态。 66．Someone has called 120. The little girl ________ to hospital in a few minutes. A．takes B．is taking C．was taken D．will be taken 【答案】D 【详解】句意：有人拨打了120。小女孩几分钟后将被送往医院。 根据时间状语“in a few minutes”可知句子时态为一般将来时，且主语The little girl与动词take之间为被动关系，因此使用一般将来时的被动语态，应填will be taken。 67．—Will many jobs________ by AI technology? —I’m not sure, but I know AI technology is developing faster and faster. A．replace B．is replaced C．be replaced D．was replaced 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——许多工作会被人工智能技术取代吗？——我不确定，但我知道人工智能技术发展得越来越快。 根据句首“Will”可知句子时态为一般将来时，根据“by AI technology”可知主语“many jobs”是动作的承受者，需用被动语态。一般将来时被动语态的结构为“will be +动词过去分词”，构成一般疑问句时将Will提前，空格处应填be replaced。 68．Many traditional jobs ________ by new technologies in the future. A．are replaced B．were replaced C．have been replaced D．will be replaced 【答案】D 【详解】句意：未来许多传统工作将被新技术取代。 根据时间状语in the future可知，应用一般将来时；主语Many traditional jobs与replace之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，即一般将来时的被动语态，应填will be replaced。 69．An artist under the age of 18 ________ a special prize. A．will give B．will be given C．is given D．gave 【答案】B 【详解】句意:18岁以下的艺术家将被授予一个特别奖。 give意为给；授予。主语An artist和动词give是被动关系，用被动语态；结合语境，奖项是将要被授予，用一般将来时的被动语态will be+过去分词，应填will be given。 70．People who eat on the subway in Hong Kong ________. A．punished B．have punished C．were punished D．will be punished 【答案】D 【详解】句意：在香港地铁上吃东西的人将会受到惩罚。 主语People与动词punish之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，排除 A、B 选项；定语从句who eat使用一般现在时，表示一般情况，主句通常表示随之而来的后果，应用一般将来时，故用一般将来时的被动语态。 71．Good news! Another three bridges ________ over the Hanjiang River in the following years. A．will be built B．are built C．have built D．build 【答案】A 【详解】句意：好消息！未来几年汉江上将会再建三座桥。 will be built将被建造，一般将来时被动语态；are built被建造，一般现在时被动语态；have built已经建造，现在完成时主动语态；build建造，动词原形。根据时间状语“in the following years”（在接下来的几年里）可知，动作发生在将来，且主语“Another three bridges”与动词“build”之间为被动关系（桥被建造），因此需用一般将来时的被动语态。 72．—Do you know a new wetland park ________ in our city next year? —Yes. It will be the largest one in the whole province to protect wild birds. A．will build B．is built C．will be built D．builds 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你知道我们城市明年要建一个新的湿地公园吗？——是的，它将是全省最大的一个，用来保护野生鸟类。 主语a new wetland park和动词build之间是被动关系，要用被动语态；时间状语next year表示将来，要用一般将来时的被动语态，结构为will be+过去分词。build的过去分词是built。 73．A new recycling program ________ in our neighbourhood by our community next month. A．will start B．will be started C．starts D．is started 【答案】B 【详解】句意：下个月我们社区一个新的回收项目将被启动。 根据时间状语next month可知句子时态为一般将来时；主语A new recycling program与动词start之间是被动关系，即项目被启动。一般将来时的被动语态结构为will be+过去分词。故填will be started。 74．When ________ the show ________ tomorrow? A．will; hold B．is; going to hold C．will; be held D．is; held 【答案】C 【详解】句意：明天这场演出什么时候举行？ 主语the show与动词hold之间是被动关系，需用被动语态，排除A、B选项；时间状语“tomorrow”表示将来，应用一般将来时的被动语态，结构为“will + be + 过去分词”，排除D选项。 75．—Who will show you to the new energy exhibition this weekend? —I ________ there by my father, and he is also interested in electric cars. A．will show B．am shown C．will be shown D．was shown 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——这个周末谁带你去新能源展览？——我爸爸会带我去，他也对电动汽车感兴趣。 根据题干“this weekend”可知，时间是将来的；主语I与show之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，即一般将来时的被动语态，应填will be shown。 16 立足新教材，自学有章法，练习有重点！ 17 立足新教材，自学有章法，练习有重点！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $