专题06 阅读理解（七选五）（期中真题汇编，北京专用）高一英语下学期

专题06 阅读理解（七选五） Passage 1 （24-25高一下·北京西城·期中） Why does rain seem to make you sleepy? This spring on the east coast of the US, it feels like we’ve lost touch with the sun. In Washington, DC, 14 of the first 17 days of May were rainy. 1 . It means that for me, May has been one of the months I've felt the sleepiest. The dull weather can hit almost all of our senses in a way that gives a sign to us it is time for a sleep. First, there's what  we see-or rather,  what we don't. 2 When it's raining and skies are cloudy, we miss out our body's internal alarm clock. As Naomi, a scientist from Central on Queensland University said, when you don't see the sunlight first thing in the morning, your body never gets the signal that it needs to shift into daytime mode. 3 Plants produce oils during dry periods, possibly to stop seeds from developing. When it rains, the water brings out the oils and they mix with a chemical   to   create   a  "musky”  smell. 4 . Additionally, after a thunderstorm there's a chance you may smell ozone(臭氧), which is generated when lightning interacts with the air. Some compare its smell to that of clean bed sheets. Rain sounds are also comforting. The rhythmic pattern of rain hitting a roof, umbrella, or the ground below is called "pink noise." Pink noise is a category of background noise that has all of the frequencies that human can hear and has lower volumes at higher frequencies. According to some research, it may improve our quality of sleep by decreasing our brain activity. 5 The difficulty in waking up, the fresh, earthy scents, and the peace of the rain tapping on windows are enough to make anyone want to go back to bed for the day. Sadly, none of this evidence is enough to justify doing so; but it can at least explain why you may feel a little sleepy on these cloudy days. A．Noises can make us feel sleepier during the daytime. B．The others have been cloudy and dull for at least part of the day. C．That earthy smell of rain can make you feel calm and comfortable. D．It makes it easier for us to wake up from our sleep the night before. E．Sunlight causes our bodies to stop producing what makes us sleepy at night F．And you'll also smell that when you are in your garden turning over your soil G．You can listen to an hour of rain on a window here, if you intend to test it out Passage 2 （22-23高一下·北京东城·期中） In the 17th century when a British businessman heard that there were one hundred million people in China, he was determined to go there and sell spoons. He thought even if he could earn one penny for one spoon, he would still make a lot of money. 6 Then, why do the Chinese people use chopsticks? Some people did research on the origin of China’s chopsticks. One theory is that chopsticks were very convenient for Chinese to use because China was an agricultural society, relying mainly on vegetables for food. When we steamed or boiled food, it was difficult for us to use spoons to dip vegetables in the soup. 7 Westerners, on the other hand, travelled with their animals from place to place and lived on meat. For them, knives and forks were more practical. Chopsticks reflect gentleness and kindness, the main moral teaching of Confucianism. 8 First, don’t use it to hit the side of your bowl or plate to make noises, because Chinese people think only beggars would do this to beg for meals. 9 It means you lay the blame on others. Also, don’t stick your chopsticks upright in the rice bowl. That usually appears at the funerals and is believed to be impolite to the host and the seniors who are at the table. Today, chopsticks have become a typical part of Chinese culture, symbolising the power of unity. 10 However, ten pairs of chopsticks represent strength, which means they won’t break off in any cases. We Chinese people draw on this spirit, which always inspires and encourages us to work hand in hand for a better future. A．As a result, spoons were designed and preferred by Westerners. B．But to his surprise, the Chinese people use chopsticks, not spoons. C．Therefore, Chinese people cleverly invented chopsticks to pick food. D．Besides, never point at people with your chopsticks while using them. E．Indeed, one chopstick is useless and so delicate that it can be broken readily. F．So these virtues have gradually become the rules people follow in their daily life. G．There are some rules about using chopsticks that you should pay great attention to. Passage 3 （20-21高一上·北京海淀·期中） Why You Should Schedule Some “Me Time” Every Day Most people in our culture feel the need to be going all the time. If we are not working and putting our energy into something, we believe we are wasting time. We feel taking time for ourselves is a waste. And to some extent, it’s true—pushing yourself nonstop may bring some measure of success. 11 Stress and the inability to enjoy a little time-out have very real health and psychological effects, such as headaches, heart attacks, depression and poor concentration. So, the biggest reason to take a little time out for yourself is to avoid these negative consequences of not doing so. 12 Specifically, taking some “me” time can help you avoid bad mood and enable you to control your emotions. If you live with someone, like a spouse, children, or even a pet, they may not understand your need to take “me” time but they certainly will appreciate the way your mood has improved. Contrary to this, the lack of time to yourself can cause you to build up anger that can harm both you and your relationships. 13 So you must give yourself permission to take at least a half hour per day, even if it’s divided, just for yourself. If you have to, set the alarm, schedule it on the calendar, or put it on your “to-do” list for the day. Whatever you have to do, make it happen every day. It can be as simple as sitting on the deck, reading a book, and watching the sun come up with a hot cup of coffee. In addition to that, setting boundaries is important. 14 Also acknowledge that you need to limit the demands that other people can make on your time. Taking a little time for yourself refreshes and re-energizes you. It allows you to think more clearly and make better decisions. 15 You come to realize that you are important and deserve to have a little time to yourself. If you engage in something you enjoy during your time-out, you also have the satisfaction of reading that book, or writing that poem. But be careful that you use your “me” time for leisurely activities and don’t push yourself to complete anything. Simply enjoy the time out. A．Taking “me” time benefits those around you as well. B．Actually it is not that difficult to find a little “me” time. C．Taking “me” time also builds your self-worth over time. D．It might seem easy to schedule a little “me” time, but often it isn’t. E．Realize that there are limits to what you can do, and build your life around that. F．But more than that, “me” time can make you a better person both inside and out. G．However, going for long periods without time for yourself may cost you in the end. Passage 4 （2023·北京海淀·期中） Humans have long tried to conquer water. We’ve straightened once-winding rivers for shipping purposes. We’ve constructed levees (防洪堤) along rivers and lakes to protect people from flooding—We’ve erected entire cities on drained and filled-in wetlands. We’ve built dams on rivers to store water for later use. 16 But it’s not, argues environmental journalist Erica Gies,author of Water Always Wins. Levees, which narrow channels causing water to flow higher and faster, nearly always break. Cities on former wetlands flood regularly—often disastrously. Dams starve downstream areas of sediment (沉积物) needed to protect coasts against rising seas. Straightened streams move faster than winding ones, giving water less time to flow downward. And they wash away riverbed ecosystems. In addition to laying out this damage done by supposed water control, Gies takes readers on a hopeful global tour of solutions to these problems. Along the way, she introduces “water detectives” —scientists,engineers,urban planners, and many others. 17 These water detectives have found ways to give the slippery substance the time and space it needs to flow slowly underground. Around Seattle’s Thornton Creek, for instance, reclaimed land now allows for regular flooding, which has renewed riverbed habitat and created an urban oasis. In California’s Central Valley, scientists want to find ways to move unpolluted storm water into subsurface valleys that make ideal aquifers (含水层). 18 While some people are exploring new ways to manage water, others are leaning on ancient knowledge. Researchers in Peru are now studying old-style methods of water storage, which don’t require dams, in hopes of ensuring a steady flow of water to Lima—Peru’s populous capital that’s periodically affected by water shortage. 19 “Decision makers come from a culture of concrete,” Gies writes, “in which dams, pipes and desalination factories are standard.” Understanding how to work with, not against, water will help humankind weather this age of drought and flood that’s being worsened by climate change. 20 Instead, we must learn to live within our water means because water will undoubtedly win. A．Controlling water, Gies convincingly argues, is a false belief. B．Instead of trying to control water, they ask: What does water want? C．It seems that water is cooperative and willing to flow where we direct it. D．These old-style underwater concrete techniques pave the way for the construction of dams. E．To further understand the whole ecosystem, they believe effective water control requires effort. F．The study may help convince those who favor concrete-centric solutions to try something new. G．Feeding groundwater supplies will in turn sustain rivers from below, which helps to maintain water levels and ecosystems. Passage 5 （24-25高一下·北京·期中） When you go to concerts, you expect your favorite musician to perform amazingly on stage. But you may have noticed something curious that most musicians don’t just play with their fingers. They also involve body movements that fit the song’s beat or dance following the music. 21 The facial expressions musicians show when playing may seem strange or crazy to an outsider, but all that pulling faces might actually serve a purpose. Firstly, playing a musical instrument usually requires intense focus and concentration. 22 Their facial expressions can be a demonstration of the intense emotions and physical effort that go hand-in-hand with musical performance. They’re often subconscious-in fact, many of us will pull strange faces when we’re deeply involved in an activity we care about. 23 Musicians have a strong emotional connection with the music they perform. They often use their facial expressions to express the mood and interpretation of the music, which creates a more engaging musical experience. While facial expressions may not directly make someone a better musician, they might contribute to the overall artistry of the music. Performing live music is a rather stressful experience, so it could be that the performer is expressing those nerves through their face-biting the bottom lip, for example. Luckily, nerves will often go away soon after a musician starts performing. 24 The facial expressions obviously to some extent express the performer’s inner world. Another interesting thing is that making facial expressions can have a physiological impact on the musician’s performance. Some research suggests that certain facial movements can activate specific muscles and improve muscle harmonization. 25 However, it’s important to note that this relationship is still not well understood, and the extent to which facial expressions directly impact musical competence is a subject of ongoing investigation. A．When you’re really focused, you don’t care about the outside world. B．Among them the part of the body that best exhibits this is obviously the face. C．They likely won’t be the main cause for those strange faces throughout a performance. D．Such effects are particularly helpful in controlling muscles when playing an instrument. E．Facial expressions can also help musicians communicate emotions and artistic expression. F．Musicians are often overcome with emotion from the music itself or the reaction of the crowd. G．Musicians often enter a state of “flow”, where they become completely absorbed in the music they’re creating. Passage 6 （23-24高一下·北京·期中） Humankind has tried to improve its standard of living since the very beginning of civilization (文明). Back then, and today, providing food was the basic task for a person. 26 People feel the need for not only some primary things, such as bread and shelters, but also for various facilities and luxuries. Providing humanity (人类) with these things is connected to the use of natural resources, which requires energy. In turn, the common sources of energy we use today cause pollution, so economic growth is almost inevitably connected with environmental damage. 27 The first of these is the fact that in order to produce more goods and products, at a faster rate, the construction of large industrial plants is required. These plants produce a lot of waste, which may cause negative long-term health effects to nearby populations of animals, or people. The traditional energy sources, which are commonly used nowadays, are considered to be the greatest polluters to the environment. There also exist so-called eco-friendly sources of energy. 28 Of course, during this time people have to make some sacrifices to support these undertakings (企业) . In order to produce practical energy, a transformation of the natural site is often inevitable (不可避免的). 29 Application of wind energy would block airflow’s natural speed. Consequently, the pressure balance that is brought about by this current will be affected, and it is important to remember that the environment and weather conditions are directly affected by atmospheric pressure. 30 This is the embarrassment mankind has to deal with. A good balance between economic development and sustainability is forever what humankind has to keep in mind A．There are certain aspects of economic growth which affect the environment. B．Clean energy has always been on the priority list for a better environment. C．For these reasons, bringing about economic growth without any resulting environmental damage is impossible. D．However, nowadays the range of required goods has expanded significantly. E．So humankind began to make exploration to satisfy themselves economically and mentally. F．They are sometimes preferred but replacing the traditional sources with them also requires time. G．This is expensive and, has harmful effects on the environment. Passage 7 （22高一下·北京·期中） Stare at a blank wall in any room, and you are unlikely to learn much more than the paint color. But a new technology can inconspicuously scan the same surface for shadows and reflections. 31 But they can be got by one tool and analyzed to determine details including how many people are in the room—and what they are doing. This tool could gather information from a partial view of a space. It can spy on activity from around a corner. 32 As people move around a room, their bodies block a portion of any available light to create delicate and indistinct “soft shadows” on walls. 33 But these faint (微弱的) signals are usually drowned out by the main source of environment light. “If we neglect whatever we are observing, you would just be left with camera noise—and signal,” says Prafull Sharma, a graduate student at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Sharma and other researchers did the experiment by filming a wall in a room as its occupants moved around and averaging the frames over time. 34 Then the team fed the videos into a machine-learning model to teach it which soft shadow patterns indicated which behavior. The resulting system can automatically analyze footage of a blank wall in any room in real time, determining the number of people and their actions. 35 It can register only group sizes and activities for which it has been trained, and it requires a high-resolution camera; a standard digital camera creates too much background noise, and smartphone camera results are even worse. A．The technology is thought advanced. B．These can’t be caught by the human eye. C．They recorded various activities of the people in the room. D．Brightly colored clothing can even cast a light reflected glow. E．It also can monitor someone who avoids a camera’s line of sight. F．The system is considered a unique and wonderful discovery by camera specialists. G．Although this system can function in any room, it performs poorly in dim lighting. 主题01 人与社会 Passage 8 （2020高一下·北京·期中） The World Water Day has been celebrated annually on 22 March since1992. Each year has a different theme, looking at things like the role of clean water in the world of work, ways to stop wasting water, finding ways to supply water to underprivileged groups and so on. 36 But it is also vital for sanitation(卫生). It is estimated that more than 700 children under the age of seven die every day from illnesses linked to unsafe water and poor sanitation. The right to water and sanitation was recognized as a human right. 37 These include rural communities, people who have been displaced due to war and local conflicts and areas where climate change is making water more and more scarcer. Apart from the obvious health issues, a lack of accessible clean water means that people – often women and children – spend hours every day walking to and from distant water supplies. This means they don’t have time to dedicate to work, studies and other domestic duties. 38 And people who are not able to walk to get their own water are particularly vulnerable. There are many charities working on creating sustainable supplies of clean water for different communities around the world. 39 But the fundamental problem of increasing demand for a limited resource can only be addressed by more efficient use of water, especially in industry and agriculture. Waste-water recycling, capturing rainwater, more efficient irrigation techniques and reforestation are all examples of how water can be used more efficiently. 40 We should support charities, raise awareness, take part in the World Water Day events that are happening all around the world and, of course, be careful with how we use water in our own lives. Visit the UN World Water Day website to find out about an event near us. Follow world water day on social media and help spread the word about this incredibly important issue. A．Clean drinking water is fundamental. B．As individuals, what can we do to help the issue? C．The search for water becomes their main occupation. D．This important work needs to continue and to expand. E．Every living cell in the body needs water to keep functioning. F．In normal conditions, the human body can only survive three or four days without water. G．However, there are still at least 2.1 billion people around the world living without safe water. Passage 9 （23-24高一下·北京大兴·期中） Art is a wonderful thing that can enrich our spiritual life. It comes in two main types: realistic and abstract (抽象的). Realistic art aims to show real-life scenes, people, and objects exactly as they appear. It involves paying close attention to details, making things look like photographs. 41 It’s more about expressing feelings, emotions, and ideas. Realistic art is easy to understand. 42 Take the Mona Lisa, for example—it’s a realistic painting of a lady with a mysterious smile. Artworks like this tell stories about history and everyday life, helping us to learn about the past. Unlike realistic art, abstract art is more about being creative. 43 They use shapes, colors and patterns to express feelings and ideas. Abstract art means different things to different people. Some people enjoy trying to figure out what the artwork expresses. 44 Realistic art needs drawing or sculpting exactly to make things look real. Abstract art requires imagination to use shapes and colors in new ways. Many artists are skilled in both. They create realistic pieces to show their technical skills and abstract ones to display their creativity. As for personal preference, some people prefer the clear stories of realistic art while others are attracted to the mystery of abstract art, interpreting meanings in the shapes and forms. Together, the two kinds of art make the art world various and engaging. 45 A．Both types of art take skills to make. B．Viewers can easily recognize what is pictured. C．Mastering abstract art needs more artistic training. D．Photographs show imaginary life of people from long ago. E．Both ways of creating art have their own value and beauty. F．In contrast, abstract art focuses less on realistic appearances. G．Artists have the freedom to go beyond real-life representations. Passage 10 （2021高一下·北京·期中） The Changing Landscape of the Music Business The music industry is in the process of a great change. In the past decades, artists made money through physical sales of records, CDs, and cassettes. While in recent years, downloading songs from services such as Amazon or iTunes has become the most common way for people to purchase music, and the whole idea of buying music to own may be falling. To take its place are Internet apps that stream music directly to listeners on their smartphones, tablets, or computers. 46 While this is great for fans, who now have access to millions of songs at the flick of a touchscreen, it has shattered the traditional model of how an artist manages his or her career. With music lovers increasingly moving away from making one-time purchases towards an all-you-can-listen-to service, what is a hard-working artist to do? The main problem facing many musicians is that payments-per-stream of a song are much lower than what an artist would receive from a download. 47 In November of 2014, award-winning musician Taylor Swift pulled her entire music catalog from Spotify, a popular streaming app, claiming that their business model suggests that music does not hold much worth. 48 They claim that it offers smaller artists a chance for their music to get heard by a wider audience. Brian Message, manager of the band Radiohead, has come out in support of streaming services. He sees them as a way for musicians and fans to interact. Regardless of what artists may think about this change in the music industry, there’s no arguing that they need to adapt in order to make money. 49 Corporate sponsorship can be a risky option for musicians. A band can make much money by agreeing to promote a product or license its music for use in advertisements, but there are many ways that this can backfire. When bands work with businesses, they may lose the image they have worked to create. 50 Artists must develop an image that appeals to their fans in order to remain unique and authentic, or they risk striking .the wrong chord, which could leave them struggling to sustain careers in this new business landscape. A．Others have welcomed the idea of streaming music. B．However, those forms of media are quickly fading away. C．Some big-name artists have called attention to the issue. D．The rules could be different for smaller bands just starting out. E．Maintaining a fine image while working on a career is certainly tricky. F．One major shift is the growth in partnership between artists and businesses. G．These apps are available either as free versions or as monthly subscription services. Passage 12 （24-25高一下·北京·期中） Do you want to expand your social circle? Making friends is actually quite easy. 51 First, spend more time around people. If you want to make friends, you need to meet them first. 52 You can go to school, join a club, or attend parties. These are great places to meet new people. Second, start a conversation. Once you meet someone new, don’t be shy. Summon up your courage and talk to them. 53 A simple “Hello” or “How are you?” can break the ice. Then, find a common interest to talk about, like a movie or a subject, and the conversation will flow. Third, be a good listener. When someone is talking, give them your full attention. Look them in the eye. 54 Smile and nod to show you’re interested. Finally, be yourself. Don’t try to be someone you’re not. People are drawn to authenticity (真实性). 55 A．True friendships are built when you are yourself. B．Here are some tips to help you make friends. C．You can ask them questions about themselves. D．You can start by saying something friendly. E．So, get out of your house and meet new people. F．Try to make as many friends as possible. G．Smile and nod from time to time. Passage 11 （23-24高一下·北京通州·期中） In today’s world, it can be challenging to stay motivated and positive. However, one powerful tool that we can use to overcome these challenges is encouragement. Encouragement can make a significant difference in someone’s life. 56 Encouragement can come in many forms, such as words of affirmation (肯定), acts of kindness, or simply showing support. In today’s society, where negativity is common, a little bit of encouragement can go a long way. One of the most significant benefits of encouragement is that it builds strong relationships. Encouragement creates a positive environment where people feel valued and appreciated. When we encourage others, we are showing them that we believe in them and that we care about their well-being. 57 Another benefit of encouragement is that it creates a chain reaction. 58 This chain reaction can spread throughout a community, workplace, or family. By building each other up, we create a supportive and empowering environment. 59 The first step is to be intentional about our words and actions. We can start by offering genuine words, expressing thanks, or simply listening attentively. We can also seek out opportunities to encourage others, whether it’s through volunteering or offering support during tough times. By taking small but consistent actions, we can make a significant impact on the lives of other people. In conclusion, the power of encouragement cannot be overstated. It has the potential to transform lives, build strong relationships, and create a ripple effect of positivity. By being intentional about our words and actions, we can use encouragement to build others up and create a better world. 60 A．Encouragement can change our moods. B．So how can we use encouragement to build others up? C．Why should we make every effort to encourage others? D．This strengthens the bond between people and promotes trust and loyalty. E．When we encourage others, they, in turn, are more likely to encourage others F．Let us use the power of encouragement and start building each other up today. G．When we encourage others, we give them the motivation and confidence they need to succeed. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题06 阅读理解（七选五） Passage 1 （24-25高一下·北京西城·期中） Why does rain seem to make you sleepy? This spring on the east coast of the US, it feels like we’ve lost touch with the sun. In Washington, DC, 14 of the first 17 days of May were rainy. 1 . It means that for me, May has been one of the months I've felt the sleepiest. The dull weather can hit almost all of our senses in a way that gives a sign to us it is time for a sleep. First, there's what  we see-or rather,  what we don't. 2 When it's raining and skies are cloudy, we miss out our body's internal alarm clock. As Naomi, a scientist from Central on Queensland University said, when you don't see the sunlight first thing in the morning, your body never gets the signal that it needs to shift into daytime mode. 3 Plants produce oils during dry periods, possibly to stop seeds from developing. When it rains, the water brings out the oils and they mix with a chemical   to   create   a  "musky”  smell. 4 . Additionally, after a thunderstorm there's a chance you may smell ozone(臭氧), which is generated when lightning interacts with the air. Some compare its smell to that of clean bed sheets. Rain sounds are also comforting. The rhythmic pattern of rain hitting a roof, umbrella, or the ground below is called "pink noise." Pink noise is a category of background noise that has all of the frequencies that human can hear and has lower volumes at higher frequencies. According to some research, it may improve our quality of sleep by decreasing our brain activity. 5 The difficulty in waking up, the fresh, earthy scents, and the peace of the rain tapping on windows are enough to make anyone want to go back to bed for the day. Sadly, none of this evidence is enough to justify doing so; but it can at least explain why you may feel a little sleepy on these cloudy days. A．Noises can make us feel sleepier during the daytime. B．The others have been cloudy and dull for at least part of the day. C．That earthy smell of rain can make you feel calm and comfortable. D．It makes it easier for us to wake up from our sleep the night before. E．Sunlight causes our bodies to stop producing what makes us sleepy at night F．And you'll also smell that when you are in your garden turning over your soil G．You can listen to an hour of rain on a window here, if you intend to test it out 【答案】1．B 2．E 3．C 4．F 5．G 【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了为什么雨天会让人犯困。 1．空前说在华盛顿特区，5月的前17天中有14天下雨，此处承接上文，讲的是另外几天的天气情况，故B项（其他几天一天中至少有一段时间多云）符合语境。 2．空后说下雨和多云时，我们会错过体内的闹钟，因此此处会提到晴天（阳光）对我们身体的影响，故E项（阳光会让我们的身体停止产生让我们晚上犯困的东西）符合语境。 3．空后说下雨时，雨水会把植物在晴天时产生的油带出来，油和一种化学物质混合，产生一种“麝香味”，因此此处说的是雨天会产生一种什么味道，故C项（雨水中的土腥味能让你感到平静和舒适）符合语境。 4．空前说下雨时，雨水会把油带出来，油和一种化学物质混合，产生一种“麝香味”，此处承接上文，讲的还是关于“麝香味”这一话题，F项中的that指代的就是前面提到的“a  "musky”  smell”，故F项（当你在花园里翻土的时候，你也会闻到这种味道）符合语境。 5．空前说根据一些研究，雨点的滴答声可以通过减少大脑活动来改善我们的睡眠质量，此处承接上文，讲的是你可以通过听雨来检验这一点，故G项（如果你想测试一下，你可以在窗前听一小时的雨声）符合语境。 【点睛】在七选五的解题过程中，选项中的代词与空处上下文出现的某一（些）名词的指代关系往往是重要线索，例如本篇第4题，根据空前的“When it rains, the water brings out the oils and they mix with a chemical   to   create   a  "musky””可知，下雨时，雨水会把油带出来，油和一种化学物质混合，产生一种“麝香味”，此处承接上文，讲的还是关于“麝香味”这一话题，F项中的that指代的就是前面提到的“a  "musky”  smell”，故F项（当你在花园里翻土的时候，你也会闻到这种味道）符合语境。 Passage 2 （22-23高一下·北京东城·期中） In the 17th century when a British businessman heard that there were one hundred million people in China, he was determined to go there and sell spoons. He thought even if he could earn one penny for one spoon, he would still make a lot of money. 6 Then, why do the Chinese people use chopsticks? Some people did research on the origin of China’s chopsticks. One theory is that chopsticks were very convenient for Chinese to use because China was an agricultural society, relying mainly on vegetables for food. When we steamed or boiled food, it was difficult for us to use spoons to dip vegetables in the soup. 7 Westerners, on the other hand, travelled with their animals from place to place and lived on meat. For them, knives and forks were more practical. Chopsticks reflect gentleness and kindness, the main moral teaching of Confucianism. 8 First, don’t use it to hit the side of your bowl or plate to make noises, because Chinese people think only beggars would do this to beg for meals. 9 It means you lay the blame on others. Also, don’t stick your chopsticks upright in the rice bowl. That usually appears at the funerals and is believed to be impolite to the host and the seniors who are at the table. Today, chopsticks have become a typical part of Chinese culture, symbolising the power of unity. 10 However, ten pairs of chopsticks represent strength, which means they won’t break off in any cases. We Chinese people draw on this spirit, which always inspires and encourages us to work hand in hand for a better future. A．As a result, spoons were designed and preferred by Westerners. B．But to his surprise, the Chinese people use chopsticks, not spoons. C．Therefore, Chinese people cleverly invented chopsticks to pick food. D．Besides, never point at people with your chopsticks while using them. E．Indeed, one chopstick is useless and so delicate that it can be broken readily. F．So these virtues have gradually become the rules people follow in their daily life. G．There are some rules about using chopsticks that you should pay great attention to. 【答案】6．B 7．C 8．F 9．D 10．E 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国筷子的起源和文化意义，以及使用筷子的一些礼仪规则。文章指出，筷子是中国人因为饮食习惯而发明的，代表着团结的力量和温和的品德。同时，使用筷子也有一些禁忌和规矩需要遵守。文章最后强调了筷子所代表的团结精神，鼓励人们共同努力创造更美好的未来。 6．根据前文“In the 17th century when a British businessman heard that there were one hundred million people in China, he was determined to go there and sell spoons. He thought even if he could earn one penny for one spoon, he would still make a lot of money.(17世纪，一位英国商人听说中国有一亿人口，就下决心去中国卖勺子。他想，即使一个勺子能挣一分钱，他也会赚很多钱)”可知，后文应该强调该事情的结果。B选项“But to his surprise, the Chinese people use chopsticks, not spoons.( 但令他惊讶的是，中国人用筷子，而不是勺子)”承接前文。故选B。 7．根据前文“When we steamed or boiled food, it was difficult for us to use spoons to dip vegetables in the soup. (当我们蒸或煮食物时，我们很难用勺子把蔬菜浸在汤里)”可知，此处应该强调解决该问题的方式。C选项“Therefore, Chinese people cleverly invented chopsticks to pick food.(因此，中国人聪明地发明了筷子来挑选食物)”承接前文。故选C。 8．根据前文“Chopsticks reflect gentleness and kindness, the main moral teaching of Confucianism. (筷子体现了儒学的主要道德教育——温柔和仁爱)”可知，筷子体现了儒学的主要道德教育——温柔和仁爱。后文应该继续对该主题进行强调。F选项“So these virtues have gradually become the rules people follow in their daily life. (因此，这些美德逐渐成为人们在日常生活中遵循的规则)”指出，这些美德逐渐成为人们在日常生活中遵循的规则。these virtues指代前文的gentleness and kindness。故选F。 9．根据后文“It means you lay the blame on others.(这意味着你把责任推给别人)”可知，此处指出用筷子指着别人意味着把责任推给别人。D选项“Besides, never point at people with your chopsticks while using them.(此外，不要用筷子指着别人)”与下文的it呼应，且First和Besides是并列关系。故选D。 10．根据前文“Today, chopsticks have become a typical part of Chinese culture, symbolising the power of unity.(如今，筷子已成为中国文化的典型组成部分，象征着团结的力量)”可知，此处强调筷子象征着团结的力量。同时根据后文“However, ten pairs of chopsticks represent strength, which means they won’t break off in any cases. (然而，十双筷子代表力量，这意味着它们在任何情况下都不会折断)”可知，前文应该与此处构成转折关系。E选项“Indeed, one chopstick is useless and so delicate that it can be broken readily. (事实上，一根筷子是没有用的，它是如此脆弱，很容易被折断)”指出一根筷子容易折断，与后文构成转折关系。故选E。 Passage 3 （20-21高一上·北京海淀·期中） Why You Should Schedule Some “Me Time” Every Day Most people in our culture feel the need to be going all the time. If we are not working and putting our energy into something, we believe we are wasting time. We feel taking time for ourselves is a waste. And to some extent, it’s true—pushing yourself nonstop may bring some measure of success. 11 Stress and the inability to enjoy a little time-out have very real health and psychological effects, such as headaches, heart attacks, depression and poor concentration. So, the biggest reason to take a little time out for yourself is to avoid these negative consequences of not doing so. 12 Specifically, taking some “me” time can help you avoid bad mood and enable you to control your emotions. If you live with someone, like a spouse, children, or even a pet, they may not understand your need to take “me” time but they certainly will appreciate the way your mood has improved. Contrary to this, the lack of time to yourself can cause you to build up anger that can harm both you and your relationships. 13 So you must give yourself permission to take at least a half hour per day, even if it’s divided, just for yourself. If you have to, set the alarm, schedule it on the calendar, or put it on your “to-do” list for the day. Whatever you have to do, make it happen every day. It can be as simple as sitting on the deck, reading a book, and watching the sun come up with a hot cup of coffee. In addition to that, setting boundaries is important. 14 Also acknowledge that you need to limit the demands that other people can make on your time. Taking a little time for yourself refreshes and re-energizes you. It allows you to think more clearly and make better decisions. 15 You come to realize that you are important and deserve to have a little time to yourself. If you engage in something you enjoy during your time-out, you also have the satisfaction of reading that book, or writing that poem. But be careful that you use your “me” time for leisurely activities and don’t push yourself to complete anything. Simply enjoy the time out. A．Taking “me” time benefits those around you as well. B．Actually it is not that difficult to find a little “me” time. C．Taking “me” time also builds your self-worth over time. D．It might seem easy to schedule a little “me” time, but often it isn’t. E．Realize that there are limits to what you can do, and build your life around that. F．But more than that, “me” time can make you a better person both inside and out. G．However, going for long periods without time for yourself may cost you in the end. 【答案】11．G 12．F 13．D 14．E 15．C 【分析】本文为应用文。文章说明了在生活中，除了工作以外，我们需要留时间给自己休息，避免不休息带来的消极后果，以及我们可以利用休息时间让自己恢复活力，逐渐建立自我价值。 11．上文“We feel taking time for ourselves is a waste. And to some extent, it’s true—pushing yourself nonstop may bring some measure of success.（我们觉得把时间留给自己是一种浪费。在某种程度上，这是真的——不停地逼迫自己可能会带来某种程度的成功）”说明了我们觉得自己要不断地努力工作；G选项“However, going for long periods without time for yourself may cost you in the end.（然而，如果长时间没有自己的时间，最终可能会让你付出代价）”与上文为转折关系，表示如果继续不留时间给自己休息，会导致什么样的结果；后文“Stress and the inability to enjoy a little time-out have very real health and psychological effects, such as headaches, heart attacks, depression and poor concentration.（压力和无法享受短暂的休息对健康和心理都有很大的影响，比如头痛、心脏病、抑郁和注意力不集中）”说明了不留时间给自己休息所带来的后果，是对G选项的补充说明。故选G项。 12．上文“So, the biggest reason to take a little time out for yourself is to avoid these negative consequences of not doing so.（所以，花点时间休息一下的最大原因是为了避免不休息带来的消极后果）”说明了花时间休息的原因；F选项“But more than that, “me” time can make you a better person both inside and out.（但更重要的是，“自我”时间可以让你从内到外都成为一个更好的人）”起到对上文的顺承作用，进一步说明了休息的更重要的另一个原因；下文“Specifically, taking some “me” time can help you avoid bad mood and enable you to control your emotions.（具体地说，花一些“自我”时间可以帮助你避免坏情绪，让你能够控制自己的情绪）”说明了拥有“自我”时间的好处，对F选项起到了解释说明作用。故选F选项。 13．D选项“It might seem easy to schedule a little “me” time, but often it isn’t.（安排一点属于自己的时间似乎很容易，但往往不是这样）”说明了给自己安排时间不容易，与下文构成因果关系（表示因果关系的单词So为标志）；下文“So you must give yourself permission to take at least a half hour per day, even if it’s divided, just for yourself.（所以你必须允许自己每天至少花半小时的时间，即使是分开的，也要只花给自己）” 说明了给自己留时间的方法，对D选项提到的给自己安排时间不容易提供了解决方法：必须允许自己至少留半个小时，即使是零碎的时间也可以。故选D项。 14．上文“In addition to that, setting boundaries is important.（除此之外，设定界限也很重要）”说明了界限的重要性；E选项“Realize that there are limits to what you can do, and build your life around that.（你要意识到你能做的事情是有限的，然后围绕这一点来建立你的生活）”中“there are limits to what you can do”与上文的“boundaries”意义相近，都提到了界限，与上文呼应；同时E选项与下文“Also acknowledge that you need to limit the demands that other people can make on your time.（同时也要意识到你需要限制别人对你时间的要求）”也相呼应，同样提及界限；E选项起到承上启下的作用。故选E项。 15．上文“Taking a little time for yourself refreshes and re-energizes you. It allows you to think more clearly and make better decisions.（给自己留点时间可以让自己恢复活力。它能让你思考得更清楚，做出更好的决定）”说明了给自己留时间的好处；C选项“Taking “me” time also builds your self-worth over time.（利用“自我”时间也能逐渐建立你的自我价值）”也说明了给自己留时间的好处（句中的“also”呼应上文），能够逐渐建立自己的自我价值；下文“If you engage in something you enjoy during your time-out, you also have the satisfaction of reading that book, or writing that poem. But be careful that you use your “me” time for leisurely activities and don’t push yourself to complete anything.（如果你在空闲时间从事一些你喜欢的事情，你也会从读那本书或写那首诗中获得满足。但是要注意，你要把你的“自我”时间用于休闲活动，不要强迫自己完成任何事情）”对C选项起到承接作用，说明了自我价值的建立应该做一些休闲，让自己享受时光的事情。故选C项。 Passage 4 （2023·北京海淀·期中） Humans have long tried to conquer water. We’ve straightened once-winding rivers for shipping purposes. We’ve constructed levees (防洪堤) along rivers and lakes to protect people from flooding—We’ve erected entire cities on drained and filled-in wetlands. We’ve built dams on rivers to store water for later use. 16 But it’s not, argues environmental journalist Erica Gies,author of Water Always Wins. Levees, which narrow channels causing water to flow higher and faster, nearly always break. Cities on former wetlands flood regularly—often disastrously. Dams starve downstream areas of sediment (沉积物) needed to protect coasts against rising seas. Straightened streams move faster than winding ones, giving water less time to flow downward. And they wash away riverbed ecosystems. In addition to laying out this damage done by supposed water control, Gies takes readers on a hopeful global tour of solutions to these problems. Along the way, she introduces “water detectives” —scientists,engineers,urban planners, and many others. 17 These water detectives have found ways to give the slippery substance the time and space it needs to flow slowly underground. Around Seattle’s Thornton Creek, for instance, reclaimed land now allows for regular flooding, which has renewed riverbed habitat and created an urban oasis. In California’s Central Valley, scientists want to find ways to move unpolluted storm water into subsurface valleys that make ideal aquifers (含水层). 18 While some people are exploring new ways to manage water, others are leaning on ancient knowledge. Researchers in Peru are now studying old-style methods of water storage, which don’t require dams, in hopes of ensuring a steady flow of water to Lima—Peru’s populous capital that’s periodically affected by water shortage. 19 “Decision makers come from a culture of concrete,” Gies writes, “in which dams, pipes and desalination factories are standard.” Understanding how to work with, not against, water will help humankind weather this age of drought and flood that’s being worsened by climate change. 20 Instead, we must learn to live within our water means because water will undoubtedly win. A．Controlling water, Gies convincingly argues, is a false belief. B．Instead of trying to control water, they ask: What does water want? C．It seems that water is cooperative and willing to flow where we direct it. D．These old-style underwater concrete techniques pave the way for the construction of dams. E．To further understand the whole ecosystem, they believe effective water control requires effort. F．The study may help convince those who favor concrete-centric solutions to try something new. G．Feeding groundwater supplies will in turn sustain rivers from below, which helps to maintain water levels and ecosystems. 【答案】16．C 17．B 18．G 19．F 20．A 【导语】本文为一篇说明文。人类长期以来一直试图征服水，但是《水总是赢》一书的作者、环境记者埃里卡·吉斯认为：了解如何与水合作，而不是与水对抗，将有助于人类度过这个因气候变化而恶化的干旱和洪水时代。 16．上文“We’ve straightened once-winding rivers for shipping purposes. We’ve constructed levees(防洪堤)along rivers and lakes to protect people from flooding—We’ve erected entire cities on drained and filled-in wetlands.We’ve built dams on rivers to store water for later use. (为了航运的目的，我们把曾经蜿蜒的河流拉直了。我们沿着河流和湖泊修建堤坝，保护人们免受洪水侵袭——我们在排水和填平的湿地上建起了整座城市。我们在河上筑坝蓄水以备后用。)”可知，人类为了自己的目的，采用了不同的方式来管控水，C项“It seems that water is cooperative and willing to flow where we direct it. (看来水是合作的，愿意向我们指引的方向流动。)”可推知，水貌似顺应了人类的要求，人类占了上风，C项承接上文，下文“But it’s not, argues environmental journalist Erica Gies,author of Water Always Wins. (但《水总是赢》一书的作者、环境记者埃里卡·吉斯认为，事实并非如此。)”，C项与下文为转折关系，水总是能赢，下文引出话题。上下文衔接连贯，故选C项。 17．上文“In addition to laying out this damage done by supposed water control, Gies takes readers on a hopeful global tour of solutions to these problems. Along the way, she introduces ‘water detectives’—scientists,engineers,urban planners, and many others. (除了列出所谓的治水所造成的破坏之外，吉斯还带读者踏上了一趟充满希望的全球之旅，寻找解决这些问题的办法。在此过程中，她介绍了‘水侦探’——科学家、工程师、城市规划师和其他许多人。)”可知，此处介绍了一群关注治水的人，B项“Instead of trying to control water, they ask: What does water want? (他们不是试图控制水，而是问：水想要什么？)”，B项中的they指代上文中的 “water detectives” —scientists,engineers,urban planners, and many others，结合下文“These water detectives have found ways to give the slippery substance the time and space it needs to flow slowly underground. (些水侦探已经找到了一些方法，让这种光滑的物质有时间和空间在地下慢慢流动。)”可知，这些水侦探知道了水要什么，并找到了对策，上下文衔接连贯。故选B项。 18．上文“In California’s Central Valley, scientists want to find ways to move unpolluted storm water into subsurface valleys that make ideal aquifers (含水层). (在加州的中央山谷，科学家们想要找到一种方法，将未受污染的雨水转移到地下山谷，形成理想的含水层)”可知，通过雨水补给地下水形成理想的地下含水层，G项“Feeding groundwater supplies will in turn sustain rivers from below, which helps to maintain water levels and ecosystems. (补给地下水反过来又会从地下维持河流，这有助于维持水位和生态系统。)”表明，充足的地下水能保证河流的水量，上下文衔接连贯顺畅，故选G项。 19．上文“While some people are exploring new ways to manage water, others are leaning on ancient knowledge. Researchers in Peru are now studying old-style methods of water storage, which don’t require dams, in hopes of ensuring a steady flow of water to Lima—Peru’s populous capital that’s periodically affected by water shortage. (当一些人在探索管理水的新方法时，另一些人则依靠古老的知识。秘鲁的研究人员现在正在研究不需要水坝的老式蓄水方法，希望能确保水稳定地流向利马——秘鲁人口众多的首都，它经常受到水资源短缺的影响。)”可知，秘鲁的研究人员依靠古老的蓄水方式管理水，F项“The study may help convince those who favor concrete-centric solutions to try something new. (这项研究可能有助于说服那些喜欢以混凝土为中心的解决方案的人尝试一些新的东西。)”，此处The study指代上文中的秘鲁的水管理的研究，下文“‘Decision makers come from a culture of concrete,’ Gies writes, ‘in which dams, pipes and desalination factories are standard.’ (‘决策者来自混凝土文化，’吉斯写道，‘水坝、管道和海水淡化工厂是标准的。’)”，下文中的Decision makers come from a culture of concrete与F项中的those who favor concrete-centric solutions相呼应，故选F项。 20．上文“Understanding how to work with, not against, water will help humankind weather this age of drought and flood that’s being worsened by climate change. (了解如何与水合作，而不是与水对抗，将有助于人类度过这个因气候变化而恶化的干旱和洪水时代。)”为对上文的总结，A项“Controlling water, Gies convincingly argues, is a false belief. (吉斯令人信服地指出，控制水资源是一种错误的信念。)”是对上一句的进一步解释，下文“Instead, we must learn to live within our water means because water will undoubtedly win. (相反，我们必须学会用水，因为水无疑会赢。)”，A项与下文为转折关系，说明了人类与水之间的正确关系，上下文衔接连贯，故选A项。 Passage 5 （24-25高一下·北京·期中） When you go to concerts, you expect your favorite musician to perform amazingly on stage. But you may have noticed something curious that most musicians don’t just play with their fingers. They also involve body movements that fit the song’s beat or dance following the music. 21 The facial expressions musicians show when playing may seem strange or crazy to an outsider, but all that pulling faces might actually serve a purpose. Firstly, playing a musical instrument usually requires intense focus and concentration. 22 Their facial expressions can be a demonstration of the intense emotions and physical effort that go hand-in-hand with musical performance. They’re often subconscious-in fact, many of us will pull strange faces when we’re deeply involved in an activity we care about. 23 Musicians have a strong emotional connection with the music they perform. They often use their facial expressions to express the mood and interpretation of the music, which creates a more engaging musical experience. While facial expressions may not directly make someone a better musician, they might contribute to the overall artistry of the music. Performing live music is a rather stressful experience, so it could be that the performer is expressing those nerves through their face-biting the bottom lip, for example. Luckily, nerves will often go away soon after a musician starts performing. 24 The facial expressions obviously to some extent express the performer’s inner world. Another interesting thing is that making facial expressions can have a physiological impact on the musician’s performance. Some research suggests that certain facial movements can activate specific muscles and improve muscle harmonization. 25 However, it’s important to note that this relationship is still not well understood, and the extent to which facial expressions directly impact musical competence is a subject of ongoing investigation. A．When you’re really focused, you don’t care about the outside world. B．Among them the part of the body that best exhibits this is obviously the face. C．They likely won’t be the main cause for those strange faces throughout a performance. D．Such effects are particularly helpful in controlling muscles when playing an instrument. E．Facial expressions can also help musicians communicate emotions and artistic expression. F．Musicians are often overcome with emotion from the music itself or the reaction of the crowd. G．Musicians often enter a state of “flow”, where they become completely absorbed in the music they’re creating. 【答案】21．B 22．G 23．E 24．C 25．D 【导语】本文是说明文。音乐家演奏时不只是用手指演奏还会有身体动作，其中一个身体动作就是面部表情。文章主要介绍了音乐家演奏时使用面部表情给他们带来的好处。 21．上文“But you may have noticed something curious that most musicians don’t just play with their fingers. They also involve body movements that fit the song’s beat or dance following the music. (但您可能已经注意到一些奇怪的事情，大多数音乐家不只是用手指演奏。还包括适应歌曲节奏或舞蹈音乐的身体动作。)”可知，音乐家不仅用手指演奏，还会用身体动作，下文“The facial expressions musicians show when playing may seem strange or crazy to an outsider, but all that pulling faces might actually serve a purpose.(音乐家在演奏时表现出的面部表情对于局外人来说可能看起来很奇怪或疯狂，但所有这些表情实际上可能都是有目的的。)”指出了音乐家在演奏时的面部表情是什么样的，由此可知，空处应指出音乐家的身体动作之一就是面部表情，B项“其中最能体现这一点的身体部位显然就是脸部。”承上启下，them代指上文“body movements”，故选B。 22．上文“Firstly, playing a musical instrument usually requires intense focus and concentration.(首先，演奏乐器通常需要高度集中注意力)”指出演奏乐器通常需要高度集中注意力，所以音乐家会在演奏时完全沉浸于表演中，G项“音乐家经常进入一种“心流”状态，他们完全沉浸在他们正在创作的音乐中。”承接上文，故选G。 23．上文“Their facial expressions can be a demonstration of the intense emotions and physical effort that go hand-in-hand with musical performance.(他们的面部表情可以表现出与音乐表演密切相关的强烈情感和体力。)”指出面部表情的好处之一是可以表现出与音乐表演密切相关的强烈情感和体力，下文“Musicians have a strong emotional connection with the music they perform. They often use their facial expressions to express the mood and interpretation of the music, which creates a more engaging musical experience. (音乐家与他们演奏的音乐有着强烈的情感联系。他们经常用面部表情来表达音乐的情绪和诠释，从而创造出更具吸引力的音乐体验。)”指出音乐家用面部表情来表达音乐的情绪，E项“面部表情还可以帮助音乐家交流情感和艺术表达。”介绍了面部表情的其他好处，故选E。 24．上文“Performing live music is a rather stressful experience, so it could be that the performer is expressing those nerves through their face-biting the bottom lip, for example. Luckily, nerves will often go away soon after a musician starts performing.(表演现场音乐是一种相当紧张的体验，因此表演者可能会通过咬下嘴唇等方式来表达这些紧张情绪。幸运的是，音乐家开始表演后，紧张往往很快就会消失)”指出表演者可能会通过咬下嘴唇等方式来表达紧张情绪，但是音乐家在表演的时候不会出现紧张情绪，所以紧张情绪不是音乐家出现这些奇怪面部表情的原因，C项“它们可能不会成为整个表演过程中出现这些奇怪面孔的主要原因。”承接上文，they代指上文的nerves，故选C。 25．上文“Another interesting thing is that making facial expressions can have a physiological impact on the musician’s performance. Some research suggests that certain facial movements can activate specific muscles and improve muscle harmonization.(另一件有趣的事情是，面部表情会对音乐家的表演产生生理影响。一些研究表明，某些面部动作可以激活特定的肌肉并改善肌肉的协调性)”指出面部表情会对音乐家的表演产生生理影响——可以激活特定的肌肉并改善肌肉的协调性，空处承接上文，指出这种生理影响对音乐家表演时所带来的好处，D项“这种效果对于演奏乐器时控制肌肉特别有帮助。”符合语境，Such effects呼应上文的activate specific muscles and improve muscle harmonization，故选D。 Passage 6 （23-24高一下·北京·期中） Humankind has tried to improve its standard of living since the very beginning of civilization (文明). Back then, and today, providing food was the basic task for a person. 26 People feel the need for not only some primary things, such as bread and shelters, but also for various facilities and luxuries. Providing humanity (人类) with these things is connected to the use of natural resources, which requires energy. In turn, the common sources of energy we use today cause pollution, so economic growth is almost inevitably connected with environmental damage. 27 The first of these is the fact that in order to produce more goods and products, at a faster rate, the construction of large industrial plants is required. These plants produce a lot of waste, which may cause negative long-term health effects to nearby populations of animals, or people. The traditional energy sources, which are commonly used nowadays, are considered to be the greatest polluters to the environment. There also exist so-called eco-friendly sources of energy. 28 Of course, during this time people have to make some sacrifices to support these undertakings (企业) . In order to produce practical energy, a transformation of the natural site is often inevitable (不可避免的). 29 Application of wind energy would block airflow’s natural speed. Consequently, the pressure balance that is brought about by this current will be affected, and it is important to remember that the environment and weather conditions are directly affected by atmospheric pressure. 30 This is the embarrassment mankind has to deal with. A good balance between economic development and sustainability is forever what humankind has to keep in mind A．There are certain aspects of economic growth which affect the environment. B．Clean energy has always been on the priority list for a better environment. C．For these reasons, bringing about economic growth without any resulting environmental damage is impossible. D．However, nowadays the range of required goods has expanded significantly. E．So humankind began to make exploration to satisfy themselves economically and mentally. F．They are sometimes preferred but replacing the traditional sources with them also requires time. G．This is expensive and, has harmful effects on the environment. 【答案】26．D 27．A 28．F 29．G 30．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了人类提高生活水平与环境污染之间的关系。 26．根据上文“Back then, and today, providing food was the basic task for a person.(无论是过去还是现在，提供食物都是一个人的基本任务。)”和下文“People feel the need for not only some primary things, such as bread and shelters, but also for various facilities and luxuries.(人们不仅需要一些基本的东西，如面包和住所，而且需要各种设施和奢侈品。)”可知，上下文都在描述人类需求的改变，从最初的提供食物到现在需要更多的商品和奢侈品。因此，需要一个转折句来连接这两个观点，说明现在所需商品的范围已经显著扩大。D项：However, nowadays the range of required goods has expanded significantly.(然而，如今所需商品的范围已经大大扩大了。)符合语境。故选D。 27．根据下文“The first of these is the fact that in order to produce more goods and products, at a faster rate, the construction of large industrial plants is required. These plants produce a lot of waste, which may cause negative long-term health effects to nearby populations of animals, or people.(首先，为了以更快的速度生产更多的商品和产品，需要建设大型工业工厂。这些植物产生大量的废物，这可能会对附近的动物或人的健康造成长期的负面影响。)”可知，本段主要介绍了经济增长对环境造成的负面影响。A项：There are certain aspects of economic growth which affect the environment.(经济增长的某些方面会影响环境。)总引下文，符合语境。故选A。 28．根据上文“There also exist so-called eco-friendly sources of energy.(也有所谓的环保能源。)”和下文“Of course, during this time people have to make some sacrifices to support these undertakings (企业) .(当然，在这段时间里，人们必须做出一些牺牲来支持这些事业。)”可知，空处应该指出环保能源的使用现状，F项中的“time”和下文中的“during this time”对应。F项：They are sometimes preferred but replacing the traditional sources with them also requires time.(它们有时更受欢迎，但用它们代替传统的来源也需要时间。)符合语境。故选F。 29．根据上文“In order to produce practical energy, a transformation of the natural site is often inevitable (不可避免的).(为了产生实用的能源，对自然场地的改造往往是不可避免的。)”可知，上文提到为了产生实用的能源，对自然场所的改造通常是不可避免的，接着需要解释这种改造的代价和影响。结合下文“Application of wind energy would block airflow’s natural speed. Consequently, the pressure balance that is brought about by this current will be affected, and it is important to remember that the environment and weather conditions are directly affected by atmospheric pressure.(风能的应用会阻碍气流的自然速度。因此，这股洋流带来的压力平衡将受到影响，重要的是要记住，环境和天气状况直接受到大气压力的影响。)”可知，后文也进一步说明了这种影响，如风能应用会阻挡气流的自然速度，影响气压平衡，进而影响环境和天气条件。G项：This is expensive and, has harmful effects on the environment.(这是昂贵的，对环境有有害的影响。)说明改造的负面影响，符合语境。故选G。 30．根据上文“Application of wind energy would block airflow’s natural speed. Consequently, the pressure balance that is brought about by this current will be affected, and it is important to remember that the environment and weather conditions are directly affected by atmospheric pressure.(风能的应用会阻碍气流的自然速度。因此，这股洋流带来的压力平衡将受到影响，重要的是要记住，环境和天气状况直接受到大气压力的影响。)”可知，上文提到环境和天气条件直接受到大气压的影响，需要记住这一点，空处需要总结这种影响对经济增长和环境保护之间的关系。C项：For these reasons, bringing about economic growth without any resulting environmental damage is impossible.(由于这些原因，实现经济增长而不造成任何环境破坏是不可能的。)符合语境。故选C。 Passage 7 （22高一下·北京·期中） Stare at a blank wall in any room, and you are unlikely to learn much more than the paint color. But a new technology can inconspicuously scan the same surface for shadows and reflections. 31 But they can be got by one tool and analyzed to determine details including how many people are in the room—and what they are doing. This tool could gather information from a partial view of a space. It can spy on activity from around a corner. 32 As people move around a room, their bodies block a portion of any available light to create delicate and indistinct “soft shadows” on walls. 33 But these faint (微弱的) signals are usually drowned out by the main source of environment light. “If we neglect whatever we are observing, you would just be left with camera noise—and signal,” says Prafull Sharma, a graduate student at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Sharma and other researchers did the experiment by filming a wall in a room as its occupants moved around and averaging the frames over time. 34 Then the team fed the videos into a machine-learning model to teach it which soft shadow patterns indicated which behavior. The resulting system can automatically analyze footage of a blank wall in any room in real time, determining the number of people and their actions. 35 It can register only group sizes and activities for which it has been trained, and it requires a high-resolution camera; a standard digital camera creates too much background noise, and smartphone camera results are even worse. A．The technology is thought advanced. B．These can’t be caught by the human eye. C．They recorded various activities of the people in the room. D．Brightly colored clothing can even cast a light reflected glow. E．It also can monitor someone who avoids a camera’s line of sight. F．The system is considered a unique and wonderful discovery by camera specialists. G．Although this system can function in any room, it performs poorly in dim lighting. 【答案】31．B 32．E 33．D 34．C 35．G 【导语】本文是说明文。文章讲述了一项新技术可以通过扫描墙壁，收集信息来断定房间里有多少人以及人们的活动等。 31．上文“But a new technology can inconspicuously scan the same surface for shadows and reflections.( 但是一项新技术可以在不明显的情况下扫描同一表面上的阴影和反射。)”提到了一项可以扫描阴影和发射的新技术，下文“But they can be got by one tool and analyzed to determine details including how many people are in the room—and what they are doing.( 但它们可以通过一种工具获得并分析，以断定包括房间里有多少人以及他们正在做什么在内的细节。)”说明可以通过一种工具获得并做出分析，由but可知，空处与下文是转折关系，B项“这些是人眼无法捕捉到的。”符合语境，these指代上文“shadows and reflections”，与下文是转折关系。故选B。 32．上文“This tool could gather information from a partial view of a space. It can spy on activity from around a corner.( 这个工具可以从一个空间的局部视图收集信息。它可以在角落里监视活动。)”阐述了这个工具的功能，可以在角落里监视，收集信息，E项中的“monitor”与“spy”意思相近，因此推断E项“它还可以监控那些避开摄像头视线的人。”符合语境，与上文是并列关系，also是关键词。故选E。 33．上文“As people move around a room, their bodies block a portion of any available light to create delicate and indistinct “soft shadows” on walls.(当人们在房间里走动时，他们的身体会挡住任何可用的光线，在墙壁上创造出微妙而模糊的“柔软的阴影”。)”讲述人们可以挡住光线在墙壁上留下阴影，D项“cast a light reflected glow”话题一致，因此推断D项“色彩鲜艳的衣服甚至可以投射出一种反射的光。”符合语境，与上文是并列关系，故选D。 34．上文“Sharma and other researchers did the experiment by filming a wall in a room as its occupants moved around and averaging the frames over time.( Sharma和其他研究人员做了这个实验，他们拍摄房间里的一堵墙，让墙里的人四处走动，随着时间的推移，平均这些帧数。)”讲述实验人员拍摄下人们走动的情况下的墙面，讲述实验过程，下文“Then the team fed the videos into a machine-learning model to teach it which soft shadow patterns indicated which behavior.( 然后，该团队将这些视频输入机器学习模型，教它哪种柔软的阴影模式表示哪种行为。)”也是讲述实验过程，因此推断空处是讲述实验，因此推断C项“他们记录了房间里的人的各种活动。”符合语境，承上启下。故选C。 35．下文“It can register only group sizes and activities for which it has been trained, and it requires a high-resolution camera; a standard digital camera creates too much background noise, and smartphone camera results are even worse.( 它只能记录它为之受训过的团体规模和活动，而且它需要一个高分辨率的相机；标准的数码相机会产生太多的背景噪音，而智能手机的拍摄效果更差。)”说明这个系统的不足之处，因此推断G项“虽然这个系统可以在任何房间里工作，但它在昏暗的灯光下表现不佳。”符合语境，故选G。 主题01 人与社会 Passage 8 （2020高一下·北京·期中） The World Water Day has been celebrated annually on 22 March since1992. Each year has a different theme, looking at things like the role of clean water in the world of work, ways to stop wasting water, finding ways to supply water to underprivileged groups and so on. 36 But it is also vital for sanitation(卫生). It is estimated that more than 700 children under the age of seven die every day from illnesses linked to unsafe water and poor sanitation. The right to water and sanitation was recognized as a human right. 37 These include rural communities, people who have been displaced due to war and local conflicts and areas where climate change is making water more and more scarcer. Apart from the obvious health issues, a lack of accessible clean water means that people – often women and children – spend hours every day walking to and from distant water supplies. This means they don’t have time to dedicate to work, studies and other domestic duties. 38 And people who are not able to walk to get their own water are particularly vulnerable. There are many charities working on creating sustainable supplies of clean water for different communities around the world. 39 But the fundamental problem of increasing demand for a limited resource can only be addressed by more efficient use of water, especially in industry and agriculture. Waste-water recycling, capturing rainwater, more efficient irrigation techniques and reforestation are all examples of how water can be used more efficiently. 40 We should support charities, raise awareness, take part in the World Water Day events that are happening all around the world and, of course, be careful with how we use water in our own lives. Visit the UN World Water Day website to find out about an event near us. Follow world water day on social media and help spread the word about this incredibly important issue. A．Clean drinking water is fundamental. B．As individuals, what can we do to help the issue? C．The search for water becomes their main occupation. D．This important work needs to continue and to expand. E．Every living cell in the body needs water to keep functioning. F．In normal conditions, the human body can only survive three or four days without water. G．However, there are still at least 2.1 billion people around the world living without safe water. 【答案】36．A 37．G 38．C 39．D 40．B 【分析】本文是说明文。自1992年3月22日起，每年都庆祝世界水日。 36．根据空前But it is also vital for sanitation(卫生).得知但是水在卫生方面也是至关重要的，说明前面在说水在什么方面是重要的。选项A：干净的饮用水是基础的切题。故选A。 37．根据空后These include rural communities, people who have been displaced due to war and local conflicts and areas where climate change is making water more and more scarcer.包括偏远地区，由于战争和当地冲突，气候变化导致水奇缺。这里在说世界上仍然有21亿人没有干净的水。故选G。 38．根据空前This means they don’t have time to dedicate to work, studies and other domestic duties. 得知缺水地区的人们没有时间工作学习，搜寻水是他们的主要工作。故选C。 39．根据空前There are many charities working on creating sustainable supplies of clean water for different communities around the world. 有许多慈善机构致力于为世界不同社区创造清洁水的可持续供应。世界有很多地方需要干净的水，得知这种工作需要持续和扩大范围。故选D。 40．根据空后We should support charities, raise awareness, take part in the World Water Day events得知我们需要慈善，提升意识，参加世界水日的活动。这是对“作为个人，我们要做些什么来帮助解决这个缺水的问题呢？”提问的回答。故选B。 Passage 9 （23-24高一下·北京大兴·期中） Art is a wonderful thing that can enrich our spiritual life. It comes in two main types: realistic and abstract (抽象的). Realistic art aims to show real-life scenes, people, and objects exactly as they appear. It involves paying close attention to details, making things look like photographs. 41 It’s more about expressing feelings, emotions, and ideas. Realistic art is easy to understand. 42 Take the Mona Lisa, for example—it’s a realistic painting of a lady with a mysterious smile. Artworks like this tell stories about history and everyday life, helping us to learn about the past. Unlike realistic art, abstract art is more about being creative. 43 They use shapes, colors and patterns to express feelings and ideas. Abstract art means different things to different people. Some people enjoy trying to figure out what the artwork expresses. 44 Realistic art needs drawing or sculpting exactly to make things look real. Abstract art requires imagination to use shapes and colors in new ways. Many artists are skilled in both. They create realistic pieces to show their technical skills and abstract ones to display their creativity. As for personal preference, some people prefer the clear stories of realistic art while others are attracted to the mystery of abstract art, interpreting meanings in the shapes and forms. Together, the two kinds of art make the art world various and engaging. 45 A．Both types of art take skills to make. B．Viewers can easily recognize what is pictured. C．Mastering abstract art needs more artistic training. D．Photographs show imaginary life of people from long ago. E．Both ways of creating art have their own value and beauty. F．In contrast, abstract art focuses less on realistic appearances. G．Artists have the freedom to go beyond real-life representations. 【答案】41．F 42．B 43．G 44．A 45．E 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要解释了艺术的两种主要类型——现实主义艺术和抽象艺术，并详细描述了它们的特点、创作方式以及它们在艺术世界中的价值和美。 41．根据空前内容“It comes in two main types: realistic and abstract（抽象的）. Realistic art aims to show real-life scenes, people, and objects exactly as they appear. It involves paying close attention to details, making things look like photographs.(它有两种主要类型：现实主义艺术和抽象艺术。现实主义艺术旨在准确地展示现实生活中的场景、人物和物体。它涉及到对细节的密切关注，使事物看起来像照片。)”可知，上文讲述艺术有两种类型，并介绍了现实主义艺术。由此可推测，空处将介绍抽象艺术。选项F“In contrast, abstract art focuses less on realistic appearances.(相比之下，抽象艺术不太注重现实的外表。)”延续上文内容，开始介绍抽象艺术，和空后“It’s more about expressing feelings, emotions, and ideas.(更多的是表达感觉、情感和想法。)”保持一致。故选F。 42．根据空前内容“Realistic art is easy to understand.(现实主义艺术容易理解。)”可知，现实主义艺术容易理解。选项B“Viewers can easily recognize what is pictured(观众可以很容易地识别出所描绘的内容)”是上文内容的自然延续，指的是观众很容易识别现实主义艺术所描绘的内容。故选B。 43．根据空前内容“Unlike realistic art, abstract art is more about being creative.(与现实主义艺术不同，抽象艺术更注重创造性。)”可知，抽象艺术更具创造性。再根据第一段“It’s more about expressing feelings, emotions, and ideas.(更多的是表达感觉、情感和想法。)”可知，抽象艺术更多的是表达感觉、情感和想法。选项G“Artists have the freedom to go beyond real-life representations.(艺术家有超越现实生活表现的自由。)”延续上文内容，指的是抽象艺术家会有超越现实生活表现的自由，作品更具创造性。同时引出下文“They use shapes, colors and patterns to express feelings and ideas.(他们用形状、颜色和图案来表达感情和想法。)”，从而与上文呼应，指的是抽象艺术家会有超越现实生活的表现，用形状、颜色和图案来表达感情和想法。故选G。 44．空处为段首句，为本段主要内容。根据下文内容“Realistic art needs drawing or sculpting exactly to make things look real. Abstract art requires imagination to use shapes and colors in new ways. Many artists are skilled in both. They create realistic pieces to show their technical skills and abstract ones to display their creativity.(现实主义艺术需要绘画或雕刻，使事物看起来真实。抽象艺术需要想象力，以新的方式使用形状和颜色。许多艺术家在这两方面都很熟练。他们创作现实的作品来展示他们的技术技能，抽象的作品来展示他们的创造力。)”可知，本段讲述的是这两种艺术类型都需要一定的技巧。选项A“Both types of art take skills to make.(这两种艺术都需要技巧。)”正是本段内容的总结，并引出下文两种艺术类型的技巧。故选A。 45．根据上文内容“As for personal preference, some people prefer the clear stories of realistic art while others are attracted to the mystery of abstract art, interpreting meanings in the shapes and forms. Together, the two kinds of art make the art world various and engaging.(就个人喜好而言，有些人更喜欢现实主义艺术的清晰故事，而有些人则被抽象艺术的神秘感所吸引，在形状和形式中诠释意义。这两种艺术共同使艺术界丰富多彩，引人入胜。)”可知，这两种艺术都有优点，共同使艺术界丰富多彩，引人入胜。选项E“Both ways of creating art have their own value and beauty(这两种艺术创作方式都有它们自己的价值和美。)”总结上文，指出两种艺术方式都有自己的价值和美。故选E。 Passage 10 （2021高一下·北京·期中） The Changing Landscape of the Music Business The music industry is in the process of a great change. In the past decades, artists made money through physical sales of records, CDs, and cassettes. While in recent years, downloading songs from services such as Amazon or iTunes has become the most common way for people to purchase music, and the whole idea of buying music to own may be falling. To take its place are Internet apps that stream music directly to listeners on their smartphones, tablets, or computers. 46 While this is great for fans, who now have access to millions of songs at the flick of a touchscreen, it has shattered the traditional model of how an artist manages his or her career. With music lovers increasingly moving away from making one-time purchases towards an all-you-can-listen-to service, what is a hard-working artist to do? The main problem facing many musicians is that payments-per-stream of a song are much lower than what an artist would receive from a download. 47 In November of 2014, award-winning musician Taylor Swift pulled her entire music catalog from Spotify, a popular streaming app, claiming that their business model suggests that music does not hold much worth. 48 They claim that it offers smaller artists a chance for their music to get heard by a wider audience. Brian Message, manager of the band Radiohead, has come out in support of streaming services. He sees them as a way for musicians and fans to interact. Regardless of what artists may think about this change in the music industry, there’s no arguing that they need to adapt in order to make money. 49 Corporate sponsorship can be a risky option for musicians. A band can make much money by agreeing to promote a product or license its music for use in advertisements, but there are many ways that this can backfire. When bands work with businesses, they may lose the image they have worked to create. 50 Artists must develop an image that appeals to their fans in order to remain unique and authentic, or they risk striking .the wrong chord, which could leave them struggling to sustain careers in this new business landscape. A．Others have welcomed the idea of streaming music. B．However, those forms of media are quickly fading away. C．Some big-name artists have called attention to the issue. D．The rules could be different for smaller bands just starting out. E．Maintaining a fine image while working on a career is certainly tricky. F．One major shift is the growth in partnership between artists and businesses. G．These apps are available either as free versions or as monthly subscription services. 【答案】46．G 47．C 48．A 49．F 50．E 【分析】本文是一篇议论文。文章描写了流媒体的发展对于现如今音乐人的影响。 46．根据后文“While this is great for fans, who now have access to millions of songs at the flick of a touchscreen, it has shattered the traditional model of how an artist manages his or her career.（虽然这对歌迷来说是件好事，他们现在只需轻触触摸屏就可以访问数百万首歌曲，但它打破了艺术家管理自己职业生涯的传统模式。）”可猜测，划线句可描写这些应用程序的功能特点是如何打破艺术家管理自己职业生涯的传统模式的。G选项“These apps are available either as free versions or as monthly subscription services.”（这些应用程序要么提供免费版本，要么提供月度订阅服务。）符合题意，且选项中的these apps呼应上文的Internet apps。故选G项。 47．根据前文“The main problem facing many musicians is that payments-per-stream of a song are much lower than what an artist would receive from a download.（许多音乐家面临的主要问题是，每流歌曲的付费远远低于艺术家从下载中获得的费用。）”以及下文“In November of 2014, award-winning musician Taylor Swift pulled her entire music catalog from Spotify, a popular streaming app, claiming that their business model suggests that music does not hold much worth.”（2014年11月，获奖音乐家泰勒·斯威夫特(Taylor Swift)从流行流媒体应用Spotify下架了她的全部音乐目录，声称Spotify的商业模式表明音乐没有多少价值。）可猜测，有些音乐家已经针对这个问题采取行动。C选项“Some big-name artists have called attention to the issue.”（一些大牌艺术家已经引起了人们对这个问题的关注。）符合题意，下文提到的Taylor Swift就是big-name artists中的一个。故选C项。 48．根据下文“They claim that it offers smaller artists a chance for their music to get heard by a wider audience.（他们声称这为小艺术家提供了一个机会，让他们的音乐被更广泛的观众听到。）”可知，也有其他人赞同流媒体的发展。A选项“Others have welcomed the idea of streaming music.”（其他人则对流媒体音乐的想法表示欢迎。）符合题意，故选A项。 49．根据上文“Regardless of what artists may think about this change in the music industry, there’s no arguing that they need to adapt in order to make money.（不管艺术家们对音乐行业的这种变化有什么看法，毫无疑问，为了赚钱，他们需要适应。）”以及下文“Corporate sponsorship can be a risky option for musicians.（对音乐家来说，企业赞助可能是一个冒险的选择。）”可知，这个变化与音乐家和企业赞助有关系。F选项“One major shift is the growth in partnership between artists and businesses.”（一个主要的变化是艺术家和企业之间的合作关系的增长。）符合题意，故选F项。 50．根据下文“Artists must develop an image that appeals to their fans in order to remain unique and authentic, or they risk striking the wrong chord, which could leave them struggling to sustain careers in this new business landscape.（为了保持独特和真实，艺术家们必须塑造出能吸引粉丝的形象，否则他们就有可能引起错误的共鸣，这可能会让他们在新的商业环境下难以维持职业生涯。）”可知，保持良好形象很重要也很困难。E选项“Maintaining a fine image while working on a career is certainly tricky.”（在事业上保持良好的形象当然是很棘手的。）符合题意，故选E项。 Passage 11 （24-25高一下·北京·期中） Do you want to expand your social circle? Making friends is actually quite easy. 51 First, spend more time around people. If you want to make friends, you need to meet them first. 52 You can go to school, join a club, or attend parties. These are great places to meet new people. Second, start a conversation. Once you meet someone new, don’t be shy. Summon up your courage and talk to them. 53 A simple “Hello” or “How are you?” can break the ice. Then, find a common interest to talk about, like a movie or a subject, and the conversation will flow. Third, be a good listener. When someone is talking, give them your full attention. Look them in the eye. 54 Smile and nod to show you’re interested. Finally, be yourself. Don’t try to be someone you’re not. People are drawn to authenticity (真实性). 55 A．True friendships are built when you are yourself. B．Here are some tips to help you make friends. C．You can ask them questions about themselves. D．You can start by saying something friendly. E．So, get out of your house and meet new people. F．Try to make as many friends as possible. G．Smile and nod from time to time. 【答案】51．B 52．E 53．D 54．G 55．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了如何扩展社交圈，通过提供实际建议如多接触人群、主动交谈、善于倾听及保持真实自我来帮助读者交友。 51．上文“Do you want to expand your social circle? Making friends is actually quite easy. (你想扩大你的社交圈吗？交朋友其实很容易)”提出扩大社交圈和交朋友的话题，并指出交朋友很容易，下文则给出了具体的交友建议。空处需要承上启下，引出下文的交友建议。B选项“Here are some tips to help you make friends. (这里有一些建议可以帮助你交朋友)”符合语境，既承接了上文关于交朋友的话题，又引出了下文的具体建议。故选B。 52．上文“If you want to make friends, you need to meet them first. (如果你想交朋友，你需要先见到他们)”指出要想交朋友，首先要见到人，下文“You can go to school, join a club, or attend parties. These are great places to meet new people. (你可以去上学，加入一个俱乐部，或者参加聚会。这些都是认识新朋友的好地方)”则给出了具体的可以见到人的地方。E选项“So, get out of your house and meet new people. (所以，走出家门，去认识新朋友吧)”符合语境，既承接了上文关于要见到人的观点，又引出了下文关于具体地点的建议。故选E。 53．上文“Once you meet someone new, don’t be shy. Summon up your courage and talk to them. (一旦你遇到新朋友，不要害羞。鼓起勇气和他们交谈)”指出遇到新朋友时要鼓起勇气和他们交谈，下文“A simple ‘Hello’ or ‘How are you?’ can break the ice. (一句简单的‘你好’或‘你好吗？’可以打破僵局)”则给出了具体的开场白。D选项“You can start by saying something friendly. (你可以从说一些友好的话开始)”符合语境，既承接了上文关于要交谈的观点，又引出了下文关于具体开场白的建议。故选D。 54．上文“When someone is talking, give them your full attention. Look them in the eye. (当别人说话时，要全神贯注地听。看着他们的眼睛)”指出当别人说话时要全神贯注地听，并看着他们的眼睛，下文“Smile and nod to show you’re interested. (微笑并点头表示你感兴趣)”则进一步指出要通过微笑和点头来表示感兴趣。G选项“Smile and nod from time to time. ((时不时地微笑和点头)”符合语境，既承接了上文关于要全神贯注地听的观点，又引出了下文关于通过微笑和点头来表示感兴趣的建议，使上下文衔接更紧密。故选G。 55．上文“Finally, be yourself. Don’t try to be someone you’re not. People are drawn to authenticity (真实性). (最后，做你自己。不要试图成为你不是的人。人们被真实性所吸引)”指出要做自己，不要试图成为别人，因为人们被真实性所吸引。A选项“True friendships are built when you are yourself. (当你做自己时，真正的友谊才会建立)”符合语境，承接了上文关于要做自己的观点，又进一步强调了做自己对于建立真正友谊的重要性。故选A。 Passage 12 （23-24高一下·北京通州·期中） In today’s world, it can be challenging to stay motivated and positive. However, one powerful tool that we can use to overcome these challenges is encouragement. Encouragement can make a significant difference in someone’s life. 56 Encouragement can come in many forms, such as words of affirmation (肯定), acts of kindness, or simply showing support. In today’s society, where negativity is common, a little bit of encouragement can go a long way. One of the most significant benefits of encouragement is that it builds strong relationships. Encouragement creates a positive environment where people feel valued and appreciated. When we encourage others, we are showing them that we believe in them and that we care about their well-being. 57 Another benefit of encouragement is that it creates a chain reaction. 58 This chain reaction can spread throughout a community, workplace, or family. By building each other up, we create a supportive and empowering environment. 59 The first step is to be intentional about our words and actions. We can start by offering genuine words, expressing thanks, or simply listening attentively. We can also seek out opportunities to encourage others, whether it’s through volunteering or offering support during tough times. By taking small but consistent actions, we can make a significant impact on the lives of other people. In conclusion, the power of encouragement cannot be overstated. It has the potential to transform lives, build strong relationships, and create a ripple effect of positivity. By being intentional about our words and actions, we can use encouragement to build others up and create a better world. 60 A．Encouragement can change our moods. B．So how can we use encouragement to build others up? C．Why should we make every effort to encourage others? D．This strengthens the bond between people and promotes trust and loyalty. E．When we encourage others, they, in turn, are more likely to encourage others F．Let us use the power of encouragement and start building each other up today. G．When we encourage others, we give them the motivation and confidence they need to succeed. 【答案】56．G 57．D 58．E 59．B 60．F 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了鼓励的重要性以及如何鼓励他人。 56．根据上文“Encouragement can make a significant difference in someone’s life.(鼓励可以给一个人的生活带来很大的不同。)”以及后文“Encouragement can come in many forms, such as words of affirmation (肯定), acts of kindness, or simply showing support. In today’s society, where negativity is common, a little bit of encouragement can go a long way.(鼓励可以有很多种形式，比如肯定的话，善意的行为，或者只是表示支持。在当今社会，消极是普遍的，一点点的鼓励可以走很长的路。)”可知，上文提到鼓励给人的生活带来很大不同，后文主要说明了鼓励的形式，推测本句承接上文，具体论述鼓励是如何影响他人的。故G选项“当我们鼓励别人时，我们给了他们成功所需的动力和信心”承上启下，故选G。 57．本句为本段最后一句，根据上文“One of the most significant benefits of encouragement is that it builds strong relationships. Encouragement creates a positive environment where people feel valued and appreciated. When we encourage others, we are showing them that we believe in them and that we care about their well-being.(鼓励最重要的好处之一是它能建立牢固的关系。鼓励创造了一个积极的环境，让人们感到被重视和欣赏。当我们鼓励别人时，我们是在向他们表明我们相信他们，我们关心他们的幸福。)”可知，本句应承接上文，继续说明鼓励他人的好处。故D选项“这加强了人与人之间的联系，促进了信任和忠诚”符合语境，故选D。 58．根据上文“Another benefit of encouragement is that it creates a chain reaction.(鼓励的另一个好处是它会产生连锁反应。)”以及下文“This chain reaction can spread throughout a community, workplace, or family.（这种连锁反应可以蔓延到整个社区、工作场所或家庭。）”可知，本句应承接上文，解释说明“连锁反应”是如何展开的。故E选项“当我们鼓励别人时，反过来，他们也更有可能鼓励别人”符合语境，故选E。 59．根据后文“The first step is to be intentional about our words and actions. We can start by offering genuine words, expressing thanks, or simply listening attentively. We can also seek out opportunities to encourage others, whether it’s through volunteering or offering support during tough times. By taking small but consistent actions, we can make a significant impact on the lives of other people.(第一步是有意识地言行。我们可以从真诚的话语开始，表达感谢，或者只是认真倾听。我们也可以寻找机会鼓励他人，无论是通过志愿服务还是在困难时期提供支持。通过采取小而持续的行动，我们可以对他人的生活产生重大影响。)”可知，本段主要解释了应该如何鼓励他人。故B选项“那么，我们该如何利用鼓励来造就他人呢？”引出下文，符合语境，故选B。 60．本句为本段最后一句，上文“In conclusion, the power of encouragement cannot be overstated. It has the potential to transform lives, build strong relationships, and create a ripple effect of positivity. By being intentional about our words and actions, we can use encouragement to build others up and create a better world.(总之，鼓励的力量怎么强调都不为过。它有可能改变生活，建立牢固的人际关系，并产生积极的连锁反应。通过有意识地言行，我们可以鼓励他人，创造一个更美好的世界。)”提到了鼓励他人可以创造更美好的世界，推测是建议多鼓励他人。故F选项“让我们用鼓励的力量，从今天开始互相帮助”符合语境，故选F。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $