第十讲 动词的语态-【新中考重难点解析】2026年中考英语复习

0 第二部分词法基础知识 第十讲 动词的语态 第一节复习备考指南 动词的语态分为两种：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执 行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。如： They often talk about this game.(主动语态) This game is often talked about by them.(被动语态) 被动语态的构成：助动词be+及物动词的过去分词。助动词be有人称、数和 时态的变化。一般现在时中，be为am/is/are;一般过去时中，be为was/were; 现在进行时中，be为am/is/are+being;过去进行时中，be为was/were+ being;现在完成时中，be为have/has been;过去完成时中，be为had been;在将 来时和含有情态动词的被动结构中，be依旧为be。如： English is spoken by more and more Chinese people. The old man was knocked down by a red car. The question is being discussed now. The film was being shown when we got to the cinema. A lot of new buildings have been built in big cities. The bike had been taken away when my mother went back for it. A map of China will be put up on the wall soon. More trees should be planted to improve the environment. He said the bridge would be completed the next month. 被动语态的用法：当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者，或者没有必要指出谁是动 作的执行者，或者只需要强调动作的承受者时，要用被动语态。如： Dropping litter is almost never allowed everywhere in the world. 应注意的问题： 1.将含有感官动词（后接动词原形时）和使役动词的句子改为被动句时，必须 把to加上。如： Mr.Jones made a robot play chess with him.(主动句) A robot was made to play chess with him(byMr.Jones).(被动句) 73 新中考重难点精析英语 They watched the boys play basketball that afternoon.(主动句) The boys were watched to play basketball that afternoon (by them).( 2.不及物动词不能用于被动语态，但有些不及物动词加上相应的介词后可以 用在被动语态中。如： We should speak to the old politely.(主动句) The old should be spoken to politely..(被动句) The story happened in 2000 不能说：The story was happened in2000.(happen是不及物动词) 3.带双宾语的主动句变为被动句时，可用两种结构来表示。如： My grandmother bought me a sweater last week.(主动句) I was bought a sweater by my grandmother last week.(被s动句) A sweater was bought for me by my grandmother last week. His best friend gave him an MP3 as a birthday present.(主动句) He was given an MP3 as a birthday present by his best friend.(被动句) An MP3 was given to him by his best friend as a birthday present. 4.表示状态而不是动作的及物动词，如have,fit等不能用于被动语态。如： I have two sisters. This pair of pants doesn't fit you. 5.有些动词的主动形式可以表示被动意义。如： The dog is easy to take care of.这只狗容易照看。 This kind of bike sells well.这种自行车很畅销。 These clothes don't wash easily.这些衣服不好洗。 My recorder needs mending.我的录音机需要修理。 This book is worth reading.这本书值得看。 6.一些常用的句型： It is said that.…据说 It is reported that... 据报道 It is believed that... 大家相信 It is hoped that…大家希望 It is well known that... 众所周知 It is thought that…大家认为 74 第二部分词法基础知识 It is said that the sports meeting will be put off till next week. 第二节 往届试题选析 1.A new school last year in my hometown. A.set up B.sets up C.is set up D.was set up 解析：考查一般过去时的被动语态。school在句中作主语，是动作的承受者，又 因时间状语是last year,需采用一般过去时的被动语态。一般过去时被动语态 的构成是：主语+was/were+动词的过去分词，主语是单数名词，be动词用 was,故选D。 2.You can't wear shoes inside this place.It A.doesn't allow B.isn't allowed C.hasn't allowed D.wasn't allowed 解析：考查一般现在时的被动语态。这里It是句子的主语，它与allow之间是被 动关系，穿鞋不被允许，用被动语态；作为一项规则，用一般现在时，即用一般现 在时的被动语态，故选B。 3.-Waiter,I'd like some Ningbo Dumplings. -Sorry,sir.Ningbo Dumpings only for lunch and dinner. A.serve B.served C.are served D.are serving 解析：考查一般现在时的被动语态。首先根据设空处所表述的句子是一般性的 事实，所以用一般现在时，主语Ningbo Dumpings是动作serve的承受者，所以 用被动语态。一般现在时被动语态的构成是：主语+am/is/are+动词的过去 分词，主语是复数名词，be动词用are,故选C。 4.-What a terrible rainstorm it was last night! -Yes,many old trees and houses A.pull down B.were pulling down C.were pulled down D.pulled down 解析：考查一般过去时态的被动语态。答语中提到了“许多老树和房子被摧毁 了”，根据句意和时态可知，要用一般过去时态的被动语态，即were pulled down。故选C。 5.The villagers expect that the building of the bridge before the rainy 75 新中考重难点精析英语 season comes. A.is completed B.was completed C.will be completed D.has been completed 解析：考查一般将来时态的被动语态。句意为：村民们期待在雨季来临之前完成 这座桥的建设。before引导的时间状语从句中的谓语动词使用一般现在时，主 句用一般将来时；主语the building of the bridge与动词complete之间是被动 关系，因此应用一般将来时的被动语态。故选C。 6.These cakes with chocolate.Have one,please. A.fill B.filled C.are filled D.were filled 解析：考查一般现在时态的被动语态。句意为：这些蛋糕里都是巧克力，请吃一 块吧。根据空格后一句Have one,please可知，此处应用一般现在时；fill sth. with sth.是固定用法，意为“用某物将某物填满”，主语cakes与动词fill之间是 被动关系，应用被动语态。故选C。 7.Most of the earth's surface by water. A.is covered B.covers C.is grown D.grows 解析：考查动词辨析和动词的语态。句意为：地球表面大部分被水覆盖。分析句 子结构可知，主语the earth's surface和动词cover之间是被动关系，应用被动语 态。故选A。 8.-Why have I never seen this kind of 5G mobile phone? -Because it last week. A.was produced B.would produce C.have produced D.was producing 解析：考查动词的时态和语态。句意为：一为什么我从来没有见过这种5G手 机？一因为上周才生产它。根据时间状语last week可知，时态应用一般过去 时；且主语it指代的this kind of5 G mobile phone与动词produce之间构成被 动关系，应用被动语态。故选A。 9.Earth Day in 1970 for the first time,and the day now includes events in more than 190 countries and regions(). A.celebrated B.was celebrated C.is celebrated D.has been celebrated 解析：考查动词的时态和语态。句意为：地球日在1970年第一次被庆祝，现在有 076 第二部分词法基础知识 190多个国家和地区参与庆祝该节日的活动。根据时间状语n1970可知，时态应 用一般过去时；且主语Earth Day与动词celebrate之间构成被动关系，应用被动 语态。故选B。 10.-Did you notice the students afew“why”questions in Mr Zhang's class? -Yes,I think he wanted to train their abilities of deep thinking. A.are asked B.must be asked C.have been asked D.were asked 解析：考查宾语从句的动词时态。句意为：一你注意到在张老师的课堂上，学生 们被问到一些“为什么”之类的问题吗？一注意到了，我想他是想训练学生们深 度思考的能力。根据问句中的Did和答语中的he wanted to train可知，此处 表示过去发生的动作，应用一般过去时。故选D。 11.The man did a great job.He on TV and becomes widely known. A.interviewed B.has interviewed C.was interviewed D.will be interviewed 解析：考查动词的时态和语态。句意为：他工作很出色。他被电视台采访并变 得家喻户晓。分析句子结构可知，主语He和动词interview之间构成被动关 系，应用被动语态，排除A、B项；再根据句意可知，interview这一动作已经发 生，时态应用一般过去时。故选C。 12.-Have you heard of the UN Chinese Language Day? -Of course.Chinese by more and more people around the world nowadays. A.spoke B.is spoken C.speaks D.was spoken 解析：考查动词的语态。句意为：一你听说过联合国中文日吗？一当然。现在 全世界越来越多的人讲中文。speak意为“讲”，A为speak的一般过去式；B为 speak的一般现在时被动语态；C为speak的第三人称单数形式；D为speak的一 般过去时被动语态。根据nowadays可知此句的时态是一般现在时态，并且主语 Chinese和谓语speak之间构成被动关系，所以谓语为is spoken。故选B。 13.-Students a few open questions in Ms.Li's class,did you notice that? 77 新中考重难点精析英语 -Yes,I think she wanted to train their abilities of creative thinking. A.are asked B.were asked C.will be asked D.should be asked 解析：考查动词的语态。句意：一在李老师的课上，学生们被问了几个开放性问 题，你注意到了吗？一是的，我想她是想培养他们的创造性思维能力。A为 ask的一般现在时的被动语态；B为ask的一般过去时的被动语态；C为ask的 一般将来时的被动语态；D为ask的含有情态动词的被动语态。根据答句she wanted to train可知句子时态用一般过去时态，且主语Students和谓语动词 ask之间构成被动关系，所以谓语为were asked。故选B。 第三节模拟试题精选 1.The students how to do the experiment in class yesterday. A.were taught B.has taught C.was taught D.teach 2.The road last year. A.builds B.built C.was built D.is built 3.-What should we do first if we want to develop our city? -A lot of new roads I think. A.must build B.have built C.must be built D.have to build 4.-Why didn't you go to Jim's party last Sunday? 一I A.didn't invite B.wasn't invited C.isn't invited D.hasn't invited 5.-Have they moved to the new house? -Not yet,the rooms A.are painting B.are painted C.are being painting D.are being painted 6.If the parks,they will be much more beautiful. A.take good care of B.are taken good care of C.are taken good care D.take good care 7.He is often seen soccer with his classmates on the playground. 78 第二部分词法基础知识 A.play B.to play C.plays D.playing 8.All the tickets when we got to the theater. A.sold out B.were sold out C.have sold out D.had been sold out 9.-Jane was heard just now.What happened? -Joe was telling a joke. A.cry B.laugh C.to cry D.to laugh 10.It's known to us all that the 33rd Olympic Games in France in 2024. A.will hold B.are held C.will be held D.would be held 11.You needn't take the camera with you.Photos can't A.be took B.be taking C.be taken D.take l2.-Please say“I'm here”when your name will you? -Yes,Miss Gao. A.calls B.is calling C.is called D.will be called 13.-Do you like the silk scarf -Yes,I do.It so soft and comfortable. A.feels B.has felt C.is felt D.is feeling 14.Soft drinks to children for free in some restaurants on Children's Day A.offer B.have offered C.are offering D.are offered 15.-How many eggs can I have,Mum? -None,dear.They for your father. A.prepared B.have prepared C.are prepared D.are preparing 16.Driving after drinking wine in China. A.isn't allowed B.doesn't allow C.will allow D.will be allowed 79第十讲动词的语态 1-5 ACCBD 6-10 BBDDC 11-16 CCADCA 第十一讲动词的语气 1-5 BCCBD 第三部分 句法基础知识 第一讲句子成分分析 1-5 CACCB 6-8 ADB 第二讲句子的种类 1—5 BBABC 6-10 DCDAD 第三讲 句子的类型 1-5 CCCBA 6-10 DABAA 第四讲名词性从句 1-5 ABDDA 6-10 CADBC 11-15 DABBD 第五讲形容词性从句 1—5 DBCDB 6-10 AABCB 11-15 CDCBB 16-20 DABCB 第六讲状语从句 1-5 CAABC 6-10 BBDCC 11-15 ABDBA 第七讲主谓一致 1-7 BAACADD 第八讲倒装句 1-5 BCDDB 6-10 ADCCA 第九讲直接引语和间接引语 1-5 DCBAA 6-9 DCCB ·2· 新中考重难点精析试题参考答案