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第二部分词法基础知识
第九讲
动词的时态
第一节复习备考指南
一、一般现在时
1.构成:主语为非第三人称单数时,动词以原形表示;主语为第三人称单数
时,动词词尾加s或es(规则见本部分第八讲)。
2.用法:
(1)表示现在的特征或状态。如:
She is always ready to help others.
(2)表示经常的或习惯性的动作。常和often,usually,always,sometimes,
never,every day,once a week,on Sundays等时间状语连用。如:
He often works late into the night.
(3)表示主语具备的性格和能力。如:
He likes pears.
They know French
(4)表示客观事实和普遍真理。如:
Light travels much faster than sound.
The teacher told us that the earth goes round the sun.
(5)在时间、条件状语从句中表示将来的动作。如:
We won't go back home until we find the boat.
They will go for a trip if it isn't rainy tomorrow.
(6)表示计划、决定、时刻表中将要做的事。
The party starts at 6:00 p.m.
The train leaves at 7:50 a.m.
注意:当谓语动词是行为动词,在构成否定句和疑问句时,要加助动词d0或
does。如:
My mother doesn't do any housework on weekdays.
Do you often stay at home or hang out on weekends?
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新中考重难点精析英语
二、一般过去时
1.构成:由动词的过去式表示,规则动词是在其原形后加d或ed,不规则动词
的过去式有其特殊形式。
2.用法:
(1)表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,常和表示过去的时间状语,
如yesterday,last night,in2000,two days ago等连用。如:
I went to Qingdao last year and fell in love with it.
(2)表示过去经常或反复发生的动作,常和often,always等表示频率的时间
状语连用。如:
My father always smoked and drank a lot those days.
I often listened to the radio when I was young.
注意:含有行为动词的一般过去时,构成否定句或疑问句时要加助动词dd。如:
I didn't go anywhere last weekend
Where did they spend their last summer vacation?
三、现在进行时
1.构成:be(am,is,are)+动词ing。
2.用法:
(1)表示现在(说话瞬间)正在进行或发生的动作。如:
Mrs.Green is cooking in the kitchen.
Where are the kids playing soccer now?
(2)表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。如:
We are working on a farm these days.
She's writing a book this month.
(3)可以用来表示按计划或安排将要进行的动作,有“意图”或“打算”等含义。
如:
-What are you doing for vacation?
-I'm babysitting my cousin.
My father is leaving for Beijing tomorrow.
四、过去进行时
1.构成:was/were+动词ing。
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第二部分词法基础知识
2.用法:表示在过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作,常与this time,
yesterday,at that time等表示过去某一时刻或某一时间的时间状语连用,或用
when和while引导的时间状语来表示。如:
She was doing some cleaning all afternoon.
I was watching TV when the telephone rang.
注意:过去进行时和一般过去时的区别,一般过去时表示在过去某个时间发生过
的动作或存在的状态,而过去进行时则表示在过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行
的动作。如:
Mary wrote a letter to her mother last night.Mary昨晚给她的妈妈写了封
信。(信写完了)
Mary was writing a letter to her mother last night.Mary昨晚一直在给她的
妈妈写信。(信不一定写完了)
五、一般将来时
1.构成:助动词shall/will+动词原形(shall用于第一人称I和we,will可用
于任何人称);be going to+动词原形。
2.用法:
(1)表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态,常与tomorrow,next
week/month/year,in ten years等表示将来的时间状语连用。如:
-How soon will it be ready?
-In two days.
(2)be going to表示将要发生的事或打算、计划、决定要做的事情。如:
Look at the dark clouds!It's going to rain.
There is going to be an English party in our school tonight.
注意:be going to一般不用于条件状语从句中。
六、过去将来时
1.构成:would/should+动词原形;was/were going to+动词原形。
2.用法:表示从过去某一时间看来将要发生的事情,主要用在宾语从句中。如:
She said she would have three days off the next week
He told me he would not give up learning French even though it was very
hard.
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新中考重难点精析英语
七、现在完成时
1.构成:助动词have/has+过去分词。
2.用法:
(1)表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。可以和
already,never,ever,just,before,yet,once,twice等连用。如:
She has turned off the light.(现在灯是熄的)
-Have you made the bed?
Yes,I have.I've just done it.(现在床铺好了)
注意:just,already用于肯定句,yet用于否定和疑问句。
(2)表示过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在(包括“现在”在内)的动作或状
态,可以和表示延续的时间状语如for a month,since2003,so far,in the past/
last few years等连用。如:
How long have you studied in this school?
Great changes have taken place in our city in the last 20 years.
My aunt has been in England since I last saw her.
注意:
①非延续性动词如begin,start,come,go,buy,die,open,close,join,
borrow,arrive,leave等,在现在完成时的肯定句中,不能与表示一段时间的状语
连用,必须换成相应的延续性动词才能与之连用。如,不能说:I have bought this
house for a year.可以说:I have had this house for a year或I bought this house a
year ago.
但可以说:I haven't bought anything for two weeks.
非延续性动词转换为延续性动词的部分例词:
arrive,come,go>be (in)
begin/start-→beon
borrow→keep
buy→have
leave→be away from
die→be dead
join→bein/bea+名词
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第二部分词法基础知识
open->be open
close→be closed
②在时间、条件、让步状语从句中,可以用现在完成时来表示将来的且比主句
的动作早完成的动作。
You can go out to play when you have done your homework.
Don't get off the bus until it has stopped.
We won't believe you unless we have seen it with our own eyes.
3.have/has been to与have/has gone to的区别:前者表示“曾经到过某
地”,后者表示“已经去某地了”。如:
Uncle Li has been to Australia twice.李叔叔去过澳大利亚两次。(他已不在
澳大利亚了)
Uncle Li has gone to Australia.李叔叔到澳大利亚去了。(可能在去澳大利亚
的路上,或者已到澳大利亚)
4.现在完成时与一般过去时的区别:
现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果,强调的是现
在的情况,所以它不能和表示过去的时间状语如yesterday,two months ago,in
2006等连用。而一般过去时只表示过去的动作或状态,和现在不发生联系,它可以
和表示过去的时间状语连用。如:
We have lived here since 1996.1996年以来我们一直住在这里。(我们现在
还住在这里)》
We lived here in1996.1996年我们住在这里。(不涉及现在我们是否还住在
这里)》
I have finished cooking.I did it ten minutes ago.
My sister has traveled to many foreign countries.Last month she visited
England.
八、现在完成进行时
1.构成:have/has been+动词ing。
2.用法:表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在的动作。这一动作可能刚
刚开始,仍在继续,并可能延续到将来。常与for two years,since five weeks ago
等连用。如:
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新中考重难点精析英语
He has been reading since7:O0a.m.他从早上7点开始看书。(现在还在看)
The boys have been watching the match for two hours.男孩们看了两个小时
的比赛。(现在还在看)
3.现在完成进行时和现在完成时的比较:
(1)在与表示一段时间的状语连用时,两者都可以表示一个动作从过去某时开
始,延续到说话时刻,并可能继续下去。在这一用法中,往往可以将它们互换使用,
但在口语中倾向于用现在完成进行时。如:
I've been sleeping all afternoon.-I've slept all afternoon.
He has been studying here for three years.->He has studied here for three
years.
注意:在没有表示一段时间的状语的情况下,现在完成进行时和现在完成时不
可以随便互换使用。试比较:
They've been building the bridge.(还在进行)
They've built the bridge.(已经完工)
She's been making a paper flower.(还在做)
She's made a paper flower.(已经做好了)
(2)用“how long.”询问目前正在进行的动作的时间长度时,习惯上多用现在
完成进行时。如:
How long have you been learning English?(问话时,你可能正在学习,也可
能当时不在学习,但一段时间以来一直在学)
(3)若表示状态动词的延续,一般用现在完成时。现在完成进行时要用动作动
词,一般不使用状态动词。如:
We've been waiting here for you,我们一直在这里等你。(动作)
I've known him since2002.从2002年起我就认识他了。(状态)
九、过去完成时
1.构成:助动词had+过去分词。
2.用法:表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作,即“过去
的过去”。表示过去某一时间可用by和before等构成的短语,也可用when和
before等引导的从句或者通过上下文表示。如:
When I got to the station,the bus had been away for five minutes.
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第二部分词法基础知识
By the time I got to the park,they had left for school.
Mr.Rice had learned some Chinese before he came to China.
He said he had left his homework at home.
They had saved 15,000 yuan by the end of last year.
第二节往届试题选析
1.My sister with my parents
dumplings when I got home yesterday
evening.
A.are making
B.is making
C.was making
D.were making
解析:考查过去进行时。根据when引导的时间状语从句用了一般过去时,判断
设空处的动作在过去某个时刻,即“当我到家时”正在进行着,且动作在一段时间
内持续进行,所以用过去进行时。过去进行时的构成是:主语+was/were+动
词的现在分词,另外主语后面跟with短语时,谓语动词由with前面的主语来确
定,y sister是第三人称单数形式,故选C。
2.-Hobo and Eddie
the cinema to watch the film Zootopia.
-Oh,that's why I can't find them now.
A.have gone to
B.have been to
C.has gone to
D.has been to
解析:考查现在完成时。have/has been to表示去过某地,人已经回来;have/
has gone to表示去了某地,人未回来。根据that's why I can't find them now,
可知那就是“我”现在找不到他们的原因,说明他们两个人现在不在这里,去看电
影了,所以应用have/has gone to。.Hobo and Eddie是两个人,所以助动词应
该用have,故选A。
3.-Have you read this book?
-Yes,I
it two weeks ago.
A.is reading
B.have read
C.will read
D.read
解析:考查一般过去时。根据时间状语two weeks ago,可知读书这一动作发生
在过去,应该用一般过去时,read的过去式为read,故选D。
4.-Amy,I called you yesterday evening,but nobody answered the phone.
-Oh,I
a walk with my mother at that time.
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新中考重难点精析英语
A.take
B.took
C.am taking
D.was taking
解析:根据句意“你打电话给我的那个时候我正在和我妈妈散步”可知,须用过去
进行时,故选D。
5.It's nice to see you again.We
each other since 2020.
A.won't see
B.don't see
C.haven't seen
D.didn't see
解析:考查现在完成时。根据sice2020,判断应该用现在完成时态。现在完成
时态的构成:助动词have/has+过去分词,否定式为:助动词have/has+not
+过去分词,根据主语we,应该用haven't seen,故选C。
6.Lei Feng
for many years,but his spirit is still encouraging us
A.died
B.has been dead C.has died
D.was dead
解析:考查现在完成时。现在完成时常跟表示一段时间的状语,如“0r+一段时
间”“since+时间,点”“during the past+一段时间”等连用。由设空处后的for
many years可知应用现在完成时表状态的持续,且与一段时间连用动词要用延
续性动词,die是短暂性动词,应转换为be dead表状态,故选B。
7.Unless the weather
we'll have to cancel the picnic.
A.improve
B.improves
C.improved
D.will improve
解析:unless引导一个表假设的条件状语从句,在含有条件状语从句的复合句
中,如果主句是一般将来时,从句用一般现在时表将来,从句的主语the weather
是第三人称单数,所以谓语动词用单数形式,故选B。
8.-Paul,what were you doing at nine last night?
一I
a movie in the cinema with my friends.
A.was watching B.watch
C.have watched
D.will watch
解析:考查动词时态。根据特殊疑问句的时态过去进行时以及at nine last night
可知,答语的时态也要用过去进行时。故选A。
9.-It has been ten years since we came here.
-HHow time flies!We
in China for so long.
A.work
B.worked
C.will work
D.have worked
解析:考查动词时态。句意为:一我们来这里已经有十年了。一时间过得真快
啊!我们已经在中国工作这么久了。根据时间状语fors0long可知,此处应用
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第二部分词法基础知识
现在完成时,表示过去的动作一直持续到现在。故选D。
10.-Where did you go last winter vacation?
一I
to London with my family.
A.go
B.have gone
C.went
D.was going
解析:考查动词时态。句意为:一去年寒假你去哪儿了?一我和家人一起去了
伦敦。根据时间状语last winter vacation可知,此处应用一般过去时。故选
C。
11.-Wow,you've made so much progress in drawing.
-Thanks.I
two online courses this winter holiday.
A.took
B.will take
C.take
D.was taking
解析:考查动词的时态。句意为:一哇,你在绘画方面取得了这么大的进步。一谢
谢。今年寒假我上了两门网络课程。根据句意及本句中的时间状语this winter
holiday可知,“上网络课程”是过去发生的事,应用一般过去时。故选A。
12.I
the guitar ever since I was 8 years old.
A.played
B.have played
C.am playing
D.will play
解析:考查动词的时态。句意为:我从8岁起就一直弹吉他。ever since意为
“从…时起到现在”,引导时间状语从句时,主句时态应用现在完成时。故选B。
13.-Peter,what are you doing?
-Oh,I a report about national heroes.
A.will write
B.am writing
C.wrote
D.have written
解析:考查动词的时态。句意为:一Pter,你在做什么?一哦,我正在写一份关
于民族英雄的报告。根据句意可知,此处表示动作正在进行,时态应用现在进
行时。故选B。
14.Last Sunday my brother and I
our grandparents.
A.will visit
B.visits
C.visit
D.visited
解析:考查动词的时态。句意为:上周日,我和我哥哥/弟弟去看望了我们的祖
父母。根据时间状语Last Sunday可知,时态应用一般过去时。故选D。
15.-Who will talk about the development of American country music next
week?
69
新中考重难点精析英语
-I suggest Brad.He
in Nashville,the home of country music,
since he was a child.
A.lives
B.lived
C.has lived
D.will live
解析:考查动词的时态。句意:一下周谁将讨论美国乡村音乐的发展?一我建
议Brd。他从小就住在乡村音乐之乡纳什雏尔。此题四个选项都是“住”的意
思,A为live的一般现在时态;B为live的一般过去时态;C为live的现在完成
时态;D为live的一般将来时态。since意为“自…以来”,在它引导的时间状
语从句中,从句常用一般过去时态,而前面的主句常用现在完成时态,其结构为
have/has+动词的过去分词,此题空格前主语he是第三人称单数形式,因此
这个主句的谓语助动词应使用has。故选C。
16.-Sorry,I can't hear you clearly.I
a football match.
-OK.I'll ring you up later.
A.watch
B.watched
C.am watching
D.was watching
解析:考查动词的时态。句意:一对不起,我听不清你说话。我正在看足球
赛。一好的。我晚,点打给你。此题四个选项都是“看”的意思,A为wtch的
一般现在时态;B为watch的一般过去时态;C为watch的现在进行时态;D为
watch的过去进行时态。根据Ican't hear you clearly可知此时正在看比赛,
题目空格处需用现在进行时态be+doing,又因为主语是I,所以be动词需用
am。故选C。
第三节模拟试题精选
1.-Shall we go on a picnic this weekend?
-Good idea,unless it
A.rains
B.will rain
C.doesn't rain
D.won't rain
2.-Look at the sign.Smoking is not allowed in the museum.
-Oh,I'm sorry.I
it.
A.didn't notice
B.don't notice
C.wasn't noticing
D.am not noticing
3.-Haven't you ever studied with a group?
I think it helps a lot.
70《新中考重难点精析》(2024.1)英语听力材料
及参考答案
第二部分
词法基础知识
第一讲冠词
1-5 BADAB
第二讲名词
1-5 BBDCB
6-9 CBBD
第三讲代词
1-5 DCBDB
6-10 DABDC
11-13DBA
第四讲
数词
1-5 AABCC
6-10 BBCCC 11-15 CCCCA 16-21 BBBDAA
第五讲形容词和副词
1-5 DCBBA
6-10 ABCAB
11-12AD
第六讲介词
1-5 BABCD
6-10 CABBC 11-15 BCDAB 16-20 ADDDB
第七讲连词
1-5 CDBCB
6-10 BDCCC 11-15 BDDCA 16-20 ADDDC
第八讲动词的种类和基本形式
1-5 CBBCA 6-10 CDDCA
11-15 BCDAA 16-20 DADBD
第九讲动词的时态
1-5 AAAAD
6-10 BBDDB 11-15 CBCCB
16-20 ADCCC
新中考重难点精析试题参考答案
·1…