第八讲 动词的种类和基本形式-【新中考重难点解析】2026年中考英语复习

新中考重难点精析英语 Where have they gone? When shall we meet? He said he wouldn't go with us. 3.连系动词必须与名词、形容词等表语一起构成谓语。常见的连系动词有：be (是，成为)，become(成为)，seem(似乎，好像)，feel(感到)，get(变得)，grow(变 得)，look(看上去)，smell(闻起来)，sound(听起来)，taste(尝起来)，turn(变得)， keep(保持)。注意：有些动词既是连系动词，又是行为动词。当它们是连系动词 时，表明动作的发出者（主语）给人的感觉。如：The police dog smells(嗅一行为 动词)well though it smells(闻起来一连系动词)bad.(虽然这只警犬气味很臭， 其嗅觉却很灵。)又如：look(看上去)cool和look(观察)carefully。 4.情态动词不能独立作谓语，只能和动词原形一起构成谓语。它们没有人称和 数的变化，否定句一般直接在它们后面加ot,一般疑问句中把它们直接提到句首。 情态动词有can(could),may(might),must,need,should(应该，应当)等。注意： (1)can和be able to的区别。can只有现在时和过去时，指本身有能力的 “能”；be able to用于各种时态均可，指经过努力而能做到的“能”。 (2)must与have to的区别。must表示说话人主观认为“必须”，have to表示 客观需要，意为“不得不”。ust不用于过去时，只用于一般现在时和一般将来时， 对其引导的一般疑问句的否定回答需用needn't(不必)或don't have to(注： mustn't意为“不应该、不准”)；have to有时态、人称和数的变化，其否定句和疑问 句中要用助动词do/does/did。 (3)need既可作情态动词，又可作行为动词。作情态动词时，主要用于疑问句 和否定句。如： You needn't be here so early.You can come a little later tomorrow. 用作行为动词时，有人称和数的变化，后接动词需要加to。如： You don't need to be here so early. He needs to get everything ready for the exhibition. The desks need repairing. 要检验need的用法，我们不妨把need换成can,如果语法正确，说明它就是情 态动词；反之，就是行为动词。 (4)could的用法。 ①can的过去式。如： 52 第二部分词法基础知识 When he was five years old,he could ride a bike. ②用于现在时态中，表示语气委婉或客气的建议。如： -Could I use your dictionary? -Yes,you can. I think you could call her up (5)may引导的一般疑问句的否定回答常用can't(较客气些)或mustn't(语气 较强硬些)。如： -May I take the book out of the reading room? -Sorry,you can't.No,you mustn't. might既是may的过去式，如：Mr.Smith said that we might(可以)hand in our homework on Friday,又可用于现在时，表示更礼貌些或可能性较小，如： -Might I park my car here? 一Yes,of course you may.(不能说you might) This medicine may cure your cold.这种药可能治好你的感冒。 This medicine might cure your cold.这种药也许能治好你的感冒。 在回答对方的请求“MayI.?”“Might I.?”“CanI?”等问题时，往往会根 据情况使用婉转客气的说法，而避免使用may。如： -May I have a look at your mobile phone? -Sure,here you are.Sorry,I left it at home. (6)can't表示否定猜测。如：Your father can't(不可能)be in his office.He has gone to Shanghai for a meeting. must表示肯定猜测。如：You must(一定)be tired after the long walk may表示不确定的猜测，常与I'm not sure连用。 -What are you going to do this weekend? -I'm not sure.Imay(可能)go hiking 二、动词的基本形式 动词有四种形式：原形、过去式、过去分词和现在分词。 1.动词原形用于一般现在时，主语为非第三人称单数。如： Both Jack and his sister take after their mother. The two girls often help their classmates with their lessons. 53% 新中考重难点精析英语 当主语为第三人称单数时，动词原形要变化，其规则是： 构成法 以s,X,ch,sh,o等结尾的加以“辅音字母+y”结尾 ·般在词尾加s es 的，把y改成i,再加es play-plays catch-catches study-studies 例词 talk-talks go-goes fly-flies live-lives finish-finishes carry-carries 动词原形与to一起构成动词不定式。如： To enjoy this piece of music is very pleasant.(作主语)=It(形式主语)is very pleasant to enjoy this piece of music. My dream job is to be a professional basketball player like Yao Ming.( Would you like to go swimming with me after school？(作宾语) Our teachers often tell us not to copy others'homework.(作宾补) The problem to be talked about at the next meeting will be very important. (作定语) The girl didn't know which dress to choose.(疑问词+动词不定式) He still doesn't know whether to go or not.(疑问词+动词不定式) 注意： (1)make,let,have等使役动词后面接不带to的不定式。如： The mother made the boy do his homework again. Let John take part in the discussion instead of Tom. I'll have someone water the flowers for you. (2)hear,watch,see,look at,notice,feel,listen to等感官动词后接不带to 的不定式或动词加ing。如： I often hear them complain about their school life. When I passed her room,I saw her working on the computer. 但当这些使役动词和感官动词用在被动语态中时，动词不定式不能省去o。如： The teacher was seen to go into the office. The students are made to do their homework by themselves every day. (3)help后接动词不定式，既可带to,也可不带to。 (4)不定式复合结构“for/ofsb.to do sth.”作主语时，常用“Itis+adj.+for /ofsb.to do sth.”的句型，形容词kind,nice,clever,wrong,right,careful, 54 第二部分词法基础知识 careless,polite,good,bad等用“Itis+adj.+ofsb.to do sth.”。如： It is very important for all of you to protect the environment. It is really nice of you to give us so much help.You are really nice to give us so much help. 附：Why not..?(为什么不…？)，had better(not).[最好（不）…]后接动 词原形。 2.动词过去式和过去分词的构成： (1)规则动词的变化。 构成法 例词 一般加ed climb-climbed 以e结尾的加d agree-agreed 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的，把y改为i,再加ed copy-copied 以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个发音的辅音字母(r为例外) drop-dropped 时，要双写该辅音字母，再加ed stop-stopped (2)不规则动词的变化（参见教材后面的附录表）。 3.动词现在分词的构成： 构成法 例词 般加ing 一 turn-turning 以不发音的e结尾的，去e,再加ing change一changing 以ie结尾的，改ie为y,再加ing die-dying lie-lying 以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个发音的辅音字母(r为例外) run-running 时，要双写该辅音字母，再加ing babysit-babysitting hiccup-hiccupping 第二节 往届试题选析 1.-Do you like the songs by Taylor? -Yes.Country music nice and full of feelings. A.sounds B.listens C.hears D.looks 解析：考查连系动词。结合选项可知本题考查感官动词，首先明确选项中每个单 词的意思：A.听起来；B.听（强调动作）；C.听见（强调结果）；D.看起来。根 据设空处后面的nice,结合题干推测答语的句意是“是的，乡村音乐听上去优美 55 新中考重难点精析英语 且富有感情”。所以sounds符合句意，故选A。 2.-Is Mr.Brown driving here? -I'm not sure.He come by train. A.may B.shall C.need D.must 解析：考查情态动词。四个情态动词的意思分别是：A.may可能；B.shall将 要；C.need需要；D.must一定，必须。根据I'm not sure,可知这里的意思是 “我不确定，可能会坐火车来”。may表示可能，故选A。 3.-I'm sorry I my exercise book at home this morning. -It doesn't matter.Don't forget it here this afternoon. A.left;to take B.forgot;bringing C.left;to bring D.forgot;to bring 解析：考查实义动词的过去式；动词的固定搭配。根据I'm sorry,可知是把作业 本忘在家里了。leave意为“把某物忘在某地”；forget to do sth.意为“忘记做某 事”；bring意为“带来”；take意为“带走”。故选C。 4.When you don't know a word,you can in the dictionary. A.look it up B.set it up C.give it up D.pick it up 解析：考查动词短语的用法。A.查阅，B.建造，C.放弃，D.捡起，根据句意，在 字典中查阅，故选A。 5.-May I take the magazine out of the reading room? -No,you can't.You read it here.It's the rule. A.must B.would C.may D.might 解析：考查情态动词的用法。根据句意，阅览室的规章制度是必须在里面阅读， 故选A。 6.-The American warships()have appeared near South China Sea Islands again. -We must let the Americans know clearly that the islands China. A.come from B.belong to C.care about D.believe in 解析：考查动词短语的用法。A.来自；B.属于；C.关心；D.相信。根据题千The American warships have appeared near South China Sea Islands again, 意为：美国军舰已经再次出现在中国南海群岛附近，而这些岛屿是中国的，即属 于中国，应该用belong to,故选B。 056 第二部分词法基础知识 7.Though she often makes her little brother she was made by him this morning. A.cry;to cry B.to cry;cry C.cry;cry D.to cry;to cry 解析：考查实义动词。根据句子可知本句考查了make的用法，通常用make sb. do sth.让某人做某事时，后面跟不带to的不定式，但是在被动语态中，省略的to 要还原出来，故选A。 8.How kind you are!You always do what you can me. A.help B.helping C.to help D.helps 解析：本题句意为“你总是尽你所能（来）帮我”。句子中what you can是宾语从 句，can后面省略了（从句）谓语动词原形do,故容易误选A。应选C,to help me在 这里表示目的。 9.We should never till tomorrow what we can do today. A.put on B.put off C.give up D.give away 解析：考查动词短语的用法。A.穿上，B.推迟，C.放弃，D.赠送，根据句意“今 天能做的事我们不应该推迟到明天”，故选B。 10.The cheese cake so good that I can't wait to eat it. A.tastes B.feels C.sounds D.smells 解析：句意为：那个奶酪蛋糕闻起来太棒了，以至于我都等不及要吃它了。根据 题千句意和good,可知表示“闻起来”要用smell.。故选D。 11.-Lily, you finish the letter in ten minutes? -Yes,I can. A.must B.should C.need D.can 解析：考查情态动词辨析。根据答语Yes,Ican可知，此处应用情态动词can 进行提问。can意为“能够”，符合句意。must意为“必须”；should意为“应 该”；need意为“需要”，均与句意不符。故选D。 12.Tina comes to China in order to experience Chinese culture and which university is the best for her to attend. A.put out B.stay out C.find out D.run out 解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意为：Tina来中国是为了体验中国文化，并且弄 清楚哪一所大学最适合她。find out意为“弄清楚，查明”，符合句意。put out 57 新中考重难点精析英语 意为“熄灭”；stay out意为“不在家”；run out意为“用完，耗尽”，均与句意不 符。故选C。 13.Some volunteers are going to the central park.Let's join them. A.put up B.clean up C.look up D.give up 解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意为：一些志愿者将要去打扫中央公园。我们和 他们一起去吧。clean up意为“打扫千净”，符合句意。故选B。 14.-Allen,shall we go to the bookstore this afternoon? -I'm sorry,David,but I meet my cousin at the train station. A.have to B.can C.may D.could 解析：考查情态动词辨析。句意为：一Allen,今天下午我们去书店如何？一抱 歉，David,我得去火车站接我的堂兄。have to表示客观条件下不得不做某事， 符合语境。故选A。 15.You haven't eaten all day.You be very hungry. A.couldn't B.can't C.might D.must 解析：考查情态动词辨析。句意为：你已经一整天没吃东西了。你一定非常饿。 根据句意可知，此处表示肯定推测，应用ust。故选D。 16.-You added sugar in my tea?It terrible! -Sorry,madam.I'll pour you another cup right away. A.feels B.looks C.sounds D.tastes 解析：考查系动词辨析。句意为：一你在我的茶里加糖了吗？它尝起来很糟 糕。一对不起，女士。我马上给您再倒一杯。tste意为“尝起来”，符合句意。 故选D。 17.Look！There some information about traffic safety in this book. A.is B.are C.was D.were 解析：考查b动词辨析。句意：看！这本书里有一些关于交通安全的信息。由 “Look!”可知，句子时态为一般现在时，故排除C、D;分析可知此处使用there be结构，表示“有”，information意为“信息”，是不可数名词，因此be动词用is。 故选A。 18.Earthquakes can be very dangerous.We learn to protect ourselves. A.might B.should C.could D.would 解析：考查情态动词辨析。句意：地震可能非常危险。我们应该学会保护自己。 58 第二部分词法基础知识 might意为“可能”；should意为“应该”；could意为“能够”；would意为“将会”。 分析句子可知，这里表示建议应该如何做，应选should。故选B。 第三节模拟试题精选 1.The lake looks in the moonlight.I often take a walk around it. A.wonderfully B.famous C.beautiful D.well 2.They play football last Friday because Simon forgot to bring his football here. A.could B.couldn't C.can't D.can 3.-Will you please it to me this evening? -What about Saturday evening?My computer doesn't work well these days. A.send B.email C.pass D.give 4.-Let's do something at the party.What about 2 -No,I'd like A.to sing;dancing B.singing;dancing C.singing;to dance D.to sing;to dance 5.-It's too hot.Would you mind the door? Please do it now. A.opening;Certainly not B.to open;Good idea C.to open;OK D.opening;Of course 6.-Don't you think her radio is too noisy -I agree.I'll go and ask her to a little. A.turn on B.turn off C.turn down D.turn up 7.-The windows are broken and need repairing. -I think so.They can hardly the cold now. A.take out B.give out C.put out D.keep out 8.-Did you have any problems in Italy? -Yes, Chinese food like rice,noodles and dumplings. A.found B.to find C.find D.finding 9.I'll have a meeting in Shanghai tomorrow.Could you please the time for all the flights to Shanghai for me? 59 新中考重难点精析英语 A.look for B.look after C.find out D.find 10.The teacher her students to hand in their compositions before Friday. A.told B.made C.kept D.said 11.We are going for a picnic tomorrow.I'll call Jenny to make sure A.why to start B.when to start C.which to start D.what to start 12.She every Sunday volunteering in an old people's home. A.gives B.takes C.spends D.uses 13.-Jill looks so painful.There be something wrong with her. -Oh dear!We'd better take her to the nearest hospital at once. A.can B.should C.would D.must 14.-The kids are going to the beach this Sunday. 一Remember to ask them in the sea alone.It's dangerous. A.not to swim B.to swim C.not swimming D.swimming 15. spoken English,Li Lei got up early and practiced hard every morning. A.To improve B.Improving C.Improve D.For improving 16.-David,I can't stop playing computer games. -For your health,I'm afraid you A.could B.can C.may D.have to 17.Never buy shoes without them on first. A.trying B.putting C.getting D.taking 18.-Could you tell me what time the train leaves Ningbo for Hangzhou? -I'm afraid you need to on the Internet. A.look for it B.look at it C.look it over D.look it up 19.-Hey,turn it off!We don't music in the library. -Oh,I'm sorry,madam. A.like B.allow C.hear D.play 20.I've all the books on the shelf,but I still can't find the one you need. A.opened up B.given away C.handed out D.looked through 60《新中考重难点精析》(2024.1)英语听力材料 及参考答案 第二部分 词法基础知识 第一讲冠词 1-5 BADAB 第二讲名词 1-5 BBDCB 6-9 CBBD 第三讲代词 1-5 DCBDB 6-10 DABDC 11-13DBA 第四讲 数词 1-5 AABCC 6-10 BBCCC 11-15 CCCCA 16-21 BBBDAA 第五讲形容词和副词 1-5 DCBBA 6-10 ABCAB 11-12AD 第六讲介词 1-5 BABCD 6-10 CABBC 11-15 BCDAB 16-20 ADDDB 第七讲连词 1-5 CDBCB 6-10 BDCCC 11-15 BDDCA 16-20 ADDDC 第八讲动词的种类和基本形式 1-5 CBBCA 6-10 CDDCA 11-15 BCDAA 16-20 DADBD 第九讲动词的时态 1-5 AAAAD 6-10 BBDDB 11-15 CBCCB 16-20 ADCCC 新中考重难点精析试题参考答案 ·1…