Unit 5 Great inventions 伟大的发明（话题阅读精练）英语新教材冀教版八年级下册

Unit 5 Great inventions 伟大的发明 话题阅读精练 模块 语篇 题型 体裁 词数 内容简介 时文阅读 Passage1 阅读理解 记叙文 323 本文主要介绍了法国科学家路易·巴斯德的两项重要发现。 Passage2 阅读理解 记叙文 248 本文介绍了中国古代的几项伟大发明，包括丝绸、造纸术、印刷术、风筝和火药，展现了古代中国在发明创造领域的重要地位。 实战演练 Passage1 阅读理解 记叙文 113 本文是一篇海报，主要介绍了Smart Glasses Pro智能眼镜的主要功能以及价格、退货政策。 Passage2 阅读理解 记叙文 186 本文围绕交通运输的发展展开，介绍了从古代人们的出行方式，到车轮、马车、火车、汽车等陆路交通的发明，再到指南针、运河、轮船等水上交通的进步，以及现代高速列车、飞机、环保电动汽车等现代交通工具的发展，最后总结了交通运输发展的意义和人类创造力。 Passage3 完形填空 记叙文 189 本文通过对比计算机和互联网普及前后的学习生活方式，以及巴氏杀菌法的发明，阐述了发明创造对生活的影响：它们既让生活变得更轻松和安全，但也存在弊端，并鼓励人们继续创新。 Passage4 完形填空 记叙文 230 本文介绍了改变世界的伟大发明，包括中国古代四大发明和现代重要发明，阐述了它们如何让生活更便利，并鼓励我们不断思考和创造。 Passage5 完形填空 记叙文 269 本文主要讲述了张伟介绍了互联网给自己学习和生活带来的便利，同时指出了它的弊端，并呼吁大家合理、明智地使用互联网。 时文阅读 Passage1 Germs are tiny living things that can make people sick. They are everywhere—in the air, on our hands, and on things we touch every day. Food goes bad when germs and bacteria start to grow in it. In the 1860s, a French scientist named Louis Pasteur found a way to stop bad germs from growing in food. At that time, many wine makers in France had a problem. Their wine often turned sour and they didn’t know why. The French government asked Pasteur to find the reason. While studying the wine, he noticed something strange. Some bottles went bad quickly, while others stayed fresh for longer. This made him very curious. He believed that tiny germs in the air might be the cause. To test his idea, he heated the wine until it was very hot and then cooled it quickly. To his surprise, the wine stayed fresh much longer. That was how he discovered the process later called pasteurisation. The heat killed the harmful bacteria, which made food last longer. This method helped people keep foods like milk, meat and vegetables safe for more time. Later, food was also kept in tins. The tins were heated to kill bacteria and then closed tightly so no new germs could get in. This made it possible to store food for many months or even years. Pasteur also worked on another problem—a dangerous disease called rabies. He experimented with rabbits that had the virus. He carefully took infected tissue from the rabbits and dried it in clean air for a few days. This process made the virus weaker and less harmful. In 1885, he tested his new vaccine on a nine-year-old boy, who had been bitten by a dog with rabies. The boy received the vaccine and never got sick. News of this success spread quickly across France, and many people who had been bitten came to Pasteur for help. Pasteur’s discoveries saved many lives. 细菌是能让人生病的微小生物。它们无处不在 —— 空气中、我们手上，以及每天接触的物品上。当细菌在食物中滋生时，食物就会变质。 19 世纪 60 年代，一位名叫路易・巴斯德的法国科学家找到了抑制有害细菌在食物中生长的方法。当时，法国许多酿酒商都遇到一个难题：葡萄酒经常变酸，却不知道原因。法国政府请巴斯德查明缘由。在研究葡萄酒时，他发现一个奇怪现象：有些瓶子很快变质，有些却能保鲜更久。这让他十分好奇。他认为，空气中的微小细菌可能是罪魁祸首。为验证猜想，他将葡萄酒加热至高温，然后迅速冷却。令他惊喜的是，葡萄酒的保鲜时间大大延长。这就是后来被称为巴氏杀菌法的发现过程。 高温杀死了有害细菌，使食物得以保存更久。这种方法帮助人们更长时间安全保存牛奶、肉类和蔬菜。后来，食物还被装入罐头：罐头经加热杀菌后密封，防止新细菌进入，这样食物就能储存数月甚至数年。 巴斯德还研究了另一个难题 ——狂犬病这种危险疾病。他用感染病毒的兔子做实验，小心取出兔子的受感染组织，在洁净空气中干燥数日，使病毒毒性减弱。1885 年，他将新研制的疫苗用于一名 9 岁男孩，男孩被疯狗咬伤，接种疫苗后并未发病。这一成功的消息迅速传遍法国，许多被咬伤的人都来找巴斯德求助。巴斯德的发现拯救了无数生命。 【长难句分析】 ‌1.Some bottles went bad quickly, while others stayed fresh for longer. ‌翻译:‌ 有些瓶子很快就变质了，而另一些则能保持新鲜更久。 ‌重点:‌ 并列句，由 while 连接，表示对比 / 转折。 前半句：Some bottles went bad quickly 后半句：while others stayed fresh for longer 语法要点： while这里不是 “当…… 时候”，而是 “然而、而”，表示对比。 go bad系表结构：go + 形容词，表示变得……（变坏）类似：go wrong（出故障）, go sour（变酸） 重点短语： go bad：变质、变坏 stay fresh：保持新鲜 for longer：更长时间 ‌2.He carefully took infected tissue from the rabbits and dried it in clean air for a few days. ‌翻译:‌ 他小心地从兔子身上取出受感染的组织，并在洁净的空气中将其干燥几天。 ‌重点:‌ 简单句，并列谓语：主语 He + 谓语 1 took + 宾语 + 谓语 2 dried + 宾语 语法要点： and 连接两个并列动词took … and dried … infected tissueinfected 是过去分词作定语，表示 “被感染的”。 for a few days表示持续时间，与延续性动词 dried 搭配。 重点短语： infected tissue：受感染的组织 take … from …：从…… 取出…… dry sth. in clean air：在洁净空气中干燥某物 for a few days：持续几天 ‌3.The tins were heated to kill bacteria and then closed tightly so no new germs could get in. ‌翻译:‌ 这些罐子被加热以杀死细菌，然后被紧密密封，使得新的细菌无法进入。 ‌重点:被动语态 + 目的状语 + 结果状语 主句：The tins were heated … and then closed tightly 目的：to kill bacteria 结果：so no new germs could get in 语法要点：被动语态were heated /closed 被动：被加热、被密封 to kill bacteria不定式作目的状语：“为了杀死细菌” so (that)引导结果状语从句，省略 that：so (that) no new germs could get in意为 “以至于没有新细菌能进入” 重点短语：heat to kill bacteria：加热杀菌 close tightly：密封、盖紧 get in：进入、侵入 【重难词汇梳理】 英文单词 / 短语 音标 中文释义 词性 / 搭配 germ /dʒɜːm/ 细菌、病菌 n. bacteria /bækˈtɪəriə/ 细菌（复数） n. tiny /ˈtaɪni/ 微小的 adj. go bad /ɡəʊ bæd/ 变质、变坏 v. 短语 pasteurisation /ˌpɑːstʃəraɪˈzeɪʃn/ 巴氏杀菌法 n. heat /hiːt/ 加热 v. harmful /ˈhɑːmfl/ 有害的 adj. vaccine /ˈvæksiːn/ 疫苗 n. rabies /ˈreɪbiːz/ 狂犬病 n. infected /ɪnˈfektɪd/ 被感染的 adj. virus /ˈvaɪrəs/ 病毒 n. tissue /ˈtɪʃuː/ 组织 n. tightly /ˈtaɪtli/ 紧紧地、密封地 adv. store /stɔː(r)/ 储存、保存 v. curious /ˈkjʊəriəs/ 好奇的 adj. process /ˈprəʊses/ 过程、方法 n. Passage2 Great inventions from ancient China 中国古代伟大发明 Ancient China was a land of great inventors. Many things we use today were first created here, long before they appeared in other parts of the world. 中国古代是伟大发明家的国度。我们今天使用的许多东西最早都诞生在这里，远比世界其他地方出现得更早。 About 4,700 years ago, the Chinese learned how to make silk. For a long time, they were the only ones who knew the secret. This valuable cloth attracted people from far away, leading to the famous Silk Road. This network of trade routes connected China to places like Europe and the Middle East. It brought wealth to China, but also risks. Finally, the secret was stolen when someone took silkworm eggs to Europe. 大约 4700 年前，中国人掌握了养蚕缫丝技术。在很长一段时间里，他们是唯一掌握这个秘密的民族。这种珍贵的织物吸引了远方的人们，促成了著名的丝绸之路。这条贸易路线网络将中国与欧洲、中东等地连接起来。它为中国带来了财富，但也带来了风险。最终，有人将蚕卵带到欧洲，丝绸的秘密就此外泄。 The secret of paper-making was also discovered in China. Around 2,000 years ago, an official named Cai Lun invented it by mixing certain plants with water, then pressing and drying them. By 593, the Chinese had invented the first printing press, and the first printed newspaper appeared in around 700. 造纸术同样是中国的发明。大约 2000 年前，官员蔡伦用多种植物混合水，经过捶打、压制、晾干，发明了纸。到公元 593 年，中国人发明了最早的印刷术，世界上第一份印刷报纸则在公元 700 年左右出现。 Another famous Chinese invention is the kite. It is said that around 400 BCE, two men, Mo Di and Lu Ban, made kites shaped like birds. They were popular toys, but people soon found other uses for them. Kites could be used to help in fishing from the shore, deliver messages, or carry small items. 另一项著名的中国发明是风筝。据说在公元前 400 年左右，墨翟和鲁班制作了形似飞鸟的风筝。它们起初是受欢迎的玩具，但人们很快发现了其他用途：风筝可以辅助岸边钓鱼、传递信息，或是运送小物件。 Perhaps the most famous Chinese invention is gunpowder. Actually, it was discovered by accident by people trying to find a way to live forever. In the late Tang Dynasty, gunpowder was used in wars. It reached Arabian countries in the 1200s and then was known to the Europeans. 也许最著名的中国发明是火药。它其实是人们在寻求长生不老药时偶然发现的。晚唐时期，火药被用于战争。13 世纪传入阿拉伯国家，随后为欧洲人所知。 【长难句分析】 1. This valuable cloth attracted people from far away, leading to the famous Silk Road. ‌翻译:‌ 这种珍贵的布料吸引了远方的人们，从而形成了著名的丝绸之路。 ‌重点:简单句 + 现在分词作结果状语 主句：This valuable cloth attracted people from far away 结果状语：leading to the famous Silk Road 语法要点： leading to…现在分词短语作自然而然的结果状语，意为 “因此导致了……”。 from far away介词短语作后置定语，修饰 people：来自远方的（人） 重点短语： valuable cloth：珍贵的布料 attract people：吸引人们 from far away：来自远方 lead to：导致、形成、通向 2.Around 2,000 years ago, an official named Cai Lun invented it by mixing certain plants with water, then pressing and drying them. ‌翻译:‌ 约 2000 年前，一位名叫蔡伦的官员通过将某些植物与水混合，然后压榨并干燥它们，发明了纸。 ‌重点:主谓宾 + 方式状语（by doing…） 主句：an official named Cai Lun invented it 方式：by mixing…, then pressing and drying… 语法要点： named Cai Lun过去分词作定语，相当于 who was named Cai Lun。 by doing…介词 by + 动名词，表示通过…… 方式。 mixing…, pressing and drying三个并列动名词，结构工整。 重点短语： an official named…：一位名叫…… 的官员 mix A with B：把 A 和 B 混合 press and dry：压榨并干燥 3.Actually, it was discovered by accident by people trying to find a way to live forever. ‌翻译:‌ 事实上，它是被那些试图寻找长生不老方法的人偶然发现的。 ‌重点:被动语态 + 定语 + 后置定语 主句：it was discovered by accident by people 定语：trying to find a way to live forever 语法要点： was discovered一般过去时被动语态：被发现。 by accident固定短语：偶然、意外地。 people trying to…现在分词作定语 = people who were trying to… a way to do sth不定式作后置定语：做某事的方法。 重点短语： by accident：偶然、意外地 try to do sth：试图做某事 find a way to…：找到…… 的方法 live forever：长生不老 【重难点单词梳理】 英文单词 / 短语 音标 中文释义 ancient /ˈeɪnʃənt/ 古代的 inventor /ɪnˈventə(r)/ 发明家 silk /sɪlk/ 丝绸 valuable /ˈvæljuəbl/ 珍贵的 attract /əˈtrækt/ 吸引 Silk Road /sɪlk rəʊd/ 丝绸之路 trade route /treɪd ruːt/ 贸易路线 network /ˈnetwɜːk/ 网络 wealth /welθ/ 财富 silkworm /ˈsɪlkwɜːm/ 蚕 paper-making /ˈpeɪpə meɪkɪŋ/ 造纸 official /əˈfɪʃl/ 官员 mix /mɪks/ 混合 press /pres/ 按压、压榨 dry /draɪ/ 使干燥 printing press /ˈprɪntɪŋ pres/ 印刷机 kite /kaɪt/ 风筝 deliver /dɪˈlɪvə(r)/ 传递 gunpowder /ˈɡʌnpaʊdə(r)/ 火药 by accident /baɪ ˈæksɪdənt/ 偶然 live forever /lɪv fərˈevə(r)/ 长生不老 dynasty /ˈdɪnəsti/ 朝代 实战演练 Passage1 Smart Glasses Pro — See the future today! Tired of looking at your phone all the time? Smart Glasses Pro brings information right before your eyes! ✔ Hands-free Calls — Answer calls without touching your phone. ✔ Navigation System — See directions while walking or driving. ✔ Live Translation — Understand different languages in no time. ✔ Voice Control — Just say what you need! Special offer: $299 (Limited offer!) Buy now and get a FREE carrying case! Easy return policy (政策) — If you are not satisfied, return it within 30 days for a full refund! Visit our website for more details. Order today and step into the future! Task: Choose the best answer. 选择最恰当的答案。 1．What is the purpose of the poster? A．To introduce a new product. B．To teach people how to make glasses. C．To explain how to use a phone. D．To tell people about a free event. 2．According to the poster, Smart Glasses Pro CANNOT help you ________. A．cook food B．answer calls C．find directions D．understand different languages 3．How can you control Smart Glasses Pro? A．By touching the screen. B．By saying what you need. C．By writing on it. D．By making calls. 4．What else do you get when you buy a Smart Glasses Pro? A．A free phone. B．Another free Smart Glasses Pro. C．A free pair of sunglasses. D．A free carrying case. 【答案】1．A 2．A 3．B 4．D 1．根据表格可知，这篇海报主要介绍了Smart Glasses Pro这款智能眼镜的几大功能，即介绍一个新产品。 2．根据表格左侧可知，Smart Glasses Pro智能眼镜可以帮人们接电话、导航、翻译，并不能帮人们做饭。 3．根据“Voice Control — Just say what you need!”可知，Smart Glasses Pro智能眼镜是语音控制的。 4．根据“Buy now and get a FREE carrying case!”可知，购买Smart Glasses Pro智能眼镜可以获得一个免费的手提箱。 Passage2 Long ago, many people did not travel far from home. In fact, in the early days, a person might live their whole life in one village. The first important invention in land travel was the wheel. And then came the wagon. Humans began to have the power to move and carry things across long distances. The next was the train. After the train came the invention of cars, buses, trucks, and other means of transportation. Humans and goods were able to travel farther than ever before. Boats and ships provided another important way of travelling. The invention of the compass helped people explore more places. And canal systems made fast waterway transportation possible. Modern means of transportation, such as high-speed trains and airplanes, help people travel faster and farther. Eco-friendly electric cars are common and self-driving cars are in development. People can even travel to space in spaceships. Who knows what the future holds? The development of transportation has made travelling much easier and faster. Every invention is a symbol of human creativity. Let's enjoy these developments and work for more great things in the future. 1．How far did people travel long ago? A．They traveled far from home. B．They didn’t travel far from home. C．They traveled by high-speed train. D．They traveled by plane. 2．What was the first important invention in land travel? A．The wagon B．The train C．The wheel D．The car 3．What helped people explore more places? A．The compass B．The wheel C．The train D．The airplane 4．Which of the following is a modern means of transportation? A．Wagon B．High-speed train C．Boat D．Canal 5．What is the main idea of the passage? A．The history of transportation development. B．How to invent new transportation. C．The importance of the wheel. D．Future transportation in space. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．B 5．A 1．对应第1段：文中提到“Long ago, many people did not travel far from home.”，说明很久以前人们不会远行。 2．对应第2段：文中提到“The first important invention in land travel was the wheel.”，说明陆路旅行中第一个重要的发明是车轮。 3．对应第4段：文中提到“The invention of the compass helped people explore more places.”，说明指南针帮助人们探索更多地方。 4．对应第5段：文中提到“Modern means of transportation, such as high-speed trains and airplanes”，说明高速列车是现代交通工具。 5．对应全文：文章按时间顺序介绍了交通运输从古代到现代的发展历程，核心是交通运输发展的历史。 Passage3 Computers and the internet have changed our lives greatly. When Jenny’s mum was a student, computers 1 widely used. Everything 2 by hand on paper. If she didn’t know a word, she had to look it up in a printed dictionary. For research, she had to go to the library. But now, with computers and the internet, study and research become much 3 . Students can search for information online easily, take online courses, and chat with friends far away. The internet is 4 a bridge that connects people around the world. However, the internet also has disadvantages. It’s important for us to 5 the good from the bad. Another great invention is pasteurization, invented by Louis Pasteur. In the past, people sometimes got sick or even died after drinking raw milk, because it had dangerous bacteria. Pasteur 6 the process of pasteurization around 1864. He heated milk to 72℃ for 15 seconds to 7 the harmful bacteria. His work 8 millions of lives around the world. Inventions come from creativity. They 9 our lives better and safer. We should keep 10 new ideas and create more great inventions. 1．A．were not B．are not C．was not D．is not 2．A．wrote B．is written C．was written D．has written 3．A．hard B．harder C．easy D．easier 4．A．like B．as C．for D．with 5．A．tell B．say C．speak D．talk 6．A．invented B．found C．discovered D．made 7．A．kill B．keep C．save D．protect 8．A．saved B．saves C．has saved D．will save 9．A．make B．let C．get D．have 10．A．coming up with B．putting up with C．catching up with D．ending up with 【答案】 1．A 2．C 3．D 4．A 5．A 6．A 7．A 8．A 9．A 10．A 1．句意：当Jenny的妈妈还是学生时，计算机还没有被广泛使用。 “When Jenny’s mum was a student”说明时态是一般过去时，主语“computers”是复数，be动词用were，否定形式是were not。 2．句意：所有东西都是手写在纸上的。 主语“Everything”和动词“write”是被动关系（所有内容被手写），仍然是过去的动作，用一般过去时的被动语态；不定代词作主语谓语用单数，所以是was written。 3．句意：但现在，有了计算机和互联网，学习和研究变得容易多了。 此处指现在和过去对比，且much修饰比较级，说明科技带来的便利，学习研究变得更容易，用easier。 4．句意：互联网就像一座连接世界各地人们的桥梁。 此处表示互联网就像一座桥梁。介词like表示“像……”，符合语义和语法。 5．句意：对我们来说，区分好坏很重要。 固定搭配tell A from B表示“区分A和B”，tell the good from the bad意为“区分好坏”。这里是提醒读者注意互联网的负面影响，并学会辨别。 6．句意：巴斯德在1864年左右发明了巴氏杀菌法。 巴氏杀菌法是巴斯德创造的新方法，invented意为“发明”，指创造原本不存在的新事物，符合文意。 7．句意：他将牛奶加热到72摄氏度持续15秒以杀死有害细菌。 巴氏杀菌法加热牛奶的目的是杀死有害细菌，应用kill“杀死”。 8．句意：他的工作拯救了全世界数百万人的生命。 此处用于叙述历史事实，应使用一般过去时，应填saved。 9．句意：它们使我们的生活更美好、更安全。 固定结构“make+宾语+形容词”表示“使……变得……”，make our lives better and safer即“让我们的生活更好更安全”，符合搭配和文意。 10．句意：我们应该不断提出新想法，创造更多伟大的发明。 come up with new ideas意为“提出新想法”，符合“鼓励持续创新和发明”的语境，应用coming up with。 Passage 4 Great inventions have changed the world a lot and made our life more convenient. There are many great inventions in human history, and some of them are very 1 to our daily life. The four great inventions of ancient China are paper making, printing, the compass and gunpowder. Paper making and printing made it easy for people to 2 and spread information. Before paper was invented, people wrote on bamboo slips and silk, which were heavy and expensive. The compass helped sailors 3 their way at sea, and it made sea travel much safer. Gunpowder was used in many fields and 4 many great changes in the world. Besides Chinese inventions, there are many other great inventions from all over the world. Thomas Edison 5 the electric light, which made people’s life bright at night. The telephone, invented by Bell, let people 6 with each other far away easily. The computer and the Internet are the most important inventions in modern times. They have developed very fast and 7 every part of our life. We can study, work and talk with friends online 8 the Internet. Inventions are always coming out, and they keep 9 our world. Every great invention is the result of hard work. We should learn from the inventors and keep thinking and creating. Maybe one day, we can also invent something useful to 10 the world. 1．A．important B．boring C．difficult D．useless 2．A．write B．read C．copy D．record 3．A．find B．lose C．make D．get 4．A．took B．brought C．carried D．got 5．A．found B．discovered C．invented D．created 6．A．communicate B．talk C．say D．tell 7．A．touched B．changed C．played D．visited 8．A．in B．on C．by D．with 9．A．changing B．making C．building D．keeping 10．A．destroy B．change C．break D．stop 【答案】 1．A 2．D 3．A 4．B 5．C 6．A 7．B 8．B 9．A 10．B 1．句意：人类历史上有很多伟大的发明，其中一些对我们的日常生活非常重要。 important重要的；boring无聊的；difficult困难的；useless无用的。根据“Great inventions have changed the world a lot and made our life more convenient”可知，发明对日常生活很重要，故选A。 2．句意：造纸术和印刷术使人们便于记录和传播信息。 write写；read读；copy复制；record记录。根据“and spread information.”可知，此处指让信息的记录和传播变得容易，record符合语境，故选D。 3．句意：指南针帮助水手在海上找到方向，使海上旅行更加安全。 find找到；lose失去；make制作；get得到。根据“The compass helped sailors...their way”可知，指南针的作用是帮助人们在海上找到方向，find one’s way是固定搭配，意为“找到路”，故选A。 4．句意：火药在许多领域被使用，并给世界带来了许多巨大的变化。 took带走；brought带来；carried搬运；got得到。根据“many great changes”可知，此处指给世界带来变化，brought符合语境，故选B。 5．句意：托马斯・爱迪生发明了电灯，使人们的夜晚变得明亮。 found找到；discovered发现（原本存在的事物）；invented发明（原本不存在的事物）；created创造。根据“the electric light”可知，电灯是爱迪生发明的新事物，invented符合语境，故选C。 6．句意：贝尔发明的电话，让人们可以轻松地与远方的人交流。 communicate交流；talk谈话；say说；tell告诉。根据“let people...with each other far away easily”可知，电话的主要功能是让人们互相交流，communicate with sb.是固定搭配，意为“与某人交流”，故选A。 7．句意：它们发展得非常快，改变了我们生活的方方面面。 touched触摸；changed改变；played玩耍；visited参观。根据“Great inventions have changed the world a lot”可知，电脑和互联网改变了我们的生活，changed符合语境，故选B。 8．句意：我们可以通过互联网在线学习、工作和与朋友交谈。 in在……里；on在……上；by通过；with和……一起。根据“the Internet.”可知，此处是on the Internet固定搭配，意为“在互联网上”，故选B。 9．句意：发明不断涌现，它们一直在改变我们的世界。 changing改变；making制作；building建造；keeping保持。根据“Great inventions have changed the world a lot”可知，发明持续改变世界，keep doing sth.表示“持续做某事”，changing符合语境，故选A。 10．句意：也许有一天，我们也可以发明一些有用的东西来改变世界。 destroy破坏；change改变；break打破；stop停止。根据文章开头提到的“Great inventions have changed the world a lot”可知，此处与之呼应，change符合语境，故选B。 Passage 5 My name is Zhang Wei. The Internet is very important in our daily life. With the Internet, the world is at our 1 . We can do many things easily and quickly. I started to use the Internet when I was eight years old. At first, I used it to 2 cartoons and play simple online games. As I grew up, I began to use it to look up information for my study. When I meet difficult problems, I can find answers online 3 . It saves me a lot of time. Now, I use the Internet for many purposes. I often 4 with my pen pal in America through WeChat. We can share our daily life and ideas easily. I also do online shopping sometimes. It’s very convenient—I don’t need to go out, and I can buy all kinds of things at home. Besides, I can 5 online courses to learn new skills, such as English and drawing. However, the Internet is not perfect. Some students spend too much time 6 online games, which is bad for their study and health. There is also some harmful content online, so we need to be careful when we use it. We should use the Internet 7 and avoid the negative aspects. The Internet changes our life a lot. It makes the world smaller and connects people from all over the world. It helps us study, work and relax. I think the Internet is a great 8 for us. But we must remember not to 9 too much time on it. Let’s use it properly to make our life 10 . 1．A．fingertips B．click C．home D．school 2．A．watch B．read C．look D．see 3．A．slowly B．quickly C．hardly D．carefully 4．A．chat B．fight C．work D．study 5．A．take B．make C．do D．give 6．A．play B．playing C．to play D．played 7．A．carelessly B．wisely C．quickly D．slowly 8．A．tool B．game C．book D．toy 9．A．spend B．take C．cost D．pay 10．A．worse B．better C．harder D．easier 【答案】 1．A 2．A 3．B 4．A 5．A 6．B 7．B 8．A 9．A 10．B 1．句意：有了互联网，世界触手可及。 fingertips指尖；click点击；home家；school学校。根据“With the Internet, the world is at our...”可知，有了互联网，世界触手可及。此处为固定搭配at our fingertips，意为“随手可用”，故选A。 2．句意：起初，我用它看动画片、玩简单的网络游戏。 watch观看；read阅读；look看；see看见。根据“At first, I used it to...cartoons and play simple online games.”可知，起初，我用它看动画片、玩简单的网络游戏，watch符合。故选A。 3．句意：当我遇到难题时，我能快速在网上找到答案。 slowly慢地；quickly快地；hardly几乎不；carefully仔细地。根据“When I meet difficult problems, I can find answers online...”以及“It saves me a lot of time.”可知，我能快速在网上找到答案。故选B。 4．句意：我经常通过微信和美国的笔友聊天。 chat聊天；fight战斗；work工作；study学习。根据“I often...with my pen pal in America through WeChat.”以及“We can share our daily life and ideas easily.”可知，我经常通过微信和美国的笔友聊天。故选A。 5．句意：此外，我还能上网课学习新技能，比如英语和画画。 take上（课）；make制作；do做；give给。根据“Besides, I can...online courses to learn new skills, such as English and drawing.”可知，此外，我还能上网课学习新技能，此处为固定搭配take online courses，意为“上网课”，故选A。 6．句意：有些学生花太多时间玩游戏，对学习和健康不利。 play玩，一般现在时；playing正在玩，现在分词；to play去玩；不定式；played玩过了，一般过去时或过去分词。根据“Some students spend too much time...online games, which is bad for their study and health.”可知，有些学生花太多时间玩游戏，此处为固定结构spend time doing sth.，含义是“花费时间做某事”，故选B。 7．句意：我们应该明智地使用互联网，避开消极的方面。 carelessly粗心地；wisely明智地；quickly快地；slowly慢地。根据“We should use the Internet...and avoid the negative aspects.”可知，我们应该明智地使用互联网。故选B。 8．句意：我认为互联网对我们来说是一个很好的工具。 tool工具；game游戏；book书；toy玩具。根据“I think the Internet is a great...for us.”可知，互联网是一个很好的工具。故选A。 9．句意：但我们必须记得不能在上面花太多时间。 spend花费，主语为人；take花费，主语为it；cost花费，主语为物；pay支付，主语为人。根据“But we must remember not to...too much time on it.”可知，但我们不能在上面花太多时间，spend time on“花时间在”，是固定搭配。故选A。 10．句意：让我们合理使用它，让生活更美好。 worse更糟的；better更好的；harder更难的；easier更容易的。根据“Let’s use it properly to make our life...”可知，让我们合理使用它，让生活更美好。故选B。 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 2 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 5 Great inventions 伟大的发明 话题阅读精练 模块 语篇 题型 体裁 词数 内容简介 时文阅读 Passage1 阅读理解 记叙文 323 本文主要介绍了法国科学家路易·巴斯德的两项重要发现。 Passage2 阅读理解 记叙文 248 本文介绍了中国古代的几项伟大发明，包括丝绸、造纸术、印刷术、风筝和火药，展现了古代中国在发明创造领域的重要地位。 实战演练 Passage1 阅读理解 记叙文 113 本文是一篇海报，主要介绍了Smart Glasses Pro智能眼镜的主要功能以及价格、退货政策。 Passage2 阅读理解 记叙文 186 本文围绕交通运输的发展展开，介绍了从古代人们的出行方式，到车轮、马车、火车、汽车等陆路交通的发明，再到指南针、运河、轮船等水上交通的进步，以及现代高速列车、飞机、环保电动汽车等现代交通工具的发展，最后总结了交通运输发展的意义和人类创造力。 Passage3 完形填空 记叙文 189 本文通过对比计算机和互联网普及前后的学习生活方式，以及巴氏杀菌法的发明，阐述了发明创造对生活的影响：它们既让生活变得更轻松和安全，但也存在弊端，并鼓励人们继续创新。 Passage4 完形填空 记叙文 230 本文介绍了改变世界的伟大发明，包括中国古代四大发明和现代重要发明，阐述了它们如何让生活更便利，并鼓励我们不断思考和创造。 Passage5 完形填空 记叙文 269 本文主要讲述了张伟介绍了互联网给自己学习和生活带来的便利，同时指出了它的弊端，并呼吁大家合理、明智地使用互联网。 时文阅读 Passage1 Germs are tiny living things that can make people sick. They are everywhere—in the air, on our hands, and on things we touch every day. Food goes bad when germs and bacteria start to grow in it. In the 1860s, a French scientist named Louis Pasteur found a way to stop bad germs from growing in food. At that time, many wine makers in France had a problem. Their wine often turned sour and they didn’t know why. The French government asked Pasteur to find the reason. While studying the wine, he noticed something strange. Some bottles went bad quickly, while others stayed fresh for longer. This made him very curious. He believed that tiny germs in the air might be the cause. To test his idea, he heated the wine until it was very hot and then cooled it quickly. To his surprise, the wine stayed fresh much longer. That was how he discovered the process later called pasteurisation. The heat killed the harmful bacteria, which made food last longer. This method helped people keep foods like milk, meat and vegetables safe for more time. Later, food was also kept in tins. The tins were heated to kill bacteria and then closed tightly so no new germs could get in. This made it possible to store food for many months or even years. Pasteur also worked on another problem—a dangerous disease called rabies. He experimented with rabbits that had the virus. He carefully took infected tissue from the rabbits and dried it in clean air for a few days. This process made the virus weaker and less harmful. In 1885, he tested his new vaccine on a nine-year-old boy, who had been bitten by a dog with rabies. The boy received the vaccine and never got sick. News of this success spread quickly across France, and many people who had been bitten came to Pasteur for help. Pasteur’s discoveries saved many lives. 细菌是能让人生病的微小生物。它们无处不在 —— 空气中、我们手上，以及每天接触的物品上。当细菌在食物中滋生时，食物就会变质。 19 世纪 60 年代，一位名叫路易・巴斯德的法国科学家找到了抑制有害细菌在食物中生长的方法。当时，法国许多酿酒商都遇到一个难题：葡萄酒经常变酸，却不知道原因。法国政府请巴斯德查明缘由。在研究葡萄酒时，他发现一个奇怪现象：有些瓶子很快变质，有些却能保鲜更久。这让他十分好奇。他认为，空气中的微小细菌可能是罪魁祸首。为验证猜想，他将葡萄酒加热至高温，然后迅速冷却。令他惊喜的是，葡萄酒的保鲜时间大大延长。这就是后来被称为巴氏杀菌法的发现过程。 高温杀死了有害细菌，使食物得以保存更久。这种方法帮助人们更长时间安全保存牛奶、肉类和蔬菜。后来，食物还被装入罐头：罐头经加热杀菌后密封，防止新细菌进入，这样食物就能储存数月甚至数年。 巴斯德还研究了另一个难题 ——狂犬病这种危险疾病。他用感染病毒的兔子做实验，小心取出兔子的受感染组织，在洁净空气中干燥数日，使病毒毒性减弱。1885 年，他将新研制的疫苗用于一名 9 岁男孩，男孩被疯狗咬伤，接种疫苗后并未发病。这一成功的消息迅速传遍法国，许多被咬伤的人都来找巴斯德求助。巴斯德的发现拯救了无数生命。 【长难句分析】 ‌1.Some bottles went bad quickly, while others stayed fresh for longer. ‌翻译:‌ 有些瓶子很快就变质了，而另一些则能保持新鲜更久。 ‌重点:‌ 并列句，由 while 连接，表示对比 / 转折。 前半句：Some bottles went bad quickly 后半句：while others stayed fresh for longer 语法要点： while这里不是 “当…… 时候”，而是 “然而、而”，表示对比。 go bad系表结构：go + 形容词，表示变得……（变坏）类似：go wrong（出故障）, go sour（变酸） 重点短语： go bad：变质、变坏 stay fresh：保持新鲜 for longer：更长时间 ‌2.He carefully took infected tissue from the rabbits and dried it in clean air for a few days. ‌翻译:‌ 他小心地从兔子身上取出受感染的组织，并在洁净的空气中将其干燥几天。 ‌重点:‌ 简单句，并列谓语：主语 He + 谓语 1 took + 宾语 + 谓语 2 dried + 宾语 语法要点： and 连接两个并列动词took … and dried … infected tissueinfected 是过去分词作定语，表示 “被感染的”。 for a few days表示持续时间，与延续性动词 dried 搭配。 重点短语： infected tissue：受感染的组织 take … from …：从…… 取出…… dry sth. in clean air：在洁净空气中干燥某物 for a few days：持续几天 ‌3.The tins were heated to kill bacteria and then closed tightly so no new germs could get in. ‌翻译:‌ 这些罐子被加热以杀死细菌，然后被紧密密封，使得新的细菌无法进入。 ‌重点:被动语态 + 目的状语 + 结果状语 主句：The tins were heated … and then closed tightly 目的：to kill bacteria 结果：so no new germs could get in 语法要点：被动语态were heated /closed 被动：被加热、被密封 to kill bacteria不定式作目的状语：“为了杀死细菌” so (that)引导结果状语从句，省略 that：so (that) no new germs could get in意为 “以至于没有新细菌能进入” 重点短语：heat to kill bacteria：加热杀菌 close tightly：密封、盖紧 get in：进入、侵入 【重难词汇梳理】 英文单词 / 短语 音标 中文释义 词性 / 搭配 germ /dʒɜːm/ 细菌、病菌 n. bacteria /bækˈtɪəriə/ 细菌（复数） n. tiny /ˈtaɪni/ 微小的 adj. go bad /ɡəʊ bæd/ 变质、变坏 v. 短语 pasteurisation /ˌpɑːstʃəraɪˈzeɪʃn/ 巴氏杀菌法 n. heat /hiːt/ 加热 v. harmful /ˈhɑːmfl/ 有害的 adj. vaccine /ˈvæksiːn/ 疫苗 n. rabies /ˈreɪbiːz/ 狂犬病 n. infected /ɪnˈfektɪd/ 被感染的 adj. virus /ˈvaɪrəs/ 病毒 n. tissue /ˈtɪʃuː/ 组织 n. tightly /ˈtaɪtli/ 紧紧地、密封地 adv. store /stɔː(r)/ 储存、保存 v. curious /ˈkjʊəriəs/ 好奇的 adj. process /ˈprəʊses/ 过程、方法 n. Passage2 Great inventions from ancient China 中国古代伟大发明 Ancient China was a land of great inventors. Many things we use today were first created here, long before they appeared in other parts of the world. 中国古代是伟大发明家的国度。我们今天使用的许多东西最早都诞生在这里，远比世界其他地方出现得更早。 About 4,700 years ago, the Chinese learned how to make silk. For a long time, they were the only ones who knew the secret. This valuable cloth attracted people from far away, leading to the famous Silk Road. This network of trade routes connected China to places like Europe and the Middle East. It brought wealth to China, but also risks. Finally, the secret was stolen when someone took silkworm eggs to Europe. 大约 4700 年前，中国人掌握了养蚕缫丝技术。在很长一段时间里，他们是唯一掌握这个秘密的民族。这种珍贵的织物吸引了远方的人们，促成了著名的丝绸之路。这条贸易路线网络将中国与欧洲、中东等地连接起来。它为中国带来了财富，但也带来了风险。最终，有人将蚕卵带到欧洲，丝绸的秘密就此外泄。 The secret of paper-making was also discovered in China. Around 2,000 years ago, an official named Cai Lun invented it by mixing certain plants with water, then pressing and drying them. By 593, the Chinese had invented the first printing press, and the first printed newspaper appeared in around 700. 造纸术同样是中国的发明。大约 2000 年前，官员蔡伦用多种植物混合水，经过捶打、压制、晾干，发明了纸。到公元 593 年，中国人发明了最早的印刷术，世界上第一份印刷报纸则在公元 700 年左右出现。 Another famous Chinese invention is the kite. It is said that around 400 BCE, two men, Mo Di and Lu Ban, made kites shaped like birds. They were popular toys, but people soon found other uses for them. Kites could be used to help in fishing from the shore, deliver messages, or carry small items. 另一项著名的中国发明是风筝。据说在公元前 400 年左右，墨翟和鲁班制作了形似飞鸟的风筝。它们起初是受欢迎的玩具，但人们很快发现了其他用途：风筝可以辅助岸边钓鱼、传递信息，或是运送小物件。 Perhaps the most famous Chinese invention is gunpowder. Actually, it was discovered by accident by people trying to find a way to live forever. In the late Tang Dynasty, gunpowder was used in wars. It reached Arabian countries in the 1200s and then was known to the Europeans. 也许最著名的中国发明是火药。它其实是人们在寻求长生不老药时偶然发现的。晚唐时期，火药被用于战争。13 世纪传入阿拉伯国家，随后为欧洲人所知。 【长难句分析】 1. This valuable cloth attracted people from far away, leading to the famous Silk Road. ‌翻译:‌ 这种珍贵的布料吸引了远方的人们，从而形成了著名的丝绸之路。 ‌重点:简单句 + 现在分词作结果状语 主句：This valuable cloth attracted people from far away 结果状语：leading to the famous Silk Road 语法要点： leading to…现在分词短语作自然而然的结果状语，意为 “因此导致了……”。 from far away介词短语作后置定语，修饰 people：来自远方的（人） 重点短语： valuable cloth：珍贵的布料 attract people：吸引人们 from far away：来自远方 lead to：导致、形成、通向 2.Around 2,000 years ago, an official named Cai Lun invented it by mixing certain plants with water, then pressing and drying them. ‌翻译:‌ 约 2000 年前，一位名叫蔡伦的官员通过将某些植物与水混合，然后压榨并干燥它们，发明了纸。 ‌重点:主谓宾 + 方式状语（by doing…） 主句：an official named Cai Lun invented it 方式：by mixing…, then pressing and drying… 语法要点： named Cai Lun过去分词作定语，相当于 who was named Cai Lun。 by doing…介词 by + 动名词，表示通过…… 方式。 mixing…, pressing and drying三个并列动名词，结构工整。 重点短语： an official named…：一位名叫…… 的官员 mix A with B：把 A 和 B 混合 press and dry：压榨并干燥 3.Actually, it was discovered by accident by people trying to find a way to live forever. ‌翻译:‌ 事实上，它是被那些试图寻找长生不老方法的人偶然发现的。 ‌重点:被动语态 + 定语 + 后置定语 主句：it was discovered by accident by people 定语：trying to find a way to live forever 语法要点： was discovered一般过去时被动语态：被发现。 by accident固定短语：偶然、意外地。 people trying to…现在分词作定语 = people who were trying to… a way to do sth不定式作后置定语：做某事的方法。 重点短语： by accident：偶然、意外地 try to do sth：试图做某事 find a way to…：找到…… 的方法 live forever：长生不老 【重难点单词梳理】 英文单词 / 短语 音标 中文释义 ancient /ˈeɪnʃənt/ 古代的 inventor /ɪnˈventə(r)/ 发明家 silk /sɪlk/ 丝绸 valuable /ˈvæljuəbl/ 珍贵的 attract /əˈtrækt/ 吸引 Silk Road /sɪlk rəʊd/ 丝绸之路 trade route /treɪd ruːt/ 贸易路线 network /ˈnetwɜːk/ 网络 wealth /welθ/ 财富 silkworm /ˈsɪlkwɜːm/ 蚕 paper-making /ˈpeɪpə meɪkɪŋ/ 造纸 official /əˈfɪʃl/ 官员 mix /mɪks/ 混合 press /pres/ 按压、压榨 dry /draɪ/ 使干燥 printing press /ˈprɪntɪŋ pres/ 印刷机 kite /kaɪt/ 风筝 deliver /dɪˈlɪvə(r)/ 传递 gunpowder /ˈɡʌnpaʊdə(r)/ 火药 by accident /baɪ ˈæksɪdənt/ 偶然 live forever /lɪv fərˈevə(r)/ 长生不老 dynasty /ˈdɪnəsti/ 朝代 实战演练 Passage1 Smart Glasses Pro — See the future today! Tired of looking at your phone all the time? Smart Glasses Pro brings information right before your eyes! ✔ Hands-free Calls — Answer calls without touching your phone. ✔ Navigation System — See directions while walking or driving. ✔ Live Translation — Understand different languages in no time. ✔ Voice Control — Just say what you need! Special offer: $299 (Limited offer!) Buy now and get a FREE carrying case! Easy return policy (政策) — If you are not satisfied, return it within 30 days for a full refund! Visit our website for more details. Order today and step into the future! Task: Choose the best answer. 选择最恰当的答案。 1．What is the purpose of the poster? A．To introduce a new product. B．To teach people how to make glasses. C．To explain how to use a phone. D．To tell people about a free event. 2．According to the poster, Smart Glasses Pro CANNOT help you ________. A．cook food B．answer calls C．find directions D．understand different languages 3．How can you control Smart Glasses Pro? A．By touching the screen. B．By saying what you need. C．By writing on it. D．By making calls. 4．What else do you get when you buy a Smart Glasses Pro? A．A free phone. B．Another free Smart Glasses Pro. C．A free pair of sunglasses. D．A free carrying case. Passage2 Long ago, many people did not travel far from home. In fact, in the early days, a person might live their whole life in one village. The first important invention in land travel was the wheel. And then came the wagon. Humans began to have the power to move and carry things across long distances. The next was the train. After the train came the invention of cars, buses, trucks, and other means of transportation. Humans and goods were able to travel farther than ever before. Boats and ships provided another important way of travelling. The invention of the compass helped people explore more places. And canal systems made fast waterway transportation possible. Modern means of transportation, such as high-speed trains and airplanes, help people travel faster and farther. Eco-friendly electric cars are common and self-driving cars are in development. People can even travel to space in spaceships. Who knows what the future holds? The development of transportation has made travelling much easier and faster. Every invention is a symbol of human creativity. Let's enjoy these developments and work for more great things in the future. 1．How far did people travel long ago? A．They traveled far from home. B．They didn’t travel far from home. C．They traveled by high-speed train. D．They traveled by plane. 2．What was the first important invention in land travel? A．The wagon B．The train C．The wheel D．The car 3．What helped people explore more places? A．The compass B．The wheel C．The train D．The airplane 4．Which of the following is a modern means of transportation? A．Wagon B．High-speed train C．Boat D．Canal 5．What is the main idea of the passage? A．The history of transportation development. B．How to invent new transportation. C．The importance of the wheel. D．Future transportation in space. Passage3 Computers and the internet have changed our lives greatly. When Jenny’s mum was a student, computers 1 widely used. Everything 2 by hand on paper. If she didn’t know a word, she had to look it up in a printed dictionary. For research, she had to go to the library. But now, with computers and the internet, study and research become much 3 . Students can search for information online easily, take online courses, and chat with friends far away. The internet is 4 a bridge that connects people around the world. However, the internet also has disadvantages. It’s important for us to 5 the good from the bad. Another great invention is pasteurization, invented by Louis Pasteur. In the past, people sometimes got sick or even died after drinking raw milk, because it had dangerous bacteria. Pasteur 6 the process of pasteurization around 1864. He heated milk to 72℃ for 15 seconds to 7 the harmful bacteria. His work 8 millions of lives around the world. Inventions come from creativity. They 9 our lives better and safer. We should keep 10 new ideas and create more great inventions. 1．A．were not B．are not C．was not D．is not 2．A．wrote B．is written C．was written D．has written 3．A．hard B．harder C．easy D．easier 4．A．like B．as C．for D．with 5．A．tell B．say C．speak D．talk 6．A．invented B．found C．discovered D．made 7．A．kill B．keep C．save D．protect 8．A．saved B．saves C．has saved D．will save 9．A．make B．let C．get D．have 10．A．coming up with B．putting up with C．catching up with D．ending up with Passage 4 Great inventions have changed the world a lot and made our life more convenient. There are many great inventions in human history, and some of them are very 1 to our daily life. The four great inventions of ancient China are paper making, printing, the compass and gunpowder. Paper making and printing made it easy for people to 2 and spread information. Before paper was invented, people wrote on bamboo slips and silk, which were heavy and expensive. The compass helped sailors 3 their way at sea, and it made sea travel much safer. Gunpowder was used in many fields and 4 many great changes in the world. Besides Chinese inventions, there are many other great inventions from all over the world. Thomas Edison 5 the electric light, which made people’s life bright at night. The telephone, invented by Bell, let people 6 with each other far away easily. The computer and the Internet are the most important inventions in modern times. They have developed very fast and 7 every part of our life. We can study, work and talk with friends online 8 the Internet. Inventions are always coming out, and they keep 9 our world. Every great invention is the result of hard work. We should learn from the inventors and keep thinking and creating. Maybe one day, we can also invent something useful to 10 the world. 1．A．important B．boring C．difficult D．useless 2．A．write B．read C．copy D．record 3．A．find B．lose C．make D．get 4．A．took B．brought C．carried D．got 5．A．found B．discovered C．invented D．created 6．A．communicate B．talk C．say D．tell 7．A．touched B．changed C．played D．visited 8．A．in B．on C．by D．with 9．A．changing B．making C．building D．keeping 10．A．destroy B．change C．break D．stop Passage 5 My name is Zhang Wei. The Internet is very important in our daily life. With the Internet, the world is at our 1 . We can do many things easily and quickly. I started to use the Internet when I was eight years old. At first, I used it to 2 cartoons and play simple online games. As I grew up, I began to use it to look up information for my study. When I meet difficult problems, I can find answers online 3 . It saves me a lot of time. Now, I use the Internet for many purposes. I often 4 with my pen pal in America through WeChat. We can share our daily life and ideas easily. I also do online shopping sometimes. It’s very convenient—I don’t need to go out, and I can buy all kinds of things at home. Besides, I can 5 online courses to learn new skills, such as English and drawing. However, the Internet is not perfect. Some students spend too much time 6 online games, which is bad for their study and health. There is also some harmful content online, so we need to be careful when we use it. We should use the Internet 7 and avoid the negative aspects. The Internet changes our life a lot. It makes the world smaller and connects people from all over the world. It helps us study, work and relax. I think the Internet is a great 8 for us. But we must remember not to 9 too much time on it. Let’s use it properly to make our life 10 . 1．A．fingertips B．click C．home D．school 2．A．watch B．read C．look D．see 3．A．slowly B．quickly C．hardly D．carefully 4．A．chat B．fight C．work D．study 5．A．take B．make C．do D．give 6．A．play B．playing C．to play D．played 7．A．carelessly B．wisely C．quickly D．slowly 8．A．tool B．game C．book D．toy 9．A．spend B．take C．cost D．pay 10．A．worse B．better C．harder D．easier 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 2 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $