Unit 5 Great inventions. Lesson 5 知识清单 2025-2026学年冀教版英语八年级下册

Unit 5 Great inventions.Lesson 5知识清单 Part1核心单词 1 freeze /fri z/ v. 冰冻;(使) 结冰 freeze 作不及物动词时,指液体“结冰”或人“极冷”;作及物动词时,意为“使冻结;使结冰”。其过去式为froze,过去分词为frozen。 freeze 可表示“(因寒冷或恐惧) 冻僵;呆住”。常见搭配:freeze up(机器等) 冻住/ 停止运转;(人) 变得冷淡 相关词汇:frozen adj. 冷冻的;结冰的 freezing adj. 极冷的 例:Water freezes at 0 . 水在 0 摄氏度时结冰。 I nearly froze when I went out without a coat.我没穿外套出门,差点冻僵了。 My computer froze up while I was editing the video.我编辑视频时电脑突然死机了。 2 energy /'en d i/ n. 能源;能量 energy 的一词多义: (1) 作“能源”讲时,指电力、燃料等可利用的能源,为不可数名词。 (2) 作“能量”讲时,指物理概念或人体活动所需的精力,为不可数名词。 常见搭配:take energy from 从……吸取能量 save energy 节约能源 solar energy 太阳能 相关词汇:energetic adj. 精力充沛的 例:Solar energy is a clean and renewable resource.太阳能是一种清洁的可再生资源。 Food provides us with energy. 食物为我们提供能量。 She’s always full of energy. 她总是充满活力。 3 although / l' / conj. 虽然;尽管 although 作连词,意为“虽然;尽管”,引导让步状语从句,相当于“though”,二者都不能与but 连用,但可与yet,still 连用。可以转换成用but 连接的句子。 although 作连词,还意为“然而;不过”,引出补充说明的内容,使语气变弱。 注意:even 能和though 搭配,但是even 不能与although 搭配。 例:Although/Though he is very tired, he is still working. = He is very tired, but he is still working.虽然他很累,但是他仍然在工作。 Our team lost, although it was a wonderful game.我们队输了,不过这是一场精彩的比赛。 Part2核心短语 1 be meant for为某人/某物而设计 be meant for sb./sth.为某人/某物而设计 be meant to do sth. 应该做某事;目的是做某事 例:Iceboxes became popular. They were smaller icehouses meant for homes in the city. 2 be traced back to可追溯到 例:The origins of porcelain can be traced back to the Han Dynasty in China. 3 be named after以……命名;根据……命名 例:The Silk Road was named after this valuable product. Part3核心句子 1 Tofu is rich in minerals that are important for building strong bones and reducing the risk of some diseases. 长难句分析:这是一个主从复合句。主句Tofu is rich in minerals 是主系表结构,其中be rich in 为固定搭配,意为“富含……”。从句是由that 引导的定语从句,that 指代先行词minerals,在从句中作主语,系动词是are,表语是important,for building strong bones and reducing the risk of some diseases 是介词短语作状语,其中and连接两个并列的动名词短语。 2 It is said that Shennong, an ancient Chinese emperor, discovered tea when a tea leaf accidentally fell into a pot of boiling water. 长难句分析:这是一个复合句。It is said that... 是固定句型,意为“据说……”,其中It为形式主语,真正的主语是that引导的主语从句。在主语从句中,主语是Shennong,an ancient Chinese emperor 作同位语,谓语是discovered,宾语是tea。when 引导时间状语从句。 3 Although hundreds of years have passed, these inventions continue to inspire and shape modern science and technology. 长难句分析:这是一个复合句。从句是由Although引导的让步状语从句,主语是hundreds of years,谓语是have passed。主句主语是these inventions,谓语是continue,宾语是动词不定式短语。continue to do sth. 是固定搭配,意为“继续做某事”。 Part4 单元语法 一般过去时的被动语态 考点1 一般过去时的被动语态句式结构 一般过去时的被动语态由“主语 + was/were + 过去分词 (+ by + 宾语 ) ”构成。 分类 句式结构 肯定句 主语+ was/were + 过去分词(+ by + 宾语) . 否定句 主语 + was/were + not + 过去分词(+ by + 宾语) . 一般疑问句 及回答 Was/Were + 主语 + 过去分词(+ by + 宾语) ? 肯定回答:Yes, 主语+ was/were. 否定回答:No, 主语+ wasn’t/weren’t. 特殊疑问句 疑问词 + was/were + 主语 + 过去分词? 例:A new school was built in our town last year. 去年我们镇上建了一所新学校。 Were you invited to the party last night? 你昨晚被邀请参加派对了吗? The problem wasn’t solved by him yesterday. 这个问题昨天没被他解决。 When was the computer invented? 电脑是什么时候发明的? 考点2 一般过去时的被动语态的时间标志词 表示过去的时间词:yesterday(昨天) , last week/month/year (上周 / 上个月 / 去年) , ago(以前) , in + 过去年份(如 in 2010) , the other day(前几天) 等。 例:The museum was opened two years ago. 博物馆两年前开放了。 These photos were taken last summer. 这些照片是去年夏天拍的。 Part5 单元写作 【写作维度】 本单元的写作项目是“介绍一项发明或一个发明家”,相关内容包含以下几个方面:(1) 介绍一项发明及对人们日常生活的影响(2) 介绍一个发明家及其成就 (3) 介绍自己的一个发明。 【写作支架/模板】 介绍 一项发明 介绍发明是什么,点明这项发明的名称和发明目的 重点介绍该发明的用途、特点 总结发明的创新性和带来的价值与影响 【重点句子】 一、开头段 ① There are many great inventions in our daily life. ② My favourite invention is the smartphone. ③ I’m really excited to introduce my latest invention. 二、中间段 ① They have changed our world a lot. ② A smartphone is widely used for communication, learning, and entertainment. ③ They can help to save energy and protect the environment. ④ The development of smartphones has made people’s life faster and smarter. 三、结尾段 ① Spending too much time on them might waste our energy. ② I hope more amazing inventions will be invented to make our lives better. ③ I hope it will become more and more useful in the future. 【经典例题】 古有四大发明,今有科技创新。学校校刊正在举办科技节英文征文活动,请你以“My Favourite Invention”为题,根据下面表格内容写一篇90词左右的短文,参加校刊活动。 My Favourite Invention What is your favourite invention? (smartphone, AI car, DeepSeek...) What is it used for? What can it do? Why do you like it best? Something more you want to say. 精彩范文 My Favourite Invention There are many great inventions in our daily life. My favourite invention is the smartphone. A smartphone is widely used for communication, learning, and entertainment. It allows us to call friends, search for information online, take photos, and even pay bills quickly. What I like most is its convenience. With it, I can study anytime by watching educational videos or reading e-books. It also helps me connect with family and friends through social media. The development of smartphones has made people’s life faster and smarter. However, smartphones should be used wisely. Spending too much time on them might waste our energy. Let’s enjoy technology but also focus on real-life activities! 【实战演练】 假设你是李华,你设计的一项小发明在学校科技展览中荣获一等奖。请你写一篇90词左右的发言稿,在学校英语角分享此项发明的功能特点、制作过程中遇到的挑战及获奖感想。 范文参考 Good morning, everyone! Today I want to talk about my invention—the Smart Desk Organizer. It got first prize at our school’s technology exhibition. This organizer is really useful. It has a USB port to charge phones or tablets. There are also small boxes that can change size to hold books, notebooks and pens neatly. When I made it, it wasn’t easy. The hardest part was making the charger work safely. I tried many times and asked my science teacher for help. At last, it worked! Winning the prize makes me happy. I learn that making new things needs time and hard work. I hope you’ll try to make things too. Thank you! 1 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $