内容正文:
专题04 动词、动词短语和情态动词(解析版)
目 录
01 析·考情目标
02 筑·专题框架
03 攻·重难考点
04 测·预测闯关
命题透视
1.从命题形式上看,动词考点分布广泛,包括单项选择题,涉及时态、语态、非谓语、情态动词和动词短语辨析;完形填空题,侧重动词词义辨析及上下文逻辑;完成句子题,主要考查动词短语的固定搭配;短文首字母填空题,考查动词拼写和语境理解。
2.从命题内容上看,动词是短文首字母填空和词汇辨析的核心,包括动词时态(一般现在、一般过去、现在进行、过去进行、现在完成、一般将来);动词语态(主动与被动,尤其一般现在时被动和一般过去时被动);非谓语动词(不定式作宾语、目的状语等);情态动词(表推测、义务、必要性);动词短语,主要是教材重点短语。
热考角度
考点
2025年
2024年
2023年
2022年
2021年
动词
6题
6题
6题
6题
6题
动词短语
3题
4题
4题
4题
4题
情态动词
1题
1题
1题
1题
1题
命题预测
1. 语境化:动词的选择将完全依赖上下文的时间状语、逻辑关系和情感色彩。
2. 综合化:可能在一道题中结合时态与语态,或动词与动词短语的辨析。非谓语动词将继续考查不定式作宾语和目的状语。
3. 题型稳定:单项选择保留时态、语态、非谓语、情态动词、动词短语各1题左右;完形重点考查动词词义辨析;完成句子考查教材动词短语;综合填空考查动词拼写及上下文推理。
4. 高频动词复现:remember, accept, return, realize, care, promise, refuse, check, add, spread, protect等近五年多次出现。
考点一 动词
1.【新情境·语言学习】(2025·天津卷)Chinese ________ by more and more people from foreign countries today.
A. speaks B. spoke C. is spoken D. will speak
【答案】C
【解析】句意:如今汉语被越来越多的外国人使用。
选项辨析:A. speaks(一般现在时主动);B. spoke(一般过去时主动);C. is spoken(一般现在时被动);D. will speak(一般将来时主动)。
推理过程:主语Chinese与动词speak之间是被动关系,且时间状语today表示现在,故用一般现在时被动语态is spoken。故选C。
2,【新情境·校园活动】(2024·天津卷)— Jane and I _________ a picnic this Sunday. Would you like to come with us?
— Sure. See you then.
A. had B. have had C. were having D. are going to have
【答案】D
【解析】句意:——简和我这个周日要去野餐。你愿意和我们一起去吗?——当然。到时候见。
选项辨析:A. had(一般过去时);B. have had(现在完成时);C. were having(过去进行时);D. are going to have(一般将来时)。
推理过程:时间状语this Sunday表示将来,用一般将来时are going to have。故选D。
3.【新情境·艺术】(2023·天津卷)Some photos of the moon ________ in the Space Club next week.
A. shows B. is showing C. were shown D. will be shown
【答案】D
【解析】句意:下周太空俱乐部将展示一些月球的照片。
选项辨析:A. shows(一般现在时主动);B. is showing(现在进行时主动);C. were shown(一般过去时被动);D. will be shown(一般将来时被动)。
推理过程:主语photos与show之间被动,时间next week将来,故用will be shown。故选D。
4.【新情境·帮助】(2022·天津卷)My aunt offered me a dictionary and I ________ it happily.
A. accepted B. invited C. mixed D. grew
【答案】A
【解析】句意:我姑姑给了我一本词典,我高兴地接受了。
选项辨析:A. accepted(接受);B. invited(邀请);C. mixed(混合);D. grew(生长)。
推理过程:别人赠送礼物,应“接受”。accepted符合语境。故选A。
5.【新情境·成长】(2021·天津卷)When I was young, my parents taught me ________ older people kindly.
A. treats B. to treat C. treated D. treat
【答案】B
【解析】句意:当我小的时候,我的父母教我善待老人。
选项辨析:A. treats(第三人称单数);B. to treat(不定式);C. treated(过去式);D. treat(原形)。
推理过程:teach sb. to do sth.教某人做某事,用不定式。故选B。
……
(1)天津中考高频动词时态
时态
时间标志词
结构
真题例句
一般现在时
often, usually, every day, today
do/does; am/is/are
Chinese is spoken today.
一般过去时
yesterday, last week, ago, just now
did; was/were
I accepted it happily.
一般将来时
tomorrow, next week, in the future
will do; am/is/are going to do
We are going to have a picnic this Sunday.
现在进行时
now, at the moment, Look! Listen!
am/is/are doing
She is reading a book now.
过去进行时
at that time, at 8:00 yesterday, when/while
was/were doing
While we were singing, some visitors came.
现在完成时
already, yet, ever, never, since, for+时间段
have/has done
I have learned how to do first aid.
(2)被动语态(天津中考高频)
时态
被动结构
真题
一般现在时
am/is/are + done
Chinese is spoken
一般过去时
was/were + done
He was named “the People’s Artist”
一般将来时
will be + done
Some photos will be shown
情态动词
情态动词 + be + done
The book must be returned
(3)非谓语动词(to do 高频)
用法
常见动词
例句
作宾语
want, hope, decide, learn, agree, plan, offer, teach
My parents taught me to treat others kindly.
作目的状语
to do (为了……)
The government develops plans to protect buildings.
(4)天津中考高频易混动词
词条
含义
用法
例句
accept / receive
接受 / 收到
accept 主观愿意;receive 客观收到
I accepted the gift. / I received a letter.
borrow / lend
借入 / 借出
borrow from; lend to
Can I borrow your pen? / He lent me his bike.
bring / take
带来 / 带走
bring 带到说话处;take 带走
Bring your book here. / Take it home.
say / speak / tell / talk
说
say+内容;speak+语言;tell sb. sth.;talk about
He said hello. / Speak English. / Tell me a story. / Talk to me.
remember / remind
记得 / 提醒
remember to do; remind sb. of sth.
Remember to call me. / Remind me of the time.
realise / recognise
意识到 / 认出
realise 认识到;recognise 认出
I realised my mistake. / I recognised him.
care / worry
关心 / 担心
care about; worry about
He cares about me. / Don’t worry about it.
……
时态混淆:看到yesterday用过去时,next week用将来时,now用现在进行时,不能混用。
主动与被动不分:主语是动作承受者时用被动语态,尤其注意by sb.提示。
非谓语动词搭配错误:enjoy后接doing,want后接to do,make后接原形,需牢记。
不规则动词过去式/分词记错:如begin→began→begun,bring→brought→brought,grow→grew→grown。
情态动词意义混淆:must(必须/一定),can’t(不可能),may(可能),needn’t(不必),shouldn’t(不应该)。
找时间状语:yesterday → 一般过去时;next week → 一般将来时;now → 现在进行时;since 2010 → 现在完成时。
判断主被动:主语与动词之间的关系,主动用主动语态,被动用be+done。
固定搭配记忆:teach sb. to do, want to do, plan to do, decide to do, agree to do。
排除法:先根据时态排除明显错误选项,再根据语义选择最佳答案。
单选题:一般将来时(will do或be going to do)和一般过去时被动语态继续考查。
完形填空:动词词义辨析,如refuse, promise, realise, care, check等。
完成句子:非谓语动词(want to do, learn to do)可能结合短语出现。
首字母填空:动词拼写,如brought, spread, protected, realised。
考点二 动词短语
1.【新情境·健康生活】(2025·天津卷)The Whites like taking exercise, so they ________ every morning.
A. make a list B. lay the table C. make a mistake D. go for a walk
【答案】D
【解析】句意:怀特一家喜欢锻炼,所以他们每天早上散步。
选项辨析:A. make a list(列清单);B. lay the table(摆餐具);C. make a mistake(犯错);D. go for a walk(散步)。
推理过程:根据“taking exercise”可知锻炼身体,散步是锻炼方式。故选D。
2.【新情境·沟通】(2024·天津卷)Email is one of the great ways to _________ friends.
A. take pride in B. keep clear of C. get into the habit of D. stay in touch with
【答案】D
【解析】句意:电子邮件是与朋友保持联系的好方法之一。
选项辨析:A. take pride in(以……为傲);B. keep clear of(避开);C. get into the habit of(养成……习惯);D. stay in touch with(与……保持联系)。
推理过程:电子邮件的作用是保持联系。故选D。
3.【新情境·人际关系】(2023·天津卷)Lisa is a popular monitor. She ________ her classmates and teachers.
A. takes part in B. gets on well with C. gets into trouble with D. keeps clear of
【答案】B
【解析】句意:丽莎是一位受欢迎的班长。她和同学、老师相处得很好。
选项辨析:A. takes part in(参加);B. gets on well with(与……相处融洽);C. gets into trouble with(与……陷入麻烦);D. keeps clear of(避开)。
推理过程:受欢迎的班长应该与人相处融洽。故选B。
4.【新情境·纠错】(2022·天津卷)He thanked me for ________ the mistakes in his homework.
A. going out B. pointing out C. turning on D. putting on
【答案】B
【解析】句意:他感谢我指出他作业中的错误。
选项辨析:A. going out(外出);B. pointing out(指出);C. turning on(打开);D. putting on(穿上)。
推理过程:感谢指出错误,point out符合。故选B。
5.【新情境·计划】(2021·天津卷)I’m ________ things for my trip because I like to get things ready earlier.
A. keeping clear of B. making a list of C. getting on well with D. winning the heart of
【答案】B
【解析】句意:我正在为旅行列清单,因为我喜欢提前把东西准备好。
选项辨析:A. keeping clear of(避开);B. making a list of(列清单);C. getting on well with(相处融洽);D. winning the heart of(赢得……的心)。
推理过程:为旅行做准备,列物品清单合理。故选B。
(1)天津中考高频动词短语分类
类别
动词短语
含义
真题年份
日常活动
go for a walk
去散步
2025
make a list of
列清单
2021
have dinner
吃晚饭
2025
get up
起床
2023
tidy up
整理
2021
人际交往
stay in touch with
保持联系
2024
get on well with
相处融洽
2023
make friends
交朋友
2022
ask for
请求
2021
学习与纠错
point out
指出
2022
look up
查阅
2022
take part in
参加
2024
come out
出版;出来
2024
其他
turn on
打开
2024
put on
穿上;增加
2021
go back
回去
2023
stand up
起立
2022
pick up
捡起;拿起
2023
(2)易混动词短语辨析
易混组
短语
含义
区分
①
put on
穿上
强调动作
wear
穿着
强调状态
②
look up
查阅
查找信息
look for
寻找
寻找物品
look after
照顾
照料
③
take part in
参加
参加活动
join
加入
加入组织/人群
④
turn on
打开(电器)
对应turn off
open
打开(门/窗)
对应close
⑤
point out
指出
指出错误/问题
point to
指向
指着方向
介词/副词搭配错误:look up不能写成look on;point out不能写成point at。
混淆意义:take part in与join;put on与wear;look up与look for。
及物与不及物:look at必须带宾语;come out不及物,无被动。
完成句子中动词短语的时态:注意根据上下文使用正确的动词形式(过去式、第三人称单数等)。
根据上下文语境:遇到动词短语题,先理解句意,再匹配最合理的短语。
区分字面意思与引申义:point out(指出)不是“指出去”;stay in touch不是“停留在触摸中”。
固定搭配记忆法:将短语放入完整句子中记忆,如I get on well with my classmates.
代入法:将每个短语代入句子,看语义是否通顺。
……
单选题继续考查1道动词短语辨析,可能涉及take part in, stay in touch with, get on well with等。
完成句子中可能考查go for a walk, make friends, look up, point out, put on等。
注意动词短语与代词连用时,代词要放在动词和副词之间(如pick it up,turn it on)。
考点三 情态动词
1.【新情境·告知信息】(2025·天津卷)You ________ tell Jim the good news because I’ve told him already.
A. need B. needn’t C. can D. can’t
【答案】B
【解析】句意:你不必告诉吉姆这个好消息,因为我已经告诉他了。
选项辨析:A. need(需要);B. needn’t(不必);C. can(能够);D. can’t(不能)。
推理过程:已经告诉过了,所以不必再说。needn’t表示“不必”。故选B。
2.【新情境·可能性】(2024·天津卷)It _________ be the only way to solve the problem. There are other choices.
A. may not B. mustn’t C. need D. should
【答案】A
【解析】句意:这可能不是解决问题的唯一方法。还有其他选择。
选项辨析:A. may not(可能不);B. mustn’t(禁止);C. need(需要);D. should(应该)。
推理过程:还有其他选择,说明“可能不是”唯一方式。may not表推测。故选A。
3.【新情境·拒绝邀请】(2023·天津卷)—Would you like to visit Tianjin University tomorrow?
—Sorry, I’m afraid I ________. I’ll work as a volunteer in my community.
A. can B. can’t C. must D. mustn’t
【答案】B
【解析】句意:——明天你想去参观天津大学吗?——对不起,恐怕我不能。我将在社区做志愿者。
选项辨析:A. can(能);B. can’t(不能);C. must(必须);D. mustn’t(禁止)。
推理过程:因有其他安排,所以不能去。can’t表示能力上不能。故选B。
4.【新情境·推测】(2022·天津卷)The book ________ be Mary’s. We can see her name on it.
A. need B. must C. can’t D. needn’t
【答案】B
【解析】句意:这本书一定是玛丽的。我们可以在上面看到她的名字。
选项辨析:A. need(需要);B. must(一定);C. can’t(不可能);D. needn’t(不必)。
推理过程:有名字,所以肯定是她的。must表示肯定推测。故选B。
5.【新情境·规则】(2021·天津卷)People ________ talk on a mobile phone while they are driving.
A. shouldn’t B. needn’t C. must D. can
【答案】A
【解析】句意:人们不应该在开车时打电话。
选项辨析:A. shouldn’t(不应该);B. needn’t(不必);C. must(必须);D. can(能够)。
推理过程:开车打电话是危险行为,应“不应该”。故选A。
(1)情态动词意义与用法
情态动词
肯定意义
否定意义
真题用法
can
能,可以
can’t 不能;不可能
2023 can’t(不能)
could
可以(委婉)
couldn’t 不能
—
may
可以;可能
may not 可能不
2024 may not(可能不)
must
必须;一定
mustn’t 禁止
2022 must(一定)
need
需要
needn’t 不必
2025 needn’t(不必)
should
应该
shouldn’t 不应该
2021 shouldn’t(不应该)
(2)情态动词表推测
肯定推测
否定推测
疑问推测
must(一定)
can’t(不可能)
Can...?
may/might(可能)
may not/might not(可能不)
—
could(可能)
couldn’t(不可能)
—
(3)易错点
mustn’t表示“禁止”,不是“不必”;“不必”用needn’t。
can’t表示“不可能”或“不能”,根据语境区分。
may not表示“可能不”,不是“不可以”。
must表示推测时只用于肯定句,否定用can’t。
混淆mustn’t与needn’t:mustn’t是禁止,needn’t是不必。
混淆can’t与may not:can’t表示不可能(90%以上把握),may not表示可能不(50%把握)。
回答Must I...?:肯定回答用Yes, you must.;否定回答用No, you needn’t.或No, you don’t have to.
看语境:表示“义务”用must/should;表示“许可”用can/may;表示“推测”用must/can’t/may。
看语气强弱:must最强(一定),may较弱(可能),could更弱。
固定句型:You needn’t worry.(不必担心);You mustn’t smoke here.(禁止吸烟)。
……
单选题第4-8题位置考查情态动词,可能涉及may not(可能不)、can’t(不可能)、must(一定)、needn’t(不必)。
语境可能围绕“推测”“义务”“建议”等,结合日常生活场景。
一、单项选择(20题)
1. 【新情境·校园活动】(2026·天津预测)Our school ________ a sports meeting next Friday.
A. holds B. held C. will hold D. was holding
【答案】C
【解析】句意:我们学校下周五将举行运动会。时间状语next Friday表示将来,用一般将来时will hold。故选C。
2. 【新角度·被动语态】(2026·天津预测)The new library ________ last year.
A. built B. was built C. is built D. will be built
【答案】B
【解析】句意:新图书馆是去年建成的。主语library与build被动,时间last year过去时,用一般过去时被动was built。故选B。
3. 【新情境·建议】(2026·天津预测)You ________ eat too much junk food. It’s bad for your health.
A. needn’t B. may not C. shouldn’t D. can
【答案】C
【解析】句意:你不应该吃太多垃圾食品。它对健康有害。表示建议“不应该”用shouldn’t。故选C。
4. 【新情境·交通】(2026·天津预测)— Must I finish my homework now?
— No, you ________. You can do it tomorrow.
A. mustn’t B. needn’t C. can’t D. may not
【答案】B
【解析】句意:——我必须现在完成作业吗?——不,你不必。你可以明天做。回答Must I...?否定用needn’t。故选B。
5. 【新角度·动词短语】(2026·天津预测)Please ________ the new words in the dictionary if you don’t know them.
A. look up B. look for C. look after D. look at
【答案】A
【解析】句意:如果你不认识这些新单词,请在字典里查阅。look up查阅。故选A。
6. 【新情境·志愿者】(2026·天津预测)He ________ a lot of money to the poor children last year.
A. gave away B. gave up C. gave out D. gave in
【答案】A
【解析】句意:去年他捐了很多钱给贫困儿童。give away捐赠。故选A。
7. 【新角度·时态】(2026·天津预测)— Where is Tom?
— He ________ basketball on the playground.
A. plays B. played C. is playing D. will play
【答案】C
【解析】句意:——汤姆在哪里?——他正在操场上打篮球。询问现在位置,动作正在进行,用现在进行时is playing。故选C。
8. 【新情境·被动】(2026·天津预测)The old bridge ________ next month.
A. is repaired B. was repaired C. will be repaired D. repaired
【答案】C
【解析】句意:这座旧桥下个月将被修缮。主语bridge与repair被动,时间next month将来,用一般将来时被动will be repaired。故选C。
9. 【新角度·情态动词】(2026·天津预测)The man ________ be our new teacher. I saw him in the office just now.
A. must B. can C. need D. may
【答案】A
【解析】句意:那个人一定是我们的新老师。我刚才在办公室看见他了。有证据的肯定推测用must。故选A。
10. 【新情境·动词短语】(2026·天津预测)I ________ with my classmates very well. We are good friends.
A. get up B. get on C. get off D. get to
【答案】B
【解析】句意:我和同学们相处得很好。我们是好朋友。get on with sb.与某人相处。故选B。
11. 【新角度·时态】(2026·天津预测)She ________ a new bike yesterday.
A. buy B. buys C. bought D. will buy
【答案】C
【解析】句意:她昨天买了一辆新自行车。yesterday一般过去时,buy过去式bought。故选C。
12. 【新情境·被动】(2026·天津预测)The song ________ by many children around the world.
A. sings B. is sung C. sang D. was sung
【答案】B
【解析】句意:这首歌被全世界许多孩子传唱。描述一般事实,用一般现在时被动is sung。故选B。
13. 【新角度·动词短语】(2026·天津预测)Please ________ the lights when you leave the room.
A. turn on B. turn off C. turn up D. turn down
【答案】B
【解析】句意:离开房间时请关灯。turn off关闭。故选B。
14. 【新情境·情态动词】(2026·天津预测)You ________ take photos in the museum. It’s not allowed.
A. needn’t B. may not C. mustn’t D. shouldn’t
【答案】C
【解析】句意:你禁止在博物馆拍照。不允许。mustn’t表示禁止。故选C。
15. 【新角度·时态】(2026·天津预测)— I called you at 8:00 last night, but no one answered.
— Oh, I ________ a shower at that time.
A. took B. was taking C. have taken D. will take
【答案】B
【解析】句意:——我昨晚8点给你打电话,但没人接。——哦,那时我正在洗澡。过去某一时刻正在进行的动作,用过去进行时was taking。故选B。
16. 【新情境·动词短语】(2026·天津预测)My brother wants to ________ the swimming club.
A. take part in B. join C. attend D. enter
【答案】B
【解析】句意:我的弟弟想加入游泳俱乐部。加入组织用join;take part in参加活动;attend出席。故选B。
17. 【新角度·情态动词】(2026·天津预测)— ________ I hand in my report today?
— No, you needn’t. You can give it to me tomorrow.
A. Must B. Can C. May D. Need
【答案】A
【解析】句意:——我必须今天交报告吗?——不,你不必。你可以明天给我。Must I...?否定回答用needn’t。故选A。
18. 【新情境·非谓语】(2026·天津预测)The teacher told us ________ more books.
A. read B. reading C. to read D. reads
【答案】C
【解析】句意:老师告诉我们要多读书。tell sb. to do sth.告诉某人做某事。故选C。
19. 【新角度·时态】(2026·天津预测)By the time I got to the station, the train ________.
A. left B. has left C. had left D. would leave
【答案】C
【解析】句意:当我到达车站时,火车已经开走了。“到达”是过去时,“离开”发生在“到达”之前,用过去完成时had left。故选C。
20. 【新情境·动词短语】(2026·天津预测)Don’t ________. Your dream will come true one day.
A. give up B. give in C. give away D. give out
【答案】A
【解析】句意:不要放弃。你的梦想总有一天会实现。give up放弃。故选A。
二、完成句子(10题)
1. 我们应该养成早睡早起的好习惯。
We should ________ ________ ________ ________ getting up early.
【答案】get into the habit of
2. 他主动提出帮助我学习数学。
He ________ ________ help me with my maths.
【答案】offered to
3. 请把这本书传给下一个人。
Please ________ ________ the book to the next person.
【答案】pass on
4. 他们昨天拆除了那座旧房子。
They ________ ________ the old house yesterday.
【答案】tore down
5. 她最终实现了自己的梦想。
She ________ her dream ________ ________ at last.
【答案】made; come true
6. 我们必须尽快想出解决方案。
We must ________ ________ with a solution as soon as possible.
【答案】come up
7. 他错过火车是因为起晚了。
He missed the train because he ________ ________ late.
【答案】got up
8. 这部电影让我想起了我的童年。
The film ________ me ________ my childhood.
【答案】reminded; of
9. 请把垃圾扔掉。
Please ________ ________ the rubbish.
【答案】throw away
10. 他宁愿待在家里也不愿去派对。
He ________ ________ stay at home than go to the party.
【答案】would rather
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专题04 动词、动词短语和情态动词(原卷版)
目 录
01 析·考情目标
02 筑·专题框架
03 攻·重难考点
04 测·预测闯关
命题透视
1.从命题形式上看,动词考点分布广泛,包括单项选择题,涉及时态、语态、非谓语、情态动词和动词短语辨析;完形填空题,侧重动词词义辨析及上下文逻辑;完成句子题,主要考查动词短语的固定搭配;短文首字母填空题,考查动词拼写和语境理解。
2.从命题内容上看,动词是短文首字母填空和词汇辨析的核心,包括动词时态(一般现在、一般过去、现在进行、过去进行、现在完成、一般将来);动词语态(主动与被动,尤其一般现在时被动和一般过去时被动);非谓语动词(不定式作宾语、目的状语等);情态动词(表推测、义务、必要性);动词短语,主要是教材重点短语。
热考角度
考点
2025年
2024年
2023年
2022年
2021年
动词
6题
6题
6题
6题
6题
动词短语
3题
4题
4题
4题
4题
情态动词
1题
1题
1题
1题
1题
命题预测
1. 语境化:动词的选择将完全依赖上下文的时间状语、逻辑关系和情感色彩。
2. 综合化:可能在一道题中结合时态与语态,或动词与动词短语的辨析。非谓语动词将继续考查不定式作宾语和目的状语。
3. 题型稳定:单项选择保留时态、语态、非谓语、情态动词、动词短语各1题左右;完形重点考查动词词义辨析;完成句子考查教材动词短语;综合填空考查动词拼写及上下文推理。
4. 高频动词复现:remember, accept, return, realize, care, promise, refuse, check, add, spread, protect等近五年多次出现。
考点一 动词
1.【新情境·语言学习】(2025·天津卷)Chinese ________ by more and more people from foreign countries today.
A. speaks B. spoke C. is spoken D. will speak
2,【新情境·校园活动】(2024·天津卷)— Jane and I _________ a picnic this Sunday. Would you like to come with us?
— Sure. See you then.
A. had B. have had C. were having D. are going to have
3.【新情境·艺术】(2023·天津卷)Some photos of the moon ________ in the Space Club next week.
A. shows B. is showing C. were shown D. will be shown
4.【新情境·帮助】(2022·天津卷)My aunt offered me a dictionary and I ________ it happily.
A. accepted B. invited C. mixed D. grew
5.【新情境·成长】(2021·天津卷)When I was young, my parents taught me ________ older people kindly.
A. treats B. to treat C. treated D. treat
……
(1)天津中考高频动词时态
时态
时间标志词
结构
真题例句
一般现在时
often, usually, every day, today
do/does; am/is/are
Chinese is spoken today.
一般过去时
yesterday, last week, ago, just now
did; was/were
I accepted it happily.
一般将来时
tomorrow, next week, in the future
will do; am/is/are going to do
We are going to have a picnic this Sunday.
现在进行时
now, at the moment, Look! Listen!
am/is/are doing
She is reading a book now.
过去进行时
at that time, at 8:00 yesterday, when/while
was/were doing
While we were singing, some visitors came.
现在完成时
already, yet, ever, never, since, for+时间段
have/has done
I have learned how to do first aid.
(2)被动语态(天津中考高频)
时态
被动结构
真题
一般现在时
am/is/are + done
Chinese is spoken
一般过去时
was/were + done
He was named “the People’s Artist”
一般将来时
will be + done
Some photos will be shown
情态动词
情态动词 + be + done
The book must be returned
(3)非谓语动词(to do 高频)
用法
常见动词
例句
作宾语
want, hope, decide, learn, agree, plan, offer, teach
My parents taught me to treat others kindly.
作目的状语
to do (为了……)
The government develops plans to protect buildings.
(4)天津中考高频易混动词
词条
含义
用法
例句
accept / receive
接受 / 收到
accept 主观愿意;receive 客观收到
I accepted the gift. / I received a letter.
borrow / lend
借入 / 借出
borrow from; lend to
Can I borrow your pen? / He lent me his bike.
bring / take
带来 / 带走
bring 带到说话处;take 带走
Bring your book here. / Take it home.
say / speak / tell / talk
说
say+内容;speak+语言;tell sb. sth.;talk about
He said hello. / Speak English. / Tell me a story. / Talk to me.
remember / remind
记得 / 提醒
remember to do; remind sb. of sth.
Remember to call me. / Remind me of the time.
realise / recognise
意识到 / 认出
realise 认识到;recognise 认出
I realised my mistake. / I recognised him.
care / worry
关心 / 担心
care about; worry about
He cares about me. / Don’t worry about it.
……
时态混淆:看到yesterday用过去时,next week用将来时,now用现在进行时,不能混用。
主动与被动不分:主语是动作承受者时用被动语态,尤其注意by sb.提示。
非谓语动词搭配错误:enjoy后接doing,want后接to do,make后接原形,需牢记。
不规则动词过去式/分词记错:如begin→began→begun,bring→brought→brought,grow→grew→grown。
情态动词意义混淆:must(必须/一定),can’t(不可能),may(可能),needn’t(不必),shouldn’t(不应该)。
找时间状语:yesterday → 一般过去时;next week → 一般将来时;now → 现在进行时;since 2010 → 现在完成时。
判断主被动:主语与动词之间的关系,主动用主动语态,被动用be+done。
固定搭配记忆:teach sb. to do, want to do, plan to do, decide to do, agree to do。
排除法:先根据时态排除明显错误选项,再根据语义选择最佳答案。
单选题:一般将来时(will do或be going to do)和一般过去时被动语态继续考查。
完形填空:动词词义辨析,如refuse, promise, realise, care, check等。
完成句子:非谓语动词(want to do, learn to do)可能结合短语出现。
首字母填空:动词拼写,如brought, spread, protected, realised。
考点二 动词短语
1.【新情境·健康生活】(2025·天津卷)The Whites like taking exercise, so they ________ every morning.
A. make a list B. lay the table C. make a mistake D. go for a walk
2.【新情境·沟通】(2024·天津卷)Email is one of the great ways to _________ friends.
A. take pride in B. keep clear of C. get into the habit of D. stay in touch with
3.【新情境·人际关系】(2023·天津卷)Lisa is a popular monitor. She ________ her classmates and teachers.
A. takes part in B. gets on well with C. gets into trouble with D. keeps clear of
4.【新情境·纠错】(2022·天津卷)He thanked me for ________ the mistakes in his homework.
A. going out B. pointing out C. turning on D. putting on
5.【新情境·计划】(2021·天津卷)I’m ________ things for my trip because I like to get things ready earlier.
A. keeping clear of B. making a list of C. getting on well with D. winning the heart of
(1)天津中考高频动词短语分类
类别
动词短语
含义
真题年份
日常活动
go for a walk
去散步
2025
make a list of
列清单
2021
have dinner
吃晚饭
2025
get up
起床
2023
tidy up
整理
2021
人际交往
stay in touch with
保持联系
2024
get on well with
相处融洽
2023
make friends
交朋友
2022
ask for
请求
2021
学习与纠错
point out
指出
2022
look up
查阅
2022
take part in
参加
2024
come out
出版;出来
2024
其他
turn on
打开
2024
put on
穿上;增加
2021
go back
回去
2023
stand up
起立
2022
pick up
捡起;拿起
2023
(2)易混动词短语辨析
易混组
短语
含义
区分
①
put on
穿上
强调动作
wear
穿着
强调状态
②
look up
查阅
查找信息
look for
寻找
寻找物品
look after
照顾
照料
③
take part in
参加
参加活动
join
加入
加入组织/人群
④
turn on
打开(电器)
对应turn off
open
打开(门/窗)
对应close
⑤
point out
指出
指出错误/问题
point to
指向
指着方向
介词/副词搭配错误:look up不能写成look on;point out不能写成point at。
混淆意义:take part in与join;put on与wear;look up与look for。
及物与不及物:look at必须带宾语;come out不及物,无被动。
完成句子中动词短语的时态:注意根据上下文使用正确的动词形式(过去式、第三人称单数等)。
根据上下文语境:遇到动词短语题,先理解句意,再匹配最合理的短语。
区分字面意思与引申义:point out(指出)不是“指出去”;stay in touch不是“停留在触摸中”。
固定搭配记忆法:将短语放入完整句子中记忆,如I get on well with my classmates.
代入法:将每个短语代入句子,看语义是否通顺。
……
单选题继续考查1道动词短语辨析,可能涉及take part in, stay in touch with, get on well with等。
完成句子中可能考查go for a walk, make friends, look up, point out, put on等。
注意动词短语与代词连用时,代词要放在动词和副词之间(如pick it up,turn it on)。
考点三 情态动词
1.【新情境·告知信息】(2025·天津卷)You ________ tell Jim the good news because I’ve told him already.
A. need B. needn’t C. can D. can’t
2.【新情境·可能性】(2024·天津卷)It _________ be the only way to solve the problem. There are other choices.
A. may not B. mustn’t C. need D. should
3.【新情境·拒绝邀请】(2023·天津卷)—Would you like to visit Tianjin University tomorrow?
—Sorry, I’m afraid I ________. I’ll work as a volunteer in my community.
A. can B. can’t C. must D. mustn’t
4.【新情境·推测】(2022·天津卷)The book ________ be Mary’s. We can see her name on it.
A. need B. must C. can’t D. needn’t
5.【新情境·规则】(2021·天津卷)People ________ talk on a mobile phone while they are driving.
A. shouldn’t B. needn’t C. must D. can
(1)情态动词意义与用法
情态动词
肯定意义
否定意义
真题用法
can
能,可以
can’t 不能;不可能
2023 can’t(不能)
could
可以(委婉)
couldn’t 不能
—
may
可以;可能
may not 可能不
2024 may not(可能不)
must
必须;一定
mustn’t 禁止
2022 must(一定)
need
需要
needn’t 不必
2025 needn’t(不必)
should
应该
shouldn’t 不应该
2021 shouldn’t(不应该)
(2)情态动词表推测
肯定推测
否定推测
疑问推测
must(一定)
can’t(不可能)
Can...?
may/might(可能)
may not/might not(可能不)
—
could(可能)
couldn’t(不可能)
—
(3)易错点
mustn’t表示“禁止”,不是“不必”;“不必”用needn’t。
can’t表示“不可能”或“不能”,根据语境区分。
may not表示“可能不”,不是“不可以”。
must表示推测时只用于肯定句,否定用can’t。
混淆mustn’t与needn’t:mustn’t是禁止,needn’t是不必。
混淆can’t与may not:can’t表示不可能(90%以上把握),may not表示可能不(50%把握)。
回答Must I...?:肯定回答用Yes, you must.;否定回答用No, you needn’t.或No, you don’t have to.
看语境:表示“义务”用must/should;表示“许可”用can/may;表示“推测”用must/can’t/may。
看语气强弱:must最强(一定),may较弱(可能),could更弱。
固定句型:You needn’t worry.(不必担心);You mustn’t smoke here.(禁止吸烟)。
……
单选题第4-8题位置考查情态动词,可能涉及may not(可能不)、can’t(不可能)、must(一定)、needn’t(不必)。
语境可能围绕“推测”“义务”“建议”等,结合日常生活场景。
一、单项选择(20题)
1. 【新情境·校园活动】(2026·天津预测)Our school ________ a sports meeting next Friday.
A. holds B. held C. will hold D. was holding
2. 【新角度·被动语态】(2026·天津预测)The new library ________ last year.
A. built B. was built C. is built D. will be built
3. 【新情境·建议】(2026·天津预测)You ________ eat too much junk food. It’s bad for your health.
A. needn’t B. may not C. shouldn’t D. can
4. 【新情境·交通】(2026·天津预测)— Must I finish my homework now?
— No, you ________. You can do it tomorrow.
A. mustn’t B. needn’t C. can’t D. may not
5. 【新角度·动词短语】(2026·天津预测)Please ________ the new words in the dictionary if you don’t know them.
A. look up B. look for C. look after D. look at
6. 【新情境·志愿者】(2026·天津预测)He ________ a lot of money to the poor children last year.
A. gave away B. gave up C. gave out D. gave in
7. 【新角度·时态】(2026·天津预测)— Where is Tom?
— He ________ basketball on the playground.
A. plays B. played C. is playing D. will play
8. 【新情境·被动】(2026·天津预测)The old bridge ________ next month.
A. is repaired B. was repaired C. will be repaired D. repaired
9. 【新角度·情态动词】(2026·天津预测)The man ________ be our new teacher. I saw him in the office just now.
A. must B. can C. need D. may
10. 【新情境·动词短语】(2026·天津预测)I ________ with my classmates very well. We are good friends.
A. get up B. get on C. get off D. get to
11. 【新角度·时态】(2026·天津预测)She ________ a new bike yesterday.
A. buy B. buys C. bought D. will buy
12. 【新情境·被动】(2026·天津预测)The song ________ by many children around the world.
A. sings B. is sung C. sang D. was sung
13. 【新角度·动词短语】(2026·天津预测)Please ________ the lights when you leave the room.
A. turn on B. turn off C. turn up D. turn down
14. 【新情境·情态动词】(2026·天津预测)You ________ take photos in the museum. It’s not allowed.
A. needn’t B. may not C. mustn’t D. shouldn’t
15. 【新角度·时态】(2026·天津预测)— I called you at 8:00 last night, but no one answered.
— Oh, I ________ a shower at that time.
A. took B. was taking C. have taken D. will take
16. 【新情境·动词短语】(2026·天津预测)My brother wants to ________ the swimming club.
A. take part in B. join C. attend D. enter
17. 【新角度·情态动词】(2026·天津预测)— ________ I hand in my report today?
— No, you needn’t. You can give it to me tomorrow.
A. Must B. Can C. May D. Need
18. 【新情境·非谓语】(2026·天津预测)The teacher told us ________ more books.
A. read B. reading C. to read D. reads
19. 【新角度·时态】(2026·天津预测)By the time I got to the station, the train ________.
A. left B. has left C. had left D. would leave
20. 【新情境·动词短语】(2026·天津预测)Don’t ________. Your dream will come true one day.
A. give up B. give in C. give away D. give out
二、完成句子(10题)
1. 我们应该养成早睡早起的好习惯。
We should ________ ________ ________ ________ getting up early.
2. 他主动提出帮助我学习数学。
He ________ ________ help me with my maths.
3. 请把这本书传给下一个人。
Please ________ ________ the book to the next person.
4. 他们昨天拆除了那座旧房子。
They ________ ________ the old house yesterday.
5. 她最终实现了自己的梦想。
She ________ her dream ________ ________ at last.
6. 我们必须尽快想出解决方案。
We must ________ ________ with a solution as soon as possible.
7. 他错过火车是因为起晚了。
He missed the train because he ________ ________ late.
8. 这部电影让我想起了我的童年。
The film ________ me ________ my childhood.
9. 请把垃圾扔掉。
Please ________ ________ the rubbish.
10. 他宁愿待在家里也不愿去派对。
He ________ ________ stay at home than go to the party.
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