内容正文:
2026陕西中考·英语
温馨提示:点击内容可跳转至相应页面。
(1~6分)
专题十 构词法
重点语法分点过
语法知识理重点
1
2
3
语法专题情境练
2026陕西中考 英语
2026陕西中考 英语
合成法
由两个或两个以上的词合成一个新词,这种构词法叫作合成法。
类别 构成方法 举例
复合名词 名词+名词 classroom;weekend
形容词+名词 blackboard;midnight
名词+动词 sunrise;sunset
复合形容词 名词+形容词 worldwide;homesick
名词+分词 man-made;heartbroken
形容词+名词 part-time;long-distance
形容词+分词 warm-hearted
2026陕西中考 英语
类别 构成方法 举例
复合动词 副词+动词 overcome;download
复合数词 数词+数词 fifty-four;twenty-two
复合代词 代词/限定词+名词 somebody;nothing
复合副词 副词+名词 indoors;downstairs
2026陕西中考 英语
派生法(6年14考)
在一个单词前面或后面加上一个词缀构成新词,这种构词法叫作派生法。加在单词前的词缀叫前缀,加在后面的词缀叫后缀。
▶常见前缀
前缀 含义 举例
un- 不;非(表否定) unlucky[2022.63]
dis- 不;非(表否定) disagree;dishonest
im-/in- 不;非(表否定) impossible;incorrect
mis- 错误地(表否定) misunderstand
2026陕西中考 英语
前缀 含义 举例
inter- 相互;交互;在一起 interview;Internet
re- 又;再;重新 review;return
bi- 两个;双边的 bicycle
tele- 远 telephone;television
en- 使……处于某种状态 enable;enrich
2026陕西中考 英语
▶常见后缀
功能 后缀 举例
构成名词 -or/-(e)r actor;driver
-ian/-ist musician;artist
-ese Chinese;Japanese
-ion/-tion connection[2025.69];invitation
-ment development[2023.63];agreement
-ing meeting;meaning
-ness sadness;kindness
-th/-ty warmth;safety
2026陕西中考 英语
功能 后缀 举例
构成
形容词 -ful successful[2022.68];beautiful
-y noisy[2023.65];funny
-ing boring;exciting
-d/-ed surprised;relaxed
-al traditional[2024.68];natural
-able/-ible comfortable;possible
-less endless[2023.70, 2021.70];helpless
-ly friendly;lovely
-ive active;expensive
2026陕西中考 英语
功能 后缀 举例
构成形
容词 -ous dangerous;famous
-ern eastern;western
-en golden;wooden
构成副词 -ly usually[2025.66];rapidly[2024.69];easily[2023.67];finally[2022.67];
unluckily[2021.61];widely[2020.61];
slowly;quickly;really
2026陕西中考 英语
转化法
一个单词由一种词类转换为另一种词类,这种构词法叫转化法。单词转化后的意义往往与之前的意义联系密切。
转化 举例
名词转化为动词 water n.水→water v.浇水
名词转化为形容词 right n.右边→right adj.对的
动词转化为名词 walk v.散步;走→walk n.散步
形容词转化为动词 slow adj.慢的→slow v.放慢
副词转化为形容词 hard adv.努力→hard adj.困难的
2026陕西中考 英语
缩写和简写(6年1考)
缩写和简写(也被称为截断法或缩短法)主要采取“截头”“去尾”或者“既截头又去尾”的方法来生成新词。另外,还有很多缩写词是由各个单词的首字母组成。
构成方法 举例
截断法 截头 telephone→phone;airplane→plane
去尾 laboratory→lab;advertisement→ad
既截头又去尾 influenza→flu
首字母缩短法 physical education→PE/P.E.[2023.56];
compact disk→CD
2026陕西中考 英语
Ⅰ. 短文填空基础题
quiet decide agree kind
1.Sometimes brothers or sisters may ___________ with each other, but they still care about each other.
2.Our head teacher always told us to think twice before making a quick ____________.
3.The act of ___________ from the stranger warmed my heart on the cold winter day.
4.We often see her doing her homework _________ at break time.
disagree
decision
kindness
quietly
2026陕西中考 英语
Ⅱ. 完成句子
1.[2023陕西56]我们的体育老师对同学们很友好。
Our __________ teacher is very friendly to students.
2.李先生在当地电视台工作了许多年。
Mr. Li has worked in the local ________ station for many years.
3. 如果你想去陕西省美术博物馆,别忘了带上你的身份证。
Don’t forget to take your _________ with you if you want to go to Shaanxi Province Art Museum.
PE/P.E.
TV
ID card
2026陕西中考 英语
Ⅲ. 短文填空
人与自然——自然生态
farm color fun correct science health
A sweet potato is always orange, right? No, it’s 1.__________! Some are dark red. Some are as yellow as a lemon. Let’s read about others.
A sweet potato starts out orange. But the 2._______ may mix many kinds of potatoes together. This can make them turn red. The 3.__________ can add different colors to the crops(农作物) to change their color, too.
incorrect
farmer
scientist
2026陕西中考 英语
Carrots are full of vitamin A, which helps your eyes stay strong. Have you ever seen a purple carrot? It may look 4.________. But it has extra vitamins!
People now can grow orange cauliflowers(花椰菜). These cauliflowers have 25 times more vitamin A than white ones. Cauliflowers can also be purple, yellow, and green. They are 5.____________ food.
farm color fun correct science health
funny
healthy
2026陕西中考 英语
All these 6.____________ vegetables are not only pretty but also good for your health. Which color vegetable would you like to eat?
——素材选自 TIME for Kids
farm color fun correct science health
colorful
请完成《分层作业》(P67)中的习题
$