Unit 7 Charities（复习讲义）英语新教材译林版八年级下册

Unit 7 Charities（复习讲义) 单词 ____________adj.医疗的 ____________n.(=____________)组织 ____________ n.嘴唇 ____________ n.采访者 ____________ n.十亿 ____________vt.治好(疾病);治愈；n.药物，疗法 ____________n.治疗 _________n.目的，目标；vt.&vi.力争做到；旨在 ____________ n.病人 ____________vt.能做，买得起 _______vi.得益于，得利于；n.优势，益处，成效 ____________n.一场 ____________vi.动手术 ____________vt.医治；把…视为 ____________n.采访，访谈；面试 ____________adj.感激的 ____________n.黑暗 ____________vt.使失明 ____________n.增加；增加物 ____________ adv.直接 ____________vt.&vi.培训，训练 ____________ n.传单，小册子 ___________ n.捍卫者，声援者，拥护者；冠军 ____________n.权利 ____________n.进步，进展 ____________n.病毒 ____________ n.战争；斗争 ____________adj.有影响力的 短语 ____________帮助有需要的人 ____________全世界 ____________医疗志愿者 ____________给某人提供某物 ____________免费手术 ____________遭受；患（病） ____________在飞机上 ____________眼部问题 ____________医疗救治 ____________失去希望 ____________错失机会 ____________追求梦想 ____________被动语态 ____________医疗保健 ____________处于困境中 ____________去看病 ____________眼睛保健 ____________(给…)做手术 ____________继续做 ____________除…以外(还) ____________分发 句型 1. Many charities ____________help people in need. 许多慈善机构被创立来帮助有需要的人。 2. Help and support can ____________. 帮助与支持能移山。 3. It provides them with ____________and ____________. 它为他们提供免费手术和医疗护理。 4. Orbis uses its plane t____________. 奥比斯组织用它的飞机前往贫困地区。 5. Millions of children____________ lip problems. 数百万儿童生来就有唇部问题。 6. I ____________ go to hospital, and I was losing hope. 我没钱去医院，并且快要失去希望了。 7. My aim is____________ a charity like Orbis. 我的目标是为像奥比斯这样的慈善机构工作。 8. We use the passive voice when the action is____________the person. 当动作比执行者更重要时，我们使用被动语态。 9. Save the Children____________ in 1919. 救助儿童会成立于1919年。 10. UNICEF was set up in 1946 by the UN to help children____________. 联合国儿童基金会于1946年由联合国成立，以帮助困境中的儿童。 11. It provides ____________, education and____________to children. 它为儿童提供干净的水和食物、教育以及医疗保健。 12. She____________the farm all day and could not read or write. 她过去整天在农场干活，不会读写。 语法 一般现在时与一般过去时被动语态 写作 撰写一份关于某个慈善机构工作的报告 单元考点：单词、短语、句型 Part 1重点词汇与短语 1.cure v. 治愈；n. 疗法 【用法回顾】 v. cure sb. of sth. 治愈某人的某种疾病 n. a cure for… 治疗……的方法/药物 【搭配回顾】cure diseases 治病；a cure for blindness 治盲的方法 【用法示例】 The medicine can cure many kinds of illnesses.（这种药能治好多种疾病。） Scientists are looking for a cure for the virus.（科学家正在寻找这种病毒的疗法。） 2.treat v. 医治；对待 【用法回顾】 treat sb. for sth. 为某人治疗某种病 treat…as… 把……当作…… 【搭配回顾】treat patients 治疗病人；treat…kindly 友好对待 【用法示例】 The doctor is treating him for a fever.（医生正在为他治疗发烧。） We should treat everyone with respect.（我们应该尊重地对待每个人。） 3. operate v. 动手术；操作 【用法回顾】 operate on sb. 给某人动手术（固定搭配，必须加on） 【搭配回顾】operate on a patient 给病人动手术；do an operation 做手术 【用法示例】 The doctor will operate on his eyes tomorrow.（医生明天将给他的眼睛做手术。） They successfully operated on the little girl.（他们成功地给这个小女孩做了手术。） 4. afford v. 负担得起；能做 【用法回顾】 afford to do sth. 负担得起做某事 常与 can/could/be able to 连用 【搭配回顾】afford medical treatment 负担得起治疗 【用法示例】 He can’t afford to buy a new house.（他买不起新房子。） We can’t afford to waste time.（我们浪费不起时间。） 5. train v. 培训；训练 【用法回顾】 train sb. to do sth. 训练某人做某事 be trained for… 为……接受培训 【搭配回顾】train volunteers 培训志愿者；receive training 接受培训 【用法示例】 They train students to be doctors.（他们培养学生成为医生。） She is training for the sports meeting.（她正在为运动会训练。） 6. grateful adj. 感激的 【用法回顾】 be grateful to sb. for sth. 因某事感激某人 【搭配回顾】feel grateful 感到感激；be grateful for help 感激帮助 【用法示例】 I am grateful to you for your help.（我感激你的帮助。） She is grateful for the chance to study here.（她很感激能有在这里学习的机会。） 7. medical adj. 医疗的 【用法回顾】修饰与医疗、医学相关的名词。 【搭配回顾】medical treatment 治疗；medical care 医疗护理 【用法示例】 He needs immediate medical help.（他需要立即的医疗救助。） This hospital has good medical equipment.（这家医院有良好的医疗设备。） 8. influential adj. 有影响力的 【用法回顾】形容人/组织有影响力、有号召力。 【搭配回顾】influential people 有影响力的人；influential charity 有影响力的慈善机构 【用法示例】 She is an influential leader in the charity.（她是该慈善机构有影响力的领袖。） His speech is very influential to young people.（他的演讲对年轻人很有影响力。） 9. carry on (with)继续做 【用法回顾】 carry on doing sth. 继续做某事 carry on with sth. 继续某事 【搭配回顾】carry on with the work 继续工作 【用法示例】 Let’s carry on working after the break.（休息后我们继续工作。） Please carry on with your lesson.（请继续上课。） 10. in addition此外；另外 【用法回顾】用于补充信息，可放句首/句中。 【搭配回顾】in addition to… 除……之外（还） 【用法示例】 In addition, he learns French in his free time.（此外，他在空闲时间学法语。） In addition to English, he can speak Chinese.（除了英语，他还会说中文。） 11.hand out分发 【用法回顾】hand out sth. to sb. 把某物分发给某人。 【搭配回顾】hand out leaflets 发传单；hand out books 发书 【用法示例】 Please hand out the papers to the class.（请把试卷分发给全班。） They handed out food to the poor people.（他们把食物分发给穷人。） 12.progress n. 进步；进展 【用法回顾】make progress (in…) 在……方面取得进步（不可数名词，不加a）。 【搭配回顾】make great progress 取得巨大进步 【用法示例】 He has made great progress in English.（他在英语上取得了很大进步。） We are making progress with the project.（这个项目我们正在取得进展。） Part 2重点句式与结构 典型句式1：Many charities were created to help people in need.许多慈善机构的成立是为了帮助有需要的人。 【结构构成】 1. 主语：Many charities（许多慈善机构），可数名词复数作主语，many修饰可数名词复数，表“许多”； 2. 谓语：were created（被建立、被成立），被动语态（be + 过去分词），时态为一般过去时，说明慈善机构成立的动作发生在过去； 3. 目的状语：to help people in need（为了帮助有需要的人），动词不定式（to + 动词原形）作目的状语，说明成立慈善机构的目的； 4. 定语：in need（有需要的），介词短语作后置定语，修饰people，限定“需要帮助的人”。 【核心句式】 被动语态的目的句式：主语 + be (过去时) + 过去分词 + to do sth.（某物/某事被做是为了做另一件事）。 【典型用法】 1. charity：可数名词，意为“慈善机构”，复数形式为charities；也可作不可数名词，意为“慈善、施舍”，如charity work（慈善工作）； 2. be created to do sth.：“被创建来做某事”，create的过去分词为created，常见搭配还有create a company（创办公司）； 3. people in need：“有需要的人”，in need作后置定语是英语中常见用法，类似表达还有students in trouble（有困难的学生）。 典型句式2：It provides them with free operations and medical care.它为他们提供免费的手术和医疗护理。 【结构构成】 1. 主语：It（它），代词，指代前文提到的某个机构、组织或事物（如前文的charity、UNICEF等）； 2. 谓语：provides（提供），实义动词，时态为一般现在时，主语为第三人称单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式； 3. 间接宾语：them（他们），人称代词宾格，作provides的间接宾语，指代前文提到的“需要帮助的人”； 4. 直接宾语：free operations and medical care（免费的手术和医疗护理），名词短语作provides的直接宾语，free为形容词，修饰后面的两个并列名词； 5. 固定搭配：provides sb. with sth.（为某人提供某物）。 【核心句式】 主谓双宾句式：主语（第三人称单数） + provides + 间接宾语（sb.） + with + 直接宾语（sth.）（为某人提供某物）。 【典型用法】 1. provide的常见搭配：① provide sb. with sth.（本句用法）；② provide sth. for sb.（同义表达，如It provides free operations and medical care for them.）； 2. operations：可数名词复数，意为“手术”，单数形式为operation，常见搭配have an operation（做手术）； 3. medical care：“医疗护理”，固定短语，medical为形容词（医疗的），care为名词（护理、照料），类似表达还有health care（医疗保健）。 典型句式3：I couldn't afford to go to hospital, and I was losing hope.我付不起去医院的钱，而且我正逐渐失去希望。 【结构构成】 1. 本句为并列句，由并列连词and连接两个分句，表顺承关系（前半句说明原因，后半句说明结果）； 2. 第一个分句：I couldn't afford to go to hospital 主语：I（我）；谓语：couldn't afford（付不起、承担不起），couldn't是could not的缩写，could为情态动词，后接动词原形；宾语：to go to hospital（去医院），动词不定式作afford的宾语； 3. 第二个分句：I was losing hope 主语：I（我）；谓语：was losing（正失去），时态为过去进行时（was/were + 现在分词），表示过去某个时刻正在进行的动作或逐渐变化的状态；宾语：hope（希望），不可数名词。 【核心句式】 并列句：主语 + couldn't afford to do sth. + and + 主语 + was/were doing sth.（某人做某事付不起钱，而且正在做另一件事）。 【典型用法】 1. afford：实义动词，意为“负担得起（费用、时间等）”，常用搭配为afford to do sth.（负担得起做某事），否定形式常用can't/couldn't afford to do sth.（付不起/承担不起做某事），且afford通常不用于进行时； 2. go to hospital：“去医院（看病）”，注意hospital前不加定冠词the（固定搭配）；若表示“去某家特定的医院”，可加the，如go to the hospital near my home； 3. past continuous tense（过去进行时）：was losing表示“逐渐失去”，强调动作的持续性和渐进性，类似用法还有was getting better（正逐渐好转）。 典型句式4：UNICEF was set up in 1946 by the UN to help children in difficult situations.联合国儿童基金会于1946年由联合国成立，旨在帮助处于困境中的儿童。 【结构构成】 1. 主语：UNICEF（联合国儿童基金会），专有名词，首字母大写，无需加冠词； 2. 谓语：was set up（被成立、被建立），被动语态（be + 过去分词），set up为固定短语（成立、建立），set的过去分词仍为set，时态为一般过去时； 3. 时间状语：in 1946（在1946年），介词短语作时间状语，说明成立的时间； 4. 动作执行者状语：by the UN（由联合国），介词by引出被动语态中动作的执行者； 5. 目的状语：to help children in difficult situations（旨在帮助处于困境中的儿童），动词不定式作目的状语； 6. 定语：in difficult situations（处于困境中的），介词短语作后置定语，修饰children。 【核心句式】 被动语态的完整句式：主语（专有名词） + be (过去时) + 过去分词 + 时间状语 + by + 动作执行者 + to do sth.（某物/某组织被某人在某时间成立，目的是做某事）。 【典型用法】 1. set up：“成立、建立”，可用于主动语态（sb. set up sth.）和被动语态（sth. be set up by sb.），如We set up a club.（我们成立了一个俱乐部）； 2. 被动语态中by的用法：by后面接动作的执行者，表示“被某人”，若不强调执行者，可省略by短语； 3. in difficult situations：“处于困境中”，situation为可数名词，意为“情况、处境”，复数形式为situations，类似表达还有in a difficult situation（单数，指具体某一种困境）。 典型句式5：It provides clean water and food, education and health care to children.它为儿童提供干净的水、食物、教育和医疗保健。 【结构构成】 1. 主语：It（它），代词，指代前文提到的UNICEF等机构； 2. 谓语：provides（提供），实义动词，一般现在时，第三人称单数形式； 3. 直接宾语：clean water and food, education and health care（干净的水、食物、教育和医疗保健），并列名词短语作直接宾语，clean修饰water，多个名词短语并列，用逗号分隔； 4. 间接宾语：to children（给儿童），介词to引出间接宾语，构成固定搭配； 5. 固定搭配：provides sth. to sb.（为某人提供某物）。 【核心句式】 主谓双宾句式：主语（第三人称单数） + provides + 直接宾语（并列名词短语） + to + 间接宾语（sb.）（为某人提供多种事物）。 【典型用法】 1. provide的另一种核心搭配：provides sth. to sb.，与provides sb. with sth.同义，可互换，如本句可改为It provides children with clean water and food, education and health care.； 2. 并列结构：clean water and food, education and health care为并列宾语，并列的名词短语结构对称，使句子表达更清晰，类似并列如books, pens and notebooks（书、笔和笔记本）； 3. clean water：“干净的水”，clean为形容词，修饰water，health care为固定短语（医疗保健），与句子二中的medical care含义相近。 典型句式6：She used to work on the farm all day and could not read or write.她过去整天在农场工作，而且不会读书写字。 【结构构成】 1. 本句为并列句，由并列连词and连接两个分句，表并列关系（说明主语过去的两种状态/动作）； 2. 第一个分句：She used to work on the farm all day 主语：She（她）；谓语：used to work（过去常常工作），used to为固定结构，后接动词原形，表“过去常常做某事（现在不做了）”；状语：on the farm（在农场）（地点状语）、all day（整天）（时间状语）； 3. 第二个分句：could not read or write 主语：She（承前省略，避免重复）；谓语：could not read or write（不会读书也不会写字），could not为情态动词的否定形式，后接动词原形，or用于否定句中，表“和、也”（肯定句中用and）。 【核心句式】 并列句：主语 + used to do sth. + and + (主语承前省略) + could not do sth. or do sth.（某人过去常常做某事，而且不会做另一件事和另一件事）。 【典型用法】 1. used to do sth.：“过去常常做某事”，表示过去的习惯性动作或状态，现在已改变，否定形式为didn't use to do sth.或used not to do sth.（如She didn't use to work on the farm.）； 2. on the farm：“在农场”，固定搭配，farm前不加定冠词the；若表示“在某一个特定的农场”，可加the，如on the farm near the village； 3. 否定句中or的用法：could not read or write（不会读书也不会写字），否定句中用or连接两个并列的动词，代替肯定句中的and，类似表达还有I can't sing or dance.（我不会唱歌也不会跳舞）。 单元语法：一般现在时与一般过去时被动语态 一、一般现在时被动语态 内容 例句 基本结构 主语 + am/is/are + 动词过去分词（V-ed）（注：am用于I，is用于单数主语，are用于复数主语/you） 1. I am asked to finish my homework.（我被要求完成作业。）2. The book is written by a famous writer.（这本书是一位著名作家写的。）3. These flowers are watered every day.（这些花每天都被浇水。） 否定式 主语 + am/is/are + not + 动词过去分词 1. He is not allowed to go out alone.（他不被允许独自外出。）2. These letters are not sent by post.（这些信件不是通过邮寄发送的。） 一般疑问句 Am/Is/Are + 主语 + 动词过去分词？（回答用Yes/No） 1. Is the classroom cleaned every morning?（教室每天早上都被打扫吗？）Yes, it is.（是的，它是。）/ No, it isn’t.（不，不是。）2. Are you invited to the party?（你被邀请去参加派对了吗？）Yes, I am.（是的，我被邀请了。）/ No, I’m not.（不，我没有。） 标志词 常与every day, usually, often, always, sometimes, once a week等表示经常性、习惯性的时间状语连用 English is taught in our school every day.（我们学校每天都教英语。） 用法说明 1. 不知道动作的执行者，或没必要提及执行者；2. 强调动作的承受者；3. 客观事实、普遍真理。 1. Rice is grown in the south of China.（水稻在中国南方种植。——客观事实）2. The window is broken.（窗户被打破了。——不知道谁打破的） 二、一般过去时被动语态 内容 例句 基本结构 主语 + was/were + 动词过去分词（V-ed）（注：was用于I/he/she/it及单数主语，were用于复数主语/you） 1. I was asked to help her yesterday.（昨天我被要求帮助她。）2. The house was built ten years ago.（这栋房子是十年前建造的。）3. They were invited to the meeting last week.（他们上周被邀请参加会议。） 否定式 主语 + was/were + not + 动词过去分词 1. He was not invited to the party.（他没有被邀请参加派对。）2. These books were not sold last month.（这些书上个月没有被卖出。） 一般疑问句 Was/Were + 主语 + 动词过去分词？（回答用Yes/No） 1. Was the letter sent yesterday?（这封信昨天被寄出去了吗？）Yes, it was.（是的，寄出去了。）/ No, it wasn’t.（不，没有。）2. Were you taught English last year?（去年你被教英语了吗？）Yes, I was.（是的，我被教了。）/ No, I wasn’t.（不，没有。） 标志词 常与yesterday, last week/month/year, ago, just now, in 2023等表示过去的时间状语连用 The meeting was held last Friday.（会议是上周五举行的。） 用法说明 1. 描述过去发生的被动动作，不知道或没必要提及动作执行者；2. 强调过去动作的承受者；3. 过去的客观事实或状态。 1. The bridge was destroyed in the storm last night.（这座桥昨晚在暴风雨中被摧毁了。）2. Her bike was stolen yesterday afternoon.（她的自行车昨天下午被偷了。） 单元写作：写一个关于通过帮助别人而感到快乐的小故事 主｜题｜解｜析 一、写作主题 本单元写作要求结合具体慈善机构，介绍其成立目的、主要工作内容、取得的成效以及自身的感受或建议，语言规范、逻辑清晰，符合八年级英语书面表达要求。 核心要点需完整覆盖，避免遗漏关键信息，同时贴合八年级学生的认知范围，难度适中： 开篇点明慈善机构的名称（推荐简单易记、贴近学生生活的机构，如Project Hope/Red Cross Youth）及成立初衷（帮助特定人群，如贫困学生、灾区人民等）； 主体部分介绍该慈善机构的主要工作内容（至少2项，如筹集资金、捐赠物资、开展帮扶活动等）； 简要说明该慈善机构工作取得的成效（如帮助了多少人、改善了哪些现状，无需复杂数据，简单表述即可）； 三、写作思路 段落 段落功能 核心内容 注意事项 第一段（开头） 引出主题，介绍慈善机构 明确慈善机构名称，说明其成立目的 简洁明了，无需展开，1-2句话即可 第二段（主体） 详细介绍机构工作及成效 分点（无序号）说明主要工作，补充简单成效 逻辑连贯，用连接词衔接，避免语法错误 第三段（结尾） 表达感受或提出建议 谈谈对该慈善工作的看法，或如何参与其中 贴合学生身份，建议具体可行，情感真挚 构｜思｜写｜作 审题（1分钟）：明确题目要求是“慈善机构工作报告”，体裁为说明文（report），核心是“介绍工作”，而非“讲述慈善故事”；确定字数（80-100词），避免超纲词汇和复杂句型。 列提纲（2分钟）：结合内容要点，简单列出每段关键词，例如： 第一段：Project Hope, help poor students, get education 第二段：raise money, build schools, donate books, many students go to school 第三段：great, meaningful, donate my old books 写初稿（5分钟）：根据提纲，将关键词扩展成完整句子，注意时态（介绍机构工作用一般现在时，说明成效可用现在完成时），确保句子通顺，无明显语法错误。 修改润色（2分钟）：检查是否覆盖所有内容要点，修正语法、拼写错误；适当添加连接词（如first, besides, in my opinion），让文章逻辑更清晰；调整句子长度，避免句式单一。 范｜文｜示｜例 There is a famous charity in China called Project Hope. It was set up to help poor students in rural areas get a good education. First, Project Hope raises money from kind people all over the country. With the money, it builds schools and libraries in poor areas. Besides, it donates books, stationery and clothes to poor students. Because of its work, many poor students have the chance to go to school and learn new things. In my opinion, Project Hope does a great job. It helps many children realize their dreams. I want to support it by donating my old books and studying hard. I hope more people can join in and help those in need. 【范文分析】 结构完整：严格按照“开头—主体—结尾”的思路写作，覆盖了所有内容要点，逻辑清晰，层次分明。 语言规范：使用了八年级核心词汇和常用句型，时态正确（一般现在时介绍工作，现在完成时说明成效），无语法、拼写错误。 衔接自然：使用了first, besides等连接词，让段落之间、句子之间的过渡更流畅，避免了生硬堆砌。 贴合要求：情感真挚，结尾的感受和建议贴合学生身份，具体可行。 优｜化｜策｜略 1.丰富词汇：将简单词汇替换为同义进阶词汇，如help替换为assist，great替换为excellent，many替换为a lot of/lots of。 2.优化句型：适当使用复合句，如将“I want to support it by donating my old books.”改为“I want to support it by donating my old books, which can help poor students read more books.”（定语从句，八年级重点语法）。 3.补充细节：在介绍工作成效时，可增加简单细节，如“many poor students have the chance to go to school”改为“many poor students who couldn’t go to school before now have the chance to study in bright classrooms”。 4.完善结尾：可补充具体的参与方式，如“Besides donating old books, I can also tell my friends about Project Hope and encourage them to join us.” 参｜考｜词｜句 （一）核心词汇 慈善相关：charity（慈善机构）, help（帮助）, donate（捐赠）, raise money（筹集资金）, volunteer（志愿者）, project（项目） 帮扶对象：poor students（贫困学生）, homeless people（无家可归的人）, people in need（有需要的人） 成效相关：successful（成功的）, helpful（有帮助的）, improve（改善）, change（改变）, meaningful（有意义的） 动作相关：provide（提供）, build（建造）, give away（赠送）, organize（组织）, take part in（参与） （二）常用句型 1.开篇句型（引出机构）： There is a famous charity called... It was set up to help... ...is a popular charity that helps people in need. 2.主体句型（介绍工作）： First, it raises money to... - Besides, it donates... to... It also organizes activities to help... 3.成效句型： Because of its work, many people have... Its work has helped a lot of people improve their lives. 4.结尾句型（感受/建议）： In my opinion, the work of this charity is great and meaningful. I think we can take part in its ac （时间：30分钟，满分：100分） 一、单词拼写（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分） 1. Many ______ (patient) are waiting for the doctor. 2. She works as a ______ (medicine) volunteer in the countryside. 3. The doctor will ______ (operation) on his eyes tomorrow. 4. We are ______ (grate) to all the kind people. 5. They need more ______ (train) to be good volunteers. 6. The ______ (organize) helps poor people around the world. 7. He has made great ______ (progress) in his study. 8. The ______ (interview) is asking the doctor some questions. 9. We should treat the old ______ (direct) and kindly. 10. These ______ (leaflet) can tell people how to protect their eyes. 二、单项选择（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分） 11. Many people in poor areas can’t afford ______ medical treatment. A. buy B. to buy C. buying D. bought 12. The doctor is going to operate ______ the patient tomorrow. A. in B. on C. at D. for 13. We should hand out ______ to tell people about eye care. A. leaflets B. papers C. books D. dictionaries 14. The ______ of this activity is to help blind people see again. A. treatment B. cure C. aim D. progress 15. She is ______ to the volunteers who help her a lot. A. grateful B. helpful C. useful D. careful 16. We must carry on ______ our work even if it is hard. A. with B. to C. at D. of 17. ______, we need more money to help more patients. A. In addition B. In fact C. In time D. In front 18. The ______ asked the doctor many questions about the medical team. A. patient B. interviewer C. champion D. organization 19. This kind of medicine can ______ many kinds of diseases. A. cure B. treat C. miss D. benefit 20. He has made great ______ in learning English recently. A. progress B. darkness C. war D. right 三、完成句子（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分） 21. 这个组织旨在为贫困地区的人们提供医疗帮助。 The ______ ______ to provide medical help for people in poor areas. 22. 我们应该继续开展眼部保健活动。 We should ______ ______ with eye care activities. 23. 他感激那些为他做手术的医生们。 He is ______ ______ the doctors who operated on him. 24. 除了这些，我们还需要培训更多的志愿者。 ______ ______ these, we also need to train more volunteers. 25. 很多人因为战争而错失了受教育的机会。 Many people ______ ______ on the chance of education because of the war. 26. 这位采访者正在问关于治疗病人的问题。 The ______ is asking questions about ______ the patients. 27. 我们能做什么来帮助那些失明的人？ What can we do to help those ______ people? 28. 这场疾病的治愈方法还没有被找到。 The ______ for this illness hasn’t been ______. 29. 他买不起去医院看病的费用。 He can’t ______ ______ to hospital. 30. 这些有影响力的人正在声援儿童的权利。 These ______ people are ______ for children’s rights. 四、阅读理解（本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分） A Do you know that taking good care of gardens can be a way of doing charity? That’s what the National Garden Scheme (NGS) (国家花园计划) has been doing. The organization opens over 3,500 private(私人的) gardens in England and Wales for people to visit, and raises money through tickets, tea and cakes. The NGS has a rich and interesting history. At a meeting in 1926, Miss Elsie Wagg came up with the idea of raising money for district (地区) nursing through the nation’s obsession (沉迷) with gardening. A year later the NGS began to work and garden owners were asked to open their gardens for “a shilling (先令) a head”. As a result, 609 gardens opened and a total of £8,191 was raised that year. During the past century, the number of gardens grew, so the NGS was able to help more charities with a larger amount of money. Thanks to the kindness of garden owners, volunteers and visitors, it has donated a total of £70 million to nursing and health charities so far. It made a donation of £3.5 million in 2024 and about 70 pence (便士) in every £1 (1 pound=100 pence) went straight to organizations like Macmillan Cancer Support, Marie Curie, Hospice UK and The Queen’s Institute of Community Nursing. The National Garden Scheme doesn’t just open beautiful gardens for charity. Its Gardens and Health programme also shows people the important role of gardening and gardens in helping open a path to health. 31．What is the National Garden Scheme in Britain? A．A scheme to learn gardening. B．A scheme for health education. C．A scheme to do charity. D．A scheme to enjoy garden life. 32．Why did Miss Elsie Wagg choose gardens as a way to raise money? A．Because the British had deep love for gardening. B．Because the number of gardens grew quickly in 1926. C．Because gardens had an interesting history in Britain. D．Because the garden owners in Britain were very rich. 33．How many pounds went straight to organizations like Macmillan Cancer Support in 2024? A．About £2 million. B．About £2.45 million. C．About £3.25 million. D．About £3.5 million. 34．Which of the following can be inferred from the passage? A．The National Garden Scheme started to work in 1926. B．Tea and cakes in these gardens are provided free of charge. C．The NGS donated £70 million to nursing and health charities in the 20th century. D．It’s a good idea to learn gardening because it can help you live a healthy life. 35．What’s the main purpose of this passage? A．To show how much the British love gardening. B．To show how much money can be made in British gardening. C．To explain the connection between NGS and gardening. D．To introduce NGS, a way to raise money for charities. B The silence of the pond was broken by the first cry: “Found something!” A swimmer ducked into (扎入) the water with a lifeline connected to a boat. Soon, she appeared, holding a pair of bright blue swimming glasses. They were passed to another, then into the boat. On a cloudy Saturday morning in July, a team of 15 women over 65 years old, known as the Old Ladies Against Underwater Garbage (OLAUG), looked for rubbish across Cape Cod. When the team returned, they joked about the trip. “We didn’t even know what it was,” one swimmer said with a laugh, showing an electronic cigarette they had found. “We had to ask a young person.” Part protection organization, part social club, OLAUG only accepted old women as its members. To improve the conditions of the ponds, the group made it its mission to take rubbish away from them. The idea of this group was from Susan. As a lifelong nature lover, she liked swimming in ponds. However, the world of the pond, which was a little polluted, made her anxious. Then she came up with a slogan (标语): “OVER 65, IF YOU’RE HEALTHY ENOUGH, IT IS THE AGE OF ACTION.” Soon many people joined her. They found a sense of wonder at the pond clean-up moments. And their team could do a lot more than people might think. When many people thanked OLAUG for what they had done, some questioned why they called themselves “old ladies”. “You should call yourselves the Mermaids Against Glitter Litter,” they said. 36．What does “another” in Paragraph 1 refer to? A．A pond. B．A swimmer. C．A lifeline. D．A boat. 37．The underlined word “mission” means “________”. A．an important task B．a fair game C．an interesting show D．a secret meeting 38．By searching for the rubbish in the ponds, OLAUG ________. A．found interest and did well B．changed people’s hobbies C．improved their health a lot D．won fame and got prizes 39．Why were the old women regarded as the Mermaids? A．They must be good at swimming. B．They could be trusted by some people. C．They should be responsible for their group. D．They might be thought young and beautiful. 40．What would be the best title for the passage? A．A swimming club B．A worrying pond C．A ducking moment D．A warning slogan 五、完形填空（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分） 阅读下面短文，理解大意，从所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，使短文连贯完整。 Last summer, we had a volunteer activity in a village school. In the school, I saw a name Feng Aiguo on a list. This man offered (自愿给予) much money to the school. I thought he must be a 41 man. One day, on my way home from school, my bike was broken. Luckily, I found a repairing stand (修车摊) across the street. An old man was 42 a bike. He was wearing a clean suit. He looked energetic (精力充沛的). While waiting, I knew 43 about him from the old man chatting there. He was Lao Feng and started 44 bikes after he retired (退休). Two months ago, his family moved to a new house. His son didn’t want him to repair bikes any longer. He bought him suits and asked him to 45 them and rest at home. But it didn’t work. The old man 46 his repairing work in his suits. After a while, the old man got my bike repaired. 47 I was leaving, an old lady came and called him “Aiguo”. Immediately (立即) the name on the list of the village school came into my mind. But how could such a common repairman 48 so much money? I asked him if he knew that village. He told me it was his hometown and the 49 there still needed help. So he always saved money by repairing bikes to help them. Then I was sure that he was the person on the 50 . 41．A．rich B．poor C．healthy D．unhealthy 42．A．selling B．washing C．riding D．repairing 43．A．everything B．something C．anything D．nothing 44．A．to repair B．repaired C．repair D．to be repaired 45．A．wear B．borrow C．make D．lend 46．A．stopped B．dropped C．closed D．continued 47．A．Unless B．When C．If D．Though 48．A．give away B．throw away C．take back D．give back 49．A．workers B．visitors C．climbers D．villagers 50．A．way B．map C．list D．book 六、任务型阅读（本大题共5小题，每小题2分，共10分） For most kids, the best thing for their birthday is having a birthday party. But thousands of children never celebrate their birthday. Thanks to Paige Chenault and her Birthday Party Project (项目), that is changing in the U.S.A． Every month, the Birthday Party Project holds birthday parties for the homeless (无家可归的) kids. For some kids, it is the first birthday party they have had. The Birthday Party Project wanted to make every kid feel special. “Everyone is special,” Paige said. So she started the Birthday Party Project in 2012 and the group’s first celebration was at a homeless shelter (避难所) in Texas. Today, the Birthday Party Project holds about 50 monthly parties in cities around the country. About 10,000 kids have celebrated their birthday. Dipson, 8, is one of those kids. He lives in a homeless shelter in Minnesota. At a party in March, he and other kids played games and ate cakes. They also opened gifts. “It was very fun,” he said. The Birthday Party Project has held parties for years. Kids always look forward to (盼望) them. “Many people come to the party,” Paige said. “It brings the whole place together.” There are many ways you can help other kids feel celebrated. Join the Birthday Party Project and visit the homeless shelters. Raise money by holding sales of old clothes and other activities. Give gifts to a homeless shelter. Make birthday cards for kids living in difficult places. Everyone can join in! 51．Who does the Birthday Party Project hold birthday parties for? 52．When did Paige start the project? 53．How many kids have celebrated their birthday with the help of the project? 54．What do you think of the project? 55．If you have a chance (机会) to help the project, what can you do? 七、短文填空（本大题共10小题，每小题1.5分，共15分） Last Sunday, our volunteer team went to the village primary school to help the left-behind children. We 56 (prepare) for this activity for half a month before we went. When we got to the school, we were 57 (warm) welcomed by the children and the teachers. We brought many books, pens and notebooks for the children. All the gifts 58 (give) to the children in the class meeting. We were divided into four groups to help the children. The first group taught the children to draw pictures. The second group taught them to sing English songs. The third group helped the children with their homework. The fourth group, which I was in, 59 (tell) the children interesting stories about the outside world. Many interesting games 60 (play) by us and the children together. We also took a lot of photos with them. When it was time for us to leave, many children cried and hoped we could come back again. This activity 61 (teach) us a lot. We learned that the left-behind children need more love and care. Now, more volunteer activities 62 (organize) in our school every term. We plan to go back to the school this summer holiday. We hope more students 63 (join) us. Volunteering is a great way to help others. Every small kind action can make the world 64 (good). We will keep 65 (do) volunteer work to help more people in need. 八、书面表达（共15分） 66．为了引导学生合理利用业余时间，丰富业余生活，近日，学校决定开展以“充实业余生活，绽放多彩人生”为主题的演讲比赛。请你以“Do Something Meaningful in Our Free Time”为题，根据以下要点提示，用英语写一篇演讲稿。要点提示： Improve ourselves 1.做运动，避免生病 2.阅读，提升自我 3.… Stay with family 1.谈心，保持良好的情绪； 2.一起做家务，共同成长 3.… Do something for society 1.帮助社区打扫卫生，共同保护环境 2.… 写作要求： 1.字迹工整，书写规范，文中须包含表格中的全部要点，可适当发挥； 2.文中不得出现真实姓名、班级和学校名称； 3.不少于80词，开头已给出，不计入总词数。 Do Something Meaningful in Our Free Time Boys and girls, it is important to make full use of our free time. As students, how can we make our free time meaningful? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 6 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 1 / 27 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 7 Charities（复习讲义) 单词 medical adj.医疗的 organization n.(=organistion)组织 lip n.嘴唇 interviewer n.采访者 billion n.十亿 cure vt.治好(疾病);治愈；n.药物，疗法 treatment n.治疗 aim n.目的，目标；vt.&vi.力争做到；旨在 patient n.病人 afford vt.能做，买得起 benefit vi.得益于，得利于；n.优势，益处，成效 session n.一场 operate vi.动手术 treat vt.医治；把…视为 interview n.采访，访谈；面试 grateful adj.感激的 darkness n.黑暗 blind vt.使失明 addition n.增加；增加物 directly adv.直接 train vt.&vi.培训，训练 leaflet n.传单，小册子 champion n.捍卫者，声援者，拥护者；冠军 right n.权利 progress n.进步，进展 virus n.病毒 war n.战争；斗争 influential adj.有影响力的 短语 help people in need 帮助有需要的人 around the world 全世界 medical volunteers 医疗志愿者 provide sb. with sth. 给某人提供某物 free operations 免费手术 suffer from 遭受；患（病） on board 在飞机上 eye problems 眼部问题 medical treatment 医疗救治 lose hope 失去希望 miss out on错失机会 follow one's dream 追求梦想 passive voice 被动语态 health care 医疗保健 in need 处于困境中 go to hospital去看病 eye care眼睛保健 operate on(给…)做手术 carry on(with)继续做 in addition除…以外(还) hand out分发 句型 1. Many charities were created to help people in need. 许多慈善机构被创立来帮助有需要的人。 2. Help and support can move mountains. 帮助与支持能移山。 3. It provides them with free operations and medical care. 它为他们提供免费手术和医疗护理。 4. Orbis uses its plane to visit poor areas. 奥比斯组织用它的飞机前往贫困地区。 5. Millions of children were born with lip problems. 数百万儿童生来就有唇部问题。 6. I couldn't afford to go to hospital, and I was losing hope. 我没钱去医院，并且快要失去希望了。 7. My aim is to work with a charity like Orbis. 我的目标是为像奥比斯这样的慈善机构工作。 8. We use the passive voice when the action is more important than the person. 当动作比执行者更重要时，我们使用被动语态。 9. Save the Children was founded in 1919. 救助儿童会成立于1919年。 10. UNICEF was set up in 1946 by the UN to help children in difficult situations. 联合国儿童基金会于1946年由联合国成立，以帮助困境中的儿童。 11. It provides clean water and food, education and health care to children. 它为儿童提供干净的水和食物、教育以及医疗保健。 12. She used to work on the farm all day and could not read or write. 她过去整天在农场干活，不会读写。 语法 一般现在时与一般过去时被动语态 写作 撰写一份关于某个慈善机构工作的报告 单元考点：单词、短语、句型 Part 1重点词汇与短语 1.cure v. 治愈；n. 疗法 【用法回顾】 v. cure sb. of sth. 治愈某人的某种疾病 n. a cure for… 治疗……的方法/药物 【搭配回顾】cure diseases 治病；a cure for blindness 治盲的方法 【用法示例】 The medicine can cure many kinds of illnesses.（这种药能治好多种疾病。） Scientists are looking for a cure for the virus.（科学家正在寻找这种病毒的疗法。） 2.treat v. 医治；对待 【用法回顾】 treat sb. for sth. 为某人治疗某种病 treat…as… 把……当作…… 【搭配回顾】treat patients 治疗病人；treat…kindly 友好对待 【用法示例】 The doctor is treating him for a fever.（医生正在为他治疗发烧。） We should treat everyone with respect.（我们应该尊重地对待每个人。） 3. operate v. 动手术；操作 【用法回顾】 operate on sb. 给某人动手术（固定搭配，必须加on） 【搭配回顾】operate on a patient 给病人动手术；do an operation 做手术 【用法示例】 The doctor will operate on his eyes tomorrow.（医生明天将给他的眼睛做手术。） They successfully operated on the little girl.（他们成功地给这个小女孩做了手术。） 4. afford v. 负担得起；能做 【用法回顾】 afford to do sth. 负担得起做某事 常与 can/could/be able to 连用 【搭配回顾】afford medical treatment 负担得起治疗 【用法示例】 He can’t afford to buy a new house.（他买不起新房子。） We can’t afford to waste time.（我们浪费不起时间。） 5. train v. 培训；训练 【用法回顾】 train sb. to do sth. 训练某人做某事 be trained for… 为……接受培训 【搭配回顾】train volunteers 培训志愿者；receive training 接受培训 【用法示例】 They train students to be doctors.（他们培养学生成为医生。） She is training for the sports meeting.（她正在为运动会训练。） 6. grateful adj. 感激的 【用法回顾】 be grateful to sb. for sth. 因某事感激某人 【搭配回顾】feel grateful 感到感激；be grateful for help 感激帮助 【用法示例】 I am grateful to you for your help.（我感激你的帮助。） She is grateful for the chance to study here.（她很感激能有在这里学习的机会。） 7. medical adj. 医疗的 【用法回顾】修饰与医疗、医学相关的名词。 【搭配回顾】medical treatment 治疗；medical care 医疗护理 【用法示例】 He needs immediate medical help.（他需要立即的医疗救助。） This hospital has good medical equipment.（这家医院有良好的医疗设备。） 8. influential adj. 有影响力的 【用法回顾】形容人/组织有影响力、有号召力。 【搭配回顾】influential people 有影响力的人；influential charity 有影响力的慈善机构 【用法示例】 She is an influential leader in the charity.（她是该慈善机构有影响力的领袖。） His speech is very influential to young people.（他的演讲对年轻人很有影响力。） 9. carry on (with)继续做 【用法回顾】 carry on doing sth. 继续做某事 carry on with sth. 继续某事 【搭配回顾】carry on with the work 继续工作 【用法示例】 Let’s carry on working after the break.（休息后我们继续工作。） Please carry on with your lesson.（请继续上课。） 10. in addition此外；另外 【用法回顾】用于补充信息，可放句首/句中。 【搭配回顾】in addition to… 除……之外（还） 【用法示例】 In addition, he learns French in his free time.（此外，他在空闲时间学法语。） In addition to English, he can speak Chinese.（除了英语，他还会说中文。） 11.hand out分发 【用法回顾】hand out sth. to sb. 把某物分发给某人。 【搭配回顾】hand out leaflets 发传单；hand out books 发书 【用法示例】 Please hand out the papers to the class.（请把试卷分发给全班。） They handed out food to the poor people.（他们把食物分发给穷人。） 12.progress n. 进步；进展 【用法回顾】make progress (in…) 在……方面取得进步（不可数名词，不加a）。 【搭配回顾】make great progress 取得巨大进步 【用法示例】 He has made great progress in English.（他在英语上取得了很大进步。） We are making progress with the project.（这个项目我们正在取得进展。） Part 2重点句式与结构 典型句式1：Many charities were created to help people in need.许多慈善机构的成立是为了帮助有需要的人。 【结构构成】 1. 主语：Many charities（许多慈善机构），可数名词复数作主语，many修饰可数名词复数，表“许多”； 2. 谓语：were created（被建立、被成立），被动语态（be + 过去分词），时态为一般过去时，说明慈善机构成立的动作发生在过去； 3. 目的状语：to help people in need（为了帮助有需要的人），动词不定式（to + 动词原形）作目的状语，说明成立慈善机构的目的； 4. 定语：in need（有需要的），介词短语作后置定语，修饰people，限定“需要帮助的人”。 【核心句式】 被动语态的目的句式：主语 + be (过去时) + 过去分词 + to do sth.（某物/某事被做是为了做另一件事）。 【典型用法】 1. charity：可数名词，意为“慈善机构”，复数形式为charities；也可作不可数名词，意为“慈善、施舍”，如charity work（慈善工作）； 2. be created to do sth.：“被创建来做某事”，create的过去分词为created，常见搭配还有create a company（创办公司）； 3. people in need：“有需要的人”，in need作后置定语是英语中常见用法，类似表达还有students in trouble（有困难的学生）。 典型句式2：It provides them with free operations and medical care.它为他们提供免费的手术和医疗护理。 【结构构成】 1. 主语：It（它），代词，指代前文提到的某个机构、组织或事物（如前文的charity、UNICEF等）； 2. 谓语：provides（提供），实义动词，时态为一般现在时，主语为第三人称单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式； 3. 间接宾语：them（他们），人称代词宾格，作provides的间接宾语，指代前文提到的“需要帮助的人”； 4. 直接宾语：free operations and medical care（免费的手术和医疗护理），名词短语作provides的直接宾语，free为形容词，修饰后面的两个并列名词； 5. 固定搭配：provides sb. with sth.（为某人提供某物）。 【核心句式】 主谓双宾句式：主语（第三人称单数） + provides + 间接宾语（sb.） + with + 直接宾语（sth.）（为某人提供某物）。 【典型用法】 1. provide的常见搭配：① provide sb. with sth.（本句用法）；② provide sth. for sb.（同义表达，如It provides free operations and medical care for them.）； 2. operations：可数名词复数，意为“手术”，单数形式为operation，常见搭配have an operation（做手术）； 3. medical care：“医疗护理”，固定短语，medical为形容词（医疗的），care为名词（护理、照料），类似表达还有health care（医疗保健）。 典型句式3：I couldn't afford to go to hospital, and I was losing hope.我付不起去医院的钱，而且我正逐渐失去希望。 【结构构成】 1. 本句为并列句，由并列连词and连接两个分句，表顺承关系（前半句说明原因，后半句说明结果）； 2. 第一个分句：I couldn't afford to go to hospital 主语：I（我）；谓语：couldn't afford（付不起、承担不起），couldn't是could not的缩写，could为情态动词，后接动词原形；宾语：to go to hospital（去医院），动词不定式作afford的宾语； 3. 第二个分句：I was losing hope 主语：I（我）；谓语：was losing（正失去），时态为过去进行时（was/were + 现在分词），表示过去某个时刻正在进行的动作或逐渐变化的状态；宾语：hope（希望），不可数名词。 【核心句式】 并列句：主语 + couldn't afford to do sth. + and + 主语 + was/were doing sth.（某人做某事付不起钱，而且正在做另一件事）。 【典型用法】 1. afford：实义动词，意为“负担得起（费用、时间等）”，常用搭配为afford to do sth.（负担得起做某事），否定形式常用can't/couldn't afford to do sth.（付不起/承担不起做某事），且afford通常不用于进行时； 2. go to hospital：“去医院（看病）”，注意hospital前不加定冠词the（固定搭配）；若表示“去某家特定的医院”，可加the，如go to the hospital near my home； 3. past continuous tense（过去进行时）：was losing表示“逐渐失去”，强调动作的持续性和渐进性，类似用法还有was getting better（正逐渐好转）。 典型句式4：UNICEF was set up in 1946 by the UN to help children in difficult situations.联合国儿童基金会于1946年由联合国成立，旨在帮助处于困境中的儿童。 【结构构成】 1. 主语：UNICEF（联合国儿童基金会），专有名词，首字母大写，无需加冠词； 2. 谓语：was set up（被成立、被建立），被动语态（be + 过去分词），set up为固定短语（成立、建立），set的过去分词仍为set，时态为一般过去时； 3. 时间状语：in 1946（在1946年），介词短语作时间状语，说明成立的时间； 4. 动作执行者状语：by the UN（由联合国），介词by引出被动语态中动作的执行者； 5. 目的状语：to help children in difficult situations（旨在帮助处于困境中的儿童），动词不定式作目的状语； 6. 定语：in difficult situations（处于困境中的），介词短语作后置定语，修饰children。 【核心句式】 被动语态的完整句式：主语（专有名词） + be (过去时) + 过去分词 + 时间状语 + by + 动作执行者 + to do sth.（某物/某组织被某人在某时间成立，目的是做某事）。 【典型用法】 1. set up：“成立、建立”，可用于主动语态（sb. set up sth.）和被动语态（sth. be set up by sb.），如We set up a club.（我们成立了一个俱乐部）； 2. 被动语态中by的用法：by后面接动作的执行者，表示“被某人”，若不强调执行者，可省略by短语； 3. in difficult situations：“处于困境中”，situation为可数名词，意为“情况、处境”，复数形式为situations，类似表达还有in a difficult situation（单数，指具体某一种困境）。 典型句式5：It provides clean water and food, education and health care to children.它为儿童提供干净的水、食物、教育和医疗保健。 【结构构成】 1. 主语：It（它），代词，指代前文提到的UNICEF等机构； 2. 谓语：provides（提供），实义动词，一般现在时，第三人称单数形式； 3. 直接宾语：clean water and food, education and health care（干净的水、食物、教育和医疗保健），并列名词短语作直接宾语，clean修饰water，多个名词短语并列，用逗号分隔； 4. 间接宾语：to children（给儿童），介词to引出间接宾语，构成固定搭配； 5. 固定搭配：provides sth. to sb.（为某人提供某物）。 【核心句式】 主谓双宾句式：主语（第三人称单数） + provides + 直接宾语（并列名词短语） + to + 间接宾语（sb.）（为某人提供多种事物）。 【典型用法】 1. provide的另一种核心搭配：provides sth. to sb.，与provides sb. with sth.同义，可互换，如本句可改为It provides children with clean water and food, education and health care.； 2. 并列结构：clean water and food, education and health care为并列宾语，并列的名词短语结构对称，使句子表达更清晰，类似并列如books, pens and notebooks（书、笔和笔记本）； 3. clean water：“干净的水”，clean为形容词，修饰water，health care为固定短语（医疗保健），与句子二中的medical care含义相近。 典型句式6：She used to work on the farm all day and could not read or write.她过去整天在农场工作，而且不会读书写字。 【结构构成】 1. 本句为并列句，由并列连词and连接两个分句，表并列关系（说明主语过去的两种状态/动作）； 2. 第一个分句：She used to work on the farm all day 主语：She（她）；谓语：used to work（过去常常工作），used to为固定结构，后接动词原形，表“过去常常做某事（现在不做了）”；状语：on the farm（在农场）（地点状语）、all day（整天）（时间状语）； 3. 第二个分句：could not read or write 主语：She（承前省略，避免重复）；谓语：could not read or write（不会读书也不会写字），could not为情态动词的否定形式，后接动词原形，or用于否定句中，表“和、也”（肯定句中用and）。 【核心句式】 并列句：主语 + used to do sth. + and + (主语承前省略) + could not do sth. or do sth.（某人过去常常做某事，而且不会做另一件事和另一件事）。 【典型用法】 1. used to do sth.：“过去常常做某事”，表示过去的习惯性动作或状态，现在已改变，否定形式为didn't use to do sth.或used not to do sth.（如She didn't use to work on the farm.）； 2. on the farm：“在农场”，固定搭配，farm前不加定冠词the；若表示“在某一个特定的农场”，可加the，如on the farm near the village； 3. 否定句中or的用法：could not read or write（不会读书也不会写字），否定句中用or连接两个并列的动词，代替肯定句中的and，类似表达还有I can't sing or dance.（我不会唱歌也不会跳舞）。 单元语法：一般现在时与一般过去时被动语态 一、一般现在时被动语态 内容 例句 基本结构 主语 + am/is/are + 动词过去分词（V-ed）（注：am用于I，is用于单数主语，are用于复数主语/you） 1. I am asked to finish my homework.（我被要求完成作业。）2. The book is written by a famous writer.（这本书是一位著名作家写的。）3. These flowers are watered every day.（这些花每天都被浇水。） 否定式 主语 + am/is/are + not + 动词过去分词 1. He is not allowed to go out alone.（他不被允许独自外出。）2. These letters are not sent by post.（这些信件不是通过邮寄发送的。） 一般疑问句 Am/Is/Are + 主语 + 动词过去分词？（回答用Yes/No） 1. Is the classroom cleaned every morning?（教室每天早上都被打扫吗？）Yes, it is.（是的，它是。）/ No, it isn’t.（不，不是。）2. Are you invited to the party?（你被邀请去参加派对了吗？）Yes, I am.（是的，我被邀请了。）/ No, I’m not.（不，我没有。） 标志词 常与every day, usually, often, always, sometimes, once a week等表示经常性、习惯性的时间状语连用 English is taught in our school every day.（我们学校每天都教英语。） 用法说明 1. 不知道动作的执行者，或没必要提及执行者；2. 强调动作的承受者；3. 客观事实、普遍真理。 1. Rice is grown in the south of China.（水稻在中国南方种植。——客观事实）2. The window is broken.（窗户被打破了。——不知道谁打破的） 二、一般过去时被动语态 内容 例句 基本结构 主语 + was/were + 动词过去分词（V-ed）（注：was用于I/he/she/it及单数主语，were用于复数主语/you） 1. I was asked to help her yesterday.（昨天我被要求帮助她。）2. The house was built ten years ago.（这栋房子是十年前建造的。）3. They were invited to the meeting last week.（他们上周被邀请参加会议。） 否定式 主语 + was/were + not + 动词过去分词 1. He was not invited to the party.（他没有被邀请参加派对。）2. These books were not sold last month.（这些书上个月没有被卖出。） 一般疑问句 Was/Were + 主语 + 动词过去分词？（回答用Yes/No） 1. Was the letter sent yesterday?（这封信昨天被寄出去了吗？）Yes, it was.（是的，寄出去了。）/ No, it wasn’t.（不，没有。）2. Were you taught English last year?（去年你被教英语了吗？）Yes, I was.（是的，我被教了。）/ No, I wasn’t.（不，没有。） 标志词 常与yesterday, last week/month/year, ago, just now, in 2023等表示过去的时间状语连用 The meeting was held last Friday.（会议是上周五举行的。） 用法说明 1. 描述过去发生的被动动作，不知道或没必要提及动作执行者；2. 强调过去动作的承受者；3. 过去的客观事实或状态。 1. The bridge was destroyed in the storm last night.（这座桥昨晚在暴风雨中被摧毁了。）2. Her bike was stolen yesterday afternoon.（她的自行车昨天下午被偷了。） 单元写作：写一个关于通过帮助别人而感到快乐的小故事 主｜题｜解｜析 一、写作主题 本单元写作要求结合具体慈善机构，介绍其成立目的、主要工作内容、取得的成效以及自身的感受或建议，语言规范、逻辑清晰，符合八年级英语书面表达要求。 核心要点需完整覆盖，避免遗漏关键信息，同时贴合八年级学生的认知范围，难度适中： 开篇点明慈善机构的名称（推荐简单易记、贴近学生生活的机构，如Project Hope/Red Cross Youth）及成立初衷（帮助特定人群，如贫困学生、灾区人民等）； 主体部分介绍该慈善机构的主要工作内容（至少2项，如筹集资金、捐赠物资、开展帮扶活动等）； 简要说明该慈善机构工作取得的成效（如帮助了多少人、改善了哪些现状，无需复杂数据，简单表述即可）； 三、写作思路 段落 段落功能 核心内容 注意事项 第一段（开头） 引出主题，介绍慈善机构 明确慈善机构名称，说明其成立目的 简洁明了，无需展开，1-2句话即可 第二段（主体） 详细介绍机构工作及成效 分点（无序号）说明主要工作，补充简单成效 逻辑连贯，用连接词衔接，避免语法错误 第三段（结尾） 表达感受或提出建议 谈谈对该慈善工作的看法，或如何参与其中 贴合学生身份，建议具体可行，情感真挚 构｜思｜写｜作 审题（1分钟）：明确题目要求是“慈善机构工作报告”，体裁为说明文（report），核心是“介绍工作”，而非“讲述慈善故事”；确定字数（80-100词），避免超纲词汇和复杂句型。 列提纲（2分钟）：结合内容要点，简单列出每段关键词，例如： 第一段：Project Hope, help poor students, get education 第二段：raise money, build schools, donate books, many students go to school 第三段：great, meaningful, donate my old books 写初稿（5分钟）：根据提纲，将关键词扩展成完整句子，注意时态（介绍机构工作用一般现在时，说明成效可用现在完成时），确保句子通顺，无明显语法错误。 修改润色（2分钟）：检查是否覆盖所有内容要点，修正语法、拼写错误；适当添加连接词（如first, besides, in my opinion），让文章逻辑更清晰；调整句子长度，避免句式单一。 范｜文｜示｜例 There is a famous charity in China called Project Hope. It was set up to help poor students in rural areas get a good education. First, Project Hope raises money from kind people all over the country. With the money, it builds schools and libraries in poor areas. Besides, it donates books, stationery and clothes to poor students. Because of its work, many poor students have the chance to go to school and learn new things. In my opinion, Project Hope does a great job. It helps many children realize their dreams. I want to support it by donating my old books and studying hard. I hope more people can join in and help those in need. 【范文分析】 结构完整：严格按照“开头—主体—结尾”的思路写作，覆盖了所有内容要点，逻辑清晰，层次分明。 语言规范：使用了八年级核心词汇和常用句型，时态正确（一般现在时介绍工作，现在完成时说明成效），无语法、拼写错误。 衔接自然：使用了first, besides等连接词，让段落之间、句子之间的过渡更流畅，避免了生硬堆砌。 贴合要求：情感真挚，结尾的感受和建议贴合学生身份，具体可行。 优｜化｜策｜略 1.丰富词汇：将简单词汇替换为同义进阶词汇，如help替换为assist，great替换为excellent，many替换为a lot of/lots of。 2.优化句型：适当使用复合句，如将“I want to support it by donating my old books.”改为“I want to support it by donating my old books, which can help poor students read more books.”（定语从句，八年级重点语法）。 3.补充细节：在介绍工作成效时，可增加简单细节，如“many poor students have the chance to go to school”改为“many poor students who couldn’t go to school before now have the chance to study in bright classrooms”。 4.完善结尾：可补充具体的参与方式，如“Besides donating old books, I can also tell my friends about Project Hope and encourage them to join us.” 参｜考｜词｜句 （一）核心词汇 慈善相关：charity（慈善机构）, help（帮助）, donate（捐赠）, raise money（筹集资金）, volunteer（志愿者）, project（项目） 帮扶对象：poor students（贫困学生）, homeless people（无家可归的人）, people in need（有需要的人） 成效相关：successful（成功的）, helpful（有帮助的）, improve（改善）, change（改变）, meaningful（有意义的） 动作相关：provide（提供）, build（建造）, give away（赠送）, organize（组织）, take part in（参与） （二）常用句型 1.开篇句型（引出机构）： There is a famous charity called... It was set up to help... ...is a popular charity that helps people in need. 2.主体句型（介绍工作）： First, it raises money to... - Besides, it donates... to... It also organizes activities to help... 3.成效句型： Because of its work, many people have... Its work has helped a lot of people improve their lives. 4.结尾句型（感受/建议）： In my opinion, the work of this charity is great and meaningful. I think we can take part in its ac （时间：30分钟，满分：100分） 一、单词拼写（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分） 1. Many ______ (patient) are waiting for the doctor. 2. She works as a ______ (medicine) volunteer in the countryside. 3. The doctor will ______ (operation) on his eyes tomorrow. 4. We are ______ (grate) to all the kind people. 5. They need more ______ (train) to be good volunteers. 6. The ______ (organize) helps poor people around the world. 7. He has made great ______ (progress) in his study. 8. The ______ (interview) is asking the doctor some questions. 9. We should treat the old ______ (direct) and kindly. 10. These ______ (leaflet) can tell people how to protect their eyes. 二、单项选择（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分） 11. Many people in poor areas can’t afford ______ medical treatment. A. buy B. to buy C. buying D. bought 12. The doctor is going to operate ______ the patient tomorrow. A. in B. on C. at D. for 13. We should hand out ______ to tell people about eye care. A. leaflets B. papers C. books D. dictionaries 14. The ______ of this activity is to help blind people see again. A. treatment B. cure C. aim D. progress 15. She is ______ to the volunteers who help her a lot. A. grateful B. helpful C. useful D. careful 16. We must carry on ______ our work even if it is hard. A. with B. to C. at D. of 17. ______, we need more money to help more patients. A. In addition B. In fact C. In time D. In front 18. The ______ asked the doctor many questions about the medical team. A. patient B. interviewer C. champion D. organization 19. This kind of medicine can ______ many kinds of diseases. A. cure B. treat C. miss D. benefit 20. He has made great ______ in learning English recently. A. progress B. darkness C. war D. right 三、完成句子（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分） 21. 这个组织旨在为贫困地区的人们提供医疗帮助。 The ______ ______ to provide medical help for people in poor areas. 22. 我们应该继续开展眼部保健活动。 We should ______ ______ with eye care activities. 23. 他感激那些为他做手术的医生们。 He is ______ ______ the doctors who operated on him. 24. 除了这些，我们还需要培训更多的志愿者。 ______ ______ these, we also need to train more volunteers. 25. 很多人因为战争而错失了受教育的机会。 Many people ______ ______ on the chance of education because of the war. 26. 这位采访者正在问关于治疗病人的问题。 The ______ is asking questions about ______ the patients. 27. 我们能做什么来帮助那些失明的人？ What can we do to help those ______ people? 28. 这场疾病的治愈方法还没有被找到。 The ______ for this illness hasn’t been ______. 29. 他买不起去医院看病的费用。 He can’t ______ ______ to hospital. 30. 这些有影响力的人正在声援儿童的权利。 These ______ people are ______ for children’s rights. 四、阅读理解（本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分） A Do you know that taking good care of gardens can be a way of doing charity? That’s what the National Garden Scheme (NGS) (国家花园计划) has been doing. The organization opens over 3,500 private(私人的) gardens in England and Wales for people to visit, and raises money through tickets, tea and cakes. The NGS has a rich and interesting history. At a meeting in 1926, Miss Elsie Wagg came up with the idea of raising money for district (地区) nursing through the nation’s obsession (沉迷) with gardening. A year later the NGS began to work and garden owners were asked to open their gardens for “a shilling (先令) a head”. As a result, 609 gardens opened and a total of £8,191 was raised that year. During the past century, the number of gardens grew, so the NGS was able to help more charities with a larger amount of money. Thanks to the kindness of garden owners, volunteers and visitors, it has donated a total of £70 million to nursing and health charities so far. It made a donation of £3.5 million in 2024 and about 70 pence (便士) in every £1 (1 pound=100 pence) went straight to organizations like Macmillan Cancer Support, Marie Curie, Hospice UK and The Queen’s Institute of Community Nursing. The National Garden Scheme doesn’t just open beautiful gardens for charity. Its Gardens and Health programme also shows people the important role of gardening and gardens in helping open a path to health. 31．What is the National Garden Scheme in Britain? A．A scheme to learn gardening. B．A scheme for health education. C．A scheme to do charity. D．A scheme to enjoy garden life. 32．Why did Miss Elsie Wagg choose gardens as a way to raise money? A．Because the British had deep love for gardening. B．Because the number of gardens grew quickly in 1926. C．Because gardens had an interesting history in Britain. D．Because the garden owners in Britain were very rich. 33．How many pounds went straight to organizations like Macmillan Cancer Support in 2024? A．About £2 million. B．About £2.45 million. C．About £3.25 million. D．About £3.5 million. 34．Which of the following can be inferred from the passage? A．The National Garden Scheme started to work in 1926. B．Tea and cakes in these gardens are provided free of charge. C．The NGS donated £70 million to nursing and health charities in the 20th century. D．It’s a good idea to learn gardening because it can help you live a healthy life. 35．What’s the main purpose of this passage? A．To show how much the British love gardening. B．To show how much money can be made in British gardening. C．To explain the connection between NGS and gardening. D．To introduce NGS, a way to raise money for charities. B The silence of the pond was broken by the first cry: “Found something!” A swimmer ducked into (扎入) the water with a lifeline connected to a boat. Soon, she appeared, holding a pair of bright blue swimming glasses. They were passed to another, then into the boat. On a cloudy Saturday morning in July, a team of 15 women over 65 years old, known as the Old Ladies Against Underwater Garbage (OLAUG), looked for rubbish across Cape Cod. When the team returned, they joked about the trip. “We didn’t even know what it was,” one swimmer said with a laugh, showing an electronic cigarette they had found. “We had to ask a young person.” Part protection organization, part social club, OLAUG only accepted old women as its members. To improve the conditions of the ponds, the group made it its mission to take rubbish away from them. The idea of this group was from Susan. As a lifelong nature lover, she liked swimming in ponds. However, the world of the pond, which was a little polluted, made her anxious. Then she came up with a slogan (标语): “OVER 65, IF YOU’RE HEALTHY ENOUGH, IT IS THE AGE OF ACTION.” Soon many people joined her. They found a sense of wonder at the pond clean-up moments. And their team could do a lot more than people might think. When many people thanked OLAUG for what they had done, some questioned why they called themselves “old ladies”. “You should call yourselves the Mermaids Against Glitter Litter,” they said. 36．What does “another” in Paragraph 1 refer to? A．A pond. B．A swimmer. C．A lifeline. D．A boat. 37．The underlined word “mission” means “________”. A．an important task B．a fair game C．an interesting show D．a secret meeting 38．By searching for the rubbish in the ponds, OLAUG ________. A．found interest and did well B．changed people’s hobbies C．improved their health a lot D．won fame and got prizes 39．Why were the old women regarded as the Mermaids? A．They must be good at swimming. B．They could be trusted by some people. C．They should be responsible for their group. D．They might be thought young and beautiful. 40．What would be the best title for the passage? A．A swimming club B．A worrying pond C．A ducking moment D．A warning slogan 五、完形填空（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分） 阅读下面短文，理解大意，从所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，使短文连贯完整。 Last summer, we had a volunteer activity in a village school. In the school, I saw a name Feng Aiguo on a list. This man offered (自愿给予) much money to the school. I thought he must be a 41 man. One day, on my way home from school, my bike was broken. Luckily, I found a repairing stand (修车摊) across the street. An old man was 42 a bike. He was wearing a clean suit. He looked energetic (精力充沛的). While waiting, I knew 43 about him from the old man chatting there. He was Lao Feng and started 44 bikes after he retired (退休). Two months ago, his family moved to a new house. His son didn’t want him to repair bikes any longer. He bought him suits and asked him to 45 them and rest at home. But it didn’t work. The old man 46 his repairing work in his suits. After a while, the old man got my bike repaired. 47 I was leaving, an old lady came and called him “Aiguo”. Immediately (立即) the name on the list of the village school came into my mind. But how could such a common repairman 48 so much money? I asked him if he knew that village. He told me it was his hometown and the 49 there still needed help. So he always saved money by repairing bikes to help them. Then I was sure that he was the person on the 50 . 41．A．rich B．poor C．healthy D．unhealthy 42．A．selling B．washing C．riding D．repairing 43．A．everything B．something C．anything D．nothing 44．A．to repair B．repaired C．repair D．to be repaired 45．A．wear B．borrow C．make D．lend 46．A．stopped B．dropped C．closed D．continued 47．A．Unless B．When C．If D．Though 48．A．give away B．throw away C．take back D．give back 49．A．workers B．visitors C．climbers D．villagers 50．A．way B．map C．list D．book 六、任务型阅读（本大题共5小题，每小题2分，共10分） For most kids, the best thing for their birthday is having a birthday party. But thousands of children never celebrate their birthday. Thanks to Paige Chenault and her Birthday Party Project (项目), that is changing in the U.S.A． Every month, the Birthday Party Project holds birthday parties for the homeless (无家可归的) kids. For some kids, it is the first birthday party they have had. The Birthday Party Project wanted to make every kid feel special. “Everyone is special,” Paige said. So she started the Birthday Party Project in 2012 and the group’s first celebration was at a homeless shelter (避难所) in Texas. Today, the Birthday Party Project holds about 50 monthly parties in cities around the country. About 10,000 kids have celebrated their birthday. Dipson, 8, is one of those kids. He lives in a homeless shelter in Minnesota. At a party in March, he and other kids played games and ate cakes. They also opened gifts. “It was very fun,” he said. The Birthday Party Project has held parties for years. Kids always look forward to (盼望) them. “Many people come to the party,” Paige said. “It brings the whole place together.” There are many ways you can help other kids feel celebrated. Join the Birthday Party Project and visit the homeless shelters. Raise money by holding sales of old clothes and other activities. Give gifts to a homeless shelter. Make birthday cards for kids living in difficult places. Everyone can join in! 51．Who does the Birthday Party Project hold birthday parties for? 52．When did Paige start the project? 53．How many kids have celebrated their birthday with the help of the project? 54．What do you think of the project? 55．If you have a chance (机会) to help the project, what can you do? 七、短文填空（本大题共10小题，每小题1.5分，共15分） Last Sunday, our volunteer team went to the village primary school to help the left-behind children. We 56 (prepare) for this activity for half a month before we went. When we got to the school, we were 57 (warm) welcomed by the children and the teachers. We brought many books, pens and notebooks for the children. All the gifts 58 (give) to the children in the class meeting. We were divided into four groups to help the children. The first group taught the children to draw pictures. The second group taught them to sing English songs. The third group helped the children with their homework. The fourth group, which I was in, 59 (tell) the children interesting stories about the outside world. Many interesting games 60 (play) by us and the children together. We also took a lot of photos with them. When it was time for us to leave, many children cried and hoped we could come back again. This activity 61 (teach) us a lot. We learned that the left-behind children need more love and care. Now, more volunteer activities 62 (organize) in our school every term. We plan to go back to the school this summer holiday. We hope more students 63 (join) us. Volunteering is a great way to help others. Every small kind action can make the world 64 (good). We will keep 65 (do) volunteer work to help more people in need. 八、书面表达（共15分） 66．为了引导学生合理利用业余时间，丰富业余生活，近日，学校决定开展以“充实业余生活，绽放多彩人生”为主题的演讲比赛。请你以“Do Something Meaningful in Our Free Time”为题，根据以下要点提示，用英语写一篇演讲稿。要点提示： Improve ourselves 1.做运动，避免生病 2.阅读，提升自我 3.… Stay with family 1.谈心，保持良好的情绪； 2.一起做家务，共同成长 3.… Do something for society 1.帮助社区打扫卫生，共同保护环境 2.… 写作要求： 1.字迹工整，书写规范，文中须包含表格中的全部要点，可适当发挥； 2.文中不得出现真实姓名、班级和学校名称； 3.不少于80词，开头已给出，不计入总词数。 Do Something Meaningful in Our Free Time Boys and girls, it is important to make full use of our free time. As students, how can we make our free time meaningful? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 参考答案 一、 1. patients 解析：many 后接可数名词复数，patient 的复数形式是 patients。 2. medical 解析：此处修饰名词 volunteer，用 medicine 的形容词形式 medical，意为“医疗的”。 3. operate 解析：will 后接动词原形，operation 的动词形式是 operate。 4. grateful 解析：be 动词后接形容词，grate 的形容词形式是 grateful，意为“感激的”。 5. training 解析：more 后接名词，train 的名词形式是 training，意为“培训”。 6. organization 解析：此处作主语，用 organize 的名词形式 organization，意为“组织”。 7. progress 解析：progress 是不可数名词，无复数形式，make progress 意为“取得进步”。 8. interviewer 解析：此处作主语，用 interview 的名词形式 interviewer，意为“采访者”。 9. directly 解析：此处修饰动词 treat，用 direct 的副词形式 directly，意为“直接地”。 10. leaflets 解析：these 后接可数名词复数，leaflet 的复数形式是 leaflets。 二、 1. B 解析：afford to do sth. 是固定搭配，意为“负担得起做某事”。 2. B 解析：operate on sb. 是固定短语，意为“给某人做手术”。 3. A 解析：leaflet 意为“传单，小册子”，hand out leaflets 表示“分发传单”。 4. C 解析：aim 作名词意为“目的，目标”，符合句意。 5. A 解析：grateful 意为“感激的”，be grateful to sb. 表示“感激某人”。 6. A 解析：carry on with sth. 是固定搭配，意为“继续做某事”。 7. A 解析：in addition 意为“除……以外（还）”，符合语境。 8. B 解析：interviewer 意为“采访者”，符合句意。 9. A 解析：cure 作动词意为“治好（疾病）；治愈”，符合句意。 10. A 解析：make progress 是固定短语，意为“取得进步”。 三、 1. organization; aims 解析：organization 意为“组织”；aim to do sth. 意为“旨在做某事”，主语为单数，动词用第三人称单数形式。 2. carry on 解析：carry on with sth. 是固定短语，意为“继续做某事”。 3. grateful to 解析：be grateful to sb. 是固定搭配，意为“感激某人”。 4. In addition 解析：in addition 意为“除……以外（还）”，句首首字母大写。 5. miss out 解析：miss out on 是固定短语，意为“错失机会”。 6. interviewer; treating 解析：interviewer 意为“采访者”；about 是介词，后接动词-ing 形式。 7. blind 解析：blind 作形容词意为“失明的”，修饰名词 people。 8. cure; found 解析：cure 作名词意为“药物，疗法”；此处为现在完成时的被动语态，用 find 的过去分词 found。 9. afford to go 解析：afford to do sth. 意为“负担得起做某事”；go to hospital 意为“去看病”。 10. influential; champions 解析：influential 意为“有影响力的”；champion 意为“捍卫者”，主语为复数，用复数形式。 四、 A 31．C 32．A 33．B 34．D 35．D 【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了英国的国家花园计划（NGS），该计划通过开放私人花园供人参观来筹集善款，用于支持护理和健康慈善机构。文章还介绍了NGS的历史、筹款成果以及其“花园与健康”项目对人们健康的积极影响。 31．第一段说明“Do you know that taking good care of gardens can be a way of doing charity? That’s what the National Garden Scheme (NGS) has been doing.”，直接表明国家花园计划（NGS）是一个做慈善的计划。 32．第二段指出原因“At a meeting in 1926, Miss Elsie Wagg came up with the idea of raising money for district nursing through the nation’s obsession (沉迷) with gardening.”，这直接说明了Elsie Wagg小姐选择花园作为筹款方式是因为英国人对园艺的热爱。 33．第三段提到“It made a donation of £3.5 million in 2024 and about 70 pence in every £1 (1 pound=100 pence) went straight to organizations like Macmillan Cancer Support...”，因此，2024年NGS捐赠了350万英镑，其中每1英镑中有70便士直接捐给了像麦克米伦癌症支持这样的组织，所以直接捐给麦克米伦癌症支持等组织的金额约为350万×0.7=245万英镑，即About £2.45 million。 34．最后一段指出“Its Gardens and Health programme also shows people the important role of gardening and gardens in helping open a path to health.”，表明了学习园艺是个好主意，因为它可以帮助你过上健康的生活。 35．第一段提到“Do you know that taking good care of gardens can be a way of doing charity? That’s what the National Garden Scheme (NGS) has been doing.”以及结合全文内容，文章主要介绍了NGS，一种为慈善机构筹集资金的方式。 B 36．B 37．A 38．A 39．D 40．C 【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了由65岁以上老年女性组成的“老年女性反对水下垃圾”组织（OLAUG）在科德角清理池塘垃圾的活动，介绍了该组织的成立原因、成员构成、活动情况以及人们对她们的看法等。 36．第一段提到“A swimmer ducked into (扎入) the water with a lifeline connected to a boat. Soon, she appeared, holding a pair of bright blue swimming glasses. They were passed to another, then into the boat.”，一名游泳者扎入水中，拿着从水里找到的游泳眼镜，然后传递给另一个人，接着再传到船上，这里传递的流程是从游泳者到另一个人再到船上，所以“another”指代的是另一名游泳者。 37．第四段“To improve the conditions of the ponds, the group made it its mission to take rubbish away from them.”可知，为了改善池塘的状况，这个组织把从池塘里带走垃圾作为自己的“mission”，结合语境可知，这里应该是把从池塘里带走垃圾当作一项重要任务，所以“mission”意思是“an important task”。 38．第五段“They found a sense of wonder at the pond clean-up moments. And their team could do a lot more than people might think.”可知，OLAUG在池塘清理垃圾的过程中发现了乐趣，并且她们的团队能做的比人们想象的要多，也就是做得很好。 39．文中最后一段，有人建议她们称自己为“Mermaids Against Glitter Litter”，美人鱼通常象征在水中优雅美丽的形象，尽管这些女性是“old women”，但她们在池塘中清理垃圾的行动力和在水中的表现，让人们联想到美人鱼在水中的形象，认为她们像年轻美丽的美人鱼。 40．文章开头描述了潜水找垃圾的场景，且全文围绕她们的潜水清理行动展开，“A ducking moment”译为“一个潜水时刻”，能概括主要内容，符合标题要求。 五、 41．A 42．D 43．B 44．A 45．A 46．D 47．B 48．A 49．D 50．C 【解析】本文讲述了作者在修车摊遇到一位衣着整洁、退休后坚持修车的老人，后来发现他就是那位默默为乡村学校捐资助学的冯爱国，展现了一位普通劳动者的善举与爱心。 41．句意：我想他一定是个有钱人。 前文提到此人给学校捐了很多钱，作者推测他一定很“有钱”。rich意为“富有的”，符合语境。poor“贫穷的”、healthy“健康的”、unhealthy“不健康的”，均不符合。 42．句意：一位老人正在修理一辆自行车。 前文提到“repairing stand”，此处老人正在“修理”自行车。repairing意为“修理”，符合语境。selling“卖”、washing“洗”、riding“骑”，均不符合。 43．句意：在等待的时候，我从在那里聊天的老人那里了解了一些关于他的事情。 空处位于肯定句中，应填something，know something about sb是固定搭配，意为“了解一些关于某人的事情”。everything“一切”、anything“任何事”（常用于否定/疑问）、nothing“没有事”，均不符合。 44．句意：他是老冯，退休后开始修自行车。 start to do sth表示“开始做某事”，是固定用法，所以填动词不定式to repair。主语是He，此处是主动语态，所以D项排除。 45．句意：他给他买了西装，让他穿上，在家休息。 买西装是为了让他穿上。wear意为“穿”，符合语境。borrow“借”、make“制作”、lend“借出”，均不符合。 46．句意：老人继续穿着西装干他的修车活。 儿子劝他休息，但他仍然“继续”修车。continued意为“继续”，符合语境。stopped“停止”、dropped“放弃”、closed“关闭”，均不符合。 47．句意：当我正要离开时，一位老妇人走过来叫他“爱国”。 此处表示“当我正要离开时”，when引导时间状语从句，表示“当……时”。Unless“除非”、If“如果”、Though“虽然”，均不符合。 48．句意：但这样一个普通的修车工怎么能捐出这么多钱呢？ 根据“so much money”可知，此处指给学校捐钱。give away意为“捐赠”，符合搭配。throw away“扔掉”、take back“收回”、give back“归还”，均不符合。 49．句意：他告诉我那是他的家乡，那里的村民仍然需要帮助。 前文提到村庄，需要帮助的人是“村民”。villagers意为“村民”，符合语境。workers“工人”、visitors“游客”、climbers“登山者”，均不符合。 50．句意：于是我确定他就是名单上的那个人。 文章开头提到“saw a name Feng Aiguo on a list”，此处呼应，说明他就是名单上的人。list意为“名单”，符合语境。way“方式”、map“地图”、book“书”，均不符合。 六、 51．For the homeless kids. 52．In 2012. 53．About 10000 kids. 54．It is very fun and meaningful. 55．I will give gifts to a homeless shelter. 【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了Paige Chenault在2012年创办了生日派对项目，该项目每月为美国各地的无家可归儿童举办生日派对，至今已有约一万名孩子借此庆祝了生日，同时文章还介绍了人们可以通过多种方式参与该项目帮助这些孩子的相关内容。 51．第二段明确提到：“Every month, the Birthday Party Project holds birthday parties for the homeless kids”，直接提取原文中的人物信息。 52．第三段明确提到：“So she started the Birthday Party Project in 2012”，直接提取原文中的时间信息。 53．第四段明确提到：“About 10,000 kids have celebrated their birthday”，直接提取原文中的数量信息。 54．通读全文可知，这个项目为无家可归的孩子举办生日派对，让孩子们感受到特别和温暖，还凝聚了众人的力量，是有趣的、有帮助的、有意义的、很棒的一个公益项目，围绕此核心作答即可，答案不唯一。 55．第六段列举了帮助该项目的多种方式：“Join the Birthday Party Project and visit the homeless shelters. Raise money by holding sales of old clothes and other activities. Give gifts to a homeless shelter. Make birthday cards for kids living in difficult places”，结合这些内容作答即可，答案不唯一。 七、 56．had prepared 57．warmly 58．were given 59．told 60．were played 61．taught 62．are organized 63．will join 64．better 65．doing 【解析】本文讲述了志愿者团队去乡村小学帮助留守儿童的经历，通过这次志愿活动，作者明白了留守儿童需要更多关爱，也呼吁更多人参与志愿活动，传递善意。 56．句意：在出发前，我们为这次活动准备了半个月。 句子中“before we went”表示“在我们去之前”，是过去的过去，因此用过去完成时，结构为had+过去分词，prepare的过去分词为prepared。 57．句意：当我们到达学校时，我们受到了孩子们和老师们的热烈欢迎。 warm为形容词，需变为副词warmly修饰动词welcomed。 58．句意：所有礼物在班会上被分发给了孩子们。 主语All the gifts与动词give是被动关系，用被动语态；时态为一般过去时，主语是复数，用were；give的过去分词为given。 59．句意：我所在的第四组给孩子们讲了关于外面世界的有趣故事。 句子时态为一般过去时，tell的过去式为told。 60．句意：我们和孩子们一起玩了很多有趣的游戏。 主语Many interesting games与动词play是被动关系，用被动语态；时态为一般过去时，主语是复数，用were；play的过去分词为played。 61．句意：这次活动教会了我们很多。 句子时态为一般过去时，teach的过去式为taught。 62．句意：现在，我们学校每学期都会组织更多的志愿活动。 主语more volunteer activities与动词organize是被动关系，用被动语态；时间状语Now表示一般现在时，主语是复数，用are；organize的过去分词为organized。 63．句意：我们希望更多的学生加入我们。 hope后接宾语从句，表示将来的愿望，用一般将来时，结构为will+动词原形，需填will join。 64．句意：每一个小小的善举都能让世界变得更美好。 make sth.+形容词比较级表示“让某物变得更……”，good的比较级为better。 65．句意：我们会继续做志愿工作，帮助更多有需要的人。 keep doing sth.是固定搭配，意为“持续做某事”，do的动名词为doing。    八、 Do Something Meaningful in Our Free Time Boys and girls, it is important to make full use of our free time. As students, how can we make our free time meaningful? First, we can improve ourselves. For example, we can do sports to keep healthy and avoid getting sick. Reading is also a good choice because it helps us learn more and become better. Second, we should stay with our family. Talking to our parents makes us feel happy and less worried. Doing housework together, such as cleaning the room or washing dishes, helps us grow and understand each other better. Third, we can do something for society. We can help clean up our community to protect the environment. Let’s take action now and make our free time meaningful! [第一步：审题立意] 确定文体：演讲稿 时态：一般现在时 人称：第一人称复数（we，面向全体学生） 明确要点：围绕“充实业余生活”，从提升自我、陪伴家人、服务社会三个维度展开，涵盖表格所有要点，可适当发挥 注意事项：词数不少于80词，开头已给出不计入总词数；不得出现真实姓名、班级、校名；字迹工整、条理清晰    [第二步：构思布局] 总分总结构 第一段：沿用开头句，点明主题，引出如何让业余时间更有意义 第二段：分三个层次展开——提升自我、陪伴家人、服务社会，对应表格要点 第三段：发出号召，呼吁大家行动起来，让业余生活更有意义    [第三步：要点展开] 提升自我部分：do sports to keep healthy / read to improve ourselves / learn new skills 具体示例：First, we can improve ourselves. For example, we can do sports to keep healthy and avoid getting sick. Reading is also a good choice because it helps us learn more and become better. 陪伴家人部分：talk with family to keep good mood / do housework together to grow / share daily stories 具体示例：Second, we should stay with our family. Talking to our parents makes us feel happy and less worried. Doing housework together, such as cleaning the room or washing dishes, helps us grow and understand each other better. 服务社会部分：help clean up the community to protect the environment / volunteer in public places 具体示例：Third, we can do something for society. We can help clean up our community to protect the environment, making our home more beautiful. 结尾号召：Let’s take action now and make our free time meaningful! 6 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 1 / 27 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $