专题01 一般过去时的被动语态（期中复习讲义）八年级英语下学期鲁教版五四制

专题01 一般过去时的被动语态（期中复习讲义） 内 容 导 航 考情透视·目标导航 透析期中考向，锚定备考重心 知识梳理·方法技巧 梳理核心脉络，扫除知识盲区 知识点01 被动语态的构成 知识点02 动词的过去分词 知识点03 时间标志词 考场练兵·分层实战 阶梯实战演练，验收复习成效 考情透视·目标导航 常考题型 内容要点 命题趋势 单项选择 语法选择 语法填空 1. 被动语态的构成； 2. 动词的过去分词； 1. ‌语境化考查成为主流：不再只给空让你填 was/were done，而是放在对话、小故事、新闻简介、历史介绍里，让你根据时间 + 主语 + 动作关系判断。 2.一般在介绍名人、发明、历史建筑、过去事件的文章里。 知识梳理·方法技巧 知识点01 一般过去时的被动语态的构成 句式 结构 肯定句 主语+was/were +过去分词(+by+动作执行者)+其他. 否定句 主语+was/were not +过去分词(+by+动作执行者)+其他. 一般疑问句 Was/Were +主语+过去分词(+by+动作执行者)+其他? 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词+was/were(+主语)+过去分词(+by+动作执行者)+其他? 典例01 1．The letter ________ by my sister yesterday. A．sends B．sent C．was sent D．is sent 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这封信昨天被我妹妹寄出了。 根据时间状语“yesterday”可知，句子时态为一般过去时；主语“The letter”与动词send是被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态；主语是单数，be动词用was，动词send的过去分词为sent。 即时检测 1．The telephone ________ by Bell in 1876. A．invented B．is invented C．was invented D．invents 【答案】C 【详解】句意：电话是在1876年被贝尔发明的。 主语The telephone“电话”与动词invent“发明”之间是被动关系，应该用被动语态，句中“in 1876”是过去时间，此处应该用一般过去时的被动语态，应填was invented。 2．These beautiful photos ________ by my father when he was in Beijing two years ago. A．take B．took C．are taken D．were taken 【答案】D 【详解】句意：这些漂亮的照片是我的父亲两年前在北京时拍的。 根据句中“when he was in Beijing two years ago”可知，动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时。主语“These beautiful photos”与动词take之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，即“照片被拍摄”，需使用被动语态。一般过去时的被动语态结构为“was/were+过去分词”。主语为复数，助动词应用were，take的过去分词为taken。 3．—Hi, Tom! Did you watch the documentary about space at the school hall yesterday? —No, I didn’t. I heard it ________ only once, and I arrived too late to get a seat. A．shows B．is shown C．has shown D．was shown 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——嗨，汤姆！你昨天在学校礼堂看了关于太空的纪录片吗？ ——没有，我没看。我听说它只放映了一次，而且我到得太晚，没抢到座位。 “纪录片”与“放映”是被动关系，且事件发生在“yesterday”，需用一般过去时被动语态，应填was shown。 4．Hou Yi ______ magic medicine for shooting down the nine suns, and then Pang Meng tried to steal it. A．gave B．has given C．will give D．was given 【答案】D 【详解】句意：后羿因射下九个太阳而被赐予了仙药，然后逢蒙试图偷走它。 根据语境可知，后羿是被赐予了仙药，所以句子应用被动语态，其结构是“be+done”；再结合“tried”可知，句子应用一般过去时，主语是第三人称单数形式，所以be动词应用was，give的过去分词是given。应填was given。 5．I ________ to give a career talk in our school next week. I’m preparing for it now. A．will invite B．invite C．was invited D．will be invited 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我被邀请下周在我们学校做一个职业讲座。我现在正在为此做准备。 主语I与动词invite之间是被动关系，需用被动语态；根据“I’m preparing for it now”表明邀请已成事实，应使用过去时态被动结构“was invited”表示“已被邀请”的状态，应填was invited。 知识点02 动词的过去分词 1.规则变化 变化规则 例词 一般动词，直接 +ed work → worked clean → cleaned 以 e 结尾 → 直接 + d live → lived love → loved 以 “辅音 + y” 结尾 → 变 y 为 i + ed study → studied carry → carried 重读闭音节，辅元辅结尾 → 双写尾字母 + ed stop → stopped plan → planned drop → dropped 2.不规则变化 变化规则 例词 A-B-C 型（原形 - 过去式 - 过去分词都不同） eat → ate → eaten write → wrote → written see → saw → seen do → did → done go → went → gone take → took → taken speak → spoke → spoken A-B-B 型（过去式 = 过去分词） build → built → built buy → bought → bought bring → brought → brought think → thought → thought teach → taught → taught catch → caught → caught sell → sold → sold tell → told → told leave → left → left sleep → slept → slept feel → felt → felt A-A-A 型（三者都一样） put → put → put let → let → let cut → cut → cut read → read → read A-B-A 型（原形 = 过去分词） come → came → come become → became → become 典例01 1．礼物是妈妈送给我的。 ____________________________________ 【答案】The gift was given to me by my mother. 【详解】“礼物是妈妈送给我的”译为“The gift was given to me by my mother”。“礼物”译为the gift，作主语，句首首字母大写；“被送给”译为was given，描述过去发生的动作，且主语与谓语之间为被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态；“我”译为me，作间接宾语；“被妈妈”译为by my mother，作状语。 即时检测 1．这些书是昨天卖完的。 ____________________________________ 【答案】These books were sold out yesterday. 【详解】“这些书是昨天卖完的”译为“These books were sold out yesterday”。“这些书”译为these books，作主语，句首首字母大写；“被卖完”译为were sold out，描述过去发生的动作，且主语与谓语之间为被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态；“昨天”译为yesterday，时间状语。 2．窗户被汤姆打破了。 ____________________________________ 【答案】The window was broken by Tom. 【详解】“窗户被汤姆打破了”译为“The window was broken by Tom”。“窗户”译为the window，作主语，句首首字母大写；“被打破”译为was broken，描述过去发生的动作，且主语与谓语之间为被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是单数，be动词用was；“被汤姆”译为by Tom，作状语。 3．这封信是昨天寄的。 ____________________________________ 【答案】The letter was sent yesterday. 【详解】“这封信是昨天寄的”译为“The letter was sent yesterday”。“这封信”译为the letter，作主语，句首首字母大写；“被寄”译为was sent，描述过去发生的动作，且主语与谓语之间为被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是单数，be动词用was；“昨天”译为yesterday，时间状语。 考场练兵·分层实战 基础通关练（测试时间：10分钟） 一、单项选择 1．The broken bike ________ by my father yesterday. A．repaired B．is repaired C．was repaired D．will be repaired 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这辆坏了的自行车是我爸爸昨天修的。 根据“yesterday”可知，句子时态为一般过去时；主语“The broken bike”和谓语动词“repair”之间是被动关系，表示自行车被修理，因此要用一般过去时的被动语态，其结构为“was/were+动词的过去分词”，主语是单数，be动词用was，repair的过去分词是repaired。 2．The little girl ________ by her uncle last night. A．looked after B．is looked after C．was looked after D．will be looked after 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这个小女孩昨晚是被她的叔叔照顾的。 由“by her uncle”可知句子要用被动语态，结构为be + 过去分词；由“last night”可知时态为一般过去时，be动词用was或were，主语The little girl为单数，故用was。应填was looked after。 3．—When ________ this computer ________? —Last year. A．is; bought B．was; bought C．will; be bought D．does; buy 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——这台电脑是什么时候被购买的？——去年。 根据答语“Last year”可知句子时态为一般过去时，排除A、C项；主语“this computer”与动词“buy”之间是被动关系，需用被动语态，排除D项。一般过去时被动语态结构为“was/were +过去分词”。 4．A new bridge ________ over the river last year. A．is built B．was built C．will be built D．built 【答案】B 【详解】句意：去年那条河上建了一座新桥。 根据时间状语last year可知，句子时态为一般过去时；主语A new bridge与动词build之间是被动关系，所以要用一般过去时的被动语态，结构为was/were+过去分词。应填was built。 5．The money ________ to the charity last month. A．donated B．was donated C．is donated D．donates 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这笔钱上个月被捐赠给了慈善机构。 分析句子结构可知，主语“The money”与动词donate之间是被动关系，应使用被动语态（be+done）。根据句末时间状语“last month”可知，动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时。主语money为不可数名词，助动词用was。故使用一般过去时的被动语态。 6．These magazines ________ out of the library just now. A．weren’t taken B．didn’t take C．aren’t taken D．don’t take 【答案】A 【详解】句意：这些杂志刚刚不是从图书馆被拿出去的。 根据“just now”可知，句子时态为一般过去时，且主语“These magazines”和谓语动词“take”之间是被动关系，表示杂志被拿出图书馆，因此这里用一般过去时的被动语态，其结构为“was/were+过去分词”，主语为复数，be动词用were，否定形式为weren’t，take的过去分词为taken。应填weren’t taken。 7．The little boy ________ by his father yesterday. A．punished B．was punished C．is punished D．punishes 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这个小男孩昨天被他父亲惩罚了。 主语The little boy与punish之间为被动关系，yesterday提示一般过去时，被动语态结构为was/were + 过去分词，主语The little boy为第三人称单数，应填was punished。 8．The storybook ________ by the students last week. A．read B．was read C．is read D．reads 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这本故事书上周被学生们阅读了。 根据时间状语last week可知，句子时态为一般过去时；主语The storybook与动词read之间是被动关系，且由by the students提示，故使用一般过去时的被动语态（was/were+done）。主语是单数，所以用was read。 9．The work ________ before dark yesterday. A．finished B．was finished C．is finished D．finishes 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这项工作在昨天天黑前就完成了。 句中时间状语yesterday表示过去的时间，需用一般过去时；主语The work是动作finish的承受者，需用被动语态，因此用一般过去时的被动语态was finished。 10．The glass ________ by the cat just now. A．broke B．was broken C．is broken D．breaks 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这个玻璃杯刚才被猫打碎了。 句中时间状语just now表示过去的时间，需用一般过去时；主语The glass是动作break的承受者，且有被动标志by the cat，因此用一般过去时的被动语态was broken。 重难突破练（测试时间：20分钟） 一、单词拼写 1．The final painting ________ (give) to a friend as a present. 【答案】was given 【详解】句意：这幅最终的画作被作为礼物送给了一位朋友。主语The final painting与动词give是被动关系，要用被动语态；句子描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是单数，be动词用was，give的过去分词是given。 2．The operation ________ (do) by volunteer doctors yesterday. 【答案】was done 【详解】句意：这个手术是昨天由志愿医生完成的。句中“yesterday”提示本句时态为一般过去时，句子主语“The operation”与动词do是被动关系，需要用被动语态，一般过去时的被动结构为“was/were + 过去分词”，主语是单数，be动词用was，动词do的过去分词为done，故填was done。 3．Nancy looked ________ calm, but she was actually ________ by the news.(surprise) 【答案】 surprisingly surprised 【详解】句意：南希看起来出人意料地平静，但实际上她被这个消息惊到了。根据“calm”是形容词可知，第①空应该使用副词修饰，surprisingly副词，修饰形容词calm，表示“惊人地、出人意料地平静”。第②空，由“was...by”可知，此处是被动语态，表示“被惊讶”，所以用surprise的过去分词，be surprised by是固定搭配，表示“被……惊讶到”。 4．—I’m sorry that all the tickets to the charity show ________ (sell) out half an hour ago. —What a pity! 【答案】were sold 【详解】句意：——很抱歉，慈善演出的所有门票在半小时前就卖光了。——真可惜！“ticket”与“sell”是逻辑上的动宾关系，结合“half an hour ago”可知，空处需用一般过去时的被动语态“was/were done”结构表达；主语为复数，be动词用were，sell的过去分词为sold。 5．The 32nd Olympic Games ________ (hold) in Paris in 2024, and it focused a lot on green ideas. 【答案】was held 【详解】句意：第32届奥运会在巴黎举行，并重点关注了环保理念。主语“The 32nd Olympic Games”与谓语动词“hold”之间为被动关系，时间状语“in 2024”表示过去的时间，需用一般过去时的被动语态，结构为“was/were + 过去分词”，根据后半句的代词“it”可知，此处主语The 32nd Olympic Games视为单数概念，be动词用was，hold的过去分词为held。 6．This famous book was written by Lu Xun and ________ (publisher) by People’s Literature Press in 1921. 【答案】published 【详解】句意：这本名著是鲁迅写的，于 1921年由人民文学出版社出版。句子主语the book与“出版”构成被动关系，且前半句用了一般过去时的被动语态was written，and连接并列谓语，需保持时态和语态一致；publisher是名词，意为“出版商”，其动词形式为publish，此处用过去分词published，与前面的was共用，避免重复。 7．The team ________ (welcome) as heroes when they got back to the city. 【答案】were welcomed 【详解】句意：这支队伍回城时被当作英雄欢迎。主语the team与welcome是被动关系，且时间状语从句“when they got back to the city”是一般过去时，主句时态需保持一致，应用一般过去时的被动语态，即“was/were+过去分词”，主语是“The team”以及“heroes”和“they”可知，此处be动词用were，welcome的过去分词是welcomed。 8．________ the story ________ (create) first? 【答案】 Was created 【详解】句意：这个故事是最初被创作出来的吗？句中“the story”（故事）与“create”（创作）之间是被动关系，即故事被人创作，应用被动语态（be + 过去分词）；且时间状语first表示过去，因此be动词用Was（句首首字母大写）；动词create“创作”的过去分词为created。 9．Her birthday presents ________ (hide) in their bedroom. 【答案】were hidden 【详解】句意：她的生日礼物被藏在了他们的卧室里。主语Her birthday presents是复数，逻辑上生日礼物是“被藏”，和动词hide（隐藏）是被动关系，因此要用被动结构be+动词过去分词，hide的过去分词是不规则变化hidden；描述过去发生的事件用一般过去时，复数主语对应be动词的过去式复数were。 10．The first ink-wash animated film ________ (make) in 1960 and it was a great success. 【答案】was made 【详解】句意：第一部水墨动画电影制作于1960年，并取得了巨大成功。句中时间状语“in 1960”是过去的时间，因此时态用一般过去时；主语“The first ink-wash animated film”和动词“make”之间是被动关系，因此要用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是单数，be动词用was，make的过去分词是made。 二、完成句子 1．She cleaned the room just now.（改为被动语态） The room ________ ________ by her just now. 【答案】 was cleaned 【详解】句意：她刚刚打扫了房间。由cleaned可知，原句为一般过去时，要求改写的句子需用一般过去时的被动语态，其结构是were/was+动词的过去分词。主语The room是单数，因此be动词用was；动词clean的过去分词为cleaned。故填was；cleaned。 2．He wrote a letter to his friend yesterday.（改为被动语态） A letter ________ ________ to his friend by him yesterday. 【答案】 was written 【详解】句意：昨天他写了一封信给他的朋友。根据“yesterday”可知，此处用一般过去时。主语“A letter”和“write”是被动关系，此处应为一般过去时的被动语态。write是不规则动词，其过去分词为written，主语是单数形式，应填was written。 3．They hid a great deal of treasure under the tree when they left. (改为被动语态并对划线部分提问) ________ ________ ________ under the tree ________ them when they left? 【答案】 What was hidden by 【详解】句意：他们离开时在树下藏了很多财宝。划线部分“a great deal of treasure”表示事物，应用疑问词what“什么”进行提问，位于句首，首字母要大写；原句时态为一般过去时，疑问句中，主语what与动词hide“隐藏”之间为被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态，其结构为“was/were done by sb”，主语是what，助动词应用was，hide的过去分词为hidden。 4．我看到一条黄色的手环系在她的手腕上。 I saw that a yellow band ________ ________ ________ her wrist. 【答案】 was attached to 【详解】原句中“系在……上”是关键词，表示“被系在……上”的被动结构是be attached to。主句谓语saw是一般过去时，宾语从句描述过去的状态，也用过去时态；黄色手环是“被系”，需要用被动语态，主语a yellow band是单数，因此be动词用was。 5．《蒙娜丽莎》是由列奥纳多·达·芬奇在1503年至1505年间创作的。   The Mona Lisa ________ ________ by Leonardo da Vinci between 1503 and 1505. 【答案】 was painted 【详解】原句中“由……创作”是关键词短语，其英文表达为“be painted by”，表示某作品是由某人创作的。根据原句中的时间状语“在1503年至1505年间”可知，该句描述的是过去发生的事情，因此应使用一般过去时。同时，由于“The Mona Lisa”是单数名词，所以be动词应选用“was”。 综合拓展练（测试时间：10分钟） 一、语法填空 阅读短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内所给词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连贯。 As 1 old saying goes, a good book is like a good friend. If so, my best friend must be The Old Man and the Sea by American writer Ernest Hemingway. In my eyes, Ernest Hemingway is probably one of the 2 (great) writers in the 20th century. When he was 19, he volunteered to go to war because he wanted to take risks. However, he was badly hurt in the war and 3 (get) back home. In Hemingway’s life, this experience was important. He wrote several books about the war 4 (show) how bad life was for the young men who had to fight. Hemingway liked to write in very short sentences with simple words. This was because he wanted his readers to feel the emotions of his stories 5 (clear). The Old Man and the Sea is one of his famous books. I 6 (read) it twice. I learned a lot from this book, especially the spirit of the main character, Santiago. The Old Man and the Sea is a story about an old fisherman named Santiago who fights with a big fish by himself in the sea. He experiences many ups and downs. He 7 (have) no water, food or people to help him. But he never stops fighting with the big fish, dangerous animals, rough sea or even his own 8 (ill). Although the story is short and simple, it is still very powerful. It tells us that a man can be destroyed by life, 9 can still be a good and strong man. That’s why I like the book most. Every time I read it, it cheers me 10 . I hope I can be like Santiago. 【答案】 1．an 2．greatest 3．got 4．to show 5．clearly 6．have read 7．has 8．illnesses 9．but 10．up 【导语】这是一篇记叙文，作者以一句谚语引出自己最喜欢的书籍《老人与海》，介绍了该书作者海明威的生平经历、写作风格，以及这本书的主要内容和带给自己的启示。 1．句意：正如一句老话所说，一本好书就像一位好朋友。old是以元音音素开头的单词，且此处表示“一句”，用不定冠词an。故填an。 2．句意：在我看来，欧内斯特・海明威或许是20世纪最伟大的作家之一。“one of the + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数”是固定结构，意为“最……之一”，great “伟大的”的最高级形式为greatest。故填greatest。 3．句意：然而，他在战争中受了重伤，然后回到了家。and连接并列谓语，前半句用一般过去时，get的过去式为got，时态保持一致，构成got back home，表示“回到家”。故填got。 4．句意：他写了几本关于战争的书，以此来展现那些被迫参战的年轻人的生活有多糟糕。此处用动词不定式to show作目的状语，说明写书的目的。故填to show。 5．句意：这是因为他想让读者清晰地感受到他故事里的情感。clear是形容词，此处修饰动词feel，需用其副词形式clearly。故填clearly。 6．句意：这本书我已经读了两遍。根据“twice”可知，此处强调动作已经完成，用现在完成时，结构为“have/has + 过去分词”，主语I为第一人称，助动词用have，read的过去分词为read。故填have read。 7．句意：他没有水、食物，也没有人来帮助他。文章讲述书中故事用一般现在时，主语He是第三人称单数，谓语动词have用第三人称单数形式has。故填has。 8．句意：但他从未停止与大鱼、危险的动物、汹涌的大海甚至自己的疾病抗争。own是形容词，后接名词，ill的名词形式为illness，此处表示泛指，用复数形式illnesses。故填illnesses。 9．句意：它告诉我们，一个人可能会被生活摧毁，但仍然可以成为一个善良且坚强的人。前半句和后半句是转折关系，用连词but连接。故填but。 10．句意：每次我读它，它都能让我振作起来。cheer sb. up 是固定短语，意为“使某人振作起来”。故填up。 二、语法选择 Sir Isaac Newton was born 1 4th January 1643 on a farm in the village of Woolsthorpe in Lincolnshire. As a young boy, he lived with his grandmother before starting school. His mother wanted him 2 a farmer and take care of the family farm, but Isaac had other plans. He was far 3 in research and experimentation than in farming. Isaac moved to live in Cambridge in 1661 so that he 4 attend university. There, he learnt about nature and read books about ancient Greek thinkers. Many people in Isaac’s time still believed that   5 Earth was the centre of the universe. 6 a terrible illness called the plague (瘟疫) spread through Cambridge, many people became sick. To stay 7 , Isaac went back to his home in the countryside. While he 8 there, he made some of his most important discoveries. His discoveries changed the world in many ways. Sir Isaac Newton is remembered as one of the greatest scientists in history. His discoveries about light, gravity and movement changed 9 people see the universe. Even today, his work continues to influence science and mathematics around the world. 10 amazing scientist he was! 1．A．in B．at C．on 2．A．be B．to be C．being 3．A．interested B．more interested C．most interested 4．A．had to B．should C．could 5．A．an B．the C．/ 6．A．When B．Although C．Because 7．A．safe B．safely C．safety 8．A．lived B．was living C．had lived 9．A．how B．what C．why 10．A．How B．What C．What an 【答案】 1．C 2．B 3．B 4．C 5．B 6．A 7．A 8．B 9．A 10．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了世界著名科学家艾萨克·牛顿爵士的生平经历，包括他的出生、求学之路、在鼠疫期间做出的重大科学发现及其对后世科学界的深远影响。 1．句意：艾萨克·牛顿爵士于1643年1月4日出生在林肯郡伍尔索普村的一个农场里。 根据原文“Newton was born…4th January 1643”可知，1643年1月4日为具体的日期。表示在具体的某一天应用介词on。 2．句意：他的母亲希望他成为一名农民并照管家庭农场，但艾萨克有其他计划。 根据原文“His mother wanted him…a farmer”可知，此处是固定搭配“want sb. to do sth.”（想要某人做某事）。 3．句意：他对研究和实验的兴趣远远超过对务农的兴趣。 根据原文“He was far…in research…than in farming.”可知，句中出现了比较级标志词“than”。形容词interested的比较级应在前面加more。 4．句意：1661年，艾萨克搬到剑桥居住，以便能够上大学。 根据原文“Newton moved to live in Cambridge in 1661 so that he…attend university.”可知，此处是由so that引导的目的状语从句。结合主句过去时态背景，从句应用情态动词can的过去式could表示可能性。 5．句意：在艾萨克的时代，许多人仍然认为地球是宇宙的中心。 根据原文“…believed that…Earth was the centre…”可知，Earth作为独一无二的星球名称，其前通常需加定冠词the。 6．句意：当一种叫做瘟疫的可怕疾病在剑桥传播时，许多人生病了。 根据原文“…a terrible illness called the plague (瘟疫) spread through Cambridge, many people became sick.”可知，此处引导时间状语从句，表示“当……的时候”。 7．句意：为了保持安全，艾萨克回到了乡下的家中。 根据原文“To stay…, Isaac went back…”可知，stay在此处作连系动词，后接形容词作表语。safe为形容词，符合语境。 8．句意：当他住在那里时，他做出了一些最重要的发现。 根据原文“While he…there, he made some of his most important discoveries.”可知，while引导的时间状语从句常使用进行时态。结合全文过去时的背景，此处指他在乡村居住的那段时间里持续发生的动作，应用过去进行时。 9．句意：他关于光、引力和运动的发现改变了人们看待宇宙的方式。 根据原文“…discoveries…changed…people see the universe.”可知，此处考查宾语从句的连接词。how表示“以何种方式/如何”，符合“改变了观察方式”的逻辑。 10．句意：他是一位多么了不起的科学家啊！ 根据原文“…amazing scientist he was!”及句末感叹号可知，此处考查感叹句结构。中心词scientist为可数名词单数，且amazing以元音音素开头，应使用“What+an+adj.+n.+主谓!”结构。 3 / 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题01 一般过去时的被动语态（期中复习讲义） 内 容 导 航 考情透视·目标导航 透析期中考向，锚定备考重心 知识梳理·方法技巧 梳理核心脉络，扫除知识盲区 知识点01 被动语态的构成 知识点02 动词的过去分词 知识点03 时间标志词 考场练兵·分层实战 阶梯实战演练，验收复习成效 考情透视·目标导航 常考题型 内容要点 命题趋势 单项选择 语法选择 语法填空 1. 被动语态的构成； 2. 动词的过去分词； 1. ‌语境化考查成为主流：不再只给空让你填 was/were done，而是放在对话、小故事、新闻简介、历史介绍里，让你根据时间 + 主语 + 动作关系判断。 2.一般在介绍名人、发明、历史建筑、过去事件的文章里。 知识梳理·方法技巧 知识点01 一般过去时的被动语态的构成 句式 结构 肯定句 主语+was/were +过去分词(+by+动作执行者)+其他. 否定句 主语+was/were not +过去分词(+by+动作执行者)+其他. 一般疑问句 Was/Were +主语+过去分词(+by+动作执行者)+其他? 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词+was/were(+主语)+过去分词(+by+动作执行者)+其他? 典例01 1．The letter ________ by my sister yesterday. A．sends B．sent C．was sent D．is sent 即时检测 1．The telephone ________ by Bell in 1876. A．invented B．is invented C．was invented D．invents 2．These beautiful photos ________ by my father when he was in Beijing two years ago. A．take B．took C．are taken D．were taken 3．—Hi, Tom! Did you watch the documentary about space at the school hall yesterday? —No, I didn’t. I heard it ________ only once, and I arrived too late to get a seat. A．shows B．is shown C．has shown D．was shown 4．Hou Yi ______ magic medicine for shooting down the nine suns, and then Pang Meng tried to steal it. A．gave B．has given C．will give D．was given 5．I ________ to give a career talk in our school next week. I’m preparing for it now. A．will invite B．invite C．was invited D．will be invited 知识点02 动词的过去分词 1.规则变化 变化规则 例词 一般动词，直接 +ed work → worked clean → cleaned 以 e 结尾 → 直接 + d live → lived love → loved 以 “辅音 + y” 结尾 → 变 y 为 i + ed study → studied carry → carried 重读闭音节，辅元辅结尾 → 双写尾字母 + ed stop → stopped plan → planned drop → dropped 2.不规则变化 变化规则 例词 A-B-C 型（原形 - 过去式 - 过去分词都不同） eat → ate → eaten write → wrote → written see → saw → seen do → did → done go → went → gone take → took → taken speak → spoke → spoken A-B-B 型（过去式 = 过去分词） build → built → built buy → bought → bought bring → brought → brought think → thought → thought teach → taught → taught catch → caught → caught sell → sold → sold tell → told → told leave → left → left sleep → slept → slept feel → felt → felt A-A-A 型（三者都一样） put → put → put let → let → let cut → cut → cut read → read → read A-B-A 型（原形 = 过去分词） come → came → come become → became → become 典例01 1．礼物是妈妈送给我的。 ____________________________________ 即时检测 1．这些书是昨天卖完的。 ____________________________________ 2．窗户被汤姆打破了。 ____________________________________ 3．这封信是昨天寄的。 ____________________________________ 考场练兵·分层实战 基础通关练（测试时间：10分钟） 一、单项选择 1．The broken bike ________ by my father yesterday. A．repaired B．is repaired C．was repaired D．will be repaired 2．The little girl ________ by her uncle last night. A．looked after B．is looked after C．was looked after D．will be looked after 3．—When ________ this computer ________? —Last year. 4．A new bridge ________ over the river last year. A．is built B．was built C．will be built D．built 5．The money ________ to the charity last month. A．donated B．was donated C．is donated D．donates 6．These magazines ________ out of the library just now. A．weren’t taken B．didn’t take C．aren’t taken D．don’t take 7．The little boy ________ by his father yesterday. A．punished B．was punished C．is punished D．punishes 8．The storybook ________ by the students last week. A．read B．was read C．is read D．reads 9．The work ________ before dark yesterday. A．finished B．was finished C．is finished D．finishes 10．The glass ________ by the cat just now. A．broke B．was broken C．is broken D．breaks 重难突破练（测试时间：20分钟） 一、单词拼写 1．The final painting ________ (give) to a friend as a present. 2．The operation ________ (do) by volunteer doctors yesterday. 3．Nancy looked ________ calm, but she was actually ________ by the news.(surprise) 4．—I’m sorry that all the tickets to the charity show ________ (sell) out half an hour ago. —What a pity! 5．The 32nd Olympic Games ________ (hold) in Paris in 2024, and it focused a lot on green ideas. 6．This famous book was written by Lu Xun and ________ (publisher) by People’s Literature Press in 1921. 7．The team ________ (welcome) as heroes when they got back to the city. 8．________ the story ________ (create) first? 9．Her birthday presents ________ (hide) in their bedroom. 10．The first ink-wash animated film ________ (make) in 1960 and it was a great success. 二、完成句子 1．She cleaned the room just now.（改为被动语态） The room ________ ________ by her just now. 2．He wrote a letter to his friend yesterday.（改为被动语态） A letter ________ ________ to his friend by him yesterday. 3．They hid a great deal of treasure under the tree when they left. (改为被动语态并对划线部分提问) ________ ________ ________ under the tree ________ them when they left? 4．我看到一条黄色的手环系在她的手腕上。 I saw that a yellow band ________ ________ ________ her wrist. 5．《蒙娜丽莎》是由列奥纳多·达·芬奇在1503年至1505年间创作的。   The Mona Lisa ________ ________ by Leonardo da Vinci between 1503 and 1505. 综合拓展练（测试时间：10分钟） 一、语法填空 阅读短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内所给词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连贯。 As 1 old saying goes, a good book is like a good friend. If so, my best friend must be The Old Man and the Sea by American writer Ernest Hemingway. In my eyes, Ernest Hemingway is probably one of the 2 (great) writers in the 20th century. When he was 19, he volunteered to go to war because he wanted to take risks. However, he was badly hurt in the war and 3 (get) back home. In Hemingway’s life, this experience was important. He wrote several books about the war 4 (show) how bad life was for the young men who had to fight. Hemingway liked to write in very short sentences with simple words. This was because he wanted his readers to feel the emotions of his stories 5 (clear). The Old Man and the Sea is one of his famous books. I 6 (read) it twice. I learned a lot from this book, especially the spirit of the main character, Santiago. The Old Man and the Sea is a story about an old fisherman named Santiago who fights with a big fish by himself in the sea. He experiences many ups and downs. He 7 (have) no water, food or people to help him. But he never stops fighting with the big fish, dangerous animals, rough sea or even his own 8 (ill). Although the story is short and simple, it is still very powerful. It tells us that a man can be destroyed by life, 9 can still be a good and strong man. That’s why I like the book most. Every time I read it, it cheers me 10 . I hope I can be like Santiago. 二、语法选择 Sir Isaac Newton was born 1 4th January 1643 on a farm in the village of Woolsthorpe in Lincolnshire. As a young boy, he lived with his grandmother before starting school. His mother wanted him 2 a farmer and take care of the family farm, but Isaac had other plans. He was far 3 in research and experimentation than in farming. Isaac moved to live in Cambridge in 1661 so that he 4 attend university. There, he learnt about nature and read books about ancient Greek thinkers. Many people in Isaac’s time still believed that   5 Earth was the centre of the universe. 6 a terrible illness called the plague (瘟疫) spread through Cambridge, many people became sick. To stay 7 , Isaac went back to his home in the countryside. While he 8 there, he made some of his most important discoveries. His discoveries changed the world in many ways. Sir Isaac Newton is remembered as one of the greatest scientists in history. His discoveries about light, gravity and movement changed 9 people see the universe. Even today, his work continues to influence science and mathematics around the world. 10 amazing scientist he was! 1．A．in B．at C．on 2．A．be B．to be C．being 3．A．interested B．more interested C．most interested 4．A．had to B．should C．could 5．A．an B．the C．/ 6．A．When B．Although C．Because 7．A．safe B．safely C．safety 8．A．lived B．was living C．had lived 9．A．how B．what C．why 10．A．How B．What C．What an 3 / 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $