抢分04 语言学习与阅读素养（热点话题）（抢分专练）（上海专用）2026年高考英语终极冲刺讲练测

抢分04 语言学习与阅读素养 （热点话题） 热点导读 热点集训 语言学习与阅读素养 (Language Learning & Reading Literacy) 核心内涵 涉及阅读方法、词汇策略、双语学习、批判性阅读、终身阅读、语言能力提升 考查角度 主旨大意、学习方法归纳、逻辑推理、词义猜测、段落功能 备考重点 积累语言学习类词汇；掌握方法建议类文章结构；提升信息归纳与推理能力 相关词汇 effective strategies, extensive reading, language acquisition 语法填空 中文拼音词汇因文化传播与国际影响力，大量进入英语，被权威词典收录并普及。 选词填空 全球化加剧语言流失，主导语言挤压方言，需双语教育保护语言多样性与文化遗产。 完形填空 手写比打字更利于阅读与记忆，激活大脑区域，帮助识别字母形态，提升学习效果。 阅读理解 A篇：双语可延缓痴呆、提升认知，频繁语言切换更有益，受年龄、环境等复杂变量影响。 B篇：以濒危希腊方言 Romeyka 为例，警示语言消失危机，强调记录与保护语言文化的重要性。 概要写作 翻译工具虽实用，但无法传达口语隐含情感，不会完全取代外语学习，仅满足实用需求。 一、语法填空 Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Chinese Words Set to Enter Global English These years, Chinese words have become more common in the English language. One recent study explored 1 well people in English-speaking countries recognize Chinese expressions. Researchers collected data from 50 media websites in countries such as the U.S., and the U.K. After 2 (analyze) about 300 Chinese words, they selected 150 for a survey. The survey was completed by over 1,200 adults with higher education. What made the findings interesting is that many Chinese words are used in pinyin, which is the Romanized form of Chinese. 3 pinyin uses letters, it is easier for English speakers to read and remember. If a Chinese word appears in pinyin, people are more likely to understand its meaning, especially if it is related to culture, food, or travel. For example, words like chunjie (Spring Festival), shaolin (a temple famous for martial arts), and gugong (the Forbidden City) were among the most 4 (recognize). These words often appear in news reports, tourism websites, or even in dictionaries. In fact, some Chinese food names, such as jiaozi (dumplings), are now more commonly used than their English translations. Another surprising finding was that some Chinese terms, 5 once had English versions, are now being replaced by their pinyin forms. The panda, which used to be simply called “giant panda,” is now also known as xiongmao. And the word jiaozi 6 (add) to the Oxford English Dictionary. In addition to cultural words, the study found that many terms are spreading worldwide. Expressions like zhongguomeng (Chinese Dream) and yidaiyilu (Belt and Road Initiative) reflect China’s development goals and are now easier 7 (understand) in other countries. According to the researchers, one reason for this trend is that China plays an increasingly important role in global trade, technology, and communication. If people continue to interact more with China, whether through tourism, business, or education, it is likely that even more Chinese words 8 (enter) English. Since the 1990s, Chinese loanwords have been growing faster than 9 from any other language. Experts say this shows not only stronger cultural exchange, but also the influence 10 China’s innovation and progress in today’s world. 二、选词填空 Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．abandoned    B．alarming    C． consequently    D．decreasing    E. diverse    F. dominant G. erasing    H. multiplying    I. ranging    J. significantly    K. somehow Preserving Linguistic (语言的) Diversity in a Connected World The rapid pace of modernization has reshaped the world in ways previous generations could never have imagined. It has pushed nations into an era of great interconnectedness, where global markets and digital platforms are 11 old boundaries. This phenomenon has caused large-scale migration, with migrants moving across every continent in search of better opportunities and 12 the population structure of major cities has changed dramatically, transforming them into lively, multicultural centers where 13 communities coexist. However, this intense mixing of peoples and cultures brings with it a(n) 14 consequence: the gradual loss of linguistic diversity. Linguists predict that the number of spoken languages worldwide might halve by the end of this century. This potential extinction of native tongues is viewed by experts as a concerning trend. As 15 languages like English become essential for education and regular business communication, the use of local dialects is 16 rapidly. For many younger generations growing up in this environment, their ancestral mother tongue has become unfamiliar, 17 in favor of the practical benefits of a widely spoken language all too often. This creates a complex problem for modern society. While opportunities for international exchange continue 18 , promoting economic growth and cross-cultural understanding, local knowledge and unique cultural identities are 19 being lost in the process. This linguistic crisis affects various communities, 20 from remote villages to urban centers. Undoubtedly, we face the challenge of balancing the undeniable benefits of a connected world with the critical need to preserve our heritage (遗产). Therefore, we must adopt various strategies, such as bilingual education, to ensure that the spread of global communication does not come at the cost of our rich cultural heritage. 三、完形填空 Reading is not an instinct. As children, we have to start from scratch. We wire our brains to read by gradually enhancing links between the critical areas: those that recognise the visual form of letters, those that tell us what a word sounds like and how you 21 say it, and so on. Writing by hand helps to form these brain 22 . When we learn how to write, we use parts of the brain known as the motor cortices that control physical movements. When we read, those same areas are activated — suggesting we basically write words in our minds as we 23 them. Karin James of Indiana University in Bloomington has found that young children can recognise new letters more readily when they learn that letters by writing them 24 by typing or tracing. James has also shown that some brain regions that light up when adults read also become active in children 25 letters they’ve learned to print by hand — but not in children who’ve learned letters by typing them. This seems like strong evidence of the importance of handwriting, but James 26 that just because adults use certain circuitry (线路) to read does not necessarily mean it’s the only writing that could work. “Our brains are clearly 27 ,” she says, “It might be just fine to start typing — and for that you need a whole different brain network and learn how to read that way. We don’t know yet.” For now though, most studies suggest handwriting has a(n) 28 role to play. Marieke Long-camp at Aix-Marseille University in France has shown that when adults learned unfamiliar characters based on the Bengali and Gujarati alphabets either by writing or typing, those who 29 the letters remembered them better three weeks later. Part of the problem is that typing does not 30 in us the same understanding of character or letter forms as writing by hand. “If you show children just a single typical A, they’re not going to be able to understand that another 31 of an A is the same thing.” James says. The messy and inconsistent way that children (and many adults) tend to write, 32 , may help them to cope with a wide variety of typefaces and letter forms. Writing freehand, then, seems to be an important part of learning to read — but does the 33 of handwriting make a difference? Some schools have 34 teaching cursive (草书体的) or joined-up writing. In the US, for instance, it is not part of the national curriculum adopted by 46 states, though it has come back in some states in response to a public outcry. When it comes to learning to read, though, James has found that writing in cursive doesn’t seem to add anything to the mix. “It seems like it’s any kind of   35 of a letter by hand that makes the difference.” she says. 21．A．occasionally B．physically C．gradually D．instinctively 22．A．structures B．connections C．processes D．functions 23．A．write B．coin C．recite D．read 24．A．rather than B．as well as C．such as D．or else 25．A．listening to B．depending on C．looking at D．thinking of 26．A．requires B．decides C．foresees D．cautions 27．A．similar B．different C．delicate D．adaptable 28．A．critical B．unpredictable C．unclear D．increased 29．A．wrote out B．responded to C．typed in D．pointed at 30．A．trust B．implant C．spend D．invest 31．A．example B．equivalent C．form D．method 32．A．as a result B．in a word C．by contrast D．vice versa 33．A．history B．type C．dominance D．study 34．A．suggested B．permitted C．practised D．stopped 35．A．creation B．recognition C．existence D．typing 四、阅读理解 A Is being bilingual good for your brain? Reams of papers have been published on the cognitive advantages of multilingualism. Beyond the conversational doors it can open, multilingualism is supposed to improve “executive function” — a loose concept including the ability to ignore distractions, plan complex tasks and update beliefs with new information. Most striking, numerous studies show that bilinguals experience a later onset of dementia, by around four years on average. But some of these studies have failed to replicate, leaving experts questioning whether the effect is real, and if so, what exactly it involves. The good news is that it is never too late to start learning a new language for brain benefits. A 2019 study showed that while moderate language learning in adults does not boost executive function, it does mitigate age-related cognitive decline. The biggest benefits seem to come to those who master a second language fully — usually because they speak two languages natively, or at least on a near-daily basis for a long time. A bit of university French, unfortunately, does not convey the same advantages as deep knowledge and long experience. Frequent language switching may be particularly important: studies of interpreters and translators provide some of the strongest evidence for a bilingual advantage, with them faster at repeatedly switching between math problems like simple addition and subtraction than monolinguals, suggesting better cognitive control. But there is “a forest of complex variables”, says Mark Antoniou of Western Sydney University. Bilinguals differ from monolinguals in many ways: a diplomat’s child raised abroad may have cognitive advantages unrelated to bilingualism. Yet in poorer regions, studies find multilingual people show the strongest benefits, with researchers suspecting that bilingualism exercises children’s brains where schooling is insufficient. Age also plays a role: the brain effects of bilingualism are stronger for young children and the elderly than for young adults. Bilingual kids outperform monolinguals in early cognitive development, though monolingual classmates may later catch up. One meta-analysis found 25 of 45 studies showed a bilingual advantage in children under 6, while only 17 did in those aged 6-12. At life’s other end, Ellen Bialystok of York University, a pioneer in the field, compares bilingualism’s cognitive protection to a slice of holey Swiss cheese: other brain - healthy habits like exercise are similar to piling slices, whose holes align differently, offering greater collective protection. All these studies, however, take for granted the undeniable mental superpower of language study: talking to people you could not otherwise understand. Even if you cannot be fluent from infancy, that alone is reason enough to learn a new language. 36．What does the word “mitigate” most probably mean in Paragraph 2? A．Accelerate. B．Relieve. C．Ignore. D．Cause. 37．What can we infer about the bilingual advantage? A．Basic second language learning can bring obvious cognitive benefits. B．Monolinguals are slower in solving simple math problems than bilinguals. C．Interpreters’ better cognitive control lies in frequent language shifting. D．Only with native-like fluency can people gain the bilingual advantage. 38．Which of the following statements is TRUE? A．Bilinguals always have cognitive advantages over monolinguals in all respects. B．Bilingualism can make up for the insufficiency of schooling in poor areas. C．Bilingual kids under 12 show a consistent cognitive advantage over monolinguals. D．Complex variables make it hard to confirm the real cause of bilingual advantages. 39．What does Ellen Bialystok intend to explain by comparing bilingualism to “holey Swiss cheese”? A．Different brain-healthy habits have completely different protective effects on the brain. B．The cognitive protection from bilingualism is far less than that from physical exercise. C．Bilingualism alone cannot provide complete cognitive protection for the brain. D．Bilingualism is the most effective way to protect the brain from cognitive decline. B Survival of ancient dialects matters Languages are not only tools of communication but also carriers of history, culture, and identity. Last week, the launch of a “last chance” crowdsourcing tool to record a threatened Greek dialect attracted wide attention. 40 Romeyka, which is spoken by an ageing population of a few thousand people in the mountain villages near Turkey’s Black Sea coast, branched off from modern Greek thousands of years ago. It has no written form. 41 But some languages are in even bigger trouble. Currently, there are 350 that have fewer than 50 native speakers and 46 that have just one. A cooperation between Australian and British institutions paints the situation in striking colours, with a language bar chart, illustrating the worsening decline between 1700 and today. Its authors predict that between 50% and 90% of the world’s 7,000 languages will be extinct by 2150. Even now, half of the people on the planet speak just 24 of them. It is one thing to record and document endangered languages. 42 Also, social and economic priorities change, and it is not unknown for minority languages to skip a generation. One such is Manx, which was downgraded from extinct to critically endangered by Unesco after schoolchildren got in touch, asking: “If our language is extinct then what language are we writing in?” A strategy is in place to double the number of Manx speakers on the Isle of Man in a decade. At a time of disastrous environmental change, there are practical reasons for listening in to the wisdom of linguistic communities that might be exceptionally small on their own, but which together speak more than half of the world’s surviving languages. From Sami reindeer herders across the Arctic to Australia’s Indigenous peoples, the ways in which people express themselves embody ancient ways of living in nature. Both a will and a way are needed if they are to survive. 43 A．By simply honoring their existence, linguists play an important role. B．Faced with these alarming numbers, opinions coincide that preservation should be pursued with urgency. C．For linguists, it is a “living bridge” to the ancient Hellenic world, the loss of which would be a blow. D．However, even among linguists themselves, there is a debate about whether they should be preserved at all costs. E．The sort of easy-to-use recording technology employed by Crowdsourcing Romeyka is a gamechanger. F．This event highlighted a broader crisis: nine languages are thought to disappear from daily use each year. 五、概要写作 Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible. Will Translation Apps Make Learning Foreign Languages Unnecessary? Between 2009 and 2013, one American college closed its foreign language program; between 2013 and 2017, 651 others did the same. At first glance, these statistics look tragic. But I am starting to believe that maybe they are not. What is changing my mind is technology. Before last Christmas, for example, I was introduced to ChatGPT by someone who had it write on a certain topic in my “style.” Fascinating enough. But then it was told to translate the article into Russian. It did so, instantly to produce the Russian that was remarkably functional. And what about spoken language? I was in Belgium not long ago, and I watched various tourists from a variety of nations use instant speech translation apps to translate their own languages into English and French. I don’t think these tools will ever make learning foreign languages completely unnecessary. What is implied in the natural flow of casual conversation cannot be translated by a program, at least not in a fully human way. For example, when I announce “Tomorrow I start my diet,” I sound dramatic, suggesting that I may have delayed the diet until now. A typical translation would simply have me saying “Tomorrow I am going to start my diet,” which is a more straightforward statement of a future plan. But even if it may fail at genuine conversation — for now, at least — technology is removing most of the need to learn foreign languages for more practical purposes. The old-school language textbook examples, of people reserving hotel rooms or ordering meals in the language of the country they are visiting will now be out of date. And most people are interested much less in how they are saying things, and which language they are saying them in, than in what they are saying. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2 / 23 学科网（北京）股份有限1 / 23 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 抢分04 语言学习与阅读素养 （热点话题） 热点导读 热点集训 语言学习与阅读素养 (Language Learning & Reading Literacy) 核心内涵 涉及阅读方法、词汇策略、双语学习、批判性阅读、终身阅读、语言能力提升 考查角度 主旨大意、学习方法归纳、逻辑推理、词义猜测、段落功能 备考重点 积累语言学习类词汇；掌握方法建议类文章结构；提升信息归纳与推理能力 相关词汇 effective strategies, extensive reading, language acquisition 语法填空 中文拼音词汇因文化传播与国际影响力，大量进入英语，被权威词典收录并普及。 选词填空 全球化加剧语言流失，主导语言挤压方言，需双语教育保护语言多样性与文化遗产。 完形填空 手写比打字更利于阅读与记忆，激活大脑区域，帮助识别字母形态，提升学习效果。 阅读理解 A篇：双语可延缓痴呆、提升认知，频繁语言切换更有益，受年龄、环境等复杂变量影响。 B篇：以濒危希腊方言 Romeyka 为例，警示语言消失危机，强调记录与保护语言文化的重要性。 概要写作 翻译工具虽实用，但无法传达口语隐含情感，不会完全取代外语学习，仅满足实用需求。 一、语法填空 Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Chinese Words Set to Enter Global English These years, Chinese words have become more common in the English language. One recent study explored 1 well people in English-speaking countries recognize Chinese expressions. Researchers collected data from 50 media websites in countries such as the U.S., and the U.K. After 2 (analyze) about 300 Chinese words, they selected 150 for a survey. The survey was completed by over 1,200 adults with higher education. What made the findings interesting is that many Chinese words are used in pinyin, which is the Romanized form of Chinese. 3 pinyin uses letters, it is easier for English speakers to read and remember. If a Chinese word appears in pinyin, people are more likely to understand its meaning, especially if it is related to culture, food, or travel. For example, words like chunjie (Spring Festival), shaolin (a temple famous for martial arts), and gugong (the Forbidden City) were among the most 4 (recognize). These words often appear in news reports, tourism websites, or even in dictionaries. In fact, some Chinese food names, such as jiaozi (dumplings), are now more commonly used than their English translations. Another surprising finding was that some Chinese terms, 5 once had English versions, are now being replaced by their pinyin forms. The panda, which used to be simply called “giant panda,” is now also known as xiongmao. And the word jiaozi 6 (add) to the Oxford English Dictionary. In addition to cultural words, the study found that many terms are spreading worldwide. Expressions like zhongguomeng (Chinese Dream) and yidaiyilu (Belt and Road Initiative) reflect China’s development goals and are now easier 7 (understand) in other countries. According to the researchers, one reason for this trend is that China plays an increasingly important role in global trade, technology, and communication. If people continue to interact more with China, whether through tourism, business, or education, it is likely that even more Chinese words 8 (enter) English. Since the 1990s, Chinese loanwords have been growing faster than 9 from any other language. Experts say this shows not only stronger cultural exchange, but also the influence 10 China’s innovation and progress in today’s world. 【答案】 1．how 2．analyzing 3．Because/Since 4．recognizable 5．which 6．has been added 7．to understand 8．will enter 9．those 10．of 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了近年来中文词汇进入全球英语的现象、原因及影响。 1．考查宾语从句。句意：最近的一项研究探究了说英语国家的人对中国表达方式的识别程度如何。本空引导宾语从句，根据well可知，应用副词how，表示“如何”。故填how。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：在分析了大约300个中文单词后，他们选择了150个进行调查。本空作介词after的宾语，用analyze“分析”的动名词。故填analyzing。 3．考查原因状语从句。句意：因为拼音使用字母，所以对于说英语的人来说，它更容易阅读和记忆。此处前后两句为因果关系，应用连词because/since，引导原因状语从句，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Because/Since。 4．考查形容词。句意：例如，春节（春节）、少林（一座以武术闻名的寺庙）和故宫（紫禁城）等词汇是最容易被识别的。此处作表语，用形容词recognizable“可识别的”。故填recognizable。 5．考查定语从句。句意：另一个令人惊讶的发现是，一些曾经有英文版本的中文术语，现在正被它们的拼音形式所取代。本空引导非限制性定语从句，先行词terms，指物，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。 6．考查动词语态。句意：饺子这个词已被收入《牛津英语词典》。本空为句子谓语，主语 jiaozi与谓语动词add“添加之间为被动关系，且强调“被收录”的动作已经完成，用现在完成时的被动语态，主语为第三人称单数，助动词用has，故填has been added。 7．考查非谓语动词。句意：像“中国梦”和“一带一路”这样的表达反映了中国的发展目标，现在在其他国家更容易理解。此处为固定句型：主语+be+adj.+to do sth.意为“做某事是……的”，所以此处为动词understand“理解”的不定式。故填to understand。 8．考查时态。句意：如果人们继续通过旅游、商业或教育等方式与中国进行更多互动，那么很可能会有更多的中文词汇进入英语。enter“进入”。本空为句子谓语，主句描述将来发生的事情，时态用一般将来时，谓语用will enter。故填will enter。 9．考查代词。句意：自20世纪90年代以来，中文外来词的增长速度超过了其他任何语言的外来词。此处指代前面的Chinese loanwords，为避免重复，用代词those指代复数可数名词。故填those。 10．考查介词。句意：专家表示，这不仅表明文化交流更加紧密，也表明了中国在当今世界的创新和进步的影响力。此处为固定短语the influence of意为“……的影响”。故填of。 二、选词填空 Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．abandoned    B．alarming    C． consequently    D．decreasing    E. diverse    F. dominant G. erasing    H. multiplying    I. ranging    J. significantly    K. somehow Preserving Linguistic (语言的) Diversity in a Connected World The rapid pace of modernization has reshaped the world in ways previous generations could never have imagined. It has pushed nations into an era of great interconnectedness, where global markets and digital platforms are 11 old boundaries. This phenomenon has caused large-scale migration, with migrants moving across every continent in search of better opportunities and 12 the population structure of major cities has changed dramatically, transforming them into lively, multicultural centers where 13 communities coexist. However, this intense mixing of peoples and cultures brings with it a(n) 14 consequence: the gradual loss of linguistic diversity. Linguists predict that the number of spoken languages worldwide might halve by the end of this century. This potential extinction of native tongues is viewed by experts as a concerning trend. As 15 languages like English become essential for education and regular business communication, the use of local dialects is 16 rapidly. For many younger generations growing up in this environment, their ancestral mother tongue has become unfamiliar, 17 in favor of the practical benefits of a widely spoken language all too often. This creates a complex problem for modern society. While opportunities for international exchange continue 18 , promoting economic growth and cross-cultural understanding, local knowledge and unique cultural identities are 19 being lost in the process. This linguistic crisis affects various communities, 20 from remote villages to urban centers. Undoubtedly, we face the challenge of balancing the undeniable benefits of a connected world with the critical need to preserve our heritage (遗产). Therefore, we must adopt various strategies, such as bilingual education, to ensure that the spread of global communication does not come at the cost of our rich cultural heritage. 【答案】 11．G 12．C 13．E 14．B 15．F 16．D 17．A 18．H 19．K 20．I 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了现代化与全球化进程中，语言多样性面临的危机。互联世界在促进交流与发展的同时，导致主导语言扩张，而当地方言使用减少、甚至被抛弃，文化遗产面临流失风险。 11．考查动词。句意：它将各国推入一个高度互联的时代，全球市场和数字平台正在消除旧的边界。空处和are构成谓语，结合“global markets and digital platforms”和“old boundaries”可推知，G项erasing“消除，消灭”符合题意，表示“全球市场和数字平台正在消除旧的边界”。故选G。 12．考查副词。句意：这一现象导致大规模移民，移民跨越各大洲寻找更好的机会，因此主要城市的人口结构发生剧变，将其转变为充满活力的多元文化中心，多样的社区在此共存。并列连词and连接前后两个完整的句子，空处修饰后一个句子，结合“这一现象导致大规模移民”和“主要城市的人口结构发生剧变”之间为因果关系可推知，C项consequently“因此，结果”符合题意，引出后面的结果。故选C。 13．考查形容词。句意：这一现象导致大规模移民，移民跨越各大洲寻找更好的机会，因此主要城市的人口结构发生剧变，将其转变为充满活力的多元文化中心，多样的社区在此共存。空处作修饰communities的定语，结合“lively, multicultural centers”可推知，E项diverse“多种多样的”符合题意，表示“多样的社区”。故选E。 14．考查形容词。句意：然而，这种密集的人口与文化交融随之带来一个令人担忧的后果：语言多样性逐渐丧失。空处作修饰consequence的定语，结合“the gradual loss of linguistic diversity”可推知，B项alarming“令人担忧的”符合题意，表示“一个令人担忧的后果”。故选B。 15．考查形容词。句意：随着英语这样的主导性语言成为教育和日常商务交流的必备工具，当地方言的使用正在迅速减少。空处作修饰languages的定语，结合“like English”可推知，F项dominant“主导的”符合题意，表示“英语这样的主导性语言”。故选F。 16．考查动词。句意：随着英语这样的主导性语言成为教育和日常商务交流的必备工具，当地方言的使用正在迅速减少。空处和is构成谓语，结合下一句中的“their ancestral mother tongue has become unfamiliar”可推知，D项decreasing“减少”符合题意，表示“正在迅速减少”。故选D。 17．考查动词。句意：对于在这个环境中成长的许多年轻一代来说，他们的祖传母语已变得陌生，被抛弃以换取广泛使用语言的实际好处。句子主干成分完整，空处是非谓语，结合“their ancestral mother tongue”和“in favor of the practical benefits of a widely spoken language all too often”可推知，A项abandoned“抛弃”符合题意，和逻辑主语mother tongue之间是被动关系，作状语，表示“被抛弃以换取广泛使用语言的实际好处”。故选A。 18．考查动词。句意：虽然国际交流的机会持续增加，促进了经济增长和跨文化理解，但本土知识和独特的文化身份不知怎么地在此过程中流失。空处作continue的宾语，结合“promoting economic growth and cross-cultural understanding”可推知，H项multiplying“大大增加”符合题意，表示“国际交流的机会持续增加”。故选H。 19．考查副词。句意：虽然国际交流的机会持续增加，促进了经济增长和跨文化理解，但本土知识和独特的文化身份不知怎么地在此过程中流失。空处作修饰谓语being lost的状语，结合前一句“This creates a complex problem for modern society.”可推知，K项somehow“不知怎么地”符合题意，表示“不知怎么地在此过程中流失”。故选K。 20．考查动词。句意：这场语言危机影响众多社区，范围从偏远村庄到城市中心。句子主干成分完整，空处是非谓语，结合“from remote villages to urban centers”可推知，I项ranging“（在一定范围内）变化”符合题意，构成短语range from A to B，表示“范围从偏远村庄到城市中心”。故选I。 三、完形填空 Reading is not an instinct. As children, we have to start from scratch. We wire our brains to read by gradually enhancing links between the critical areas: those that recognise the visual form of letters, those that tell us what a word sounds like and how you 21 say it, and so on. Writing by hand helps to form these brain 22 . When we learn how to write, we use parts of the brain known as the motor cortices that control physical movements. When we read, those same areas are activated — suggesting we basically write words in our minds as we 23 them. Karin James of Indiana University in Bloomington has found that young children can recognise new letters more readily when they learn that letters by writing them 24 by typing or tracing. James has also shown that some brain regions that light up when adults read also become active in children 25 letters they’ve learned to print by hand — but not in children who’ve learned letters by typing them. This seems like strong evidence of the importance of handwriting, but James 26 that just because adults use certain circuitry (线路) to read does not necessarily mean it’s the only writing that could work. “Our brains are clearly 27 ,” she says, “It might be just fine to start typing — and for that you need a whole different brain network and learn how to read that way. We don’t know yet.” For now though, most studies suggest handwriting has a(n) 28 role to play. Marieke Long-camp at Aix-Marseille University in France has shown that when adults learned unfamiliar characters based on the Bengali and Gujarati alphabets either by writing or typing, those who 29 the letters remembered them better three weeks later. Part of the problem is that typing does not 30 in us the same understanding of character or letter forms as writing by hand. “If you show children just a single typical A, they’re not going to be able to understand that another 31 of an A is the same thing.” James says. The messy and inconsistent way that children (and many adults) tend to write, 32 , may help them to cope with a wide variety of typefaces and letter forms. Writing freehand, then, seems to be an important part of learning to read — but does the 33 of handwriting make a difference? Some schools have 34 teaching cursive (草书体的) or joined-up writing. In the US, for instance, it is not part of the national curriculum adopted by 46 states, though it has come back in some states in response to a public outcry. When it comes to learning to read, though, James has found that writing in cursive doesn’t seem to add anything to the mix. “It seems like it’s any kind of   35 of a letter by hand that makes the difference.” she says. 21．A．occasionally B．physically C．gradually D．instinctively 22．A．structures B．connections C．processes D．functions 23．A．write B．coin C．recite D．read 24．A．rather than B．as well as C．such as D．or else 25．A．listening to B．depending on C．looking at D．thinking of 26．A．requires B．decides C．foresees D．cautions 27．A．similar B．different C．delicate D．adaptable 28．A．critical B．unpredictable C．unclear D．increased 29．A．wrote out B．responded to C．typed in D．pointed at 30．A．trust B．implant C．spend D．invest 31．A．example B．equivalent C．form D．method 32．A．as a result B．in a word C．by contrast D．vice versa 33．A．history B．type C．dominance D．study 34．A．suggested B．permitted C．practised D．stopped 35．A．creation B．recognition C．existence D．typing 【答案】 21．B 22．B 23．D 24．A 25．C 26．D 27．D 28．A 29．A 30．B 31．C 32．C 33．B 34．D 35．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了手写对于阅读和大脑发育的重要性，并与打字进行了对比，指出手写有助于大脑建立阅读所需的神经连接并探讨了手写字体类型对阅读学习的影响。 21．考查副词词义辨析。 句意：我们的大脑通过逐渐加强关键区域之间的联系来学会阅读：那些识别字母视觉形态的区域、那些告诉我们单词发音以及如何实际说出它的区域，等等。 A. occasionally偶尔；B. physically身体上地；C. gradually逐渐地；D. instinctively本能地。根据上文“recognise the visual form of letters, those that tell us what a word sounds like”可知，上下文提及阅读时控制身体运动的皮层激活，physically(身体上地)符合“如何说”与身体动作相关的语境。故选B。 22．考查名词词义辨析。句意：手写有助于形成这些大脑连接。A. structures结构；B. connections连接；C. processes过程；D. functions功能。根据上文“We wire our brains to read by gradually enhancing links between the critical areas”可知，前文提及增强大脑关键区域间的关联，此处手写正是助力形成这类大脑连接。故选B。 23．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我们阅读时，这些相同的区域会被激活——这表明我们在阅读单词时，基本上会在脑海中书写这些单词。A. write写；B. coin创造；C. recite背诵；D. read阅读。根据上文“When we read, those same areas are activated”可知，此处是说在阅读的过程中会产生脑海中书写的行为。故选D。 24．考查连词短语辨析。句意：印第安纳大学伯明顿分校的卡琳·詹姆斯发现，幼儿通过书写学习新字母时，能更容易识别这些字母，而非通过打字或描摹。A. rather than而不是；B. as well as也；C. such as例如；D. or else否则。根据上文“by writing them”和后文“by typing or tracing”可知，手写方式效果更好，与打字、描摹形成对比。故选A。 25．考查动词短语辨析。句意：詹姆斯还发现，成年人在阅读时大脑中活跃的一些区域，在孩子们看着他们通过手写练习学会的字母时也会变得活跃——但在那些通过打字学习字母的孩子身上则不会。A. listening to听；B. depending on依赖；C. looking at看；D. thinking of想到。上文“young children can recognise new letters more readily”提到，幼儿通过书写学习新字母时，能更容易识别这些字母，此处指儿童在看通过手写练习学会的字母时，大脑区域会被激活，故选C。 26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这似乎是手写重要性的有力证据，但詹姆斯提醒道，成年人使用特定的神经回路进行阅读，并不一定意味着这是唯一有效的书写方式。A. requires要求；B. decides决定；C. foresees预见；D. cautions提醒、告诫。根据下文“just because adults use certain circuitry to read does not necessarily mean it’s the only writing that could work”可知，这是詹姆斯给出的提醒和客观看法。故选D。 27．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她说：“我们的大脑显然具有适应性，也许直接开始打字也没问题——为此你需要一个完全不同的脑网络，并通过那种方式学习阅读。我们目前还不清楚。”A. similar相似的；B. different不同的；C. delicate精致的；D. adaptable有适应性的。根据下文“It might be just fine to start typing — and for that you need a whole different brain network and learn how to read that way”可知，大脑可以适应打字所需的不同神经网络，体现出适应性。故选D。          28．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：不过，就目前而言，大多数研究表明，手写起着至关重要的作用。A. critical至关重要的；B. unpredictable不可预测的；C. unclear不清楚的；D. increased增加的。根据下文“those who wrote out the letters remembered them better three weeks later”可知，此处指手写起着至关重要的作用。故选A。 29．考查动词短语辨析。句意：法国艾克斯-马赛大学的玛丽克·朗坎普发现，当成年人通过手写或打字学习基于孟加拉语和古吉拉特语字母的陌生字符时，那些写出这些字母的人在三周后对字符的记忆效果更好。A. wrote out写出；B. responded to回应；C. typed in输入；D. pointed at指向。上文“handwriting has a(n) ________ role to play”提到手写扮演者重要作用，此处对比“writing”和“typing”，应是手写写出字母的人记忆效果更好。故选A。 30．考查动词词义辨析。句意：部分问题在于，打字并不能像手写那样在我们心中植入对字符或字母形式的相同理解。A. trust信任；B. implant植入；C. spend花费；D. invest投资。根据下文“in us the same understanding of character or letter forms as writing by hand”可知，此处指打字无法像手写那样在脑中“植入”相同理解。故选B。 31．考查名词词义辨析。句意：詹姆斯说：“如果你只给孩子看一个标准的A，他们无法理解另一种形式的A也是同一个字母。”A. example例子；B. equivalent等价物；C. form形式；D. method方法。根据下文“cope with a wide variety of typefaces and letter forms”可知，此处指字母的不同形式。故选C。 32．考查介词短语辨析。句意：相比之下，孩子（以及许多成年人）写字时那种潦草、不规整的方式，可能有助于他们适应各种各样的字体和字母形式。A. as a result结果；B. in a word总之；C. by contrast相比之下；D. vice versa反之亦然。根据上文“If you show children just a single typical A, they’re not going to be able to understand that another________of an A is the same thing.”和下文“The messy and inconsistent way”和“may help them to cope with a wide variety of typefaces”可知，只看标准字母孩子无法理解其他形式，而潦草书写能带来不同效果可知，此处形成对比。故选C。 33．考查名词词义辨析。句意：那么，手写是学习阅读的重要组成部分——但手写的类型有影响吗？A. history历史；B. type类型；C. dominance主导地位；D. study学习。根据下文“Some schools have stopped teaching cursive or joined-up writing”可知，此处探讨的是手写的字体类型是否有影响。故选B。 34．考查动词词义辨析。句意：一些学校已经停止教授草书或连笔字。A. suggested建议；B. permitted允许；C. practised练习；D. stopped停止。根据下文“In the US, for instance, it is not part of the national curriculum adopted by 46 states”可知，草书未纳入课程，说明学校停止了相关教学。故选D。 35．考查名词词义辨析。 句意：她说：“似乎是亲手创造出字母的任何形式，都会带来这种效果。” A. creation 创造；B. recognition 识别；C. existence 存在；D. typing 打字。 根据上文“writing in cursive doesn’t seem to add anything”可知，草书并未额外加分，关键是手工创造字母本身。故选 A。 四、阅读理解 A Is being bilingual good for your brain? Reams of papers have been published on the cognitive advantages of multilingualism. Beyond the conversational doors it can open, multilingualism is supposed to improve “executive function” — a loose concept including the ability to ignore distractions, plan complex tasks and update beliefs with new information. Most striking, numerous studies show that bilinguals experience a later onset of dementia, by around four years on average. But some of these studies have failed to replicate, leaving experts questioning whether the effect is real, and if so, what exactly it involves. The good news is that it is never too late to start learning a new language for brain benefits. A 2019 study showed that while moderate language learning in adults does not boost executive function, it does mitigate age-related cognitive decline. The biggest benefits seem to come to those who master a second language fully — usually because they speak two languages natively, or at least on a near-daily basis for a long time. A bit of university French, unfortunately, does not convey the same advantages as deep knowledge and long experience. Frequent language switching may be particularly important: studies of interpreters and translators provide some of the strongest evidence for a bilingual advantage, with them faster at repeatedly switching between math problems like simple addition and subtraction than monolinguals, suggesting better cognitive control. But there is “a forest of complex variables”, says Mark Antoniou of Western Sydney University. Bilinguals differ from monolinguals in many ways: a diplomat’s child raised abroad may have cognitive advantages unrelated to bilingualism. Yet in poorer regions, studies find multilingual people show the strongest benefits, with researchers suspecting that bilingualism exercises children’s brains where schooling is insufficient. Age also plays a role: the brain effects of bilingualism are stronger for young children and the elderly than for young adults. Bilingual kids outperform monolinguals in early cognitive development, though monolingual classmates may later catch up. One meta-analysis found 25 of 45 studies showed a bilingual advantage in children under 6, while only 17 did in those aged 6-12. At life’s other end, Ellen Bialystok of York University, a pioneer in the field, compares bilingualism’s cognitive protection to a slice of holey Swiss cheese: other brain - healthy habits like exercise are similar to piling slices, whose holes align differently, offering greater collective protection. All these studies, however, take for granted the undeniable mental superpower of language study: talking to people you could not otherwise understand. Even if you cannot be fluent from infancy, that alone is reason enough to learn a new language. 36．What does the word “mitigate” most probably mean in Paragraph 2? A．Accelerate. B．Relieve. C．Ignore. D．Cause. 37．What can we infer about the bilingual advantage? A．Basic second language learning can bring obvious cognitive benefits. B．Monolinguals are slower in solving simple math problems than bilinguals. C．Interpreters’ better cognitive control lies in frequent language shifting. D．Only with native-like fluency can people gain the bilingual advantage. 38．Which of the following statements is TRUE? A．Bilinguals always have cognitive advantages over monolinguals in all respects. B．Bilingualism can make up for the insufficiency of schooling in poor areas. C．Bilingual kids under 12 show a consistent cognitive advantage over monolinguals. D．Complex variables make it hard to confirm the real cause of bilingual advantages. 39．What does Ellen Bialystok intend to explain by comparing bilingualism to “holey Swiss cheese”? A．Different brain-healthy habits have completely different protective effects on the brain. B．The cognitive protection from bilingualism is far less than that from physical exercise. C．Bilingualism alone cannot provide complete cognitive protection for the brain. D．Bilingualism is the most effective way to protect the brain from cognitive decline. 【答案】36．B 37．C 38．D 39．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨双语能力对大脑是否有益，介绍其认知优势、影响因素及相关研究争议。 36．词句猜测题。根据第二段中的“A 2019 study showed that while moderate language learning in adults does not boost executive function, it does mitigate age-related cognitive decline.(2019年的一项研究表明，虽然成年人适度的语言学习不会提高执行功能，但它确实能mitigate与年龄相关的认知衰退)”可知，前后句为转折关系，前文说不会提高执行功能，转折后应是表达积极作用，即缓解认知衰退，由此猜测mitigate意为”缓解“，与relieve同义。故选B项。 37．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Frequent language switching may be particularly important: studies of interpreters and translators provide some of the strongest evidence for a bilingual advantage, with them faster at repeatedly switching between math problems like simple addition and subtraction than monolinguals, suggesting better cognitive control.(频繁的语言切换可能尤为重要：对口译员和笔译员的研究为双语优势提供了一些最有力的证据，他们在简单加减法等数学问题之间反复切换的速度比单语者更快，这表明他们的认知控制能力更好)”可推断，口译员更好的认知控制能力源于频繁的语言切换。故选C项。 38．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“But there is ”a forest of complex variables“, says Mark Antoniou of Western Sydney University. Bilinguals differ from monolinguals in many ways: a diplomat’s child raised abroad may have cognitive advantages unrelated to bilingualism.(西悉尼大学的马克・安东尼奥说，这里存在“大量复杂的变量”。双语者与单语者在很多方面都不同：在国外长大的外交官子女可能拥有与双语能力无关的认知优势)”可知，复杂的变量使得很难确定双语优势的真正原因。故选D项。 39．推理判断题。根据第六段中的“Ellen Bialystok of York University, a pioneer in the field, compares bilingualism’s cognitive protection to a slice of holey Swiss cheese: other brain-healthy habits like exercise are similar to piling slices, whose holes align differently, offering greater collective protection.(该领域的先驱、约克大学的艾伦・比亚利斯托克将双语能力的认知保护比作一片有洞的瑞士奶酪：其他有益大脑健康的习惯，如锻炼，就像叠放奶酪片，它们的洞排列不同，能提供更强的集体保护)”可推断，艾伦・比亚利斯托克想通过这个比喻说明，仅靠双语能力无法为大脑提供完全的认知保护，需要结合其他有益大脑的习惯。故选C项。 B Survival of ancient dialects matters Languages are not only tools of communication but also carriers of history, culture, and identity. Last week, the launch of a “last chance” crowdsourcing tool to record a threatened Greek dialect attracted wide attention. 40 Romeyka, which is spoken by an ageing population of a few thousand people in the mountain villages near Turkey’s Black Sea coast, branched off from modern Greek thousands of years ago. It has no written form. 41 But some languages are in even bigger trouble. Currently, there are 350 that have fewer than 50 native speakers and 46 that have just one. A cooperation between Australian and British institutions paints the situation in striking colours, with a language bar chart, illustrating the worsening decline between 1700 and today. Its authors predict that between 50% and 90% of the world’s 7,000 languages will be extinct by 2150. Even now, half of the people on the planet speak just 24 of them. It is one thing to record and document endangered languages. 42 Also, social and economic priorities change, and it is not unknown for minority languages to skip a generation. One such is Manx, which was downgraded from extinct to critically endangered by Unesco after schoolchildren got in touch, asking: “If our language is extinct then what language are we writing in?” A strategy is in place to double the number of Manx speakers on the Isle of Man in a decade. At a time of disastrous environmental change, there are practical reasons for listening in to the wisdom of linguistic communities that might be exceptionally small on their own, but which together speak more than half of the world’s surviving languages. From Sami reindeer herders across the Arctic to Australia’s Indigenous peoples, the ways in which people express themselves embody ancient ways of living in nature. Both a will and a way are needed if they are to survive. 43 A．By simply honoring their existence, linguists play an important role. B．Faced with these alarming numbers, opinions coincide that preservation should be pursued with urgency. C．For linguists, it is a “living bridge” to the ancient Hellenic world, the loss of which would be a blow. D．However, even among linguists themselves, there is a debate about whether they should be preserved at all costs. E．The sort of easy-to-use recording technology employed by Crowdsourcing Romeyka is a gamechanger. F．This event highlighted a broader crisis: nine languages are thought to disappear from daily use each year. 【答案】40．F 41．C 42．D 43．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，聚焦濒危方言与语言的生存问题，以希腊濒危方言Romeyka为例，引出全球语言快速消失的严峻现状，介绍了语言记录、保护的相关尝试，并指出古老语言承载着历史文化与生态智慧，强调保护濒危语言刻不容缓。 40．根据上文“Languages are not only tools of communication but also carriers of history, culture, and identity. Last week, the launch of a “last chance” crowdsourcing tool to record a threatened Greek dialect attracted wide attention.(语言不仅是沟通的工具，更是历史、文化与身份的载体。上周，一款用于记录濒危希腊方言的“最后机会”众筹工具一经推出，便引发广泛关注)”以及下文具体介绍Romeyka这门濒危方言可知，空格处需承接该事件，点明其背后反映的语言危机。F选项“This event highlighted a broader crisis: nine languages are thought to disappear from daily use each year.(这一事件凸显了一个更广泛的危机：据估计每年有九种语言从日常使用中消失)”既呼应上文事件，又自然引出语言濒危的普遍问题，符合语境。故选F项。 41．根据下文“But some languages are in even bigger trouble.(但有些语言面临的问题更严重)”以及一系列关于语言消失的惊人数据可知，空格处需先评价上文提到的Romeyka的价值。C选项“For linguists, it is a “living bridge” to the ancient Hellenic world, the loss of which would be a blow.(对语言学家来说，它是通往古希腊世界的“活桥梁”，失去它将是一个打击)”强调了Romeyka的重要性，再用“but”转折说明还有语言处境更糟，逻辑通顺，符合语境。故选C项。 42．根据上文“It is one thing to record and document endangered languages.(记录和整理濒危语言是一回事)”以及后文提到少数语言可能出现断代、人们对保护有不同看法可知，空格处需表达对保护的不同态度。D选项“However, even among linguists themselves, there is a debate about whether they should be preserved at all costs.(然而，即使在语言学家内部，也存在是否应不惜一切代价保护它们的争论)”与上文形成转折，指出保护并非毫无争议，符合语境。故选D项。 43．根据上文“Both a will and a way are needed if they are to survive.(这些语言想要生存下去，既需要意愿，也需要方法)” 可知，空格处需要具体说明相关人员在保护中可以发挥的作用。A 选项 “By simply honoring their existence, linguists play an important role.(只要尊重它们的存在，语言学家们就能发挥重要作用)”紧承上文，指出语言学家在语言保护中的重要角色，对前文进行补充和收尾，符合语境。故选 A 项。 五、概要写作 Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible. Will Translation Apps Make Learning Foreign Languages Unnecessary? Between 2009 and 2013, one American college closed its foreign language program; between 2013 and 2017, 651 others did the same. At first glance, these statistics look tragic. But I am starting to believe that maybe they are not. What is changing my mind is technology. Before last Christmas, for example, I was introduced to ChatGPT by someone who had it write on a certain topic in my “style.” Fascinating enough. But then it was told to translate the article into Russian. It did so, instantly to produce the Russian that was remarkably functional. And what about spoken language? I was in Belgium not long ago, and I watched various tourists from a variety of nations use instant speech translation apps to translate their own languages into English and French. I don’t think these tools will ever make learning foreign languages completely unnecessary. What is implied in the natural flow of casual conversation cannot be translated by a program, at least not in a fully human way. For example, when I announce “Tomorrow I start my diet,” I sound dramatic, suggesting that I may have delayed the diet until now. A typical translation would simply have me saying “Tomorrow I am going to start my diet,” which is a more straightforward statement of a future plan. But even if it may fail at genuine conversation — for now, at least — technology is removing most of the need to learn foreign languages for more practical purposes. The old-school language textbook examples, of people reserving hotel rooms or ordering meals in the language of the country they are visiting will now be out of date. And most people are interested much less in how they are saying things, and which language they are saying them in, than in what they are saying. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】     This article discusses whether translation applications will make learning foreign languages unnecessary. Statistics makes the author believe it was unnecessary to learn foreign languages. However, an experience of using ChatGPT convinced the author that translation applications will never make learning foreign languages completely unnecessary, as implicit content in the natural flow of casual conversation cannot be translated by a program. 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。本文讨论了翻译应用程序是否会使学习外语变得不必要。统计数据使作者认为没有必要学习外语。然而，使用ChatGPT的经验让作者相信，翻译应用程序永远不会让学习外语变得完全没有必要，因为随意对话的自然流中的隐含内容无法被程序翻译。 【详解】1.要点摘录 ①Will Translation Apps Make Learning Foreign Languages Unnecessary? ②Between 2009 and 2013, one American college closed its foreign language program; between 2013 and 2017, 651 others did the same. At first glance, these statistics look tragic. ③Before last Christmas, for example, I was introduced to ChatGPT by someone who had it write on a certain topic in my “style.” ④But then it was told to translate the article into Russian. It did so, instantly to produce the Russian that was remarkably functional. ⑤I don’t think these tools will ever make learning foreign languages completely unnecessary. What is implied in the natural flow of casual conversation cannot be translated by a program, at least not in a fully human way. 2.缜密构思 将第1、2两个要点分别进行改写，将第3、4、5三个要点进行整合。 3.遣词造句 This article discusses whether translation applications will make learning foreign languages unnecessary. Statistics makes the author believe it was unnecessary to learn foreign languages. However, an experience of using ChatGPT convinced the author that translation applications will never make learning foreign languages completely unnecessary, as implicit content in the natural flow of casual conversation cannot be translated by a program. 【点睛】[高分句型1] This article discusses whether translation applications will make learning foreign languages unnecessary. (运用whether宾语从句总结全文大意) [高分句型2] However, an experience of using ChatGPT convinced the author that translation applications will never make learning foreign languages completely unnecessary, as implicit content in the natural flow of casual conversation cannot be translated by a program. (用that宾语从句和as原因状语从句说明作者的观点及其原因) 2 / 23 学科网（北京）股份有限1 / 23 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $