专题03 动词的时态(过去完成时、现在完成进行时和将来进行时、过去完成时和过去进行时的被动语态)(期中复习讲义)高二英语下学期译林版

2026-04-13
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学段 高中
学科 英语
教材版本 -
年级 高二
章节 -
类型 教案-讲义
知识点 时态,被动语态
使用场景 同步教学-期中
学年 2026-2027
地区(省份) 全国
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发布时间 2026-04-13
更新时间 2026-04-13
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品牌系列 上好课·考点大串讲
审核时间 2026-04-13
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学科网(北京)股份有限公司 专题03 动词的时态(过去完成时、现在完成进行时和将来进行时、过去完成时和过去进行时的被动语态) (期中复习讲义) 近年考情回顾 根据近三年(2023-2025)高考英语真题的统计,本专题的时态和语态是语法填空的绝对核心,但考查重点存在明显差异: 语法 项目 出现频次 出现年份及试卷 命题趋势与备考建议 被动 语态 高频 2018北京卷;2011北京卷; 1. 当年绝对重点:过去完成时的被动语态。 过去 完成 时 中频 2023北京卷;2025北京卷; 1. “过去的过去”:通常与by the time, before, after或明确的过去时间状语连用 2. 示例:had arrived (在某个过去动作之前已经到达) 3. 说明:其被动语态 (had been done) 目前尚未出现,但需理解结构。 将来进行时 低频 2021天津卷 1. 考查极少:近三年新高考真题中未出现。 2. 用法:表示将来某一时刻正在进行的动作。 3. 示例:will be doing。 4. 说明:其被动语态(will be being done) 基本不考,了解即可。 现在完成进行时 极低频 近三年未出现 1. 暂未考查:尚未在语法填空中作为直接考点。 2. 潜在风险:该时态强调动作从过去持续至今, 且仍在进行,如have been doing,虽未考但建 议熟悉其含义。 1. 时态 常见题型及考点 与易混时态的区别 含义、构成、基本 用法 1. 语态常见题型及考点 结构易混之处讲解 含义、构成、基本 用法 过去完成时 一、含义 过去完成时表示发生在“过去的过去”的动作或状态。也就是说,当我们在谈论过去某个时间点或动作时,需要表达比它更早发生的另一件事,就要用过去完成时。 核心理解:过去有两个动作,先发生的用过去完成时,后发生的用一般过去时。 二、构成 句式 构成 示例 肯定句 主语 + had + 过去分词 She had left before I arrived. 否定句 主语 + had not (hadn't) + 过去分词 They hadn't finished the work by 6 pm. 一般疑问句 Had + 主语 + 过去分词+ ? Had you met him before that day? 特殊疑问句 疑问词 + had + 主语 + 过去分词 + ? Where had she put the keys? 被动语态 主语+had been+过去分词 The bridge had been built by 2020. 注意:had 所有人称相同,无单复数变化。 三、基本用法 用法 说明 英文例句 中文翻译 1. 表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成的动作 常与by, before, after, when, until等引导的时间状语连用,明确动作先后顺序。 The train had already left when we got to the station. 当我们到达车站时,火车已经开走了。 2. 与by + 过去时间连用 表示到过去某个时间点为止已经完成的动作。 By the end of last year, he had learned over 3,000 English words. 到去年年底为止,他已经学会了3000多个英语单词。 3. 用于宾语从句中 主句为一般过去时,从句动作发生在主句动作之前时,从句用过去完成时。 He said that he had seen the movie twice. 他说那部电影他已经看过两遍了。 4. 与hardly/ scarcely...when 或 no sooner ...than 搭配 表示“一……就……”,主句常用过去完成时。 I had hardly closed my eyes when the phone rang. 我刚一闭上眼睛,电话就响了。 5. 表示未实现的希望或打算 动词如hope, expect, think, want, plan等的过去完成时可表示“原本……(但没实现)”。 I had hoped to visit the museum, but it was closed. 我原本希望参观那个博物馆,但它关门了。 6. 被动语态:表示在过去某时之前已被完成的动作 强调承受者在过去更早的时间承受了某个动作。 The room had been cleaned before the guests arrived. 客人们到达之前,房间已经被打扫干净了。 四、易混淆时态对比 时态 时间参照点 例句对比 一般过去时 动作发生在过去的某个具体时间,不强调与其他过去动作的先后关系。 He arrived at 8 pm. (他晚上8点到了。) 过去完成时 强调动作发生在另一个过去动作之前。 He had arrived before the party started. (派对开始前他就已经到了。) 现在完成时 动作发生在过去,但与现在有关联。 He has arrived. (他已经到了——强调现在人在这儿。) 过去完成时 动作发生在过去,但与另一个过去动作有关联。 He had arrived when I called. (我打电话时,他已经到了。) 五、经典真题提示 高考中,过去完成时的常见信号词包括: by the time + 一般过去时从句 before / after 强调先后顺序 already, just, ever, never 等副词 宾语从句中主句为过去时 示例真题(2023北京卷): He was unhappy when he found his wallet empty. He ______ (arrive) home, but someone had broken into it. 答案:___________ 解析:“到家”发生在“被破门而入”之前,故用过去完成时。 现在完成进行时 与 将来进行时 一、时态含义对比 句式 现在完成进行时 将来进行时 肯定句 主语 + have/has + been + 现在分词 主语 + will be + 现在分词 否定句 主语 + have/has not + been + 现在分词 主语 + will not (won't) be + 现在分词 一般疑问句 Have/Has + 主语 + been + 现在分词 + ? Will + 主语 + be + 现在分词 + ? 特殊疑问句 疑问词 + have/has + 主语 + been + 现在分词 + ? 疑问词 + will + 主语 + be + 现在分词 + ? 二、基本用法对比 用法要点 现在完成进行时 将来进行时 1. 动作的起始与延续 动作从过去某时开始,持续到现在,且仍在进行。 动作在将来某个时间或时段内正在发生。 英文例句 I have been studying English for three hours. At 8 pm tomorrow, I will be studying English. 中文翻译 我已经连续学了三个小时英语了。(还在继续学) 明天晚上8点,我将在学英语。(那会儿正在学) 2. 强调持续性 强调动作的连续性、未中断,常带有感情色彩(如抱怨、赞叹)。 强调将来动作的自然进行,不强调起止时间。 英文例句 She has been working all day. She must be tired. Don't call me between 7 and 8. I will be having dinner. 中文翻译 她已经工作了一整天了。她一定很累。 7点到8点之间别给我打电话。我正在吃晚饭。 3. 常用时间标志词 for + 时间段, since + 时间点, all day/week, lately, recently, how long at + 具体将来时间, this time tomorrow, from...to..., when 从句 英文例句 How long have you been waiting? 你等了多久了? This time next week, we will be lying on the beach. 下周的这个时候,我们将正躺在沙滩上。 4. 与另一时态的对比 现在完成时结果(已完成),而现在完成进行时强调过程(还在做)。 一般将来时只陈述将来事实,而将来进行时强调进行中的状态。 英文例句 I have painted the room.(粉刷完了——强调结果) I have been painting the room.(还在粉刷——强调过程) I will have dinner at 7.(7点吃饭 一般将来时,陈述事实) I will be having dinner at 7.(7点 时正在吃饭, 将来进行时,强调那 个时刻的状态) 三、常见标志词速查表 现在完成进行时 将来进行时 for + 一段时间 (for two hours) at + 具体将来时间 (at 9 am tomorrow) since + 时间点 (since 8 am) this time + 将来时间 (this time next week) all day / all week / all morning from + 时间1 + to + 时间2 + 将来时间 lately / recently (最近) when + 一般现在时从句 (when you arrive) how long (疑问句中) while + 一般现在时从句 (while you sleep) 四、易错点与注意事项 时态 易错点 正确用法 现在完成进行时 ❌ 与状态动词连用 ❌ 与具体次数连用 ✅ 只能与动作动词连用 (work, study, wait, rain) ✅ 不说 “I have been knowing” (know是状态动词) ✅ 表次数用现在完成时:I have seen it three times. 将来进行时 ❌ 与by + 将来时间连用 ❌ 与when从句中的一般现在时混淆 ✅by next week与将来完成时连用 (will have done) ✅when you come用一般现在时表将来,主句用将来进行时:I will be sleeping when you come. 过去完成时和过去进行时的被动语态 一、构成对比 过去完成时被动 = had + been + done 过去进行时被动 = was/were + being + done 二、基本用法对比 用法要点 过去完成时被动语态 过去进行时被动语态 1. 表示在过去某时之前已被完成的被动动作 强调被动动作发生在另一个更早的过去,常与 by, before, when, after, until 等连用。 强调在过去某时刻或某时段内,被动动作正在被进行,常与 at that time, when/while, at 8 pm yesterday 等连用。 例句 By the time the police arrived, the thief had already been caught by a passer-by. 警察到达时,小偷已经被一名路人抓住了。 When I entered the room, a new bridge was being built by the workers. 我进入房间时,工人们正在建造一座新桥。 2. 与by + 过去时间连用 表示到过去某个时间点为止,被动动作已经完成。 表示在过去某段时间内,被动动作一直在进行。 例句 By the end of last year, all the tickets had been sold out. 到去年年底为止,所有的票都已经被卖光了。 From 8 to 10 yesterday morning, the classroom was being cleaned. 昨天上午8点到10点之间,教室正在被打扫。 3. 与before/after从句连用 明确两个过去被动动作的先后顺序,先发生的用过去完成时被动。 从句用一般过去时,主句用过去进行时被动,表示一个动作发生时,另一个被动动作正在进行。 例句 After the old building had been destroyed, a new one was put up. 旧楼被拆除之后,一栋新楼被建了起来。 The car was being repaired when the accident happened. 事故发生时,那辆车正在被修理。 4. 用于宾语从句中 主句为一般过去时,从句的被动动作发生在主句动作之前。 主句为一般过去时,从句表示过去某个时刻正在进行的被动动作。 例句 He told me that the work had been finished before I came. 他告诉我,在我来之前工作就已经被完成了。 He told me that a meeting was being held at that time. 他告诉我,那时正在开一个会议。 三、易错点与注意事项 时态 易错点 正确用法 过去完成时被动 ❌ 与一般过去时被动混淆 ❌ 忘记 been ❌ 无“过去的过去”参照点乱用 ✅ 必须有两个过去时间/动作,且被动动作发生在前 ✅ 结构为 had + been + done,been 不可省略 ✅ 如果只有一个过去时间,用一一般过去时被动(was/were done) 过去进行时被动 ❌ 忘记being ❌ 与一般过去时被动混淆 ❌ 与现在进行时被动混淆 ✅ 结构为 was/were + being + done,being不可省略 ✅ 强调“过去某时刻正在进行”,而非“完成” ✅ 对比:The house was built (建完了) vs was being built (正在建) 学以致用 当堂巩固 一、单句语法填空 (过去完成时、现在完成进行时和将来进行时) 1. By the time the rescue team arrived, the flood victims ________ (move) to a safer area. 2. She ________ never ________ (experience) such a heavy snowstorm before she moved to Harbin. 3. The manager found that the report ________ (not submit) by anyone, so he called an emergency meeting. 4. Look at your hands! You ________ (paint) the whole room without gloves, haven't you? 5. The little boy is out of breath because he ________ (chase) the puppy all over the garden. 6. How long ________ you ________ (wait) for the bus? It's already half an hour! 7. I ________ (learn) English every day since primary school, and I'm still not perfect. 8. Don't call me between 7:30 and 8:00 tomorrow evening. I ________ (have) dinner then. 9. This time next Friday, we ________ (fly) to Paris for our summer vacation. 10. When you arrive at the airport tomorrow, he ________ (wait) for you at the gate. 二、单句语法填空 (过去完成时和过去进行时的被动语态) 1. The letter ________ already ________ (write) before I realized my mistake. 2. He was sad because his proposal ________ (reject) by the committee. 3. By the time we got to the cinema, all the seats ________ (take). 4. The bridge ________ (repair) when we drove past it yesterday. 5. At that moment, a new school ________ (build) in our hometown. 6. The problem ________ (discuss) when the teacher walked into the classroom. 7. When I arrived at the party, all the food ________ (eat) by the hungry guests. 8. The patient ________ (examine) by the doctor at 9 o'clock yesterday morning. 9. The old building ________ (destroy) by the storm before the firefighters arrived. 10. I noticed that my car ________ (repair) when I passed by the garage. 三、语篇填空 A Memorable Flight Experience Last month, I took a red-eye flight from New York to London. Before that trip, I 1 (never/experience) such a long delay. By the time we finally boarded the plane at 2 a.m., most passengers 2 (already/fall) asleep. During the flight, something unusual happened. I learned that the passenger's medication 3 (already/take) by mistake by another traveler before boarding. As a result, his emergency bag 4 (open) by the staff to find alternative supplies before the doctors even arrived. While the sick passenger was being treated, I observed the crew closely. The head attendant 5 (comfort) by her colleague after handling a difficult passenger, while a new plan 6 (discuss) by the team near the galley. The head attendant later told me, "We 7 (prepare) for emergencies like this since our very first day of training." She added, "The whole team 8 (work) non-stop for over two hours, and we are still going strong." As we approached London, the pilot announced, "At 9 a.m. tomorrow London time, we 9 (land) at Heathrow Airport. At that exact moment, an ambulance 10 (wait) for us on the runway." I looked out the window, feeling grateful for these remarkable people. 四、真题再现 1.【2025年北京卷】By the time you brushed your teeth, you __________ (make) several decisions without even realizing it. 2. 【2023年北京卷】He was unhappy when he found his wallet empty. He __________ (arrive) home, but someone had broken into it. 3. 【2022年天津卷第二次】The children failed to hide their disappointment when they found out the school ________ the party. A. cancels B. will cancel C. has cancelled D. had cancelled 4. 【2021年天津卷第二次】Good evening, everybody. Professor King ________ his lecture in a moment, but let me introduce him first. A. delivered B. will be delivering C. was delivering D. has been delivering 5. 【2018年北京卷】 A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who __________ in the mountains for two days. A. are trapping B. have been trapped C. were trapping D. had been trapped 6. 【2011年北京卷】 Experiments of this kind __________ in both the U.S. and Europe well before the Second World War. A. have conducted B. have been conducted C. had conducted D. had been conducted 3 / 3 学科网(北京)股份有限公司zxxk.com 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $ 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 专题03 动词的时态(过去完成时、现在完成进行时和将来进行时、过去完成时和过去进行时的被动语态) (期中复习讲义) 近年考情回顾 根据近三年(2023-2025)高考英语真题的统计,本专题的时态和语态是语法填空的绝对核心,但考查重点存在明显差异: 语法 项目 出现频次 出现年份及试卷 命题趋势与备考建议 被动 语态 高频 2018北京卷;2011北京卷; 1. 当年绝对重点:过去完成时的被动语态。 过去 完成 时 中频 2023北京卷;2025北京卷; 1. “过去的过去”:通常与by the time, before, after或明确的过去时间状语连用 2. 示例:had arrived (在某个过去动作之前已经到达) 3. 说明:其被动语态 (had been done) 目前尚未出现,但需理解结构。 将来进行时 低频 2021天津卷 1. 考查极少:近三年新高考真题中未出现。 2. 用法:表示将来某一时刻正在进行的动作。 3. 示例:will be doing。 4. 说明:其被动语态(will be being done) 基本不考,了解即可。 现在完成进行时 极低频 近三年未出现 1. 暂未考查:尚未在语法填空中作为直接考点。 2. 潜在风险:该时态强调动作从过去持续至今,且仍在进行,如have been doing,虽未考但建议熟悉其含义。 1. 时态 常见题型及考点 与易混时态的区别 含义、构成、基本 用法 1. 语态常见题型及考点 结构易混之处讲解 含义、构成、基本 用法 过去完成时 一、含义 过去完成时表示发生在“过去的过去”的动作或状态。也就是说,当我们在谈论过去某个时间点或动作时,需要表达比它更早发生的另一件事,就要用过去完成时。 核心理解:过去有两个动作,先发生的用过去完成时,后发生的用一般过去时。 二、构成 句式 构成 示例 肯定句 主语 + had + 过去分词 She had left before I arrived. 否定句 主语 + had not (hadn't) + 过去分词 They hadn't finished the work by 6 pm. 一般疑问句 Had + 主语 + 过去分词+ ? Had you met him before that day? 特殊疑问句 疑问词 + had + 主语 + 过去分词 + ? Where had she put the keys? 被动语态 主语+had been+过去分词 The bridge had been built by 2020. 注意:had 所有人称相同,无单复数变化。 三、基本用法 用法 说明 英文例句 中文翻译 1. 表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成的动作 常与by, before, after, when, until等引导的时间状语连用,明确动作先后顺序。 The train had already left when we got to the station. 当我们到达车站时,火车已经开走了。 2. 与by + 过去时间连用 表示到过去某个时间点为止已经完成的动作。 By the end of last year, he had learned over 3,000 English words. 到去年年底为止,他已经学会了3000多个英语单词。 3. 用于宾语从句中 主句为一般过去时,从句动作发生在主句动作之前时,从句用过去完成时。 He said that he had seen the movie twice. 他说那部电影他已经看过两遍了。 4. 与hardly/ scarcely...when 或 no sooner ...than 搭配 表示“一……就……”,主句常用过去完成时。 I had hardly closed my eyes when the phone rang. 我刚一闭上眼睛,电话就响了。 5. 表示未实现的希望或打算 动词如hope, expect, think, want, plan等的过去完成时可表示“原本……(但没实现)”。 I had hoped to visit the museum, but it was closed. 我原本希望参观那个博物馆,但它关门了。 6. 被动语态:表示在过去某时之前已被完成的动作 强调承受者在过去更早的时间承受了某个动作。 The room had been cleaned before the guests arrived. 客人们到达之前,房间已经被打扫干净了。 四、易混淆时态对比 时态 时间参照点 例句对比 一般过去时 动作发生在过去的某个具体时间,不强调与其他过去动作的先后关系。 He arrived at 8 pm. (他晚上8点到了。) 过去完成时 强调动作发生在另一个过去动作之前。 He had arrived before the party started. (派对开始前他就已经到了。) 现在完成时 动作发生在过去,但与现在有关联。 He has arrived. (他已经到了——强调现在人在这儿。) 过去完成时 动作发生在过去,但与另一个过去动作有关联。 He had arrived when I called. (我打电话时,他已经到了。) 五、经典真题提示 高考中,过去完成时的常见信号词包括: by the time + 一般过去时从句 before / after 强调先后顺序 already, just, ever, never 等副词 宾语从句中主句为过去时 示例真题(2023北京卷): He was unhappy when he found his wallet empty. He ______ (arrive) home, but someone had broken into it. 答案:had arrived 解析:“到家”发生在“被破门而入”之前,故用过去完成时。 现在完成进行时 与 将来进行时 一、时态含义对比 句式 现在完成进行时 将来进行时 肯定句 主语 + have/has + been + 现在分词 主语 + will be + 现在分词 否定句 主语 + have/has not + been + 现在分词 主语 + will not (won't) be + 现在分词 一般疑问句 Have/Has + 主语 + been + 现在分词 + ? Will + 主语 + be + 现在分词 + ? 特殊疑问句 疑问词 + have/has + 主语 + been + 现在分词 + ? 疑问词 + will + 主语 + be + 现在分词 + ? 二、基本用法对比 用法要点 现在完成进行时 将来进行时 1. 动作的起始与延续 动作从过去某时开始,持续到现在,且仍在进行。 动作在将来某个时间或时段内正在发生。 英文例句 I have been studying English for three hours. At 8 pm tomorrow, I will be studying English. 中文翻译 我已经连续学了三个小时英语了。(还在继续学) 明天晚上8点,我将在学英语。(那会儿正在学) 2. 强调持续性 强调动作的连续性、未中断,常带有感情色彩(如抱怨、赞叹)。 强调将来动作的自然进行,不强调起止时间。 英文例句 She has been working all day. She must be tired. Don't call me between 7 and 8. I will be having dinner. 中文翻译 她已经工作了一整天了。她一定很累。 7点到8点之间别给我打电话。我正在吃晚饭。 3. 常用时间标志词 for + 时间段, since + 时间点, all day/week, lately, recently, how long at + 具体将来时间, this time tomorrow, from...to..., when 从句 英文例句 How long have you been waiting? 你等了多久了? This time next week, we will be lying on the beach. 下周的这个时候,我们将正躺在沙滩上。 4. 与另一时态的对比 现在完成时结果(已完成),而现在完成进行时强调过程(还在做)。 一般将来时只陈述将来事实,而将来进行时强调进行中的状态。 英文例句 I have painted the room.(粉刷完了——强调结果) I have been painting the room.(还在粉刷——强调过程) I will have dinner at 7.(7点吃饭 一般将来时,陈述事实) I will be having dinner at 7.(7点 时正在吃饭, 将来进行时,强调那 个时刻的状态) 三、常见标志词速查表 现在完成进行时 将来进行时 for + 一段时间 (for two hours) at + 具体将来时间 (at 9 am tomorrow) since + 时间点 (since 8 am) this time + 将来时间 (this time next week) all day / all week / all morning from + 时间1 + to + 时间2 + 将来时间 lately / recently (最近) when + 一般现在时从句 (when you arrive) how long (疑问句中) while + 一般现在时从句 (while you sleep) 四、易错点与注意事项 时态 易错点 正确用法 现在完成进行时 ❌ 与状态动词连用 ❌ 与具体次数连用 ✅ 只能与动作动词连用 (work, study, wait, rain) ✅ 不说 “I have been knowing” (know是状态动词) ✅ 表次数用现在完成时:I have seen it three times. 将来进行时 ❌ 与by + 将来时间连用 ❌ 与when从句中的一般现在时混淆 ✅by next week与将来完成时连用 (will have done) ✅when you come用一般现在时表将来,主句用将来进行时:I will be sleeping when you come. 过去完成时和过去进行时的被动语态 一、构成对比 过去完成时被动 = had + been + done 过去进行时被动 = was/were + being + done 二、基本用法对比 用法要点 过去完成时被动语态 过去进行时被动语态 1. 表示在过去某时之前已被完成的被动动作 强调被动动作发生在另一个更早的过去,常与 by, before, when, after, until 等连用。 强调在过去某时刻或某时段内,被动动作正在被进行,常与 at that time, when/while, at 8 pm yesterday 等连用。 例句 By the time the police arrived, the thief had already been caught by a passer-by. 警察到达时,小偷已经被一名路人抓住了。 When I entered the room, a new bridge was being built by the workers. 我进入房间时,工人们正在建造一座新桥。 2. 与by + 过去时间连用 表示到过去某个时间点为止,被动动作已经完成。 表示在过去某段时间内,被动动作一直在进行。 例句 By the end of last year, all the tickets had been sold out. 到去年年底为止,所有的票都已经被卖光了。 From 8 to 10 yesterday morning, the classroom was being cleaned. 昨天上午8点到10点之间,教室正在被打扫。 3. 与before/after从句连用 明确两个过去被动动作的先后顺序,先发生的用过去完成时被动。 从句用一般过去时,主句用过去进行时被动,表示一个动作发生时,另一个被动动作正在进行。 例句 After the old building had been destroyed, a new one was put up. 旧楼被拆除之后,一栋新楼被建了起来。 The car was being repaired when the accident happened. 事故发生时,那辆车正在被修理。 4. 用于宾语从句中 主句为一般过去时,从句的被动动作发生在主句动作之前。 主句为一般过去时,从句表示过去某个时刻正在进行的被动动作。 例句 He told me that the work had been finished before I came. 他告诉我,在我来之前工作就已经被完成了。 He told me that a meeting was being held at that time. 他告诉我,那时正在开一个会议。 三、易错点与注意事项 时态 易错点 正确用法 过去完成时被动 ❌ 与一般过去时被动混淆 ❌ 忘记 been ❌ 无“过去的过去”参照点乱用 ✅ 必须有两个过去时间/动作,且被动动作发生在前 ✅ 结构为 had + been + done,been 不可省略 ✅ 如果只有一个过去时间,用一一般过去时被动(was/were done) 过去进行时被动 ❌ 忘记being ❌ 与一般过去时被动混淆 ❌ 与现在进行时被动混淆 ✅ 结构为 was/were + being + done,being不可省略 ✅ 强调“过去某时刻正在进行”,而非“完成” ✅ 对比:The house was built (建完了) vs was being built (正在建) 学以致用 当堂巩固 一、单句语法填空 (过去完成时、现在完成进行时和将来进行时) 1. By the time the rescue team arrived, the flood victims ________ (move) to a safer area. 答案:had moved 解析: 语境判断:时间状语 By the time the rescue team arrived 表示“到救援队到达时为止”。救援队到达是过去的时间点(一般过去时),洪水受害者“转移”发生在救援队到达之前,即“过去的过去”。 2. She ________ never ________ (experience) such a heavy snowstorm before she moved to Harbin. 答案:had;experienced 解析: 语境判断:before she moved to Harbin 表示“在她搬到哈尔滨之前”。“搬到哈尔滨”是过去的动作(一般过去时),而“经历暴风雪”发生在这个动作之前,且 never 强调到那个时间点为止从未有过。 3. The manager found that the report ________ (not submit) by anyone, so he called an emergency meeting. 答案:had not been submitted 解析: 语境判断:主句 The manager found 使用一般过去时,宾语从句中的动作“提交报告”发生在 found 之前,且报告与提交之间是被动关系(报告被提交)。句意:“经理发现报告还没有被任何人提交。” 4. Look at your hands! You ________ (paint) the whole room without gloves, haven't you? 答案:have been painting 解析: 语境判断:对方的手上有油漆(Look at your hands! 是直接证据),说话者推断对方“整个房间”一直在刷漆。动作从过去开始,持续到现在,且对现在造成明显结果(手上有油漆),符合现在完成进行时的典型场景。反意疑问句的助动词与主句(或主句部分)保持一致。这里 haven't you? 中的 have 与 You have been painting... 中的 have 呼应。 5. The little boy is out of breath because he ________ (chase) the puppy all over the garden. 答案:has been chasing 解析: 语境判断:“气喘吁吁”(is out of breath)是现在的结果,原因是从过去到现在一直在“追赶小狗”。all over the garden 强调动作的持续性和范围,动作目前可能仍在继续(小狗可能还在跑),适合用现在完成进行时。 6. How long ________ you ________ (wait) for the bus? It's already half an hour! 答案:have;been waiting 解析: 语境判断:How long 询问动作从过去持续到现在的时长,It's already half an hour 暗示动作仍在继续(还没等到车)。现在完成进行时常与 how long、for、since 等表示时间长度的状语连用。 7. I ________ (learn) English every day since primary school, and I'm still not perfect. 答案:have been learning 解析: 语境判断:since primary school 表示从小学一直持续到现在,every day 强调动作的频繁和连续,and I'm still not perfect 明确暗示学习仍在继续,并未结束。现在完成进行时强调动作的持续性和未完成感,与语境高度匹配。 8. Don't call me between 7:30 and 8:00 tomorrow evening. I ________ (have) dinner then. 答案:will be having 解析: 语境判断:Don't call me between 7:30 and 8:00 tomorrow evening 明确给出了将来的一段时间,then 指代这个时间段。说话者强调在那段时间里“正在吃晚饭”,动作是持续进行的,而非单纯陈述将来事实。 9. This time next Friday, we ________ (fly) to Paris for our summer vacation. 答案:will be flying 解析: 语境判断:This time next Friday 是典型的将来进行时标志词,表示“下周五的这个时候”。说话者描绘将来某一具体时刻正在进行的动作,强调“届时正在飞往巴黎的路上”。 10. When you arrive at the airport tomorrow, he ________ (wait) for you at the gate. 答案:will be waiting 解析: 语境判断:When you arrive at the airport tomorrow 是时间状语从句,用一般现在时表将来, 即“主将从现”。即主句用将来时(这里用了将来进行时),时间状语从句用一般现在时代替将来时。主句描述将来那一刻正在进行的动作——你到达的那一刻,他“正在门口等着”。将来进行时使描述更生动、具体,强调动作的同时性。 二、单句语法填空 (过去完成时和过去进行时的被动语态) 1. The letter ________ already ________ (write) before I realized my mistake. 答案:had;been written 解析: 语境判断:时间状语从句 before I realized my mistake 表示“在我意识到错误之前”。主句动作“写信”发生在从句动作“意识到错误”之前,即“过去的过去”。同时,主语 The letter 与 write 之间是被动关系(信被写)。 2. He was sad because his proposal ________ (reject) by the committee. 答案:had been rejected 解析: 语境判断:主句 He was sad 使用一般过去时,because 引导的原因状语从句中,“提议被否决”发生在 was sad 之前,且 proposal 与 reject 之间是被动关系(提议被否决)。句意:“他很伤心,因为他的提议已经被委员会否决了。” 3. By the time we got to the cinema, all the seats ________ (take). 答案:had been taken 解析: 语境判断:时间状语 By the time we got to the cinema 表示“到我们到达电影院时为止”。“到达电影院”是过去的动作(一般过去时),“座位被占”发生在这个动作之前,即“过去的过去”。主语 seats 与 take 之间是被动关系(座位被占)。 4. The bridge ________ (repair) when we drove past it yesterday. 答案:was being repaired 解析: 语境判断:时间状语从句 when we drove past it yesterday 表示“昨天我们开车经过时”。主句描述过去某一具体时刻正在进行的动作,且主语 The bridge 与 repair 之间是被动关系(桥被修)。过去进行时被动语态强调“过去某时刻正在被做”。 5. At that moment, a new school ________ (build) in our hometown. 答案:was being built 解析: 语境判断:At that moment(那时)明确指向过去的某一具体时刻。主语 a new school 与 build 之间是被动关系(学校被建造)。过去进行时被动语态强调“在过去那个时刻,建造动作正在进行”。 6. The problem ________ (discuss) when the teacher walked into the classroom. 答案:was being discussed 解析: 语境判断:时间状语从句 when the teacher walked into the classroom 表示“当老师走进教室时”。主句描述那一时刻正在进行的动作,主语 The problem 与 discuss 之间是被动关系(问题被讨论)。句意:“老师走进教室时,那个问题正在被讨论。” 7. When I arrived at the party, all the food ________ (eat) by the hungry guests. 答案:had been eaten 解析: 语境判断:时间状语从句 When I arrived at the party 表示“当我到达派对时”。“到达”是过去的动作(一般过去时),“食物被吃”发生在这个动作之前,即“过去的过去”。主语 all the food 与 eat 之间是被动关系(食物被吃)。 8. The patient ________ (examine) by the doctor at 9 o'clock yesterday morning. 答案:was being examined 解析: 语境判断:at 9 o'clock yesterday morning(昨天早上9点整)是过去的具体时间点。主语 The patient 与 examine 之间是被动关系(病人被检查)。过去进行时被动语态强调“在过去那个确切的时间点,检查动作正在进行”。 9. The old building ________ (destroy) by the storm before the firefighters arrived. 答案:had been destroyed 解析: 语境判断:时间状语从句 before the firefighters arrived 表示“在消防员到达之前”。“消防员到达”是过去的动作(一般过去时),“老建筑被摧毁”发生在这个动作之前,即“过去的过去”。主语 The old building 与 destroy 之间是被动关系。 10. I noticed that my car ________ (repair) when I passed by the garage. 答案:was being repaired 解析: 语境判断:时间状语从句 when I passed by the garage 表示“当我经过修车厂时”。主句 I noticed 使用一般过去时,宾语从句描述经过那一时刻正在进行的动作,且 my car 与 repair之间是被 动关系。句意:“我经过修车厂时注意到我的车正在被修理。” 三、语篇填空 A Memorable Flight Experience Last month, I took a red-eye flight from New York to London. Before that trip, I 1 (never/experience) such a long delay. By the time we finally boarded the plane at 2 a.m., most passengers 2 (already/fall) asleep. During the flight, something unusual happened. I learned that the passenger's medication 3 (already/take) by mistake by another traveler before boarding. As a result, his emergency bag 4 (open) by the staff to find alternative supplies before the doctors even arrived. While the sick passenger was being treated, I observed the crew closely. The head attendant 5 (comfort) by her colleague after handling a difficult passenger, while a new plan 6 (discuss) by the team near the galley. The head attendant later told me, "We 7 (prepare) for emergencies like this since our very first day of training." She added, "The whole team 8 (work) non-stop for over two hours, and we are still going strong." As we approached London, the pilot announced, "At 9 a.m. tomorrow London time, we 9 (land) at Heathrow Airport. At that exact moment, an ambulance 10 (wait) for us on the runway." I looked out the window, feeling grateful for these remarkable people. 1. 答案:had never experienced 解析: 语境判断:时间状语 Before that trip 表示“在那次旅行之前”。整个故事讲述的是过去发生的事情(Last month),而“从未经历过”发生在这个过去时间点之前,即“过去的过去”。never 表示否定。 2. 答案:had already fallen 解析: 语境判断:时间状语 By the time we finally boarded the plane 中的 boarded 为一般过去时。“乘客睡着”发生在“登机”这个动作之前,即“过去的过去”。already 进一步强调动作已完成。 3. 答案:had already been taken 解析: 语境判断:主句 learned 为一般过去时。宾语从句中,“药物被拿错”发生在 learned 这个动作之前,且before boarding 进一步明确了时间先后(登机之前就已发生)。主语 medication 与 take 之间是被动关系(药物被另一名旅客拿走)。 4. 答案:had been opened 解析: 语境判断:时间状语从句before the doctors even arrived 中的arrived为一般过去时。“应急包被打开”发生在“医生到达”这个动作之前,即“过去的过去”。主语 bag 与 open 之间是被动关系(包被工作人员打开)。 5. 答案:was being comforted 解析: 语境判断:after handling a difficult passenger 提供了过去的时间背景。描述在过去某一时刻,主语“乘务长”正在“被安慰”,动作是正在进行的,且为被动关系(乘务长被同事安慰)。 6. 答案:was being discussed 解析: 语境判断:while 引导的从句与上一动作(第5题)同时发生,描述在过去同一时间段内正在进行的被动动作。主语 a new plan 与 discuss 之间是被动关系(新方案被讨论)。 7. 答案:have been preparing 解析: 语境判断:since our very first day of training(从我们培训的第一天起)是现在完成进行时的典型标志词,表示动作从过去持续到现在,且仍在继续(培训第一天到现在一直在准备)。直接引语保留了说话时的原话,应用现在完成进行时。 8. 答案:have been working 解析: 语境判断:for over ten hours(超过十个小时)表示动作持续了一段时间,and we are still going strong(而且我们仍然干劲十足)明确暗示动作仍在继续,并未结束。这是现在完成进行时的典型语境——从过去持续到现在,且仍在进行。 9. 答案:will be landing 解析: 语境判断:At 9 a.m. tomorrow 是具体的将来时间点。说话者在此处不是单纯陈述将来事实,而是描绘在将来那个特定时刻正在发生的动作——明天早上9点那一刻,飞机“正在降落”。 10. 答案:will be waiting 解析: 语境判断:at that exact moment指代前面提到的“明天早上9点”,是一个具体的将来时间点。说话者描绘将来那一刻正在发生的动作——你降落的那一刻,救护车“正在跑道上等着”。 四、真题再现 1.【2025年北京卷】By the time you brushed your teeth, you __________ (make) several decisions without even realizing it. 答案:had made 解析: 语境判断:时间状语By the time you brushed your teeth中的brushed为一般过去时,表示“到你刷牙时为止”。“做决定”这个动作发生在“刷牙”这个过去动作之前,即“过去的过去”。 2. 【2023年北京卷】He was unhappy when he found his wallet empty. He __________ (arrive) home, but someone had broken into it. 答案:had arrived 解析: 语境判断:后半句的had broken into是过去完成时,表示“已经破门而入”。“到家”这件事发生在“有人破门而入”之前。相对于“破门而入”这个过去的动作,“到家”发生在更早的过去。 3. 【2022年天津卷第二次】The children failed to hide their disappointment when they found out the school ________ the party. A. cancels B. will cancel C. has cancelled D. had cancelled 【答案】D 【解析】考查动词的时态。句意:当孩子们发现学校取消了派对时,他们无法掩饰他们的失望。结合句意可知,学校取消派对发生在前,孩子无法掩饰失望发生在后,故从句的cancel为“过去的过去”,需要用过去完成时态。故选D项。 4. 【2021年天津卷第二次】Good evening, everybody. Professor King ________ his lecture in a moment, but let me introduce him first. A. delivered B. will be delivering C. was delivering D. has been delivering 【答案】B 【解析】考查将来进行时。句意:大家晚上好,金教授马上要发表演讲,但(开始之前)让我先介绍一下他。根据语境和标志词in a moment(立即,即将,一会儿)的提示,可知教授的演讲还未开始,用将来时态(一般将来时或将来进行时),仅有B符合题意,是将来进行时的结构,故选B。 5. 【2018年北京卷】 A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who __________ in the mountains for two days. A. are trapping B. have been trapped C. were trapping D. had been trapped 答案:D 解析: 语境判断:主句risked为一般过去时,定语从句中的动作“被困”发生在主句动作之前(先被困,后救援),即“过去的过去”。主语two tourists与trap(困住)之间是被动关系(游客被困)。 6. 【2011年北京卷】 Experiments of this kind __________ in both the U.S. and Europe well before the Second World War. A. have conducted B. have been conducted C. had conducted D. had been conducted 答案:D 解析: 语境判断:时间状语well before the Second World War(早在二战之前)表明动作发生在过去的过去。主语Experiments与conduct(进行)之间是被动关系(实验被进行)。 3 / 3 学科网(北京)股份有限公司zxxk.com 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $

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专题03 动词的时态(过去完成时、现在完成进行时和将来进行时、过去完成时和过去进行时的被动语态)(期中复习讲义)高二英语下学期译林版
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专题03 动词的时态(过去完成时、现在完成进行时和将来进行时、过去完成时和过去进行时的被动语态)(期中复习讲义)高二英语下学期译林版
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专题03 动词的时态(过去完成时、现在完成进行时和将来进行时、过去完成时和过去进行时的被动语态)(期中复习讲义)高二英语下学期译林版
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