专题04 定语从句（期中复习讲义）高一英语下学期沪外版

专题04定语从句（期中复习讲义） 内 容 导 航 考情透视·目标导航 透析期中考向，锚定备考重心 知识梳理·方法技巧 梳理核心脉络，扫除知识盲区 知识点01 关系代词 知识点02 关系副词 知识点03 非限制性定语从句 典例引领·即时检测 精析典型例题，强化解题能力 考场练兵·分层实战 阶梯实战演练，验收复习成效 考情透视·目标导航 核心考点 复习目标 考情规律 关系代词引导定语从句 掌握 that/which/who/whom/whose 的用法；能根据先行词（人 / 物）和从句成分，选择正确的关系代词。 基础必考点。在语法填空中高频出现，常考查关系代词的指代、主宾格区分及 that/which 的用法区别。 关系副词引导定语从句 掌握 when/where/why 的用法；理解关系副词在从句中作状语的逻辑，能区分关系副词与关系代词的用法差异。 高频重难点。是语法填空的核心考点，也是阅读理解中分析长难句的关键；常与表时间、地点、原因的先行词结合考查。 非限制性定语从句 掌握 which 引导非限制性定语从句的用法；理解逗号分隔的结构特点，能区分限制性与非限制性定语从句的用法差异。 高频易错点。学生在 which 的指代、逗号的使用上容易混淆，是写作提分的关键句型，也是语法填空和阅读理解的常考点。 知识梳理·方法技巧 知识点01 关系代词 1. 核心用法 关系代词用来指代先行词（人 / 物），在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分，是定语从句最基础、最高频的考点。 表格 关系代词 指代对象 在从句中可作成分 例句 who 人 主语 / 宾语 The girl who helped me is my classmate. whom 人 宾语 The teacher whom we met yesterday is very patient. which 物 主语 / 宾语 The book which I borrowed from the library is interesting. that 人 / 物 主语 / 宾语 This is the best film that I have ever seen. whose 人 / 物 定语 The house whose roof was damaged in the storm has been repaired. 2. 关键考点与易错点 that 与 which 的区别： 1. 先行词被最高级、序数词、不定代词修饰时，只能用 that。例：All that glitters is not gold. 2. 非限制性定语从句中，只能用 which，不能用 that。 3. 介词提前时，只能用 which/whom，不能用 that。例：This is the room in which he once lived. 4. who 与 whom 的区别：who 在从句中作主语，whom 作宾语；口语中 whom 常被 who 替代，但介词后只能用 whom。 知识点02关系副词 1. 核心用法 关系副词用来指代先行词（时间 / 地点 / 原因），在定语从句中充当状语，本质上相当于 “介词 + which”。 表格 关系副词 指代对象 从句中成分 对应结构 例句 when 时间名词 时间状语 in/on/at which I still remember the day when we first met. where 地点名词 地点状语 in/at which This is the park where we used to play. why 原因名词（reason） 原因状语 for which I don't know the reason why he left early. 2. 关键考点与易错点 · 判断技巧：看从句是否完整。如果从句不缺主语和宾语，就用关系副词；如果缺主语 / 宾语，就用关系代词。例 1：This is the factory where my father works.（从句 works 完整，用 where）例 2：This is the factory which my father built.（从句 built 缺宾语，用 which） · 特殊用法：先行词是 case, situation, point 时，常用 where 引导定语从句，表示 “在…… 情况下 / 方面”。例：We are in a situation where we have to make a quick decision. 知识点03非限制性定语从句 1. 核心用法 非限制性定语从句用逗号与主句隔开，对先行词或整个主句进行补充说明，去掉后不影响主句意思，是高考语法填空和写作的高频考点。 2. 关键考点与易错点 which 的用法： 1. 指代主句中的某个名词：The house, which we bought last year, is now being decorated. 2. 指代整个主句（表 “这一点”）：He failed the exam, which made his parents very disappointed. 3. that 的限制：非限制性定语从句中，绝对不能用 that。 4. 介词 + 关系代词：非限制性定语从句中，常出现 “介词 + which/whom” 结构，如：The old man has three sons, two of whom are doctors.She bought a new car, the color of which is red. 5. 写作加分用法：用非限制性定语从句连接两个句子，让句式更高级、更连贯。例：The movie was very moving. It made me cry. → The movie, which made me cry, was very moving. 典例引领·即时检测 典例01 关系代词 题目：This is the scientist ______ won the Nobel Prize in Medicine last year. 易｜错｜点｜拨 易错点：误填which 原因：混淆了关系代词的指代对象。which只能指代事物，而先行词the scientist指人，因此不能用which。 解｜题｜技｜巧 “关系代词”判断要点： 1. 先找先行词：判断先行词是指人还是指物。 2. 再看从句成分：判断关系代词在从句中作主语还是宾语。 3. 对应选择：指人用who/whom/whose，指物用which/whose；that可指人也可指物，但有特殊使用限制。 即时检测 1. The old lady ______ we visited yesterday is a famous artist. 2. The book ______ cover is broken belongs to my deskmate. 3. This is the best movie ______ I have ever seen in my life. 4. The students ______ are from Class 3 will take part in the English speech contest. 5. The man ______ you talked to just now is our new head teacher. 典例02关系副词 题目：I still remember the day ______ I first came to this school. 易｜错｜点｜拨 易错点：误填which 原因：忽略了从句的成分完整性。从句“I first came to this school”不缺主语或宾语，此时不能用关系代词，而要用关系副词。 解｜题｜技｜巧 “关系副词”判断要点： 1. 先看先行词：是否是表时间、地点、原因的名词。 2. 再分析从句：如果从句结构完整（不缺主/宾），就用关系副词；如果缺主/宾，就用关系代词。 3. 对应选择：时间用when，地点用where，原因用why。 即时检测 1. I still remember the summer ______ we spent our vacation in the countryside. 2. This is the small town ______ my grandfather was born and raised. 3. The reason ______ he refused the offer is that he wants to pursue further study abroad. 4. We have reached a point ______ we have to make a crucial decision. 5. The day ______ I met my best friend for the first time is the most unforgettable in my memory. 典例03非限制性定语从句 题目：He gave me a gift, ______ made me very happy. 易｜错｜点｜拨 易错点：误填that 原因：忽略了非限制性定语从句的使用规则。非限制性定语从句中绝对不能用that引导，只能用which（指代物或整个主句）、who（指代人）等。 解｜题｜技｜巧 “非限制性定语从句”判断要点： 1. 看形式：从句与主句之间有逗号分隔。 2. 看功能：从句是对主句或先行词的补充说明，去掉后不影响主句核心意思。 3. 看关系词：不能用that，常用which（可指代整个主句）、who、whom、whose等。 即时检测 1. The weather turned out to be very good, ______ was more than we could expect. 2. My younger brother, ______ studies in a key high school, is very hard-working. 3. The project, ______ took us three years to complete, is a great success. 4. He missed the bus, ______ made him late for the meeting. 5. The new stadium, ______ was built last year, can hold 50,000 spectators. 考场练兵·分层实战 基础通关练（测试时间：12分钟） 1．The man you referred to is a famous scientist. 2．We all admire the volunteer devotes most of his time to protecting wild animals in the forest. 3．This is the only book tells us how to survive in the wild effectively. 4．The old temple walls are covered with green trees stands at the foot of the mountain.（用适当的词填空） 5．The work has just been finished is very important. 6．We are living in a situation technology changes very fast. 7．The reason he was late was that he missed the bus. 8．He has met many applicants in the interview, most of impressed him a lot. 9．In 2011, Cai lei joined JD Group, he led his team to develop the first electronic invoice (发票) in China. 10．The old man carried a wooden box with him everywhere he went, was said to contain his most treasured memories. 重难突破练（测试时间：20分钟） 11．I was amazed by all the different flavors and dishes I have never seen in the US. 12．The new library was built last year provides us with a quiet and comfortable place to study every day. 13．The veteran geologist dedicated his entire life to studying volcanic activities left a detailed journal that helped predict the recent eruption successfully. 14．The reason I admire him is that his positive attitude to life has a great effect on me. 15．I will always remember the people have helped and supported me in my life. 16．He was then working in an institute he met the girl he loved. 17．There are some moments we need to make important decisions by ourselves. 18．In ancient times, pipa was a popular instrument among scholars and artists, from they drew abundant ideas for poems and music. 19．The emergency supplies, included medical kits, portable generators and instant food, were airlifted to the isolated town hit by the sudden blizzard within 24 hours. 20．When I was in college, I met my future, Sichuan-born husband, interest was cooking meals. 综合拓展练（测试时间：10分钟） 21．In 1969, NASA successfully assembled a crew of three astronauts for the Apollo 11 mission, one of became the first human to walk on the moon. 22．His work shows the principles of biomimicry (仿生学), natural patterns and systems, such as the shapes of plants and animals, inspire human-made designs. 23．The mountain, name means “flowers and fruit”, attracts millions of tourists every year thanks to its mythical character and beautiful scenery. 24．Scientists are developing the only hardware imitates the human brain’s highly efficient way of processing information. 25．However, the number of locals object to tourists behaving badly is on the increase, and they’re voicing their concerns with authorities who are starting to take action. 26．With respect for heritage and a bold eye for innovation, Li is proving that traditional Chinese opera can be transformed into a dynamic stage timeless emotions are expressed in fresh ways. 27．“Both films are excellent. The former has grand special effects, while the latter excels in storytelling,” a movie-goer surname is Cao said. 28．The project has reached a stage requires the most careful planning and coordination from every department. 29．By understanding the history, types, and selection methods of down jackets, you can find the most suitable one for you will keep you warm and fashionable in the cold winter. 30．The following morning, the kitchen auntie discovered the plastic bag and posted in the community group, asking “Who did this?” I immediately admitted it was my fault and explained the reason I couldn’t bring myself to reach inside. 6 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题04定语从句（期中复习讲义） 内 容 导 航 考情透视·目标导航 透析期中考向，锚定备考重心 知识梳理·方法技巧 梳理核心脉络，扫除知识盲区 知识点01 关系代词 知识点02 关系副词 知识点03 非限制性定语从句 典例引领·即时检测 精析典型例题，强化解题能力 考场练兵·分层实战 阶梯实战演练，验收复习成效 考情透视·目标导航 核心考点 复习目标 考情规律 关系代词引导定语从句 掌握 that/which/who/whom/whose 的用法；能根据先行词（人 / 物）和从句成分，选择正确的关系代词。 基础必考点。在语法填空中高频出现，常考查关系代词的指代、主宾格区分及 that/which 的用法区别。 关系副词引导定语从句 掌握 when/where/why 的用法；理解关系副词在从句中作状语的逻辑，能区分关系副词与关系代词的用法差异。 高频重难点。是语法填空的核心考点，也是阅读理解中分析长难句的关键；常与表时间、地点、原因的先行词结合考查。 非限制性定语从句 掌握 which 引导非限制性定语从句的用法；理解逗号分隔的结构特点，能区分限制性与非限制性定语从句的用法差异。 高频易错点。学生在 which 的指代、逗号的使用上容易混淆，是写作提分的关键句型，也是语法填空和阅读理解的常考点。 知识梳理·方法技巧 知识点01 关系代词 1. 核心用法 关系代词用来指代先行词（人 / 物），在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分，是定语从句最基础、最高频的考点。 表格 关系代词 指代对象 在从句中可作成分 例句 who 人 主语 / 宾语 The girl who helped me is my classmate. whom 人 宾语 The teacher whom we met yesterday is very patient. which 物 主语 / 宾语 The book which I borrowed from the library is interesting. that 人 / 物 主语 / 宾语 This is the best film that I have ever seen. whose 人 / 物 定语 The house whose roof was damaged in the storm has been repaired. 2. 关键考点与易错点 that 与 which 的区别： 1. 先行词被最高级、序数词、不定代词修饰时，只能用 that。例：All that glitters is not gold. 2. 非限制性定语从句中，只能用 which，不能用 that。 3. 介词提前时，只能用 which/whom，不能用 that。例：This is the room in which he once lived. 4. who 与 whom 的区别：who 在从句中作主语，whom 作宾语；口语中 whom 常被 who 替代，但介词后只能用 whom。 知识点02关系副词 1. 核心用法 关系副词用来指代先行词（时间 / 地点 / 原因），在定语从句中充当状语，本质上相当于 “介词 + which”。 表格 关系副词 指代对象 从句中成分 对应结构 例句 when 时间名词 时间状语 in/on/at which I still remember the day when we first met. where 地点名词 地点状语 in/at which This is the park where we used to play. why 原因名词（reason） 原因状语 for which I don't know the reason why he left early. 2. 关键考点与易错点 · 判断技巧：看从句是否完整。如果从句不缺主语和宾语，就用关系副词；如果缺主语 / 宾语，就用关系代词。例 1：This is the factory where my father works.（从句 works 完整，用 where）例 2：This is the factory which my father built.（从句 built 缺宾语，用 which） · 特殊用法：先行词是 case, situation, point 时，常用 where 引导定语从句，表示 “在…… 情况下 / 方面”。例：We are in a situation where we have to make a quick decision. 知识点03非限制性定语从句 1. 核心用法 非限制性定语从句用逗号与主句隔开，对先行词或整个主句进行补充说明，去掉后不影响主句意思，是高考语法填空和写作的高频考点。 2. 关键考点与易错点 which 的用法： 1. 指代主句中的某个名词：The house, which we bought last year, is now being decorated. 2. 指代整个主句（表 “这一点”）：He failed the exam, which made his parents very disappointed. 3. that 的限制：非限制性定语从句中，绝对不能用 that。 4. 介词 + 关系代词：非限制性定语从句中，常出现 “介词 + which/whom” 结构，如：The old man has three sons, two of whom are doctors.She bought a new car, the color of which is red. 5. 写作加分用法：用非限制性定语从句连接两个句子，让句式更高级、更连贯。例：The movie was very moving. It made me cry. → The movie, which made me cry, was very moving. 典例引领·即时检测 典例01 关系代词 题目：This is the scientist ______ won the Nobel Prize in Medicine last year. 【答案】who 【详解】考查定语从句关系代词。句意：这就是那位去年获得诺贝尔医学奖的科学家。先行词是the scientist（指人），且关系代词在从句中作主语，因此用who引导定语从句。 易｜错｜点｜拨 易错点：误填which 原因：混淆了关系代词的指代对象。which只能指代事物，而先行词the scientist指人，因此不能用which。 解｜题｜技｜巧 “关系代词”判断要点： 1. 先找先行词：判断先行词是指人还是指物。 2. 再看从句成分：判断关系代词在从句中作主语还是宾语。 3. 对应选择：指人用who/whom/whose，指物用which/whose；that可指人也可指物，但有特殊使用限制。 即时检测 1. The old lady ______ we visited yesterday is a famous artist. 2. The book ______ cover is broken belongs to my deskmate. 3. This is the best movie ______ I have ever seen in my life. 4. The students ______ are from Class 3 will take part in the English speech contest. 5. The man ______ you talked to just now is our new head teacher. 答案与解析 1. who/whom/that 解析：先行词是the old lady（指人），关系代词在从句中作 visited 的宾语，可用who（口语常用）、whom（正式用法）或that。 2. whose 解析：先行词是the book（指物），关系代词在从句中作定语修饰 cover ，表示“书的封面”，只能用whose。 3. that 解析：先行词被最高级the best修饰，此时关系代词只能用that，不能用which；that在从句中作 seen 的宾语。 4. who/that 解析：先行词是the students（指人），关系代词在从句中作主语，可用who或that。 5. whom/who/that 解析：先行词是the man（指人），关系代词在从句中作介词 to 的宾语，介词未提前时可用whom、who或that；若介词提前则只能用whom。 【答案】to go 【详解】考查非谓语动词作定语。句意：在我们完全实现环保目标之前，还有很长的路要走。句中已有谓语is，固定表达a long way to go中不定式作后置定语，表示“有待完成的路程/任务”，故填to go。 典例02关系副词 题目：I still remember the day ______ I first came to this school. 【答案】when 【详解】考查定语从句关系副词。句意：我仍然记得我第一次来到这所学校的那一天。先行词是the day（表时间），且关系副词在从句中作时间状语，相当于on which，因此用when引导定语从句。 易｜错｜点｜拨 易错点：误填which 原因：忽略了从句的成分完整性。从句“I first came to this school”不缺主语或宾语，此时不能用关系代词，而要用关系副词。 解｜题｜技｜巧 “关系副词”判断要点： 1. 先看先行词：是否是表时间、地点、原因的名词。 2. 再分析从句：如果从句结构完整（不缺主/宾），就用关系副词；如果缺主/宾，就用关系代词。 3. 对应选择：时间用when，地点用where，原因用why。 即时检测 1. I still remember the summer ______ we spent our vacation in the countryside. 2. This is the small town ______ my grandfather was born and raised. 3. The reason ______ he refused the offer is that he wants to pursue further study abroad. 4. We have reached a point ______ we have to make a crucial decision. 5. The day ______ I met my best friend for the first time is the most unforgettable in my memory. 答案与解析 1. when 解析：先行词是the summer（表时间），从句 we spent our vacation in the countryside 结构完整（不缺主/宾），关系副词在从句中作时间状语，相当于in which。 2. where 解析：先行词是the small town（表地点），从句 my grandfather was born and raised 结构完整，关系副词在从句中作地点状语，相当于in which。 3. why 解析：先行词是the reason（表原因），关系副词在从句中作原因状语，相当于for which；注意若先行词reason在从句中作主/宾，则需用关系代词that/which。 4. where 解析：先行词是a point（抽象地点，表“阶段/程度”），从句结构完整，此时常用where引导定语从句，表“在这个阶段”。 5. when 解析：先行词是the day（表时间），从句 I met my best friend for the first time 结构完整，关系副词在从句中作时间状语，相当于on which。 典例03非限制性定语从句 题目：He gave me a gift, ______ made me very happy. 【答案】which 【详解】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：他送给了我一份礼物，这让我非常开心。非限制性定语从句用逗号与主句隔开，此处关系词指代前面整个主句的内容，且在从句中作主语，因此用which引导。 易｜错｜点｜拨 易错点：误填that 原因：忽略了非限制性定语从句的使用规则。非限制性定语从句中绝对不能用that引导，只能用which（指代物或整个主句）、who（指代人）等。 解｜题｜技｜巧 “非限制性定语从句”判断要点： 1. 看形式：从句与主句之间有逗号分隔。 2. 看功能：从句是对主句或先行词的补充说明，去掉后不影响主句核心意思。 3. 看关系词：不能用that，常用which（可指代整个主句）、who、whom、whose等。 即时检测 1. The weather turned out to be very good, ______ was more than we could expect. 2. My younger brother, ______ studies in a key high school, is very hard-working. 3. The project, ______ took us three years to complete, is a great success. 4. He missed the bus, ______ made him late for the meeting. 5. The new stadium, ______ was built last year, can hold 50,000 spectators. 答案与解析 1. which 解析：非限制性定语从句用逗号与主句隔开，此处关系词指代整个主句内容（天气变好这件事），在从句中作主语，只能用which，不能用that。 2. who 解析：先行词是My younger brother（指人），非限制性定语从句中关系代词在从句中作主语，只能用who，不能用that。 3. which 解析：先行词是The project（指物），非限制性定语从句中关系代词在从句中作主语，只能用which，不能用that。 4. which 解析：关系词指代整个主句内容（他错过公交车这件事），在从句中作主语，非限制性定语从句只能用which。 5. which 解析：先行词是The new stadium（指物），非限制性定语从句中关系代词在从句中作主语，只能用which，不能用that。 考场练兵·分层实战 基础通关练（测试时间：12分钟） 1．The man you referred to is a famous scientist. 【答案】whom/who/that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：你提到的那个人是一位著名的科学家。此处引导定语从句，先行词为the man指人，关系词在从句中作宾语，可用whom/who/that。故填whom/who/that。 2．We all admire the volunteer devotes most of his time to protecting wild animals in the forest. 【答案】who/that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我们都钦佩那位将大部分时间都用于保护森林中野生动物的志愿者。空处引导定语从句，先行词为volunteer，指人，在定语从句中作主语，所以用关系代词who或that引导。故填who/that。 3．This is the only book tells us how to survive in the wild effectively. 【答案】that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这是唯一一本能教我们如何在野外有效生存的书籍。此处引导限定性定语从句，先行词是book，指物，且被the only修饰，关系词在从句中作主语，只能用关系代词that引导。故填that。 4．The old temple walls are covered with green trees stands at the foot of the mountain.（用适当的词填空） 【答案】whose 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：绿树覆盖着墙壁的古庙坐落在山脚下。空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词temple，指物，且在定语从句中作定语，修饰名词walls，表示所属关系，意为“……的”，所以空处需用关系代词whose引导定语从句。故填whose。 5．The work has just been finished is very important. 【答案】that/which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：刚刚完成的这项工作非常重要。空格处引导的是限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词The work是物，因此用关系代词that/which引导定语从句，故填that/which。 6．We are living in a situation technology changes very fast. 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我们正处在一个技术变化极为迅速的环境中。定语从句修饰先行词situation，在从句作地点状语，关系副词为where。故填where。 7．The reason he was late was that he missed the bus. 【答案】why 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他迟到的原因是他没赶上公交车。the reason后接定语从句，且从句缺原因状语，用关系副词why。故填why。 8．He has met many applicants in the interview, most of impressed him a lot. 【答案】whom 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他在面试中见到了许多申请者，他们中的大多数都给他留下了深刻的印象。本空引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是many applicants，指人，关系词代替先行词在从句中作most of的宾语，用关系代词whom。故填whom。 9．In 2011, Cai lei joined JD Group, he led his team to develop the first electronic invoice (发票) in China. 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：2011年，蔡磊加入京东集团，在那里他带领团队开发了中国第一张电子发票。根据句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词“JD Group”，表示地点，关系词在从句中充当地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故填where。 10．The old man carried a wooden box with him everywhere he went, was said to contain his most treasured memories. 【答案】which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这位老人无论走到哪里都随身带着一个木盒子，据说里面装着他最珍贵的回忆。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为a wooden box，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which。故填which。 重难突破练（测试时间：20分钟） 11．I was amazed by all the different flavors and dishes I have never seen in the US. 【答案】that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我被各种各样我在美国从未见过的口味和菜品惊艳到了。分析句子结构可知，这里考查定语从句，从句缺少宾语，先行词flavors and dishes为物，且被all修饰，关系代词只能用that。故填that。 12．The new library was built last year provides us with a quiet and comfortable place to study every day. 【答案】which/that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：去年建成的新图书馆为我们每天提供了一个安静舒适的学习场所。空处需用关系词引导定语从句，先行词是library，指物，且在定语从句中作主语，所以空处需用关系代词which/that引导定语从句。故填which/that。 13．The veteran geologist dedicated his entire life to studying volcanic activities left a detailed journal that helped predict the recent eruption successfully. 【答案】who/that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这位毕生致力于研究火山活动的资深地质学家留下了一本详细的日记，成功帮助预测了最近的喷发。分析句子结构可知，这里考查定语从句，先行词为The veteran geologist，指人，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who或that引导，符合语境。故填who或that。 14．The reason I admire him is that his positive attitude to life has a great effect on me. 【答案】why 【详解】考查定语从句的关系词。句意：我钦佩他的原因是他对生活的积极态度对我有很大影响。此处引导定语从句，先行词为reason，在定语从句中作原因状语，应用关系副词why引导。故填why。 15．I will always remember the people have helped and supported me in my life. 【答案】who/that 【详解】考查定语从句关系词。句意：我将永远记住那些在我生命中帮助和支持过我的人。people是先行词，指人，在其后的定语从句中作主语，所以可以用关系代词who或that引导定语从句。故填who/that。 16．He was then working in an institute he met the girl he loved. 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：当时他就在一家研究所工作，在那里他遇到了他所爱的那个女孩。此处引导限定性定语从句，先行词是institute，关系词在从句中地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故填where。 17．There are some moments we need to make important decisions by ourselves. 【答案】when 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：有些时刻，我们需要自己做出重要的决定。空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词moments，从句缺时间状语，故用关系副词when引导。故填when。 18．In ancient times, pipa was a popular instrument among scholars and artists, from they drew abundant ideas for poems and music. 【答案】which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：在古代，琵琶是文人雅士间很受欢迎的乐器，他们从中为诗歌和音乐汲取了丰富的灵感。此处为“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句，先行词为instrument指物，介词后只能用关系代词which。故填which。 19．The emergency supplies, included medical kits, portable generators and instant food, were airlifted to the isolated town hit by the sudden blizzard within 24 hours. 【答案】which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这些应急物资包括医疗箱、便携式发电机和速食食品，在 24 小时内被空运到了突遭暴风雪袭击的偏远小镇。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词The emergency supplies，指物，关系词在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词which引导。故填which。 20．When I was in college, I met my future, Sichuan-born husband, interest was cooking meals. 【答案】whose 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我上大学时，遇到了我未来的丈夫，他出生在四川，他的兴趣是做饭。此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词husband指人，关系词在从句中作定语修饰interest，用关系代词whose。故填whose。 综合拓展练（测试时间：10分钟） 21．In 1969, NASA successfully assembled a crew of three astronauts for the Apollo 11 mission, one of became the first human to walk on the moon. 【答案】whom 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：1969年，美国国家航空航天局成功组建了一支由三名宇航员组成的机组，参与了阿波罗11号任务。其中一名宇航员成为了首位在月球上行走的人类。此处为介词+关系代词结构的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词three astronauts，作介词的宾语，指人，故填whom。 22．His work shows the principles of biomimicry (仿生学), natural patterns and systems, such as the shapes of plants and animals, inspire human-made designs. 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他的作品体现了仿生学原理—— 即自然界的形态与系统（如动植物的外形）能够启发人类进行设计创作。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是 biomimicry，指物，在从句中作抽象的地点状语，应用关系副词where引导从句。故填where。 23．The mountain, name means “flowers and fruit”, attracts millions of tourists every year thanks to its mythical character and beautiful scenery. 【答案】whose 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这座山，其名字意为“鲜花与果实”，因其神秘的传说色彩和迷人的景色，每年吸引着数以百万计的游客前来观光。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词mountain，关系词在从句作定语，故填whose。 24．Scientists are developing the only hardware imitates the human brain’s highly efficient way of processing information. 【答案】that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：科学家们正在开发唯一一种模仿人类大脑高效处理信息方式的硬件。先行词hardware被the only修饰，且在定语从句中作主语，关系代词应用that。故填that。 25．However, the number of locals object to tourists behaving badly is on the increase, and they’re voicing their concerns with authorities who are starting to take action. 【答案】who/that 【详解】考查定语从句关系词。句意：然而，反对游客行为失当的当地人数量正在增加，他们正向开始采取行动的当局表达担忧。此处引导定语从句，先行词是“locals”，指人，且关系词在从句中作主语，需用“who/that”引导。故填who/that。 26．With respect for heritage and a bold eye for innovation, Li is proving that traditional Chinese opera can be transformed into a dynamic stage timeless emotions are expressed in fresh ways. 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：李怀着对传统的尊重和对创新的大胆眼光，正在证明中国传统戏曲可以转变为一个充满活力的舞台，在这个舞台上，永恒的情感以全新的方式表达出来。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词stage，关系词在从句作地点状语，使用关系副词where引导从句。故填where。 27．“Both films are excellent. The former has grand special effects, while the latter excels in storytelling,” a movie-goer surname is Cao said. 【答案】whose 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：“这两部电影都很出色。前者胜在宏大的特效，后者则在叙事上更具优势。”一位曹姓观众如此评价。空处为定语从句的关系词；先行词“a movie-goer”和“surname”之间为所有关系，在定语从句中作定语，用关系代词“whose”引导。故填whose。 28．The project has reached a stage requires the most careful planning and coordination from every department. 【答案】which/that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：该项目已进入一个需要各部门进行最精心规划和协调的阶段。定语从句修饰先行词stage，在从句作主语，指物。故填which/that。 29．By understanding the history, types, and selection methods of down jackets, you can find the most suitable one for you will keep you warm and fashionable in the cold winter. 【答案】that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：通过了解羽绒服的历史、类型和选择方法，你可以找到最适合你的那一件，让你在寒冷的冬天既保暖又时尚。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词one，先行词被最高级修饰，关系词在从句中作主语，指物，应用关系代词that引导从句。故填that。 30．The following morning, the kitchen auntie discovered the plastic bag and posted in the community group, asking “Who did this?” I immediately admitted it was my fault and explained the reason I couldn’t bring myself to reach inside. 【答案】why 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：第二天早上，厨房阿姨发现了塑料袋，并在社区小组发帖，问“这是谁干的？”我立即承认这是我的错，并解释了我不敢伸手进去的原因。此处引导定语从句，先行词为the reason，关系词在定语从句中作原因状语，应用关系副词why。故填why。 6 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $