专题03 动词不定式（期中复习讲义）高一英语下学期沪外版

专题03动词不定式（期中复习讲义） 内 容 导 航 考情透视·目标导航 透析期中考向，锚定备考重心 知识梳理·方法技巧 梳理核心脉络，扫除知识盲区 知识点01 动词不定式作定语 知识点02 动词不定式作状语 知识点03 动词不定式作宾语补足语 典例引领·即时检测 精析典型例题，强化解题能力 考场练兵·分层实战 阶梯实战演练，验收复习成效 考情透视·目标导航 核心考点 复习目标 考情规律 动词不定式作定语 掌握单个不定式与不定式短语作定语的位置与用法；理解其与被修饰名词的逻辑关系（主谓 / 动宾）。 基础必考点。在语法填空中高频出现，常考查不定式与名词的逻辑关系及固定搭配。 动词不定式作状语 熟练运用不定式作目的、结果、原因、条件状语；掌握其与句子主语的逻辑关系。 高频重难点。是语法填空的重点，也是阅读理解中分析长难句的关键；常与状语从句的省略结合考查。 动词不定式作宾补 牢记常见动词（如 ask/want/tell/advise）后接不定式作宾补的用法；区分使役 / 感官动词后 to 的省略与还原。 高频易错点。学生在 “ask sb to do” 与 “make/let sb do” 结构上容易混淆，是写作提分的关键句型。 to do vs doing 辨析 区分接不定式与动名词的动词（如 remember/forget/regret/stop）；能根据语境选择正确形式。 基础必考点。常出现在语法填空中，考查学生对非谓语动词用法差异的理解。 知识梳理·方法技巧 知识点01 动词不定式作定语 不定式作定语放在被修饰的名词/代词后面，常表示“将来的动作”或与名词相关的动作，和被修饰词多为主谓关系或动宾关系。 具体用法 1. 主谓关系（名词是动作的发出者） 例：He is the best person to help you with your project. （他是帮你完成项目的最佳人选。） 2. 动宾关系（名词是动作的承受者，不及物动词需补介词） 例：I have a lot of homework to finish tonight. （我今晚有很多作业要完成。） 例：She needs a notebook to write down her ideas. （她需要一个笔记本写下自己的想法。） 3. 修饰抽象名词（chance, ability, way, plan等） 例：You will get a good chance to practice your spoken English. （你会得到练习英语口语的好机会。） 4. 修饰序数词/最高级后的名词 例：He was the first student to arrive at the classroom this morning. （他是今天早上第一个到教室的学生。） 知识点02动词不定式作状语 不定式作状语用来修饰动词或句子，最常考的是目的状语和结果状语，也可表原因、条件等。 具体用法 1. 目的状语（表“为了……”，可与in order to互换） 例：She gets up early every day to read English. （她每天早起读英语。） 例：To keep healthy, we should take exercise regularly. （为了保持健康，我们应该定期锻炼。） 2. 结果状语（表意外结果，常与only连用） 例：He hurried to the station, only to find the bus had left. （他匆忙赶到车站，结果却发现公交车已经开走了。） 3. 原因状语（修饰情绪类形容词，如happy, sorry, excited等） 例：I’m glad to hear that you passed the exam. （听到你通过了考试，我很高兴。） 例：She was sorry to miss the school meeting. （她很遗憾错过了学校的会议。） 知识点03动词不定式作宾语补足语 放在宾语后面补充说明宾语的动作或状态，结构为：主语 + 动词 + 宾语 + to do。 具体用法 1. 常带to的动词（ask, tell, want, encourage等） 例：The teacher asked us to hand in our homework on time. （老师要求我们按时交作业。） 例：My parents encourage me to join the English club. （我的父母鼓励我加入英语俱乐部。） 2. 不带to的动词（使役/感官动词，主动语态省略to） 例：The boss made him work for 10 hours a day. （老板让他每天工作10个小时。） 例：I saw her enter the library just now. （我刚才看见她进了图书馆。） 注意：被动语态中要还原to：He was made to work for 10 hours a day. 3. 否定形式（not to do） 例：The doctor told him not to eat too much junk food. （医生告诉他不要吃太多垃圾食品。） 典例引领·即时检测 典例01 动词不定式作定语 She is the first student ______ (finish) the difficult task ahead of time. 【答案】to finish 【详解】考查非谓语动词作定语。句意：她是第一个提前完成这项艰巨任务的学生。空格处需用非谓语动词修饰名词短语the first student，不定式作定语常修饰序数词、最高级限定的名词，表示“将要发生的动作”，故填to finish。 易｜错｜点｜拨 易错点：误填finishing 原因：混淆了不定式与现在分词作定语的用法。序数词（the first/last）后习惯用不定式作后置定语，表示“第几个做某事的人”，而finishing作定语时多表主动或正在进行的状态，不符合此处语境。 解｜题｜技｜巧 “不定式作定语”判断要点： 1. 常见修饰对象：序数词/最高级后的名词、抽象名词（chance/way/ability）、不定代词（something/nothing）。 2. 逻辑关系判断：- 若名词是不定式动作的发出者/承受者，用不定式； - 若表“正在进行/主动”，才用现在分词。 即时检测 1. The best way ______ (improve) your writing skills is to keep a daily journal in English. 【答案】to improve 【详解】考查非谓语动词作定语。句意：提升写作能力的最佳方法是坚持写英语日记。句中已有谓语is，way后接不定式作后置定语，表示“做某事的方法”，故填to improve。 2. She is the only student ______ (win) the national English speech competition in our school. 【答案】to win 【详解】考查非谓语动词作定语。句意：她是我校唯一一位获得全国英语演讲比赛奖项的学生。句中已有谓语is，only修饰的名词后常用不定式作后置定语，表示特定动作，故填to win。 3. Volunteers have an opportunity ______ (work) with professional photographers during the event. 【答案】to work 【详解】考查非谓语动词作定语。句意：志愿者们有机会在活动期间与专业摄影师合作。句中已有谓语have，抽象名词opportunity后接不定式作后置定语，表示“做某事的机会”，故填to work。 4. The government announced a plan ______ (build) more affordable housing for low-income families. 【答案】to build 【详解】考查非谓语动词作定语。句意：政府宣布了一项为低收入家庭建设更多保障性住房的计划。句中已有谓语announced，名词plan后接不定式作后置定语，表示计划的具体内容，故填to build。 5. There is still a long way ______ (go) before we fully achieve environmental protection goals. 【答案】to go 【详解】考查非谓语动词作定语。句意：在我们完全实现环保目标之前，还有很长的路要走。句中已有谓语is，固定表达a long way to go中不定式作后置定语，表示“有待完成的路程/任务”，故填to go。 典例02动词不定式作状语 ______ (improve) his spoken English, he practices reading aloud every morning. 【答案】To improve 【详解】考查非谓语动词作状语。句意：为了提升英语口语，他每天早上练习大声朗读。空格处的非谓语动词在句中作目的状语，表示主句动作的目的，此时习惯用动词不定式，句首需大写首字母，故填To improve。 易｜错｜点｜拨 易错点：误填Improving 原因：混淆了不定式与现在分词作状语的功能。不定式专门表“目的”，而现在分词作状语多表伴随、原因或结果。此处“提升口语”是“练习朗读”的目的，故用不定式To improve。 对比：Walking to school, he met his old friend.（现在分词作伴随状语，he与walk是主动关系） 解｜题｜技｜巧 “不定式作状语”判断要点： 1. 目的状语标志：可替换为in order to/so as to，位于句首或句中； 2. 逻辑关系判断：- 表目的/将来 → 用to do； - 表伴随/主动/正在进行 → 用doing； - 表被动/完成 → 用done。 即时检测 1. ______ (achieve) a balance between study and rest, many students have started using time management apps. 【答案】To achieve 【详解】考查非谓语动词作状语。句意：为了实现学习与休息的平衡，许多学生开始使用时间管理应用。句中已有谓语have started，不定式置于句首作目的状语，表示主句动作的目的，首字母需大写，故填To achieve。 2. He rushed to the airport, only ______ (find) that his flight had been cancelled due to bad weather. 【答案】to find 【详解】考查非谓语动词作状语。句意：他匆忙赶到机场，却发现航班因恶劣天气被取消了。句中已有谓语rushed，“only + 不定式”结构作结果状语，表示出乎意料的结果，故填to find。 3. The team worked day and night ______ (complete) the project ahead of the deadline. 【答案】to complete 【详解】考查非谓语动词作状语。句意：团队日夜工作，为了在截止日期前完成项目。句中已有谓语worked，不定式作目的状语，表示“为了完成”，故填to complete。 4. She felt relieved ______ (learn) that her application to the university had been accepted. 【答案】to learn 【详解】考查非谓语动词作状语。句意：得知她的大学申请被接受，她松了一口气。句中已有谓语felt，不定式作原因状语，修饰形容词relieved，表示“因……而感到欣慰”，故填to learn。 5. ______ (make) the presentation more engaging, the speaker used interactive quizzes and videos. 【答案】To make 【详解】考查非谓语动词作状语。句意：为了让演讲更具吸引力，演讲者使用了互动问答和视频。句中已有谓语used，不定式置于句首作目的状语，表示主句动作的目的，首字母需大写，故填To make。 典例03动词不定式作宾语补足语 The teacher asked us ______ (hand) in our homework before class. 【答案】to hand 【详解】考查非谓语动词作宾语补足语。句意：老师要求我们课前交作业。句子结构为“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”，动词ask后习惯接不定式作宾补，构成固定搭配ask sb. to do sth.，表示“要求某人做某事”，故填to hand。 易｜错｜点｜拨 易错点：误填handing 原因：混淆了不定式与现在分词作宾补的用法。不定式作宾补表“将要发生的动作”，现在分词作宾补表“正在进行的动作”，此处“交作业”是课前要完成的动作，故用to hand。 解｜题｜技｜巧 “不定式作宾补”判断要点： 1. 固定搭配优先：牢记常接to do作宾补的动词（ask/tell/advise/encourage/warn等）； 2. 区分省略to的情况：使役/感官动词主动语态省to，被动语态必须还原to； 3. 否定形式：在to前直接加not，如ask sb. not to do sth. 即时检测 1. The teacher encouraged every student ______ (participate) in the after-school science club. 【答案】to participate 【详解】考查非谓语动词作宾补。句意：老师鼓励每位学生参加课后科学社团。句中已有谓语encouraged，固定搭配encourage sb. to do sth. 中不定式作宾语补足语，故填to participate。 2. Parents often remind their children ______ (wear) seat belts while travelling in the car. 【答案】to wear 【详解】考查非谓语动词作宾补。句意：父母经常提醒孩子乘车时系好安全带。句中已有谓语remind，固定搭配remind sb. to do sth. 中不定式作宾语补足语，故填to wear。 3. The company required all employees ______ (attend) a safety training session next week. 【答案】to attend 【详解】考查非谓语动词作宾补。句意：公司要求所有员工下周参加安全培训课程。句中已有谓语required，固定搭配require sb. to do sth. 中不定式作宾语补足语，故填to attend。 4. The coach advised the players ______ (avoid) eating heavy meals before the match. 【答案】to avoid 【详解】考查非谓语动词作宾补。句意：教练建议队员们比赛前避免吃油腻的食物。句中已有谓语advised，固定搭配advise sb. to do sth. 中不定式作宾语补足语，故填to avoid。 5. The sign warned visitors ______ (not touch) the ancient artifacts in the museum. 【答案】not to touch 【详解】考查非谓语动词作宾补。句意：标识提醒游客不要触摸博物馆内的文物。句中已有谓语warned，固定搭配warn sb. not to do sth. 中不定式的否定形式作宾语补足语，故填not to touch。 考场练兵·分层实战 基础通关练（测试时间：12分钟） 1．The police divers worked hard (rescue) the trapped driver from the river. 【答案】to rescue 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：警方潜水员努力工作，以便将被困司机从河中救出。句中已有谓语动词worked，空处用非谓语，此处表目的，应用不定式。故填to rescue。 2．The nature reserve was set up (protect) the endangered birds. 【答案】to protect 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：建立自然保护区是为了保护濒危鸟类。句中已有谓语动词was set up，空处应用非谓语动词，结合语境可知，此处表目的，应用不定式。故填to protect。 3．He hurried to the airport, only (find) the star had left. 【答案】to find 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他匆忙赶到机场，结果却发现那位明星已经离开了。hurried在句中作谓语，find为非谓语动词，在句中作结果状语，并且结果与预期相反，用动词不定式，only to do sth.表示出乎预料的结果。故填to find。 4．The boy was very pleased (see) his parents. 【答案】to see 【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：这个男孩见到他的父母非常高兴。be pleased是一个表示情绪的形容词短语，后面通常接不定式to do sth.来补充说明“高兴”的原因或具体内容，be pleased to do sth.意思是“很高兴做某事”。故填to see。 5．He reminded me to (turn) off the lights before leaving the classroom. 【答案】turn 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他提醒我离开教室前关灯。remind sb. to do sth.“提醒某人做某事”是固定搭配，不定式作宾补。故填turn。 6．Her success story inspired many young people (start) their own online businesses. 【答案】to start 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：她的成功故事激励了许多年轻人开始自己的网上业务。inspire sb. to do sth.是固定短语，意为“激励某人做某事”，所以此处应用动词不定式to start作宾语补足语。故填to start。 7．Listening to music enables us (feel) relaxed. 【答案】to feel 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：听音乐能让我们感到放松。分析句子结构可知，这里考查enable sb. to do sth.，为固定短语，意为“使某人能够做某事”，此处应用不定式to feel，在句中作宾语补足语，符合语境。故填to feel。 8．He was the only one (survive) the shipwreck. 【答案】to survive 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他是这次海难中唯一幸存下来的人。本句谓语为was，此处为非谓语动词，作后置定语修饰the only one，当名词被the only修饰时，常用不定式作定语， 本空用不定式to survive。故填to survive。 9．This is the problem (discuss) at the meeting tomorrow. 【答案】to be discussed 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这就是明天会议上要讨论的问题。此处为非谓语动词作定语，与problem之间为被动关系，根据“tomorrow”可知，此处表示将要发生的动作，所以使用动词不定式作后置定语。故填to be discussed。 10．With so many problems (solve), the new government faces great challenges. 【答案】to solve 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：面对如此多需要解决的问题，新政府面临巨大的挑战。本句为with的复合结构，表示动作还未发生，用不定式做宾语补足语。故填to solve。 重难突破练（测试时间：20分钟） 11．Furthermore, the local authorities began to use the media (spread) environmental awareness and encourage greater use of clean energy. 【答案】to spread 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：此外，地方当局开始利用媒体来传播环保意识，并鼓励更多地使用清洁能源。use..to do...“用……来做某事”是固定搭配，不定式作目的状语。故填to spread。 12．She has been training hard   (compete) in the upcoming marathon. 【答案】to compete 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：她一直在刻苦训练，准备参加即将到来的马拉松比赛。空格处作目的状语，应该用不定式形式to compete。故填to compete。 13．Many young people in the 19th century left their hometowns (seek) their fortunes in the gold mines. 【答案】to seek 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：19世纪，许多年轻人离开家乡，前往金矿寻求财富。句子已有谓语动词left，此处需用非谓语动词；离开家乡的目的是去金矿寻求财富，因此用不定式to seek作目的状语，故填to seek。 14．The rope was plenty long enough (reach) the ground. 【答案】to reach 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这根绳子足够长，能够垂到地面。“be+形容词+enough to do”是固定结构，意为“足够……去做某事”，其中不定式作结果状语，因此用reach“够得到”的不定式形式。故填to reach。 15．Sophia is eager (learn) the local language during her trips overseas. 【答案】to learn 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：索菲亚渴望在海外旅行期间学习当地语言。be eager to do sth.是固定短语，意为“渴望做某事”，其中to do是不定式作原因状语。故填to learn。 16．I am ashamed (say) that I lied to my mother. 【答案】to say 【详解】考查不定式。句意：我真不好意思承认，我曾经对母亲撒了谎。由句意及空前的I am ashamed可知应填不定式，be ashamed to do...意为“感到羞耻或不好意思去做某事”，不定式作原因状语。故填to say。 17．She told me not (buy) any toys. She has too many baby toys. 【答案】to buy 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：她告诉我不要买任何玩具。她的婴儿玩具已经太多了。此处为动词不定式作宾语补足语，构成固定搭配tell sb. not to do sth.，意为“告诉某人不要做某事”。故填to buy。 18．The app can help users (identity) potential risks in their daily life. 【答案】identify 【详解】考查动词。句意：这款应用可以帮助用户识别日常生活中的潜在风险。help sb. do sth.“帮助某人做某事”是固定搭配，省略to的不定式作宾补，因此空处应填提示词的动词形式identify“识别”。故填identify。 19．This summer camp provides a great opportunity (learn) about traditional Chinese music.   【答案】to learn 【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：这个夏令营提供了一个学习中国传统音乐的好机会。opportunity to do sth.是固定用法，意为“做某事的机会”，动词不定式作后置定语。故填to learn。 20．It is our responsibility to seize every opportunity (educate) everyone about global warming, along with its causes and impacts. 【答案】to educate 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们有责任抓住每一个机会，教育每个人了解全球变暖及其原因和影响。opportunity to do sth.是固定搭配，意为“做某事的机会”，此处应用不定式to educate，作定语。故填to educate。 综合拓展练（测试时间：10分钟） 21． (show) our great concern about the disabled, the Student’s English club will organize an activity with the theme “What can we do for the disabled”. 【答案】To show 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了表达我们对残疾人的极大关心，学生英语俱乐部将组织一次以“我们能为残疾人做些什么”为主题的活动。本句谓语为will organize，此处为非谓语动词，表目的，用show“表达”的不定式形式，作目的状语，句首单词首字母大写。故填To show。 22．This report looks at the problem of water pollution and some actions that have been taken (deal) with it. 【答案】to deal 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这份报告探讨了水污染问题以及为解决该问题已经采取的一些措施。“that have been taken...”是定语从句，修饰先行词some action，从句中已有谓语动词have been taken，空处应用非谓语动词，表目的，应用不定式。故填to deal。 23．In 2016, (help) the homeless in winter, she requested sock donations when knowing socks are among the most needed items. 【答案】to help 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：2016年，为了在冬季帮助那些无家可归的人，她得知袜子是需求量最大的物品之一后，便呼吁大家捐赠袜子。此处help作目的状语，用不定式。故填to help。 24．The essence of learning is extreme repetition and persistence until you become experienced through practice, skilled enough (apply) what you gain and eventually form muscle memory. 【答案】to apply 【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：学习的本质是不断地重复和坚持，直到你通过实践变得经验丰富，技能足够熟练去应用所学，最终形成肌肉记忆。设空处位于“skilled enough”之后，应用动词不定式作结果状语，表示“熟练到足以去应用”。故填to apply。 25．An insurance salesman who is about to reach his annual sales target, only for the company (make) the target higher, could rightly complain about the company moving the goal posts. 【答案】to make 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：一个保险推销员即将达到年度销售目标，结果公司却提高了目标，他完全有理由抱怨公司改变了规则。“only for sb./sth. to do sth.”是一个固定结构，意为“结果却……，不料却……”，表示出乎意料的结果，其中不定式作结果状语。故填to make。 26．While many Brits like nothing better than spending their Sunday cutting the grass, some are happy just (sit) under the branches of the trees and enjoy the beauty of the world around them. 【答案】to sit 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：虽然许多英国人最喜欢在周日割草，但也有一些人喜欢坐在树枝下，欣赏周围世界的美丽。be happy to do sth.是固定短语，意为“乐意做某事，高兴做某事”，本空用不定式作原因状语。故填to sit。 27．When people produce huge amounts of extra greenhouse gases by burning fossil fuels, more heat energy is trapped in the atmosphere and causes Earth’s surface temperature (rise) quickly. 【答案】to rise 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：当人们通过燃烧化石燃料产生大量额外的温室气体时，更多的热能被困在大气层中，导致地球表面温度快速上升。此处为固定搭配cause sb./sth. to do sth.，意为“导致某人/某物做某事”，所以使用动词不定式形式作宾补。故填to rise。 28．Jim dreams of becoming a famous artist. However, an illness in the family forces Jim (give) up everything he worked so hard for. 【答案】to give 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：吉姆一直梦想成为一名著名的艺术家。然而，家庭中的疾病迫使吉姆不得不放弃他一直为之努力奋斗的一切。根据空格前的动词forces可知，此处考查固定搭配force somebody to do something“强迫某人做某事”，所以空格处用不定式形式to give作宾语补足语。故填to give。 29．It takes sunscreen about fifteen minutes to start working, and that's plenty of time for your skin (absorb) a day's worth of vitamin D． 【答案】to absorb 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：防晒霜大约需要15分钟才能开始起效，这段时间足够你的皮肤吸收一天所需的维生素D，此处为“time for + 名词 + 不定式”的结构，在句中作后置定语，名词time与absorb之间为逻辑上的主动关系，所以用不定式形式，故填to absorb。 30．If successful, Wen Xu, 32, will be the first person (cross) Antarctica alone from the shore of Berkner Island, according to the event organizer. 【答案】to cross 【详解】考查不定式。句意：据活动组织者介绍，32 岁的文旭若能成功完成此次任务，将成为首位独自从伯克纳岛海岸穿越南极洲的人。person前有序数词the first修饰，空格处用不定式作后置定语，故填to cross。 6 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题03动词不定式（期中复习讲义） 内 容 导 航 考情透视·目标导航 透析期中考向，锚定备考重心 知识梳理·方法技巧 梳理核心脉络，扫除知识盲区 知识点01 动词不定式作定语 知识点02 动词不定式作状语 知识点03 动词不定式作宾语补足语 典例引领·即时检测 精析典型例题，强化解题能力 考场练兵·分层实战 阶梯实战演练，验收复习成效 考情透视·目标导航 核心考点 复习目标 考情规律 动词不定式作定语 掌握单个不定式与不定式短语作定语的位置与用法；理解其与被修饰名词的逻辑关系（主谓 / 动宾）。 基础必考点。在语法填空中高频出现，常考查不定式与名词的逻辑关系及固定搭配。 动词不定式作状语 熟练运用不定式作目的、结果、原因、条件状语；掌握其与句子主语的逻辑关系。 高频重难点。是语法填空的重点，也是阅读理解中分析长难句的关键；常与状语从句的省略结合考查。 动词不定式作宾补 牢记常见动词（如 ask/want/tell/advise）后接不定式作宾补的用法；区分使役 / 感官动词后 to 的省略与还原。 高频易错点。学生在 “ask sb to do” 与 “make/let sb do” 结构上容易混淆，是写作提分的关键句型。 to do vs doing 辨析 区分接不定式与动名词的动词（如 remember/forget/regret/stop）；能根据语境选择正确形式。 基础必考点。常出现在语法填空中，考查学生对非谓语动词用法差异的理解。 知识梳理·方法技巧 知识点01 动词不定式作定语 不定式作定语放在被修饰的名词/代词后面，常表示“将来的动作”或与名词相关的动作，和被修饰词多为主谓关系或动宾关系。 具体用法 1. 主谓关系（名词是动作的发出者） 例：He is the best person to help you with your project. （他是帮你完成项目的最佳人选。） 2. 动宾关系（名词是动作的承受者，不及物动词需补介词） 例：I have a lot of homework to finish tonight. （我今晚有很多作业要完成。） 例：She needs a notebook to write down her ideas. （她需要一个笔记本写下自己的想法。） 3. 修饰抽象名词（chance, ability, way, plan等） 例：You will get a good chance to practice your spoken English. （你会得到练习英语口语的好机会。） 4. 修饰序数词/最高级后的名词 例：He was the first student to arrive at the classroom this morning. （他是今天早上第一个到教室的学生。） 知识点02动词不定式作状语 不定式作状语用来修饰动词或句子，最常考的是目的状语和结果状语，也可表原因、条件等。 具体用法 1. 目的状语（表“为了……”，可与in order to互换） 例：She gets up early every day to read English. （她每天早起读英语。） 例：To keep healthy, we should take exercise regularly. （为了保持健康，我们应该定期锻炼。） 2. 结果状语（表意外结果，常与only连用） 例：He hurried to the station, only to find the bus had left. （他匆忙赶到车站，结果却发现公交车已经开走了。） 3. 原因状语（修饰情绪类形容词，如happy, sorry, excited等） 例：I’m glad to hear that you passed the exam. （听到你通过了考试，我很高兴。） 例：She was sorry to miss the school meeting. （她很遗憾错过了学校的会议。） 知识点03动词不定式作宾语补足语 放在宾语后面补充说明宾语的动作或状态，结构为：主语 + 动词 + 宾语 + to do。 具体用法 1. 常带to的动词（ask, tell, want, encourage等） 例：The teacher asked us to hand in our homework on time. （老师要求我们按时交作业。） 例：My parents encourage me to join the English club. （我的父母鼓励我加入英语俱乐部。） 2. 不带to的动词（使役/感官动词，主动语态省略to） 例：The boss made him work for 10 hours a day. （老板让他每天工作10个小时。） 例：I saw her enter the library just now. （我刚才看见她进了图书馆。） 注意：被动语态中要还原to：He was made to work for 10 hours a day. 3. 否定形式（not to do） 例：The doctor told him not to eat too much junk food. （医生告诉他不要吃太多垃圾食品。） 典例引领·即时检测 典例01 动词不定式作定语 She is the first student ______ (finish) the difficult task ahead of time. 易｜错｜点｜拨 易错点：误填finishing 原因：混淆了不定式与现在分词作定语的用法。序数词（the first/last）后习惯用不定式作后置定语，表示“第几个做某事的人”，而finishing作定语时多表主动或正在进行的状态，不符合此处语境。 解｜题｜技｜巧 “不定式作定语”判断要点： 1. 常见修饰对象：序数词/最高级后的名词、抽象名词（chance/way/ability）、不定代词（something/nothing）。 2. 逻辑关系判断：- 若名词是不定式动作的发出者/承受者，用不定式； - 若表“正在进行/主动”，才用现在分词。 即时检测 1. The best way ______ (improve) your writing skills is to keep a daily journal in English. 2. She is the only student ______ (win) the national English speech competition in our school. 3. Volunteers have an opportunity ______ (work) with professional photographers during the event. 4. The government announced a plan ______ (build) more affordable housing for low-income families. 5. There is still a long way ______ (go) before we fully achieve environmental protection goals. 典例02动词不定式作状语 ______ (improve) his spoken English, he practices reading aloud every morning. 易｜错｜点｜拨 易错点：误填Improving 原因：混淆了不定式与现在分词作状语的功能。不定式专门表“目的”，而现在分词作状语多表伴随、原因或结果。此处“提升口语”是“练习朗读”的目的，故用不定式To improve。 对比：Walking to school, he met his old friend.（现在分词作伴随状语，he与walk是主动关系） 解｜题｜技｜巧 “不定式作状语”判断要点： 1. 目的状语标志：可替换为in order to/so as to，位于句首或句中； 2. 逻辑关系判断：- 表目的/将来 → 用to do； - 表伴随/主动/正在进行 → 用doing； - 表被动/完成 → 用done。 即时检测 1. ______ (achieve) a balance between study and rest, many students have started using time management apps. 2. He rushed to the airport, only ______ (find) that his flight had been cancelled due to bad weather. 3. The team worked day and night ______ (complete) the project ahead of the deadline. 4. She felt relieved ______ (learn) that her application to the university had been accepted. 5. ______ (make) the presentation more engaging, the speaker used interactive quizzes and videos. 典例03动词不定式作宾语补足语 The teacher asked us ______ (hand) in our homework before class. 易｜错｜点｜拨 易错点：误填handing 原因：混淆了不定式与现在分词作宾补的用法。不定式作宾补表“将要发生的动作”，现在分词作宾补表“正在进行的动作”，此处“交作业”是课前要完成的动作，故用to hand。 解｜题｜技｜巧 “不定式作宾补”判断要点： 1. 固定搭配优先：牢记常接to do作宾补的动词（ask/tell/advise/encourage/warn等）； 2. 区分省略to的情况：使役/感官动词主动语态省to，被动语态必须还原to； 3. 否定形式：在to前直接加not，如ask sb. not to do sth. 即时检测 1. The teacher encouraged every student ______ (participate) in the after-school science club. 2. Parents often remind their children ______ (wear) seat belts while travelling in the car. 3. The company required all employees ______ (attend) a safety training session next week. 4. The coach advised the players ______ (avoid) eating heavy meals before the match. 5. The sign warned visitors ______ (not touch) the ancient artifacts in the museum. 考场练兵·分层实战 基础通关练（测试时间：12分钟） 1．The police divers worked hard (rescue) the trapped driver from the river. 2．The nature reserve was set up (protect) the endangered birds. 3．He hurried to the airport, only (find) the star had left. 4．The boy was very pleased (see) his parents. 5．He reminded me to (turn) off the lights before leaving the classroom. 6．Her success story inspired many young people (start) their own online businesses. 7．Listening to music enables us (feel) relaxed. 8．He was the only one (survive) the shipwreck. 9．This is the problem (discuss) at the meeting tomorrow. 10．With so many problems (solve), the new government faces great challenges. 重难突破练（测试时间：20分钟） 11．Furthermore, the local authorities began to use the media (spread) environmental awareness and encourage greater use of clean energy. 12．She has been training hard   (compete) in the upcoming marathon. 13．Many young people in the 19th century left their hometowns (seek) their fortunes in the gold mines. 14．The rope was plenty long enough (reach) the ground. 15．Sophia is eager (learn) the local language during her trips overseas. 16．I am ashamed (say) that I lied to my mother. 17．She told me not (buy) any toys. She has too many baby toys. 18．The app can help users (identity) potential risks in their daily life. 19．This summer camp provides a great opportunity (learn) about traditional Chinese music.   20．It is our responsibility to seize every opportunity (educate) everyone about global warming, along with its causes and impacts. 综合拓展练（测试时间：10分钟） 21． (show) our great concern about the disabled, the Student’s English club will organize an activity with the theme “What can we do for the disabled”. 22．This report looks at the problem of water pollution and some actions that have been taken (deal) with it. 23．In 2016, (help) the homeless in winter, she requested sock donations when knowing socks are among the most needed items. 24．The essence of learning is extreme repetition and persistence until you become experienced through practice, skilled enough (apply) what you gain and eventually form muscle memory. 25．An insurance salesman who is about to reach his annual sales target, only for the company (make) the target higher, could rightly complain about the company moving the goal posts. 26．While many Brits like nothing better than spending their Sunday cutting the grass, some are happy just (sit) under the branches of the trees and enjoy the beauty of the world around them. 27．When people produce huge amounts of extra greenhouse gases by burning fossil fuels, more heat energy is trapped in the atmosphere and causes Earth’s surface temperature (rise) quickly. 28．Jim dreams of becoming a famous artist. However, an illness in the family forces Jim (give) up everything he worked so hard for. 29．It takes sunscreen about fifteen minutes to start working, and that's plenty of time for your skin (absorb) a day's worth of vitamin D． 30．If successful, Wen Xu, 32, will be the first person (cross) Antarctica alone from the shore of Berkner Island, according to the event organizer. 6 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $