内容正文:
专题01“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
(期中复习讲义)
内 容 导 航
考情透视·目标导航 透析期中考向,锚定备考重心
知识梳理·方法技巧 梳理核心脉络,扫除知识盲区
知识点01关系代词的确定 知识点02介词的选取 知识点03 "介词+关系代词"的特殊用法
典例引领·即时检测 精析典型例题,强化解题能力
考场练兵·分层实战 阶梯实战演练,验收复习成效
考情透视·目标导航
“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
知识梳理·方法技巧
知识点01关系代词的确定
“介词+关系代词”既可以引导限制性定语从句,也可以引导非限制性定语从句。在此结构中,先行词指人时关系代词用whom,不可以用who或that;先行词指物时关系代词用which,不能用that。但如果介词后置,则不受这种限制,限制性定语从句中的关系代词还可以省去,尤其在口语中。
Do you know the girl to whom our teacher is talking? = Do you know the girl (that/ who/whom) our teacher is talking to? 你认识正和我们老师谈话的那个女孩吗?
The school in which my friend once studied is very famous. = The school(that/which) my friend once studied in is very famous.我的朋友曾经就读的那所学校很有名。
知识点02介词的选取
“介词+关系代词”结构中介词的选用或根据上下文要表达的具体意思,或根据先行词的习惯搭配,或根据定语从句中某些单词或短语的习惯搭配而定。具体用法如下:
1.根据上下文要表达的具体意思来确定介词。有些句子的先行词完全一样,这时,需要根据句子所要表达的意思选用不同的介词。
This is the pilot with whom my brother has worked for ten years. (相当于 My brother has worked with the pilot for ten years.)这就是和我弟弟一起工作了十年的那位飞行员。
This is the pilot by whom my son was saved. (相当于My son was saved by the pilot.)这就是救了我儿子的那位飞行员。
2.根据定语从句修饰的先行词的习惯搭配来确定介词。
Do you still remember the day on which we met for the first time?你还记得我们第一次见面的那一天吗?(on the day)
3.根据定语从句中某些词或短语的习惯搭配来确定介词。有时候,这个介词可能就是作定语从句谓语的短语动词中的一个固定介词,如choose from 中的from等。
Is this the car for which you paid a high price?这就是你花高价买的那辆汽车吗?(pay for)
This is the computer on which I spent 3,000yuan.这就是我花3000元买的电脑。(spend money on sth.)
The two things about/ of which he was not sure were the grammar and some of the idioms.他不确定的两项是语法和一些习语。(be sure about/of)
知识点03“介词+关系代词”的特殊用法
1.有些固定的短语动词在定语从句中作谓语动词时,该短语动词中的介词一般不提至关系代词前,常见的此类短语动词有care for, deal with, get through, hear from, depend on, listen to, look after, look at, look for, send for, see to, pay attention to, take care of等。
这就是我正在寻找的手表。
【误】 This is the watch for which I am looking.
[正]This is the watch which/ that I am looking for.
2.介词in,on,at,for等与关系代词which一起引导定语从句时,有时可用相应的关系副词when,where,why 等替换。
The reason for which(=why) he refused the invitation is not clear.他拒绝这个邀请的理由还不清楚。
Great changes have taken place in the city in which (= where) I was born.我出生的那个城市已经发生了巨大的变化。
3.the way后接定语从句时关系词的选择
the way(方式,方法)作先行词,后接定语从句时,若关系词在从句中作状语,则用in which或that,关系词也可省略;若关系词在从句中作宾语、主语等,关系词用which/that,且关系词在从句中作宾语时也可省略。
The way (that/in which) he treats children is very good.他对待孩子们的方式非常好。
The way (which/that) you told me yesterday doesn't work.你昨天告诉我的方法不管用。
典例引领·即时检测
典例01
1.(北京市延庆区2024-2025高一下学期期中)The teacher about _______ we talked just now is from England.
【答案】whom
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:我们刚才谈到的那位老师是英国人。空处和空前的about搭配,形成“介词+关系代词”的结构,引导限制性定语从句,修饰先行词The teacher,先行词指人,作介词about的宾语,因此用关系代词whom。故填whom。
2.(北京市延庆区2024-2025高一下学期期中) The Bermuda Triangle is an area in the Atlantic Ocean in ________ hundreds of boats and planes have strangely disappeared.
【答案】which
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:百慕大三角是大西洋上的一个地区,数百艘船只和飞机奇怪地消失了。分析句子,设空处与in构成介词+关系代词的结构引导定语从句,引导词在从句中作宾语,修饰先行词area,表示在“这个地区中”。故填which。
即时检测
1.(天津3月高考单项填空改编)William Hastie once suggested that history informs us of past mistakes from_______we can learn without repeating them.
【答案】which
【解析】分析句子结构可知,learn from ______, 空处指代先行词past mistakes,指物,前有介词,故填which。
2. The man with ______ you shook hands just now is my uncle.
【答案】whom
【解析】分析句子结构可知,with______ you shook hands是定语从句修饰先行词man,shake hands with sb.和某人握手, 介词放在了空格前,先行词为人,故只能填whom。故填whom。
易|错|点|拨
定语从句中介词后的which和whom核心区别在于先行词是人还是物,是人,介词后用whom, 先行词是物,则介词后用which。
“which”
“whom”
先行词
是物
是人
典例02
答|题|模|板
(北京市延庆区2024-2025高一下学期期中)Is there a shop nearby _______ I can buy some sweets?
【答案】where
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:附近有没有一家我可以买糖果的商店?分析句子结构可知,空格处引导定语从句,先行词为shop,在从句中作地点状语,即“在这家商店里我可以买糖果”,所以应用关系副词where引导该从句。故填where。
即时检测
1.(2022·全国甲卷阅读理解改编)This special building is a place in ________theatre is made and where children, artists, writers and anyone else have the opportunity (机会)to do creative things.
【答案】which
【解析】分析句子结构可知,句中先行词为a place,关系词在从句中作地点状语,故应用关系副词where 或in which。空前已有in,故应填which。
2.He likes his teaching job ______ he gets a lot of joy and happiness so he thinks it is rewarding.
【答案】where
【解析】分析句子结构可知,句中先行词为job,关系词在从句中作地点状语,故应用关系副词where,故应填where。
易|错|点|拨
定语从句中的which和where核心区别在于在定语从句中的作用。从句缺主 / 宾 → 用 which,从句主谓宾完整,只缺地点 → 用 where
“which”
“where”
所起作用
在从句里作主语 / 宾语
在从句里作地点状语
修饰名词
可以是地点名词,也可以是其他物质名词
多数是地点名词,也有表示范围或者领域的物质名词
典例03
答|题|模|板
(北京市延庆区2024-2025高一下学期期中) _______ makes it striking is the expression of fear.
【答案】What
【解析】考查主语从句。句意:让它引人注目的是恐惧的表达。空处引导名词性从句作主语,主语从句缺少主语,结合“the expression of fear”可知,主语指物,应用连接代词what作引导词,句首单词的首字母需大写。故填What。
即时检测
1. (北京大学附属中学2025-2026高一12月份月考)Big Ben, the famous clock ___15___ can be heard all over the world on the B. B. C.
【答案】that/which
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:当你游览伦敦时,最先看到的事物之一就是大本钟——这座著名的时钟,英国广播公司的听众都能听到它的钟声。限制性定语从句修饰先行词the famous clock,关系词在从句中作主语,指物,可用that或which。故填that/which。
2. (北京大学附属中学2025-2026高一12月份月考)To see ____20____ the difference is, we have to look at a few key elements of environmental impact: water usage, land usage, and carbon emissions.
【答案】what/where
【解析】考查宾语从句。句意:要弄清楚二者的差异究竟是什么/体现在哪里,我们必须关注衡量环境影响的几个关键要素:耗水量、土地使用量和碳排放。此空引导名词性从句作see的宾语,表“差异是什么”用what作表语,或者表“差异在哪里”用where。故填what/where。
易|错|点|拨
1. “定语从句” vs. “名词性从句”
核心区别在于作的成分:是作定语还是作名词作主语、宾语、表语、同位语
对比维度
定语从句
名词性从句
成分
修饰名词,作定语。
作名词用,作主语、宾语或者表语
有无先行词
一定有先行词(名词/代词)
没有先行词
引导词
先行词是人: who, whom, that
先行词是物: which, that
先行词是地点或者范围:where
先行词是时间:when
先行词是reason:why
who, what, which, how, when, where, why, whether, if, that
引导词所起作用
1.代表先行词
2. 连接定语从句与先行词
3. 在定语从句中作成分,但是没有自己原来的意义,表示的是先行词的意义。比如:which不表示哪个,而表示的是先行词的具体意义。
1.连接主句和从句
2.that 在从句中不作成分,无意义,whether/if在从句中不做成份,表示“是否”,其他在句中作不同成分,并且有自己的意义,比如which表示“哪个”
What
不可以用
可以用
2. “定语从句” vs. “同位语从句”
两者前边都有名词时用that时的差别
核心区别在于:连接词在定语从句中起作用还是不起作用,是不仅有连接作用还代替先行词,还是只是连接作用?
对比维度
定语从句(that)
同位语从句(that)
连词作用
连接从句与所修饰名词
连接从句与主句
指代意义
代替先行词在定语从句中作主语、宾语或者表语
不能指代前面的名词,在从句中也没有位置
实际意义
可以翻译成先行词的意义
没有意义
前面名词
任何名词都可以
前面多是抽象名词→fact/news/idea /hope/suggestion /truth/promise
翻译方法
….的
就是
解|题|技|巧
一、“定语从句” vs. “名词性从句”?
黄金判断法则:
1.看前面有没有名词:有,且从句修饰它 → 定语从句;没有,从句本身当名词用 → 名词性从句。
2.看引导词:出现 what → 一定是名词性从句
I like the movie that you recommended. 定语从句(that 指代 movie,作 recommended 的宾语)
I think that you are right. 宾语从句(名词性)(that 只连接,不作成分)
What he said is true. 主语从句(名词性)(What he said 整个作主语)
二、“定语从句” vs. “同位语从句”?
黄金判断法则:定语从句:修饰限定名词 = 形容词作用;同位语从句:解释说明名词的具体内容 = 名词内容
The news that he told me is true. → that 在从句中作 told 的宾语。翻译:他告诉我的消息是真的→ 定语从句
The news that he won the game is true. →that 不做成分,从句 he won the game 完整。翻译:消息就是他赢了比赛→ 同位语从句
考场练兵·分层实战
基础通关练(测试时间:10分钟)
1.(北京市第九中学2023-2024高一下期中)___22___ is strange is that above the house and the tree, we see a daytime sky full of brightness and soft white clouds.
【答案】what
【解析】考查主语从句。句意:奇怪的是,在房子和树的上方,我们看到了一个白天的天空。这个句子是主语从句,从句中缺少一个主语,根据句意,what符合题意,另外还要注意首字母大写,因此应填What。
2.(北京市丰台区2023-2024高一下期中)Plus, consuming content on a physical page helps the brain make a mental map of the information,_____20_____in turn makes it easier to remember details in future.
【答案】which
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:此外,在实体页面上浏览内容有助于大脑对信息进行心理映射,这反过来又使其更容易在未来记住细节。根据句意分析句子可知, in turn makes it easier to remember details in future.是一个非限制性定语从句,该定语从句缺少主语,所以空格处应该填入一个关系代词,代替前面句子的内容在从句中作主语,所以,应该用关系代词which。故填which。
3.(北京市丰台区2023-2024高一下期中)_____14_____we consider waste may be useful when we think about it in a different light.
【答案】what
【解析】考查名词性从句。句意:当我们从不同的角度思考时,我们认为浪费的东西可能是有用的。分析句子结构可知,本句为主语从句。从句缺少宾语补足语,指物,所以用连接代词what引导。故填What。
4.(北京市通州区2023-2024高一下期中)She joined an online group ____19____ she could talk about her problems and get support from others.
【答案】where
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:她加入了一个在线团体,在那里她可以谈论自己的问题并从他人那里获得支持。此处引导限定性定语从句的关系词,,先行词为“group”,关系词在定语从句中作地点状语,意为“在团体中”,应用关系副词where引导。故填where。
5(北京市大兴区2023-2024高一下期中)In 2009, Whitacre received a video of a girl ____18____ was singing one of his works.
【答案】who
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:2009年,Whitacre收到了一段视频,视频中有一个女孩在唱他的一首作品。句中先行词为girl,在定语从句中作主语,所以用关系代词who或that引导。故填who/that。
重难突破练(测试时间:20分钟)
1. (北京市第八十中学2024-2025高一下学期期中)People were perhaps more honest a long time ago when life was very different from ______ it is today.
【答案】what
【解析】考查宾语从句。句意:很久以前,当生活与今天大不相同的时候,人们可能更诚实。引导宾语从句,从句缺少表语,指事物应用what。故填what。
2.(北京市延庆区2024-2025高一下学期期中)I suggested _______ we should buy more computers to save time.
【答案】that
【解析】考查宾语从句。句意:我建议我们应该买更多电脑来节省时间。分析句子结构可知,空格处引导宾语从句,从句“we should buy more computers to save time”是一个完整的陈述句,不缺成分,所以应用连词that引导该宾语从句。故填that。
3.(北京市延庆区2024-2025高一下学期期中) Those _______ dreams come true are always determined and never give up.
【答案】whose
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:那些梦想成真的人总是意志坚定且从不放弃。分析句子结构可知,空格处引导定语从句,先行词为Those,指代人,在从句中作定语,修饰dreams,即“那些人的梦想”,所以应用关系代词whose引导该从句。故填whose。
4.(北京市延庆区2024-2025高一下学期期中) Could you give me the reason _______ you are always late for handing in your homework?
【答案】why
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:你能告诉我你交作业总是迟到的原因吗?空处引导限制性定语从句,修饰先行词reason,先行词在从句中表示行为发生的原因,作原因状语,应用关系副词why作引导词。故填why。
5.(北京市延庆区2024-2025高一下学期期中)I miss the days ________ I was able to hang out with my best friend.
【答案】when
【解析】考查限制性定语从句。句意:我怀念我能和我最好的朋友一起出去玩的日子。句子结构分析可知,“__ I was able to hang out with my best friend”为限制性定语从句修饰先行词the days,设空处引导定语从句,指代先行词the days,在从句中作时间状语,该定语从句用关系副词when引导。故填when。
6.(北京市延庆区2024-2025高一下学期期中)Did you know the man _______ is standing at the school gate?
【答案】who/that
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:你认识那个正站在学校门口的男人吗?“_______ is standing at the school gate”是一个限制性定语从句,修饰先行词the man,指人,关系词将其代入定语从句中作主语,用关系代词who或that引导从句。故填who/that。
7.(北京市第五十七中学2024-2025高一下学期期中)The new crew includes two veterans(经验丰富的人)of space travel:Zhai Zhigang and Wang Yaping, the only woman on the mission, and Ye Guangfu, ____20____ made his first trip to space.
【答案】who
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:新的乘组包括两名经验丰富的太空旅行者:翟志刚和此次任务中唯一的女性王亚平,以及首次进入太空的叶光富。此句为非限制性定语从句,先行词是“Ye Guangfu”,指人,关系词在从句中作主语,用who引导。故填who。
8.(北京师大附中2024—2025学年高一(下)期中)Grateful, the cyclist thanked the man, ____56____ simply smiled and said, “We all need help sometimes.”
【答案】who
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:这位自行车手心存感激,感谢了这位男士,这位男士只是微笑着说:“我们有时都需要帮助。”该空引导非限制性定语从句,先行词是the man,指人,关系词替代先行词在从句中作主语,用关系代词who。故填who。
综合拓展练(测试时间:10分钟)
1.(北京市第九中学2023-2024高一下期中)Why is the Forbidden City called “purple forbidden city”? If you have visited it, you may find that the palace ____24____ (paint) mainly in two colors, yellow and red. Red, the color of fire, shows happiness and success, while yellow, the color of the sun, was only used by the emperors (皇帝), _____25_____ were regarded as the Sons of Heaven. Ancient Chinese astronomers believed that Polaris (北极星), “Ziwei (紫薇) star”, was in the center of heaven and the heavenly emperor lived in the Ziwei Palace. So the palace for the emperor on Earth should be like the one in heaven. That is ____26____ the word “purple” is in the name.
【答案】24. is painted 25. who 26. why
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要解释为什么故宫被称为“紫禁城”。
【24题详解】
考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:如果你参观过它,你可能会发现宫殿主要被漆成两种颜色,黄色和红色。此处陈述客观事实,使用一般现在时,the palace和paint被动关系,需用被动语态,主语为单数名词,be动词用is。故填is painted。
【25题详解】
考查定语从句。句意:红色,火的颜色,表示幸福和成功,而黄色,太阳的颜色,只有皇帝才使用,他们被认为是天子。空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词the emperors,指人,在定语从句中作主语,需用关系代词who引导。故填who。
【26题详解】
考查表语从句。句意:这就是为什么名字里有“紫色”这个词。空处引导表语从句,从句缺少原因状语,需用连接副词why引导。故填why。
2.(北京市第九中学2023-2024高一下期中)Rules help us live together in a community. At my local park, there is a sign that reads, “Keep off the grass.” Because our community has a need for a nice green space ____27____ (relax), we are expected to keep our park clean and in good condition for everyone’s enjoyment. If one person breaks the rules, more people will follow him and do ___28___ they want. In a community, rules are in place to protect everyone. What we do and ___29___ we act affect everyone, not just ourselves. We need rules in order to live ___30___ (safe).
【答案】27. to relax 28. what/whatever 29. how 30. safely
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了规则在社区生活中的重要性。
【27题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:因为我们的社区需要一个好的绿色空间来放松,我们希望保持我们的公园清洁和良好的状态,让每个人都能享受。空处作目的状语,需用动词不定式。故填to relax。
【28题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意:如果一个人打破了规则,更多的人会跟随他,做他们想做的事。空处引导宾语从句,从句缺少宾语,此处表示“所……的事”,或“无论做什么事”需用连接代词what/whatever引导。故填what/whatever。
【29题详解】
考查主语从句。句意:我们所做的和我们的行为影响着每个人,而不仅仅是我们自己。空处引导主语从句,从句缺少方式状语,需用连接副词how引导。故填how。
【30题详解】
考查副词。句意:为了安全生活,我们需要规则。空处修饰动词live,需用副词safely,作状语。故填safely。
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专题01“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
(期中复习讲义)
内 容 导 航
考情透视·目标导航 透析期中考向,锚定备考重心
知识梳理·方法技巧 梳理核心脉络,扫除知识盲区
知识点01关系代词的确定 知识点02介词的选取 知识点03 "介词+关系代词"的特殊用法
典例引领·即时检测 精析典型例题,强化解题能力
考场练兵·分层实战 阶梯实战演练,验收复习成效
考情透视·目标导航
“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
知识梳理·方法技巧
知识点01关系代词的确定
“介词+关系代词”既可以引导限制性定语从句,也可以引导非限制性定语从句。在此结构中,先行词指人时关系代词用whom,不可以用who或that;先行词指物时关系代词用which,不能用that。但如果介词后置,则不受这种限制,限制性定语从句中的关系代词还可以省去,尤其在口语中。
Do you know the girl to whom our teacher is talking? = Do you know the girl (that/ who/whom) our teacher is talking to? 你认识正和我们老师谈话的那个女孩吗?
The school in which my friend once studied is very famous. = The school(that/which) my friend once studied in is very famous.我的朋友曾经就读的那所学校很有名。
知识点02介词的选取
“介词+关系代词”结构中介词的选用或根据上下文要表达的具体意思,或根据先行词的习惯搭配,或根据定语从句中某些单词或短语的习惯搭配而定。具体用法如下:
1.根据上下文要表达的具体意思来确定介词。有些句子的先行词完全一样,这时,需要根据句子所要表达的意思选用不同的介词。
This is the pilot with whom my brother has worked for ten years. (相当于 My brother has worked with the pilot for ten years.)这就是和我弟弟一起工作了十年的那位飞行员。
This is the pilot by whom my son was saved. (相当于My son was saved by the pilot.)这就是救了我儿子的那位飞行员。
2.根据定语从句修饰的先行词的习惯搭配来确定介词。
Do you still remember the day on which we met for the first time?你还记得我们第一次见面的那一天吗?(on the day)
3.根据定语从句中某些词或短语的习惯搭配来确定介词。有时候,这个介词可能就是作定语从句谓语的短语动词中的一个固定介词,如choose from 中的from等。
Is this the car for which you paid a high price?这就是你花高价买的那辆汽车吗?(pay for)
This is the computer on which I spent 3,000yuan.这就是我花3000元买的电脑。(spend money on sth.)
The two things about/ of which he was not sure were the grammar and some of the idioms.他不确定的两项是语法和一些习语。(be sure about/of)
知识点03“介词+关系代词”的特殊用法
1.有些固定的短语动词在定语从句中作谓语动词时,该短语动词中的介词一般不提至关系代词前,常见的此类短语动词有care for, deal with, get through, hear from, depend on, listen to, look after, look at, look for, send for, see to, pay attention to, take care of等。
这就是我正在寻找的手表。
【误】 This is the watch for which I am looking.
[正]This is the watch which/ that I am looking for.
2.介词in,on,at,for等与关系代词which一起引导定语从句时,有时可用相应的关系副词when,where,why 等替换。
The reason for which(=why) he refused the invitation is not clear.他拒绝这个邀请的理由还不清楚。
Great changes have taken place in the city in which (= where) I was born.我出生的那个城市已经发生了巨大的变化。
3.the way后接定语从句时关系词的选择
the way(方式,方法)作先行词,后接定语从句时,若关系词在从句中作状语,则用in which或that,关系词也可省略;若关系词在从句中作宾语、主语等,关系词用which/that,且关系词在从句中作宾语时也可省略。
The way (that/in which) he treats children is very good.他对待孩子们的方式非常好。
The way (which/that) you told me yesterday doesn't work.你昨天告诉我的方法不管用。
典例引领·即时检测
典例01
1.(北京市延庆区2024-2025高一下学期期中)The teacher about _______ we talked just now is from England.
2.(北京市延庆区2024-2025高一下学期期中) The Bermuda Triangle is an area in the Atlantic Ocean in ________ hundreds of boats and planes have strangely disappeared.
即时检测
1.(天津3月高考单项填空改编)William Hastie once suggested that history informs us of past mistakes from_______we can learn without repeating them.
2. The man with ______ you shook hands just now is my uncle.
易|错|点|拨
定语从句中介词后的which和whom核心区别在于先行词是人还是物,是人,介词后用whom, 先行词是物,则介词后用which。
“which”
“whom”
先行词
是物
是人
典例02
答|题|模|板
(北京市延庆区2024-2025高一下学期期中)Is there a shop nearby _______ I can buy some sweets?
即时检测
1.(2022·全国甲卷阅读理解改编)This special building is a place in ________theatre is made and where children, artists, writers and anyone else have the opportunity (机会)to do creative things.
2.He likes his teaching job ______ he gets a lot of joy and happiness so he thinks it is rewarding.
易|错|点|拨
定语从句中的which和where核心区别在于在定语从句中的作用。从句缺主 / 宾 → 用 which,从句主谓宾完整,只缺地点 → 用 where
“which”
“where”
所起作用
在从句里作主语 / 宾语
在从句里作地点状语
修饰名词
可以是地点名词,也可以是其他物质名词
多数是地点名词,也有表示范围或者领域的物质名词
典例03
答|题|模|板
(北京市延庆区2024-2025高一下学期期中) _______ makes it striking is the expression of fear.
即时检测
1. (北京大学附属中学2025-2026高一12月份月考)Big Ben, the famous clock ___15___ can be heard all over the world on the B. B. C.
2. (北京大学附属中学2025-2026高一12月份月考)To see ____20____ the difference is, we have to look at a few key elements of environmental impact: water usage, land usage, and carbon emissions.
易|错|点|拨
1. “定语从句” vs. “名词性从句”
核心区别在于作的成分:是作定语还是作名词作主语、宾语、表语、同位语
对比维度
定语从句
名词性从句
成分
修饰名词,作定语。
作名词用,作主语、宾语或者表语
有无先行词
一定有先行词(名词/代词)
没有先行词
引导词
先行词是人: who, whom, that
先行词是物: which, that
先行词是地点或者范围:where
先行词是时间:when
先行词是reason:why
who, what, which, how, when, where, why, whether, if, that
引导词所起作用
1.代表先行词
2. 连接定语从句与先行词
3. 在定语从句中作成分,但是没有自己原来的意义,表示的是先行词的意义。比如:which不表示哪个,而表示的是先行词的具体意义。
1.连接主句和从句
2.that 在从句中不作成分,无意义,whether/if在从句中不做成份,表示“是否”,其他在句中作不同成分,并且有自己的意义,比如which表示“哪个”
What
不可以用
可以用
2. “定语从句” vs. “同位语从句”
两者前边都有名词时用that时的差别
核心区别在于:连接词在定语从句中起作用还是不起作用,是不仅有连接作用还代替先行词,还是只是连接作用?
对比维度
定语从句(that)
同位语从句(that)
连词作用
连接从句与所修饰名词
连接从句与主句
指代意义
代替先行词在定语从句中作主语、宾语或者表语
不能指代前面的名词,在从句中也没有位置
实际意义
可以翻译成先行词的意义
没有意义
前面名词
任何名词都可以
前面多是抽象名词→fact/news/idea /hope/suggestion /truth/promise
翻译方法
….的
就是
解|题|技|巧
一、“定语从句” vs. “名词性从句”?
黄金判断法则:
1.看前面有没有名词:有,且从句修饰它 → 定语从句;没有,从句本身当名词用 → 名词性从句。
2.看引导词:出现 what → 一定是名词性从句
I like the movie that you recommended. 定语从句(that 指代 movie,作 recommended 的宾语)
I think that you are right. 宾语从句(名词性)(that 只连接,不作成分)
What he said is true. 主语从句(名词性)(What he said 整个作主语)
二、“定语从句” vs. “同位语从句”?
黄金判断法则:定语从句:修饰限定名词 = 形容词作用;同位语从句:解释说明名词的具体内容 = 名词内容
The news that he told me is true. → that 在从句中作 told 的宾语。翻译:他告诉我的消息是真的→ 定语从句
The news that he won the game is true. →that 不做成分,从句 he won the game 完整。翻译:消息就是他赢了比赛→ 同位语从句
考场练兵·分层实战
基础通关练(测试时间:10分钟)
1.(北京市第九中学2023-2024高一下期中)___22___ is strange is that above the house and the tree, we see a daytime sky full of brightness and soft white clouds.
2.(北京市丰台区2023-2024高一下期中)Plus, consuming content on a physical page helps the brain make a mental map of the information,_____20_____in turn makes it easier to remember details in future.
3.(北京市丰台区2023-2024高一下期中)_____14_____we consider waste may be useful when we think about it in a different light.
4.(北京市通州区2023-2024高一下期中)She joined an online group ____19____ she could talk about her problems and get support from others.
5(北京市大兴区2023-2024高一下期中)In 2009, Whitacre received a video of a girl ____18____ was singing one of his works.
重难突破练(测试时间:20分钟)
1. (北京市第八十中学2024-2025高一下学期期中)People were perhaps more honest a long time ago when life was very different from ______ it is today.
2.(北京市延庆区2024-2025高一下学期期中)I suggested _______ we should buy more computers to save time.
3.(北京市延庆区2024-2025高一下学期期中) Those _______ dreams come true are always determined and never give up.
4.(北京市延庆区2024-2025高一下学期期中) Could you give me the reason _______ you are always late for handing in your homework?
5.(北京市延庆区2024-2025高一下学期期中)I miss the days ________ I was able to hang out with my best friend.
6.(北京市延庆区2024-2025高一下学期期中)Did you know the man _______ is standing at the school gate?
7.(北京市第五十七中学2024-2025高一下学期期中)The new crew includes two veterans(经验丰富的人)of space travel:Zhai Zhigang and Wang Yaping, the only woman on the mission, and Ye Guangfu, ____20____ made his first trip to space.
8.(北京师大附中2024—2025学年高一(下)期中)Grateful, the cyclist thanked the man, ____56____ simply smiled and said, “We all need help sometimes.”
综合拓展练(测试时间:10分钟)
1.(北京市第九中学2023-2024高一下期中)Why is the Forbidden City called “purple forbidden city”? If you have visited it, you may find that the palace ____24____ (paint) mainly in two colors, yellow and red. Red, the color of fire, shows happiness and success, while yellow, the color of the sun, was only used by the emperors (皇帝), _____25_____ were regarded as the Sons of Heaven. Ancient Chinese astronomers believed that Polaris (北极星), “Ziwei (紫薇) star”, was in the center of heaven and the heavenly emperor lived in the Ziwei Palace. So the palace for the emperor on Earth should be like the one in heaven. That is ____26____ the word “purple” is in the name.
2.(北京市第九中学2023-2024高一下期中)Rules help us live together in a community. At my local park, there is a sign that reads, “Keep off the grass.” Because our community has a need for a nice green space ____27____ (relax), we are expected to keep our park clean and in good condition for everyone’s enjoyment. If one person breaks the rules, more people will follow him and do ___28___ they want. In a community, rules are in place to protect everyone. What we do and ___29___ we act affect everyone, not just ourselves. We need rules in order to live ___30___ (safe).
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