Unit4知识清单2 2025-2026学年译林版八年级英语下册

该初中英语知识清单系统梳理了译林版牛津英语八下Unit 4的核心语法与词汇知识。从“疑问词+动词不定式”结构、must/have to用法等语法规则出发，延伸至advise、hand in、give away等重点词汇短语，构建从基础规则到语境应用的学习支架。 知识链路按“语法规则-词汇辨析-综合应用”逻辑展开，通过精选考题强化语言运用，对比especially与specially等用法培养思维品质，助力学生形成系统知识框架，提升语言能力与自主学习效率。

Read and recite it one more time, and you'll really get the hang of it. --- Allan 2025译林版牛津英语八下学霸必背知识清单 Unit 4 A good read Grammar 1.“疑问词+动词不定式”结构由疑问代词who/whom/what/which/whose或疑问副词when/where/how等后接带to的动词不定式构成。在句中可以作宾语、主语、表语等成分。 （1）作宾语 常见的能接“疑问词+动词不定式”作宾语的动词及动词短语有 advise、ask、decide、discuss、explain、forget、hear、know、learn、remember、show、see、teach、tell、think、understand、wonder、find out 等。 We can’t decide when to start. 我们无法决定什么时候开始。 You should learn how to solve the problem. 你应该学会如何解决这个问题。 · 有些动词，如 advise、ask、show、teach、tell 等，其后可以接双宾语。 He advised us to get up early. 他建议我们早起。 · 有些疑问词（短语），如 what、which、whose、how many、how much 等，其后可以先接一个名词，再接动词不定式。 I don’t know what book to read.我不知道该读什么书。 · 在“疑问词+动词不定式”结构前，有时也可以用 sure、certain、clear 等形容词。 She isn't certain which one to choose.她不确定该选哪一个。 · “疑问词+动词不定式”结构在句中作宾语时，可以改成由该疑问词引导的宾语从句。 He can’t decide when to leave. → He can’t decide when he will leave. 他无法决定他什么时候离开。 （2）作主语 “疑问词+动词不定式”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 Who to ask for help is a problem. 该向谁求助是个问题。 （3）作表语 The question is how to get to the station in a short time. 问题是如何在短时间内到达车站。 · 疑问副词 why 不可与动词不定式连用。 2.must/have to 的用法 （1）must 的用法 · must 是情态动词，意为“必须”，表示说话人主观认为有义务、有必要做某事。主要用于肯定句和疑问句中，没有人称、时态和数的变化。 You must go to see a doctor today. 你今天必须看医生。 · must 的否定形式是 must not 或 mustn't，意为“不能，不许”，语气较为强烈，常用于禁止或警告。 You mustn't play football in the street. 你们不准在大街上踢足球。 · 在回答以 must 开头的一般疑问句时，肯定回答用 must，否定回答用 needn't 或 don't/doesn't have to，表示“不必”，而不用 mustn't。 —Must I finish my homework first? 我必须先完成家庭作业吗？ —Yes, you must. /No, you needn't/don't have to. 是的，你必须。/不，你不必。 · must 还可以表示推测，意为“一定”，指有把握、有根据的推测，通常用于肯定句中。 You must be tired after a long journey. 长途旅行后你一定很累。 （2）have to 的用法 · have to 意为“不得不，必须”，后接动词原形，表示客观上必须做某事。have to 有时态、人称和数的变化。 The train was late, so we had to wait for another two hours. 火车晚点了，所以我们不得不再等两个小时。 · have to 的否定形式 do/does/did/will not have to 表示“不必”，相当于 needn't。 You don't have to water the flowers, for it's going to rain. 你不必浇花，因为要下雨了。 · have to 构成一般疑问句时，要借助 do/does/did/will 等助动词。 Does Daniel have to go by bike? 丹尼尔必须骑自行车去吗？ 3. Mr Wu advised us which to choose first. 吴老师建议我们先选哪本。 · advise v. 提出建议 advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事 If you don't feel well, I advise you to stay in bed. 如果你觉得身体不舒服，我建议你卧床休息。 · advice un. 建议，忠告，劝告（常与give、take、follow、ask for等动词或动词短语连用；表示“一条建议”用a piece of advice，其前也可用some、much、a little、pieces of等词修饰） He gave me a piece of advice on how to learn English well. 他就如何学好英语给我提出了一条建议。 4. The students asked their teacher when to hand in their book reviews. 学生们问老师什么时候交书评。 · hand in 提交，呈交，上交（若宾语是名词，既可放在in之前，又可放在in之后；若宾语是代词，则放在hand和in之间） → hand out/give out 分发 Homework is very important. You must hand it in on time. 家庭作业非常重要。你必须按时上交它。 Tom is handing out food to children. 汤姆正在给孩子们分发食物。 【精选考题】 ( C ) — Please ______ the maths paper, Mike! — But I haven't checked it yet, Mr Smith. A. hand out B. look out C. hand in D. look through 5. I mustn't give away the ending of the story. 我不能透露故事的结局。 · give away 泄露，暴露（后接名词作宾语时，宾语可放在give和away之间，也可放在away之后；代词作宾语时，宾语必须放在give和away之间） Be careful not to give away personal information like your ID numbers. 注意不要泄露你的身份证号码等个人信息。 · give away 赠送，捐赠 I decided to give away my old books to the school library. 我决定把我的旧书捐赠给学校图书馆。 【精选考题】 ( A ) — You have so many storybooks that you've already read. What will you do with them? — I won't throw them away. I plan to ______ to the children in the poor mountain area. A. give them away B. give them up C. give them out D. give them back 6. I have to give a short summary of the book, but I mustn’t give away the ending. 我得对这本书做一个简短的总结，但绝对不能泄露结局。 · summary n. 总结 a summary of … ……的总结 in summary 总之；总的来说（通常置于句首） The group writes a monthly summary of their research. 这个小组每月写一份研究总结。 In summary, it’s an enjoyable trip. 总之，这是一次令人愉快的旅行。 Integration 1. Many of the British publishing houses were unwilling to publish the first book. 许多英国出版社不愿意出版第一本书。 · unwilling adj. 不愿意的；不情愿的 be unwilling to do sth. 不愿意做某事；不情愿做某事 I am unwilling to get up early on weekends—I want to sleep more. 我周末不愿意早起—我想多睡一会儿。 1. It is usually difficult to know which book to read, especially if you have so many great books to choose from. 通常，要确定该读哪本书并不容易，尤其是当你有这么多好书可供选择时。 · especially adv. 尤其，特别（常用来对前面所述的事件进行进一步的说明或补充，后跟名词、代词、介词短语或从句等。该词不用于句首） I love fruit, especially apples. 我喜欢水果，尤其是苹果。 · specially adv. 专门，特地（多指为了某一特别的目的而做某事，可修饰动词、形容词或副词） I came here specially to see you. 我特地来这里看你。 【精选考题】 （ C ）UNICEF helps build a better world for everyone, ______ children all over the world. A. probably B. luckily C. especially D. closely 2. In fact, the books have been translated into many different languages and now their sales have reached over 600 million copies. 事实上，这些书已经被翻译成多种不同的语言，现在销量已达6亿多册。 · translate v. 翻译 translate ... into ... 把……翻译成…… translate (sth.) for sb. 为某人翻译(某物) I need to translate it into English. 我需要把它翻译成英语。 My friend will translate the book for me. 我的朋友将为我翻译这本书。 · translator n. 译者，翻译家 → translation n. 翻译；译文 My uncle is a translator. He can speak English and Chinese very well. 我的叔叔是一名译者。他英语和汉语都说得很好。 Please read the translation of this sentence carefully. 请仔细阅读这个句子的译文。 · copy n. 一本(份，册)；复制品（复数为copies；后面常跟介词 of） vt. 抄写；模仿；复制 He is reading a copy of the daily newspaper. 他正在看一份日报。 Would you please copy this letter for me? 请为我抄一下这封信好吗？ · sales n. [pl.] 销售量 → sale n. 出售，销售 on sale 出售；减价出售 for sale 待售 The newspaper has sales of 1.7 million. 该报纸的销量为 170 万份。 These gloves are on sale for only 9 yuan. 这些手套减价出售，只卖 9 元。 The house is for sale. 这座房子待售。 3. And they may have difficulty getting the book published because publishers cannot say for sure if the book will be successful or not. 出版商可能很难让书出版，因为他们不能肯定这本书是否会成功。 · difficulty n. 困难（相当于trouble）（前面可用much、great、a lot of、no、little等词修饰，表示困难的程度） with/without difficulty 有/没有困难 have difficulty (in) doing sth. 做某事有困难 have difficulty with sth. 在某方面有困难 He finished the work with difficulty. 他艰难地完成了工作。 She can solve the problem without difficulty. 她能毫不费力地解决这道题。 I have difficulty (in) learning English. 我学英语有困难。 He has difficulty with math. 他在数学方面有困难。 4. As readers, it is important to say no to pirated books. 作为读者，拒绝盗版书籍至关重要。 · say no to (doing)(sth.) 拒绝…… We should say no to junk food—it's bad for our health. 我们应该拒绝垃圾食品—它对我们健康有害。 She decided to say no to staying up late to play games. 她决定拒绝熬夜打游戏。 【精选考题】 ( A ) — Let's stay up late to play video games tonight—we don't have classes tomorrow morning! — Sorry, I can't. I have to get up early to help my mum. I must ______ it. A. say no to B. refuse to C. turn up D. say for 5. Excuse me 劳驾，请原谅 · excuse me 劳驾，请原谅（通常是为了礼貌地引起别人的注意，适用于问路、请人让路、借东西、插话、中途要离开某处等情境） Excuse me, could you tell me how to get to the nearest bus stop? 打扰一下，你能告诉我最近的公共汽车站怎么走吗？ 6. And can I borrow more than one book at a time? 还有，我能一次借不止一本书吗？ · at a time 每次，一次（常用于“数词 + at a time”结构) Please come in one at a time. 请一次进来一个人。 You can borrow two books at a time. 你一次可以借两本书。 7. The book describes a series of adventures of Tom Sawyer and his friends. 这本书描述了汤姆·索亚和他的朋友们的一系列冒险经历。 · describe vt. 描述（后接名词、代词或动名词作宾语，不能直接接不定式） She described how she saved the lost cat on her way home. 她描述了自己在回家路上救助那只走失小猫的经过。 Can you describe your new classmate to us? 你能给我们描述一下你的新同学吗？ 8. He is fun-loving and brave, though he often gets into trouble. 他喜欢玩乐而且很勇敢，尽管他常常惹上麻烦。 · get into 陷入，进入 trouble 为不可数名词，不能加 a/an get into trouble 惹上麻烦；遇到困难 He often gets into trouble at school because he likes fighting with classmates. 他在学校经常惹上麻烦，因为他喜欢和同学打架。 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $