【对标新考纲】Unit 7 Invention and Innovation（B卷·能力提升）《英语 基础模块2》（高教版第三版）单元过关卷（原卷版+解析版）

编写说明：本套试卷紧扣《英语 基础模块2》（高教版第三版）教材，以教材单元为基准精准覆盖核心考点。 每个单元设置AB卷，A卷为基础巩固卷，侧重基础考点训练，帮助学生扎实掌握知识要点；B卷为能力提升卷，注重知识整合与全面检测，引导学生构建知识网络。全书设计4份综合测试卷，模拟实战情境，聚焦解题能力突破，全面提升应试能力与知识应用水平。 【对标新考纲】 《英语 基础模块2》（高教版第三版）《单元过关卷》 Unit 7 Invention and Innovation B卷·能力提升 考试时间：120分钟 满分：100分 班级 姓名 学号 成绩 一、情景交际(共15小题,满分20分) 第一节 读下列10个短对话,从题后所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。(共10小题,每小题1分,满分10分) 1．---Peter, you must have received a warm welcome at Jane's birthday party. ---Far from it. I still wonder why it was that she ______. A．laughed my head off B．talked my year off C．gave me the cold shoulder D．gave me a black eye 2．---Can you help me with my English homework? You're a genius. ---__________, but I'll try to help you. What's your problem? A．Far from it B．You bet C．By all means D．It's out of question 3．—I will pick you up at 7 o'clock tomorrow morning. Is that all right? —________. See you then. A．I’d love to B．That’s settled C．It’s up to you D．My pleasure 4．When Van Gogh was alive, nobody bought his paintings. But now rich people will _________ for one, sometimes more than five million dollars. A．fly off the handle B ．pay through the nose C．put their heads together D．pull each other’s leg 5．—I have been considering cancelling the project because it seems hard to go farther. —But it's too early to________ now. There's still much hope. A．pick up the pieces B．throw in the towel C．go through your paces D．jump down your throat 6．—— Can I really get a Huawei Cell Phone as a reward if I win the race? —— Absolutely! ______. A．I mean it B．So will you C．I beg to differ D．You’ve got me there 7．---How was your evening? ---We went to Joe’s and had ____. We really enjoyed ourselves. A．a white elephant B．a square meal C．a sacred cow D．the salt of the earth 8．—Edward, do you mind giving me a ride to the railway station? — . I’d be glad to. A．Yes, I do B．Of course not C．Never mind D．Go ahead 9．—Believe it or not, I have just resigned. —_______ It’s a good company and you get a 6% pay rise every year. A．You what? B．So what? C．So long! D．You bet! 10．—Have you heard that more flights from WuXi to Beijing are available this year? —Of course. Many citizens are ____ for it’s quite convenient for them to travel. A．green with envy B．feeling blue C．over the moon D．hot under the collar 第二节 读下面一段对话,从方框中所给的 A、B、C、D、E、F和 G 七个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。(共5小题,每小题2分,满分10分) A．Of course. B．No, I haven’t. C． They’d like to talk to each other. D．It might change how we see animals. E. How can scientists tell what the whales are saying? F. What other animals do you think they should study? G. What would you ask your dog if you could talk to him? A: Have you heard about the new AI project that might help us talk to animals? B: 11 What’s it about? A: The project is using AI to study sperm whale (抹香鲸) sounds. B: Wow! 12 A: They think that the whales have a language with special clicks, and they believe that AI can help them understand it. B: That would be amazing! A: Yes. 13 B: For sure! If we understand them better, we might be able to protect them better. 14 A: Maybe dogs or cats! 15 B: I’d ask my dog why he keeps digging in the garden! 二、阅读理解(共20小题;每小题2分,满分40分) 阅读下列短文,从题后所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳答案。 A Azechhi Foods, a popcorn (爆米花) maker and specialty food wholesaler in Japan’s Kochi City, has become famous for using and selling popcorn not just as a snack but as a cushioning (缓冲) material. The company’s manager, Shihoko Wada, had been struggling to promote popcorn on Azechhi Foods’ online store where people mainly bought specialty food. She was inspired after attending a meeting in which an attendee used a packet of popcorn as a cushion. While it caused laughter from the audience, for Wada it was an eye-opener. Not only could the popcorn be used as a snack, but it was also an incredible opportunity to attract attention. Soon, Azechhi Foods launched a cushioning material called “Taberareru Kanshouzai”, using popcorn to fill packaging space. “Although popcorn is more expensive than conventional-cushioning materials like cardboard, it comes with a few definite advantages: Once it’s finished serving its purpose, it can be eaten, so it doesn’t become useless garbage. Above all, I thought that the customers who received it would be happy with the surprise. They would get a sense of value, and it would also help improve the company’s image,” Wada said. Wada’s idea was to package the popcorn in a bag that had “not edible (可食用的)” printed on it, only with the “not” crossed out, and then use the bags as a cushioning material in the packages they sent all over the country. People loved the idea and before long, photos of the bags started going viral on Japanese social media. Azechhi Foods soon started receiving orders from all sorts of businesses, like a company that sells used video games, a greengrocer, a wine seller, etc. As photos of its unique cushioning material went viral online, the number of orders increased. Azechhi Foods currently offers two package sizes — 40g and 13g — but Azechhi Foods hopes to start offering it in other sizes, as well as other styles of packaging to keep customers entertained. 16．What gave Wada the idea of launching Taberareru Kanshouzai? A．A meeting about promoting popcorn. B．A suggestion from her fellow worker. C．A customer’s complaint about packaging. D．A funny and unexpected use of popcorn. 17．What is an advantage of Taberareru Kanshouzai? A．It is low-cost. B．It is eco-friendly. C．It is really durable. D．It is visually pleasing. 18．What does Wada’s idea turn out to be? A．A success story. B．A worldwide trend. C．A win-win decision. D．A high-risk strategy. 19．What might Azechhi Foods plan to do next? A．Stop making popcorn cushions. B．Offer more sizes and packaging styles. C．Raise prices for popcorn cushions. D．Switch to cardboard packaging. 20．What can be the best title for the text? A．Popcorn: A Popular Food In Japan B．Stuff Packages With Popcorn And Eat It C．Wrap Your Popcorn Up And Snack On It D．Azechhi Foods: The Leading Popcorn Maker B Nicola Tesla was born on 10th July 1856 in Croatia. From a very young age, Tesla was interested in electricity. In 1881 Tesla moved to Budapest and got a job. It was there that Tesla first thought of the idea of the alternating current (交流电) (AC). In 1884, Tesla moved to America and worked for Thomas Edison. But Tesla worked for Edison for less than a year. Tesla was sure his AC motor was the best way to capture and transport the power of electricity. However, Edison thought his way of using direct current (DC) was better and considered AC unsafe. But soon the scientific community accepted AC was more powerful than DC and it was proved safe. In 1895, Tesla designed the first water power plant using the energy of the Niagara Falls. And he did it using the AC motor. After the success of AC, Tesla became well known. He travelled and spoke to many scientists about his inventions and ideas. He built a large laboratory. However, it burned down not long after it was built. As Tesla got older, he continued to come up with new ideas and theories. But he was less successful and famous. Many people didn’t recognize that particular inventions were really Tesla’s ideas. Tesla gave speeches about creating electrical power from the earth’s atmosphere. He also talked about ways that wireless electricity and communication could power things all over the world. But to the people of his time, these ideas sounded crazy. However, some of his ideas have now been supported by modern research and technology. Tesla’s last years were lonely and sad. He received many awards, but received very little money. When he died in 1943, he was no longer famous and felt forgotten. Today, not many people know the name of Nicola Tesla but his inventions and ideas affect our lives every day! 21．Why did Tesla stop working for Edison? A．Tesla was badly paid there. B．They had some disagreements. C．They had very different characters. D．Tesla wanted to move back to Europe. 22．Which of the following is the correct order about Tesla’s life experiences? a．Tesla’s lab burned down. b．Tesla worked for Edison. c．Tesla built a water power plant. d．Tesla moved to Budapest. A．d-b-c-a. B．d-b-a-c. C．b-d-c-a. D．b-c-d-a. 23．In his later years, Tesla ______. A．lived a colorful life B．was misunderstood and doubted C．was unable to think out new ideas D．earned a lot as an award-winning inventor 24．What can we learn from the text? A．Tesla became famous as an assistant to Edison. B．Tesla was way ahead of modern technology. C．Tesla had great interest in travelling. D．Tesla was not good at speeches. 25．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．Nicola Tesla, a challenger for difficulties B．Nicola Tesla, a dreamer in science C．Nicola Tesla, a forgotten inventor D．Nicola Tesla, a strange scientist C Vivien He is a senior at a high school in Rolling Hills Estates. Growing up in Southern California, where earthquakes often happen, this 18-year-old girl has spent lots of time hiding under her school desk during earthquake drills. Although these ground tremors are slightly shaking, they are often unpredictable. Earthquake early warning systems do exist. One is the ShakeAlert system on the U. S. West Coast. Earthquake monitoring stations in the Shake Alert network detect ground shaking when a quake strikes. Those stations then alert people that the ground under them may soon start to shake. But it’s hard to predict how much the ground will shake at any given place. And people closest to an earthquake’s source are out of luck. They’ll feel the shaking before they can get an alert. Therefore, Vivien built an at-home earthquake sensor. Called the Qube, this device uses a motion sensor called a geophone (地震检波器) to feel tremors that may mark the beginning of a bigger quake. Then, it can warn users by sounding the alarm or sending text alerts. To build it, Vivien bought a machine and watched YouTube videos to learn how to use it. Then she went to work in a spare bathroom . During nine months of testing, Vivien’s Qube detected all earthquakes over magnitude 3 around Los Angeles. The motion data captured by her Qube also matched those from a nearby seismometer (地震仪) in the Southern California Seismic Network. Vivien is now building up a network of Qubes around Los Angeles. “I have eight devices in different homes,” she says. A widespread Qube network could serve as a role similar to that of Shake Alert seismic stations. When one Qube starts to shake, it could alert users across town to an oncoming quake. But unlike earthquake monitoring stations, Qubes are tiny and inexpensive. About the size of a Rubik’s cube, one Qube costs less than $100 to make. So, many more of them could be installed around a city. 26．What does the underlined word “tremors” mean in English? A．Small earthquakes. B．Big earthquakes. C．Huge seismometers. D．Mini geophones. 27．What can we learn about Vivien He when she was little? A．She used to like playing hide and seek in school. B．She was often at risk of experiencing an earthquake. C．She once got injured severely in an earthquake drill. D．She showed no interest in studying natural disasters. 28．Why does the author mention the ShakeAlert system? A．To prove the necessity of early earthquake monitoring stations. B．To compare ShakeAlert with Vivien’s Qube in terms of accuracy. C．To highlight the technological advancements in earthquake detection. D．To show the drawback of existing earthquake early warning systems. 29．What’s the main function of Vivien He’s device? A．Monitoring tremors and sending alarms. B．Collecting data about minor earthquakes. C．Predicting the center of an earthquake. D．Assessing the sizes of earthquakes. 30．What’s implied about the network of Qubes? A．It’s very challenging to build it. B．It has limitations in large cities. C．It can be easily applied at a low cost. D．It just requires eight devices in each place. D Modified floating wood could seed the formation of new sea ice in the Arctic, helping counteract the rapid decline of ice coverage due to global warming. The area of the Arctic Ocean covered by ice is shrinking as the climate warms, and it has been projected that the region will see its first ice-free summer day before 2030. The loss of ice leads to a vicious cycle: because the exposed water is darker than ice, it absorbs more of the sun’s heat, warming the water further and making it increasingly hard for ice to reform. This has led people to suggest various geoengineering plans to refreeze the water both in the Arctic and Antarctica. Now, Tian Li at Purdue University in West Lafayette, Indiana, and her colleagues are proposing modifying wood to help it seed the formation of new ice. “We choose wood because it’s a natural material,” says Li. “You see a lot of floating wood in ocean water and it raises much less of an environmental concern than things made of artificial materials.” To create the modified material, which they call ice-wood, the researchers took a 10-centimetre-square,1.5-centimetre-thick piece of American basswood (Tilia Americana) and cut a small chunk out of the middle. This chunk was placed on a hotplate so that one side carbonized, while the larger piece was treated with hydrogen peroxide（过氧化氢）and heat, removing much of a polymer（聚合物）called lignin. The two pieces were then put back together. Lignin gives wood its colour, so removing it makes that part of the wood whiter and better at reflecting light. The idea is that when the ice-wood floats in the sea, water is drawn up through natural microchannels. Sunlight then warms the dark, carbonized part of the surface, making the water there evaporate, after which it condenses on the colder, whiter part of the surface. During tests in ponds with water kept at about 2℃ (36°F), the top of a piece of floating ice-wood stayed below freezing, even when the air temperature reached between 7℃ and 8℃ (44.6°F and 46.4°F). Though covering the whole Arctic isn’t realistic, Li suggests that larger pieces of ice-wood could be used around coastal regions, where Indigenous people rely on ice to hunt fish, to speed up the ice coverage in winter and reduce ice loss in summer. But a big question remains about whether our focus should be on geoengineering approaches to prevent ice loss or on slowing the climate change that is causing it. “I find it strange to put so much energy into these ideas when we already know what is needed: reduced carbon dioxide emissions,” says Julienne Stroeve at University College London. 31．What is the main purpose of the “ice-wood” project? A．To clean the ocean water in the Arctic. B．To provide a new building material for coastal regions. C．To help new sea ice form in the Arctic. D．To study the behavior of seabirds in cold environments. 32．Which of the following situations best illustrates a similar “vicious cycle” as mentioned in the 2ⁿᵈ paragraph? A．A forest fire destroys trees→sunlight reaches the forest floor→new seedlings grow→the forest begins to recover. B．A student sleeps less to study more→poor sleep leads to lower concentration→needs more time to study the same material→sleeps even less. C．A farmer uses a new fertilizer→crop yield increases→the farmer earns more money→the farmer buys more land. D．A person gets a high-paying job→saves more money→makes various investments→poor investments lead to debt. 33．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage? A．The wood relies on creating a temperature difference to promote ice formation. B．Lignin is removed so as to make the wood darker and better at absorbing heat. C．The carbonized part directly freezes the surrounding seawater through rapid cooling. D．American basswood was chosen as the raw material for its exceptional durability. 34．Which of the following would be the most appropriate title for this passage? A．The Arctic Crisis: Causes and Global Consequences B．Refreezing the Arctic: The Science and Promise of Engineered Ice-Wood C．From Forest to Ocean: A New Material’s Role in the Arctic Environment D．Wood Against Warming: A Controversial Path to Save Arctic Ice 35．What is the author’s attitude towards the ice-wood project as reflected in the passage? A．Supportive B．Opposed C．Objective D．Suspicious 三、完形填空(共10小题;每小题1分,满分10分) 阅读下列短文,从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 The East African country of Kenya has been at the forefront of the global war on plastic since 2017, when officials banned plastic bags. In June 2020, the government intensified the efforts with a ban on single-use plastics in protected areas. Unfortunately, the measures have 36 made any impact. Hundreds of tons of industrial and consumer polymer (聚合物) waste continue to get 37 into landfills daily. However, if 29-year-old Nzambi Matee has her way, the unpleasant plastic heaps will soon be transformed into colourful bricks. The material engineer’s search to find a(n) 38 solution to control plastic pollution began in 2017. She quit her job as a data analyst at a local chemical factory and set up a small lab in her mother’s backyard. It took her nine months to produce the first brick and even longer to 39 a partner to help build the machinery to make them. But the determined eco-entrepreneur was confident in her idea and did not give up. She says, “I wanted to use my education in applied physics and material engineering to do something about the problem of plastic waste pollution. But I was very 40 that the solution had to be practical, sustainable, and affordable. The best way to do this was by 41 the waste into the construction and finding the most efficient and affordable material to build homes.” Her company, Gjenge Makers, now hires 112 people and produces over 1,500 bricks a day. The pavers (铺路材料) are made using a mix of plastic products that cannot be reprocessed or recycled. The polymer is obtained 42 from factories or picked by hired locals from Nairobi’s largest landfill, Dandora. The collected plastic is 43 with sand, heated at very high temperatures, and compressed into bricks that vary in colour and thickness. The resulting product is stronger, lighter, and about 30 percent cheaper than concrete bricks. Matee, who was recently recognized as one of the Young Champions of the Earth 2020 — the United Nations’ highest environmental 44 — is far from done. Her dream is to reduce the mountain of trash in Dandora to just a hill by increasing production and expanding her offerings. She says, “The more we recycle the plastic, the more we produce affordable housing, and the more we create 45 for the youth.” 36．A．barely B．nearly C．mildly D．equally 37．A．leaked B．turned C．loaded D．dumped 38．A．personal B．orderly C．feasible D．adjustable 39．A．remind B．convince C．assure D．direct 40．A．clear B．fair C．bold D．mature 41．A．enclosing B．distributing C．channelling D．reversing 42．A．distantly B．openly C．secretly D．directly 43．A．replaced B．mixed C．equipped D．fixed 44．A．level B．grant C．diploma D．honour 45．A．employment B．experiment C．entertainment D．investment 四、语法填空(共10小题;每小题1分,满分10分) 阅读下列短文,在空白处填入一个适当的词,或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式,并将答案写在对应处。 China’s first domestically made passenger jet (喷气式飞机) flew 46 (it) first successful commercial flight on Sunday, marking a milestone 47 the nation’s decades-long effort to compete with industry giants such as Boeing and Airbus in the global aircraft market. The C919 plane, carrying about 130 passengers on the flight, was built by the Commercial Aircraft Corporation of China (COMAC). 48 (operate) by state-owned China Eastern Airlines, the jet took off on Sunday morning from Shanghai Hongqiao Airport and landed less than two hours later in Beijing. Passengers received special red boarding passes 49 enjoyed a themed meal to commemorate the flight. “I’m confident about the plane. The flight was 50 (smooth) than expected,” one of the passengers said. The flight comes as COMAC seeks 51 (break) into the jet market in a direct challenge to Airbus and Boeing. Airbus’s A320 and Boeing’s B737 jets are the most popular aircraft 52 (typical) used on domestic and regional routes. The C919, 53 had been in development for 16 years, has 54 maximum range of about 5,630 kilometers and is designed to carry between 158 and 168 passengers. It made its first flight in 2017 and had conducted numerous test 55 (flight) before Sunday’s first commercial flight. The company plans to build 150 C919 planes each year in the next five years. Over 1,200 C919 jets have been ordered, COMAC says. 五、书面表达(满分20分) 当今世界科技发展日新月异，各种新产品、新事物不断产生。随着人们生活水平的提高，这些发明创造给人们的生活带来了各种影响，现就发明的利弊写一篇作文。 要求： 1、词数不少于80； 2、可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 ( 1 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 编写说明：本套试卷紧扣《英语 基础模块2》（高教版第三版）教材，以教材单元为基准精准覆盖核心考点。 每个单元设置AB卷，A卷为基础巩固卷，侧重基础考点训练，帮助学生扎实掌握知识要点；B卷为能力提升卷，注重知识整合与全面检测，引导学生构建知识网络。全书设计4份综合测试卷，模拟实战情境，聚焦解题能力突破，全面提升应试能力与知识应用水平。 【对标新考纲】 《英语 基础模块2》（高教版第三版）《单元过关卷》 Unit 7 Invention and Innovation B卷·能力提升 考试时间：120分钟 满分：100分 班级 姓名 学号 成绩 一、情景交际(共15小题,满分20分) 第一节 读下列10个短对话,从题后所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。(共10小题,每小题1分,满分10分) 1．---Peter, you must have received a warm welcome at Jane's birthday party. ---Far from it. I still wonder why it was that she ______. A．laughed my head off B．talked my year off C．gave me the cold shoulder D．gave me a black eye 【答案】C 【详解】考查习惯用语辨析。句意：----彼得，你一定在简的生日聚会上受到了热烈欢迎。----并非如此。我仍然想知道为什么她对我爱搭不理。A. laughed my head off笑得是前仰后合；B. talked my year off别再来烦我了；C. gave me the cold shoulder爱搭不理；D. gave me a black eye打得某人乌眼青。由“Far from it.”可知，gave me the cold shoulder“爱搭不理”符合句意。故C选项正确。 2．---Can you help me with my English homework? You're a genius. ---__________, but I'll try to help you. What's your problem? A．Far from it B．You bet C．By all means D．It's out of question 【答案】A 【分析】考查情景交际 【详解】句意：--你能帮我做英语作业吗？你是一个天才。--才不是呢！但是我会尽力帮你的。你的问题是什么？A. Far from it  才不是呢！    B. You bet 当然；的确；C. By all means 当然可以； D. It's out of question毫无疑问。根据上下语境得知是表示谦虚。故选A。 3．—I will pick you up at 7 o'clock tomorrow morning. Is that all right? —________. See you then. A．I’d love to B．That’s settled C．It’s up to you D．My pleasure 【答案】B 【详解】考查情景交际。句意：我明天早晨七点来接你，可以么？——就这么定了，到时候见。A. I’d love to我很乐意；B. That’s settled就这么定了；C. It’s up to you由你决定；D. My pleasure不用谢。根据“See you then.”可知，此处表示“一言为定、就这么定了”，故B项正确。 【点睛】My pleasure和With pleasure仅有一词之差，但用法截然不同，注意My pleasure用来回答对方的谢意，表示“不用谢”，例如：——Thanks for helping me.——My pleasure. With pleasure用来回答对方的请求，表示“我很乐意”。例如：——Would hold this for a moment?——With pleasure. 4．When Van Gogh was alive, nobody bought his paintings. But now rich people will _________ for one, sometimes more than five million dollars. A．fly off the handle B ．pay through the nose C．put their heads together D．pull each other’s leg 【答案】B 【分析】考查习语词义辨析。 【详解】句意：当那位有名的荷兰画家梵高还活着的时候，没有人要买他的画。可是，现在那些有钱人却愿意出高价买他的画，有时候一张画就要五百多万美元。 fly off the handle勃然大怒；pay through the nose付出过高的价钱；put one's heads together集思广益；pull each other's leg互相开玩笑．根据句意，故选B。 【点睛】考查习语短语词义辨析。弄清楚各个动词短语的词义，准确地翻译句子及备选答案，然后选择最符合题意的选项。 例如： 习 语 字面含义 实际意义 pandora’s box 潘多拉的盒子 灾祸之源 cast sheep’s eyes to someone 向某人投羊眼 向某人递秋波 on the carpet 在地毯上 在考虑中，受训斥 burry one’s head in the sand 把某人的头埋在沙子里 采取逃避态度 heads will roll 头要滚了 有人要倒霉了 由以上词例看出，尽管对习语中的每个词词义人们都非常熟悉，但是如果单单从字面的简单叠加来理解习语的深层含义或真正的引申含义却是走不通的，甚至会与原意相去甚远、大相径庭。印第安习语算得上是经过千锤百炼而形成的语言的精华部分，它带有强烈的民族色彩：feather in cap（炫耀）, get up from the wrong side of the bed (心情不好), meet one’s waterloo(遭遇惨败，败走麦城)，all at sea (茫然若失), to strike while the iron is hot (趁热打铁)等等而且它的使用也是非常广泛的，用于人们的日常生活，交际交流之中。 5．—I have been considering cancelling the project because it seems hard to go farther. —But it's too early to________ now. There's still much hope. A．pick up the pieces B．throw in the towel C．go through your paces D．jump down your throat 【答案】B 【详解】考查谚语辨析。句意：——我一直在考虑取消这个项目，因为似乎很难再做下去了。——但是现在认输还为时过早。还有很大的希望。根据There's still much hope.可知这里意思是“但是现在认输还为时过早。” A. pick up the pieces（跌倒后）重新爬起来；B. throw in the towel认输；C. go through your paces检查你的步伐；D. jump down your throat暴跳如雷，故选B。 6．—— Can I really get a Huawei Cell Phone as a reward if I win the race? —— Absolutely! ______. A．I mean it B．So will you C．I beg to differ D．You’ve got me there 【答案】A 【详解】考查情景交际。A. I mean it我是认真的；    B. So will you你也一样；C. I beg to differ恕我不能赞同；D. You’ve got me there你说对了。句意：——如果我赢得了比赛，我真的能得到一部华为手机作为奖励么？——必须的，我是认真的。根据“Absolutely!”判断此处表示“我是认真的”，故A项正确。 7．---How was your evening? ---We went to Joe’s and had ____. We really enjoyed ourselves. A．a white elephant B．a square meal C．a sacred cow D．the salt of the earth 【答案】B 【详解】考查俗语谚语。句意：—你怎么度过你的傍晚的？—我们去了Joe餐馆并享用了一顿美食，我们玩的很开心。A. a white elephant华而不实之物；B. a square meal一顿美食；C. a sacred cow神圣之物；D. the salt of the earth社会中坚力量或者社会中坚人群。故B选项正确。 8．—Edward, do you mind giving me a ride to the railway station? — . I’d be glad to. A．Yes, I do B．Of course not C．Never mind D．Go ahead 【答案】B 【详解】考查交易用语。句意：—爱德华，你介意载我去火车站吗?根据I’d be glad to.（我愿意）可知，此处表示“不介意”。A. Yes, I do是的，我介意；B. Of course not当然不（介意）；C. Never mind没关系；D. Go ahead好吧。故B选项正确。 9．—Believe it or not, I have just resigned. —_______ It’s a good company and you get a 6% pay rise every year. A．You what? B．So what? C．So long! D．You bet! 【答案】A 【详解】考查情景交际。A. You what?真的假的？（表示惊讶）    B. So what?那又怎么样？C. So long!太久了！D. You bet!你说对了！句意：——信不信由你，我刚辞职。——真的假的？这是一家好公司，你的工资每年增长6％。根据答语可知，第二人感到很吃惊，故A项正确。 【点睛】情景交际需要根据答语的口气判断说话者的态度，根据答语“It’s a good company and you get a 6% pay rise every year.”判断说话者感到非常吃惊（待遇这么好，你还辞职？），所以用You what?真的假的？表示说话者的惊讶之情。 10．—Have you heard that more flights from WuXi to Beijing are available this year? —Of course. Many citizens are ____ for it’s quite convenient for them to travel. A．green with envy B．feeling blue C．over the moon D．hot under the collar 【答案】C 【详解】考查习惯用语。A. green with envy非常嫉妒；B. feeling blue心情压抑；C. over the moon欣喜若狂；D. hot under the collar怒不可遏。句意：—你听说今年从无锡到北京的航班增加了吗?—当然。许多市民欣喜若狂，因为旅行非常方便。故C选项正确。 第二节 读下面一段对话,从方框中所给的 A、B、C、D、E、F和 G 七个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。(共5小题,每小题2分,满分10分) A．Of course. B．No, I haven’t. C． They’d like to talk to each other. D．It might change how we see animals. E. How can scientists tell what the whales are saying? F. What other animals do you think they should study? G. What would you ask your dog if you could talk to him? A: Have you heard about the new AI project that might help us talk to animals? B: 11 What’s it about? A: The project is using AI to study sperm whale (抹香鲸) sounds. B: Wow! 12 A: They think that the whales have a language with special clicks, and they believe that AI can help them understand it. B: That would be amazing! A: Yes. 13 B: For sure! If we understand them better, we might be able to protect them better. 14 A: Maybe dogs or cats! 15 B: I’d ask my dog why he keeps digging in the garden! 【答案】11．B 12．E 13．D 14．F 15．G 【导语】本文是一篇对话。文章主要是A和B的对话，围绕一项能帮助人类与动物交流的新AI项目展开，双方讨论了该项目对抹香鲸声音的研究、其对人类看待动物方式的影响，还谈及希望研究的其他动物以及如果能和宠物对话会询问的问题。 11．上文“Have you heard about the new AI project that might help us talk to animals?(你听说过那个可能帮助我们和动物交流的新人工智能项目吗？)”是一般疑问句，询问是否听说过相关AI项目。B选项“No, I haven’t.(不，我没有。)”是对该一般疑问句的否定回答，与下文“What’s it about?(它是关于什么的？)”衔接自然，符合语境。故选B项。 12．下文“They think that the whales have a language with special clicks, and they believe that AI can help them understand it.(他们认为鲸鱼拥有带有特殊咔嗒声的语言，并且相信人工智能能帮助他们理解这种语言。)”介绍了科学家判断抹香鲸交流方式的依据。E选项“How can scientists tell what the whales are saying?(科学家怎么知道鲸鱼在说什么？)”询问科学家如何知晓抹香鲸的表达内容，与下文构成问答关系，符合语境。故选E项。 13．下文“For sure! If we understand them better, we might be able to protect them better.(当然！如果我们能更好地理解它们，或许就能更好地保护它们。)”是对上文观点的认同，并阐述了理解动物的意义。D选项“It might change how we see animals.(它可能会改变我们看待动物的方式。)”指出该项目可能改变人类看待动物的方式，引出下文的赞同与补充，上下文逻辑连贯。故选D项。 14．下文“Maybe dogs or cats!(也许是狗或者猫！)”回答了希望研究的动物种类。F选项“What other animals do you think they should study?(你认为他们还应该研究其他什么动物？)”询问还应研究哪些动物，与下文构成问答关系，符合语境。故选F项。 15．下文“I’d ask my dog why he keeps digging in the garden!(我会问我的狗为什么总在花园里刨坑！)”回答了如果能和狗对话会询问的问题。G选项“What would you ask your dog if you could talk to him?(如果你能和你的狗说话，你会问它什么？)”与下文构成问答关系，符合语境。故选G项。 二、阅读理解(共20小题;每小题2分,满分40分) 阅读下列短文,从题后所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳答案。 A Azechhi Foods, a popcorn (爆米花) maker and specialty food wholesaler in Japan’s Kochi City, has become famous for using and selling popcorn not just as a snack but as a cushioning (缓冲) material. The company’s manager, Shihoko Wada, had been struggling to promote popcorn on Azechhi Foods’ online store where people mainly bought specialty food. She was inspired after attending a meeting in which an attendee used a packet of popcorn as a cushion. While it caused laughter from the audience, for Wada it was an eye-opener. Not only could the popcorn be used as a snack, but it was also an incredible opportunity to attract attention. Soon, Azechhi Foods launched a cushioning material called “Taberareru Kanshouzai”, using popcorn to fill packaging space. “Although popcorn is more expensive than conventional-cushioning materials like cardboard, it comes with a few definite advantages: Once it’s finished serving its purpose, it can be eaten, so it doesn’t become useless garbage. Above all, I thought that the customers who received it would be happy with the surprise. They would get a sense of value, and it would also help improve the company’s image,” Wada said. Wada’s idea was to package the popcorn in a bag that had “not edible (可食用的)” printed on it, only with the “not” crossed out, and then use the bags as a cushioning material in the packages they sent all over the country. People loved the idea and before long, photos of the bags started going viral on Japanese social media. Azechhi Foods soon started receiving orders from all sorts of businesses, like a company that sells used video games, a greengrocer, a wine seller, etc. As photos of its unique cushioning material went viral online, the number of orders increased. Azechhi Foods currently offers two package sizes — 40g and 13g — but Azechhi Foods hopes to start offering it in other sizes, as well as other styles of packaging to keep customers entertained. 16．What gave Wada the idea of launching Taberareru Kanshouzai? A．A meeting about promoting popcorn. B．A suggestion from her fellow worker. C．A customer’s complaint about packaging. D．A funny and unexpected use of popcorn. 17．What is an advantage of Taberareru Kanshouzai? A．It is low-cost. B．It is eco-friendly. C．It is really durable. D．It is visually pleasing. 18．What does Wada’s idea turn out to be? A．A success story. B．A worldwide trend. C．A win-win decision. D．A high-risk strategy. 19．What might Azechhi Foods plan to do next? A．Stop making popcorn cushions. B．Offer more sizes and packaging styles. C．Raise prices for popcorn cushions. D．Switch to cardboard packaging. 20．What can be the best title for the text? A．Popcorn: A Popular Food In Japan B．Stuff Packages With Popcorn And Eat It C．Wrap Your Popcorn Up And Snack On It D．Azechhi Foods: The Leading Popcorn Maker 【答案】16．D 17．B 18．C 19．B 20．B 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了日本Azechhi Foods公司将爆米花用作缓冲材料的创意举措。 16．细节理解题。根据第二段“She was inspired after attending a meeting in which an attendee used a packet of popcorn as a cushion. While it caused laughter from the audience, for Wada it was an eye-opener. (在一次会议上，一位与会者用一包爆米花当靠垫，她受到启发。这引得观众哄堂大笑，但对Wada来说却让她豁然开朗)”可知，爆米花一种有趣且意外的用途让Wada产生了推出Taberareru Kanshouzai的想法。故选D项。 17．细节理解题。根据第三段“Once it’s finished serving its purpose, it can be eaten, so it doesn’t become useless garbage. (一旦完成缓冲用途，它可以被吃掉，不会变成无用的垃圾)”可知，Taberareru Kanshouzai的优势是环保，不会产生垃圾。故选B项。 18．细节理解题。根据第四段“People loved the idea and before long, photos of the bags started going viral on Japanese social media. (人们很喜欢这个创意，不久后，这些包装袋的照片就在日本社交媒体上走红)”以及第五段“Azechhi Foods soon started receiving orders from all sorts of businesses, like a company that sells used video games, a greengrocer, a wine seller, etc. As photos of its unique cushioning material went viral online, the number of orders increased. (Azechhi Foods很快收到了各类商家的订单，比如一家销售二手电子游戏的公司、一家蔬菜水果店、一家葡萄酒销售商等。由于其独特的缓冲材料的照片在网上疯传，订单数量不断增加)”可知，Wada的想法既让顾客获得惊喜、提升了公司形象，又带来了订单增长，是双赢的决策。故选C项。 19．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Azechhi Foods currently offers two package sizes — 40g and 13g — but Azechhi Foods hopes to start offering it in other sizes, as well as other styles of packaging to keep customers entertained. (Azechhi Foods目前提供40克和13克两种包装规格，但该公司希望推出其他尺寸和包装样式，以增加顾客的新鲜感)”可知，Azechhi Foods接下来计划提供更多尺寸和包装样式。故选B项。 20．主旨大意题。第1段介绍了日本Azechhi Foods公司因将爆米花既当作零食又用作缓冲材料而闻名；第2段讲述了公司经理Wada的创意灵感来源；第3段提到名为Taberareru Kanshouzai的爆米花缓冲材料，并说明了其优势；第4段说明了该创意受到消费者喜爱，相关包装照片在日本社交媒体走红；第5段阐述了该创意带来的商业效果——各类商家纷纷下单，订单数量增长；第6段提及公司目前的包装规格，并计划推出更多尺寸和包装样式。由此可知，文章围绕Azechhi Foods用爆米花做缓冲材料、使用后可食用这一核心创意展开。由此可知，“Stuff Packages With Popcorn And Eat It (用爆米花填充包裹，之后还能吃掉它)”既涵盖了爆米花作缓冲材料的举措，又体现了可食用的特点，最适合作为文章标题。故选B项。 B Nicola Tesla was born on 10th July 1856 in Croatia. From a very young age, Tesla was interested in electricity. In 1881 Tesla moved to Budapest and got a job. It was there that Tesla first thought of the idea of the alternating current (交流电) (AC). In 1884, Tesla moved to America and worked for Thomas Edison. But Tesla worked for Edison for less than a year. Tesla was sure his AC motor was the best way to capture and transport the power of electricity. However, Edison thought his way of using direct current (DC) was better and considered AC unsafe. But soon the scientific community accepted AC was more powerful than DC and it was proved safe. In 1895, Tesla designed the first water power plant using the energy of the Niagara Falls. And he did it using the AC motor. After the success of AC, Tesla became well known. He travelled and spoke to many scientists about his inventions and ideas. He built a large laboratory. However, it burned down not long after it was built. As Tesla got older, he continued to come up with new ideas and theories. But he was less successful and famous. Many people didn’t recognize that particular inventions were really Tesla’s ideas. Tesla gave speeches about creating electrical power from the earth’s atmosphere. He also talked about ways that wireless electricity and communication could power things all over the world. But to the people of his time, these ideas sounded crazy. However, some of his ideas have now been supported by modern research and technology. Tesla’s last years were lonely and sad. He received many awards, but received very little money. When he died in 1943, he was no longer famous and felt forgotten. Today, not many people know the name of Nicola Tesla but his inventions and ideas affect our lives every day! 21．Why did Tesla stop working for Edison? A．Tesla was badly paid there. B．They had some disagreements. C．They had very different characters. D．Tesla wanted to move back to Europe. 22．Which of the following is the correct order about Tesla’s life experiences? a．Tesla’s lab burned down. b．Tesla worked for Edison. c．Tesla built a water power plant. d．Tesla moved to Budapest. A．d-b-c-a. B．d-b-a-c. C．b-d-c-a. D．b-c-d-a. 23．In his later years, Tesla ______. A．lived a colorful life B．was misunderstood and doubted C．was unable to think out new ideas D．earned a lot as an award-winning inventor 24．What can we learn from the text? A．Tesla became famous as an assistant to Edison. B．Tesla was way ahead of modern technology. C．Tesla had great interest in travelling. D．Tesla was not good at speeches. 25．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．Nicola Tesla, a challenger for difficulties B．Nicola Tesla, a dreamer in science C．Nicola Tesla, a forgotten inventor D．Nicola Tesla, a strange scientist 【答案】21．B 22．A 23．B 24．B 25．C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要介绍了发明家尼古拉·特斯拉的生平、科研成就、人生遭遇，以及其发明和想法对如今人们生活的深远影响。 21．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Tesla was sure his AC motor was the best way to capture and transport the power of electricity. However, Edison thought his way of using direct current (DC) was better and considered AC unsafe.(特斯拉确信他的交流电动机是获取和传输电能的最佳方式。然而，爱迪生认为他使用直流电的方法更好，并认为交流电是不安全的。)”可知，特斯拉和爱迪生在电流使用的问题上存在分歧，这是特斯拉不再为爱迪生工作的原因。故选B项。 22．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“In 1881 Tesla moved to Budapest and got a job.(1881年，特斯拉搬到布达佩斯并找到了一份工作。)”，第二段中的“In 1884, Tesla moved to America and worked for Thomas Edison.(1884年，特斯拉搬到美国，为托马斯·爱迪生工作。)”，第三段中的“In 1895, Tesla designed the first water power plant using the energy of the Niagara Falls.(1895年，特斯拉利用尼亚加拉大瀑布的能量设计了第一座水力发电站。)”和“He built a large laboratory. However, it burned down not long after it was built.(他建了一个大型实验室。然而，它建成后不久就被烧毁了。)”可知，事件的正确顺序为d-b-c-a。故选A项。 23．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“But he was less successful and famous. Many people didn’t recognize that particular inventions were really Tesla’s ideas.(但他不再那么成功和有名了。许多人都不知道某些发明其实是特斯拉的想法。)”和第五段中的“But to the people of his time, these ideas sounded crazy.(但对他那个时代的人来说，这些想法听起来很疯狂。)”可知，特斯拉晚年的想法不被当时的人理解，还受到了质疑。故选B项。 24．推理判断题。根据第五段中的“However, some of his ideas have now been supported by modern research and technology.(然而，他的一些想法现在得到了现代研究和技术的支持。)”可知，特斯拉的一些想法在他的时代不被认可，却在如今被证实，说明他的想法远超当时的科技水平，走在了现代科技的前面。故选B项。 25．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段中的“When he died in 1943, he was no longer famous and felt forgotten. Today, not many people know the name of Nicola Tesla but his inventions and ideas affect our lives every day!(1943年他去世时，已经不再出名，还感觉自己被遗忘了。如今，没有多少人知道尼古拉·特斯拉这个名字，但他的发明和想法却每天都在影响着我们的生活！)”可知，文章讲述了特斯拉的一生，重点突出了他生前和死后都不被太多人知晓的境遇，因此“被遗忘的发明家尼古拉·特斯拉”最适合作为文章标题。故选C项。 C Vivien He is a senior at a high school in Rolling Hills Estates. Growing up in Southern California, where earthquakes often happen, this 18-year-old girl has spent lots of time hiding under her school desk during earthquake drills. Although these ground tremors are slightly shaking, they are often unpredictable. Earthquake early warning systems do exist. One is the ShakeAlert system on the U. S. West Coast. Earthquake monitoring stations in the Shake Alert network detect ground shaking when a quake strikes. Those stations then alert people that the ground under them may soon start to shake. But it’s hard to predict how much the ground will shake at any given place. And people closest to an earthquake’s source are out of luck. They’ll feel the shaking before they can get an alert. Therefore, Vivien built an at-home earthquake sensor. Called the Qube, this device uses a motion sensor called a geophone (地震检波器) to feel tremors that may mark the beginning of a bigger quake. Then, it can warn users by sounding the alarm or sending text alerts. To build it, Vivien bought a machine and watched YouTube videos to learn how to use it. Then she went to work in a spare bathroom . During nine months of testing, Vivien’s Qube detected all earthquakes over magnitude 3 around Los Angeles. The motion data captured by her Qube also matched those from a nearby seismometer (地震仪) in the Southern California Seismic Network. Vivien is now building up a network of Qubes around Los Angeles. “I have eight devices in different homes,” she says. A widespread Qube network could serve as a role similar to that of Shake Alert seismic stations. When one Qube starts to shake, it could alert users across town to an oncoming quake. But unlike earthquake monitoring stations, Qubes are tiny and inexpensive. About the size of a Rubik’s cube, one Qube costs less than $100 to make. So, many more of them could be installed around a city. 26．What does the underlined word “tremors” mean in English? A．Small earthquakes. B．Big earthquakes. C．Huge seismometers. D．Mini geophones. 27．What can we learn about Vivien He when she was little? A．She used to like playing hide and seek in school. B．She was often at risk of experiencing an earthquake. C．She once got injured severely in an earthquake drill. D．She showed no interest in studying natural disasters. 28．Why does the author mention the ShakeAlert system? A．To prove the necessity of early earthquake monitoring stations. B．To compare ShakeAlert with Vivien’s Qube in terms of accuracy. C．To highlight the technological advancements in earthquake detection. D．To show the drawback of existing earthquake early warning systems. 29．What’s the main function of Vivien He’s device? A．Monitoring tremors and sending alarms. B．Collecting data about minor earthquakes. C．Predicting the center of an earthquake. D．Assessing the sizes of earthquakes. 30．What’s implied about the network of Qubes? A．It’s very challenging to build it. B．It has limitations in large cities. C．It can be easily applied at a low cost. D．It just requires eight devices in each place. 【答案】26．A 27．B 28．D 29．A 30．C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了美国一名高中女生Vivien He自制的一种地震感应器，它可以感应到一些可能引起更大地震的小地震，从而发出警报来警示用户。 26．词义猜测题。根据划线词所在句“Although these ground tremors are slightly shaking, they are often unpredictable.(尽管这些地面tremors震动幅度不大，但它们往往难以预测。)”中的“are slightly shaking”可知，这些地震震动幅度比较小，所以应该是一些小地震，tremors表示“小地震”。故选A。 27．细节理解题。根据第一段“Growing up in Southern California, where earthquakes often happen, this 18-year-old girl has spent lots of time hiding under her school desk during earthquake drills.(这个 18 岁的女孩在南加州长大，那里经常会发生地震。因此，在地震演练时，她总是会躲到学校的课桌下面。)”可知，Vivien从小就经常经历过地震的危险。故选B。 28．推理判断题。根据第二段中“One is the Shake Alert system on the U. S. West Coast. (其中之一是美国西海岸的ShakeAlert系统。)”、“But it’s hard to predict how much the ground will shake at any given place. And people closest to an earthquake’s source are out of luck. They’ll feel the shaking before they can get an alert.(但很难预测在任何特定地点地震的震感会有多强烈。而距离地震震源最近的人们则会倒霉了，因为他们会在接收到警报之前就已经感受到震动了。)”以及第三段中“Therefore, Vivien built an at-home earthquake sensor. Called the Qube, this device uses a motion sensor called a geophone (地震检波器) to feel tremors that may mark the beginning of a bigger quake. (因此，维维安建造了一个家用地震传感器。这种装置被称为Qube，它使用一种称为检波器的运动传感器来感知可能标志着更大地震开始的微小震动。)”对Vivien自制的地震感应器的介绍可知，作者提到ShakeAlert这个震动警报系统是为了展示现有的地震预报系统的缺点和不足之处。故选D。 29．细节理解题。根据第二段“Called the Qube, this device uses a motion sensor called a geophone(地震检波器) to feel tremors that may mark the beginning of a bigger quake. Then, it can warn users by sounding the alarm or sending text alerts.(这款名为‘Qube’的设备利用一种名为‘地震检波器’的运动传感器来感知可能预示更大地震发生的微小震动，随后，它会通过发出警报或发送短信通知等方式向用户发出警告。)”可知，Vivien He的设备的主要功能是监测小的地震，并向用户发出警报。故选A。 30．推理判断题。根据最后一段“But unlike earthquake monitoring stations, Qubes are tiny and inexpensive. About the size of a Rubik’s cube, one Qube costs less than $100 to make. So, many more of them could be installed around a city.(但与地震监测站不同的是，Qubes体积小巧且成本低廉，其大小约相当于一个魔方，制作一个Qubes的成本还不到100美元，因此，可以在城市周边安装更多的此类探测器。)”可知，Qubes可以很容易地以低成本应用。故选C。 D Modified floating wood could seed the formation of new sea ice in the Arctic, helping counteract the rapid decline of ice coverage due to global warming. The area of the Arctic Ocean covered by ice is shrinking as the climate warms, and it has been projected that the region will see its first ice-free summer day before 2030. The loss of ice leads to a vicious cycle: because the exposed water is darker than ice, it absorbs more of the sun’s heat, warming the water further and making it increasingly hard for ice to reform. This has led people to suggest various geoengineering plans to refreeze the water both in the Arctic and Antarctica. Now, Tian Li at Purdue University in West Lafayette, Indiana, and her colleagues are proposing modifying wood to help it seed the formation of new ice. “We choose wood because it’s a natural material,” says Li. “You see a lot of floating wood in ocean water and it raises much less of an environmental concern than things made of artificial materials.” To create the modified material, which they call ice-wood, the researchers took a 10-centimetre-square,1.5-centimetre-thick piece of American basswood (Tilia Americana) and cut a small chunk out of the middle. This chunk was placed on a hotplate so that one side carbonized, while the larger piece was treated with hydrogen peroxide（过氧化氢）and heat, removing much of a polymer（聚合物）called lignin. The two pieces were then put back together. Lignin gives wood its colour, so removing it makes that part of the wood whiter and better at reflecting light. The idea is that when the ice-wood floats in the sea, water is drawn up through natural microchannels. Sunlight then warms the dark, carbonized part of the surface, making the water there evaporate, after which it condenses on the colder, whiter part of the surface. During tests in ponds with water kept at about 2℃ (36°F), the top of a piece of floating ice-wood stayed below freezing, even when the air temperature reached between 7℃ and 8℃ (44.6°F and 46.4°F). Though covering the whole Arctic isn’t realistic, Li suggests that larger pieces of ice-wood could be used around coastal regions, where Indigenous people rely on ice to hunt fish, to speed up the ice coverage in winter and reduce ice loss in summer. But a big question remains about whether our focus should be on geoengineering approaches to prevent ice loss or on slowing the climate change that is causing it. “I find it strange to put so much energy into these ideas when we already know what is needed: reduced carbon dioxide emissions,” says Julienne Stroeve at University College London. 31．What is the main purpose of the “ice-wood” project? A．To clean the ocean water in the Arctic. B．To provide a new building material for coastal regions. C．To help new sea ice form in the Arctic. D．To study the behavior of seabirds in cold environments. 32．Which of the following situations best illustrates a similar “vicious cycle” as mentioned in the 2ⁿᵈ paragraph? A．A forest fire destroys trees→sunlight reaches the forest floor→new seedlings grow→the forest begins to recover. B．A student sleeps less to study more→poor sleep leads to lower concentration→needs more time to study the same material→sleeps even less. C．A farmer uses a new fertilizer→crop yield increases→the farmer earns more money→the farmer buys more land. D．A person gets a high-paying job→saves more money→makes various investments→poor investments lead to debt. 33．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage? A．The wood relies on creating a temperature difference to promote ice formation. B．Lignin is removed so as to make the wood darker and better at absorbing heat. C．The carbonized part directly freezes the surrounding seawater through rapid cooling. D．American basswood was chosen as the raw material for its exceptional durability. 34．Which of the following would be the most appropriate title for this passage? A．The Arctic Crisis: Causes and Global Consequences B．Refreezing the Arctic: The Science and Promise of Engineered Ice-Wood C．From Forest to Ocean: A New Material’s Role in the Arctic Environment D．Wood Against Warming: A Controversial Path to Save Arctic Ice 35．What is the author’s attitude towards the ice-wood project as reflected in the passage? A．Supportive B．Opposed C．Objective D．Suspicious 【答案】31．C 32．B 33．A 34．B 35．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍普渡大学团队研发“冰木”材料，旨在帮助北极形成新海冰以应对全球变暖导致的海冰减少，同时提及相关争议。 31．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Modified floating wood could seed the formation of new sea ice in the Arctic, helping counteract the rapid decline of ice coverage due to global warming.(经过改良的浮木可促进北极新海冰的形成，助力缓解因全球变暖导致的海冰覆盖面积快速缩减的问题。)”及第三段“Now, Tian Li at Purdue University in West Lafayette, Indiana, and her colleagues are proposing modifying wood to help it seed the formation of new ice.(如今，印第安纳州西拉法叶市普渡大学的Tian Li及其同事正提议对木材进行改造，以帮助其促成新海冰的形成)”可知，“冰木”项目的主要目的是帮助北极形成新海冰。故选C项。 32．推理判断题。根据第二段“The area of the Arctic Ocean covered by ice is shrinking as the climate warms, and it has been projected that the region will see its first ice-free summer day before 2030. The loss of ice leads to a vicious cycle: because the exposed water is darker than ice, it absorbs more of the sun’s heat, warming the water further and making it increasingly hard for ice to reform. This has led people to suggest various geoengineering plans to refreeze the water both in the Arctic and Antarctica.(随着气候变暖，北冰洋的冰盖面积正在不断缩小，据预测，该地区将在 2030 年前迎来首个无冰夏日。海冰的消融会引发一个恶性循环：由于裸露的海水比冰颜色更深，它会吸收更多太阳热量，进一步使海水升温，导致冰体愈发难以重新形成。这促使人们提出了各类地球工程计划，旨在让北冰洋和南极洲的海水重新冻结)”可知，“恶性循环”指北极海冰减少→裸露海水吸收更多太阳热量→水温升高→海冰更难形成→海冰进一步减少，即一个负面结果会引发连锁反应，导致情况持续恶化。B项“学生为多学习而少睡觉→睡眠不足导致注意力下降→学习相同内容需更多时间→睡得更少”符合这一逻辑。故选B项。 33．细节理解题。根据第六段中的“Sunlight then warms the dark, carbonized part of the surface, making the water there evaporate, after which it condenses on the colder, whiter part of the surface.(阳光随后加热表面深色的碳化部分，使那里的水分蒸发，之后在较冷的白色部分凝结)”及第七段“During tests in ponds with water kept at about 2℃ (36℉), the top of a piece of floating ice-wood stayed below freezing, even when the air temperature reached between 7℃ and 8℃ (44.6℉and 46.4℉).(在水温保持在约 2℃（36 华氏度）的池塘中进行测试时，即便空气温度达到 7℃至 8℃（44.6 华氏度至 46.4 华氏度），漂浮的冰木顶部依然保持在冰点以下)”可知，“冰木”依靠表面碳化部分与去木质素部分的温度差促进冰的形成。故选A项。 34．主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第一段“Modified floating wood could seed the formation of new sea ice in the Arctic, helping counteract the rapid decline of ice coverage due to global warming.(经过改造的浮木或能促成北极新海冰的形成，助力抵消因全球变暖导致的冰盖面积快速缩减)”文章核心围绕“冰木”这一工程材料展开，介绍其研发背景、制作原理、实验效果及应用前景，同时提及相关争议。B项“让北极重新结冰：工程化冰木的科学与前景”能全面概括核心内容,为最佳标题。故选B项。 35．推理判断题。作者在文中介绍了 “冰木” 项目的研发背景、原理、测试结果和应用建议，同时也引用了朱莉安娜・斯特罗伊夫的观点，指出该地球工程方案与减少碳排放之间的争议。全文没有体现出作者个人的支持、反对或怀疑态度，只是客观陈述事实和不同观点。因此作者的态度是客观的。故选C项。 三、完形填空(共10小题;每小题1分,满分10分) 阅读下列短文,从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 The East African country of Kenya has been at the forefront of the global war on plastic since 2017, when officials banned plastic bags. In June 2020, the government intensified the efforts with a ban on single-use plastics in protected areas. Unfortunately, the measures have 36 made any impact. Hundreds of tons of industrial and consumer polymer (聚合物) waste continue to get 37 into landfills daily. However, if 29-year-old Nzambi Matee has her way, the unpleasant plastic heaps will soon be transformed into colourful bricks. The material engineer’s search to find a(n) 38 solution to control plastic pollution began in 2017. She quit her job as a data analyst at a local chemical factory and set up a small lab in her mother’s backyard. It took her nine months to produce the first brick and even longer to 39 a partner to help build the machinery to make them. But the determined eco-entrepreneur was confident in her idea and did not give up. She says, “I wanted to use my education in applied physics and material engineering to do something about the problem of plastic waste pollution. But I was very 40 that the solution had to be practical, sustainable, and affordable. The best way to do this was by 41 the waste into the construction and finding the most efficient and affordable material to build homes.” Her company, Gjenge Makers, now hires 112 people and produces over 1,500 bricks a day. The pavers (铺路材料) are made using a mix of plastic products that cannot be reprocessed or recycled. The polymer is obtained 42 from factories or picked by hired locals from Nairobi’s largest landfill, Dandora. The collected plastic is 43 with sand, heated at very high temperatures, and compressed into bricks that vary in colour and thickness. The resulting product is stronger, lighter, and about 30 percent cheaper than concrete bricks. Matee, who was recently recognized as one of the Young Champions of the Earth 2020 — the United Nations’ highest environmental 44 — is far from done. Her dream is to reduce the mountain of trash in Dandora to just a hill by increasing production and expanding her offerings. She says, “The more we recycle the plastic, the more we produce affordable housing, and the more we create 45 for the youth.” 36．A．barely B．nearly C．mildly D．equally 37．A．leaked B．turned C．loaded D．dumped 38．A．personal B．orderly C．feasible D．adjustable 39．A．remind B．convince C．assure D．direct 40．A．clear B．fair C．bold D．mature 41．A．enclosing B．distributing C．channelling D．reversing 42．A．distantly B．openly C．secretly D．directly 43．A．replaced B．mixed C．equipped D．fixed 44．A．level B．grant C．diploma D．honour 45．A．employment B．experiment C．entertainment D．investment 【答案】 36．A 37．D 38．C 39．B 40．A 41．C 42．D 43．B 44．D 45．A 【导语】本文为一篇记叙文，介绍了Nzambi Matee将塑料垃圾变为彩色砖块的想法及她为解决塑料污染问题所做的努力。 36．考查副词词义辨析。句意：不幸的是，这些措施几乎没有产生任何影响。A. barely几乎不；B. nearly几乎；C. mildly温和地；D. equally平等地。根据前文“In June 2020, the government intensified the efforts with a ban on single-use plastics in protected areas.”及“Unfortunately”可知，前文提到的措施没有成功，此处表示否定，用barely。故选A项。 37．考查动词词义辨析。句意：每天仍有数百吨工业和消费聚合物废物被倾倒到垃圾填埋场。A. leaked泄露；B. turned转动、变得；C. loaded装载；D. dumped倾倒。根据“Hundreds of tons of industrial and consumer polymer waste continue to get ____2____ into landfills daily.”可知，每天很多的塑料垃圾还是被倾倒到垃圾场。故选D项。 38．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这位材料工程师从2017年开始寻找控制塑料污染的可行解决方案。A. personal个人的；B. orderly有条理的；C. feasible可行的；D. adjustable可调节的。根据下文“She quit her job as a data analyst at a local chemical factory and set up a small lab in her mother’s backyard.”及“solution to control plastic pollution”可知，Matee一直在致力于寻找解决塑料污染的可行性方案。故选C项。 39．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她花了9个月的时间制作第一块砖，甚至花了更长的时间说服合作伙伴帮助建造制造砖块的机器。A. remind提醒；B. convince说服；C. assure确保；D. direct指导。根据“It took her nine months to produce the first brick and even longer to”可知，首先，Matee花时间制作砖块，然后花了更多的时间说服合伙人建造机器设备。故选B项。 40．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但我很清楚，解决方案必须是实用的、可持续的、负担得起的。A. clear清楚的；B. fair公平的；C. bold大胆的；D. mature成熟的。根据“that the solution had to be practical, sustainable, and affordable.”可知，Matee很清楚解决方案需要实用、可持续、能负担。故选A项。 41．考查动词词义辨析。句意：要做到这一点，最好的方法是将废物引入建筑中，并找到最有效和最实惠的材料来建造房屋。A. enclosing包围；B. distributing分发；C. channelling引入，输送；D. reversing逆转。根据“the waste into the construction and finding the most efficient and affordable material to build homes”可知，这是Matee想到的最佳方案，将废物引入到建筑中来建造房屋。故选C项。 42．考查副词词义辨析。句意：这种聚合物直接从工厂获得，或者雇佣当地人从内罗毕最大的丹多拉垃圾填埋场挑选。A. distantly遥远地；B. openly公开地；C. secretly秘密地；D. directly直接地。根据“from factories or picked by hired locals from Nairobi’s largest landfill, Dandora”可知，这句表示塑料废物的来源，要么直接从工厂拿，要么就是从垃圾场获得。故选D项。 43．考查动词词义辨析。句意：收集的塑料与沙子混合，在非常高的温度下加热，并压缩成不同颜色和厚度的砖。A. replaced替换；B. mixed混合；C. equipped装备；D. fixed固定的。根据“heated at very high temperatures, and compressed into bricks that vary in colour and thickness”可知，由于要建造砖头，所以塑料里要混合沙子。故选B项。 44．考查名词词义辨析。句意：Matee最近被公认为“2020年地球青年卫士”之一，这是联合国最高的环境荣誉。A. level水平；B. grant拨款；C. diploma文凭；D. honour荣誉。根据“the Young Champions of the Earth 2020—the United Nations’ highest environmental”可知，这是联合国的最高环境荣誉称号。故选D项。 45．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们回收的塑料越多，我们建造的经济适用房就越多，我们为年轻人创造的就业机会也就越多。A. employment就业；B. experiment试验；C. entertainment娱乐；D. investment投资。根据“The more we recycle the plastic, the more we produce affordable housing, and the more we create”可知，Matee通过回收塑料，就能帮助建房，这样就能创造就业机会。故选A项。 四、语法填空(共10小题;每小题1分,满分10分) 阅读下列短文,在空白处填入一个适当的词,或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式,并将答案写在对应处。 China’s first domestically made passenger jet (喷气式飞机) flew 46 (it) first successful commercial flight on Sunday, marking a milestone 47 the nation’s decades-long effort to compete with industry giants such as Boeing and Airbus in the global aircraft market. The C919 plane, carrying about 130 passengers on the flight, was built by the Commercial Aircraft Corporation of China (COMAC). 48 (operate) by state-owned China Eastern Airlines, the jet took off on Sunday morning from Shanghai Hongqiao Airport and landed less than two hours later in Beijing. Passengers received special red boarding passes 49 enjoyed a themed meal to commemorate the flight. “I’m confident about the plane. The flight was 50 (smooth) than expected,” one of the passengers said. The flight comes as COMAC seeks 51 (break) into the jet market in a direct challenge to Airbus and Boeing. Airbus’s A320 and Boeing’s B737 jets are the most popular aircraft 52 (typical) used on domestic and regional routes. The C919, 53 had been in development for 16 years, has 54 maximum range of about 5,630 kilometers and is designed to carry between 158 and 168 passengers. It made its first flight in 2017 and had conducted numerous test 55 (flight) before Sunday’s first commercial flight. The company plans to build 150 C919 planes each year in the next five years. Over 1,200 C919 jets have been ordered, COMAC says. 【答案】 46．its 47．in 48．Operated 49．and 50．smoother 51．to break 52．typically 53．which 54．a 55．flights 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了中国首架国产客机C919成功完成首次商业飞行，标志着中国在全球飞机市场与波音和空客等巨头竞争的努力取得了里程碑式的进展。 46．考查代词。句意：周日，中国首架国产客机成功完成了首次商业飞行，标志着中国数十年来在全球飞机市场与波音和空客等行业巨头竞争的努力取得了里程碑式的进展。空格处修饰名词flight，应用形容词性物主代词its。故填its。 47．考查介词。句意：周日，中国首架国产客机成功完成了首次商业飞行，标志着中国数十年来在全球飞机市场与波音和空客等行业巨头竞争的努力取得了里程碑式的进展。表示“在……方面取得里程碑式的进展”短语为mark a milestone in。故填in。 48．考查非谓语动词。句意：这架由国有东方航空运营的客机，于周日上午从上海虹桥机场起飞，不到两小时后降落在北京。operate与其逻辑主语the jet构成被动关系，用过去分词作状语，句首单词首字母要大写。故填Operated。 49．考查连词。句意：乘客收到特别红色登机牌，并享用主题餐以纪念这次飞行。空格处连接并列的谓语动词received和enjoyed，用连词and连接。故填and。 50．考查比较级。句意：“我对这架飞机很有信心。飞行比预期的更平稳，”其中一名乘客说。根据后文than expected可知，用比较级smoother“更平稳的”。故填smoother。 51．考查非谓语动词。句意：此次飞行正值中国商用飞机公司（COMAC）寻求进入喷气式飞机市场，直接挑战空客和波音。表示“寻求做某事”用seek to do sth.，本空用不定式作宾语。故填to break。 52．考查副词。句意：空客的A320和波音的B737喷气式飞机是国内和地区航线上最常用的飞机。修饰动词used，应用副词typically“通常地；典型地”，作状语。故填typically。 53．考查定语从句。句意：C919已经开发了16年，最大航程约为5630公里，设计载客量为158至168人。本空引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词The C919，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，指物，用关系代词which引导。故填which。 54．考查冠词。句意：C919已经开发了16年，最大航程约为5630公里，设计载客量为158至168人。表示“最大航程”用have a maximum range of， maximum以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a修饰，表示泛指。故填a。 55．考查名词的数。句意：它于2017年首次飞行，并在周日首次商业飞行前进行了多次试飞。flight“飞行”为可数名词，由numerous修饰，应用复数形式。故填flights。 五、书面表达(满分20分) 当今世界科技发展日新月异，各种新产品、新事物不断产生。随着人们生活水平的提高，这些发明创造给人们的生活带来了各种影响，现就发明的利弊写一篇作文。 要求： 1、词数不少于80； 2、可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 With the rapid development of science and technology, more and more inventions are made. People’s lives have been greatly changed. However, everything has two sides, so the new inventions also have advantages and disadvantages. First of all, it makes our life more convenient. For example, high-speed railways can save us a lot of time. What’s more, it makes us learn much more about the earth. However, the inventions bring harm for us. It also makes some of us be lazy because life is too comfortable. Above all, we should make full use of the inventions and do our best to reduce its disadvantages. 【导语】本篇书面表达属于开放性作文，要求考生就发明的利弊写一篇短文。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 快速的：rapid→quick 例如：for example→for instance 给……带来伤害：bring harm for→do harm to 充分利用：make full use of→make the best of 2. 句式拓展 同义句转换 原句：With the rapid development of science and technology, more and more inventions are made. 拓展句：As science and technology develops rapidly, more and more inventions are made. 【点睛】【高分句型1】It also makes some of us be lazy because life is too comfortable.(使用了“make+宾语+宾补”结构、because引导原因状语从句) 【高分句型2】Above all, we should make full use of the inventions and do our best to reduce its disadvantages. (使用了and连接并列句和不定式作目的状语) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 ( 1 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $