专题02 祈使句、方位介词及一般过去时（期中复习讲义）七年级英语下学期新教材仁爱科普版

专题02 祈使句、方位介词及一般过去时（期中复习讲义） 内 容 导 航 考情透视·目标导航 透析期中考向，锚定备考重心 知识梳理·方法技巧 梳理核心脉络，扫除知识盲区 知识点01 祈使句 知识点02 方位介词 知识点03 一般过去时 考场练兵·分层实战 阶梯实战演练，验收复习成效 考情透视·目标导航 常考题型 内容要点 命题趋势 单项选择 语法选择 语法填空 …… 1. 祈使句； 2. 方位介词； 3. 一般过去时； 1. 祈使句：从直接命令到灵活使用 趋势看点：基础直接考法减少，更强调在不同交际场景（如请求、建议、禁止）中的恰当使用。单项选择、完形填空是常见考查形式，在情景对话和书面表达中也会涉及。 2. 方位介词：从位置描述到精准辨析 趋势看点：作为介词考查的重点（占语法题20%-25%），越来越注重在问路、描述社区环境等生活场景中考查介词短语的使用。 3. 一般过去时：时间轴上的“过去时态”主力 趋势看点：在中考时态题中占比高达27%，稳居第一。基础语法题减少，更多地与时态辨析、被动语态等结合，在具体语境中考查。 知识梳理·方法技巧 祈使句 1.定义：祈使句是用于表示请求、命令、劝告、建议、警告等的句子。 通常以动词原形开头，没有时态和数的变化。 其具体结构如下： 类型 肯定结构及例句 否定结构及例句 Do型 动词原形＋其他：Open the door. Don’t ＋动词原形＋其他：Don’t stand up！ Be型 Be＋表语：Be quiet！ Don’t＋be＋表语：Don’t be late for class！ Let型 Let＋宾语＋动词原形＋其他：Let’s have another try. Don’t ＋let＋宾语＋动词原形＋其他：Don’t let the boy draw here. Let＋宾语＋not＋动词原形＋其他：Let’s not wait outside the gate. Never型 —— Never＋动词原形：Never leave today’s work till tomorrow. No型 —— No＋名词/动名词：No parking！ 【拓展】 1.Let’s开头的祈使句，其答语通常为“Good idea./OK.”等。其他祈使句的答语通常用一般将来时。否定祈使句的答语常用“Sorry/No， I won’t （do it again）.”等。如： －Let’s go to the park. －Good idea. －Please remember to bring my notebook to school. －OK， I will. 2.“祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句（表结果）”结构，可转换为含if引导的条件状语从句的复合句。 如： Work harder， and you will find it not difficult to learn.＝If you work harder， you will find it not difficult to learn. 再努力些，你就会发现学习并不难。 3. 否定形式的两种表达 Don't + 动词原形（最常用）：Don't run in the hallways. No + 动名词（常用于标识）：No smoking. No parking. 典例 1．Don’t ride the bike too fast on the road, ________ you may get hurt. A．and B．or C．but D．unless 2．________ in the classroom! You can only eat in the dining hall. A．Not-eat B．Eat C．Eating D．Don’t eat 3．Mike, ________ eat in the classroom! A．not B．doesn’t C．don’t D．can’t 4．John, ________ the road when the traffic light turns red. It’s very dangerous. A．doesn’t cross B．not to cross C．don’t cross D．not cross 5．________ carefully before you walk across the road. A．Look B．Looking C．Looked D．To look 易｜错｜警｜示 祈使句，用原形，否定 Don't 加原形； Let's 不带 to，反意 shall we 要记住； and / or 接将来，No 后面加 -ing； please 前后都一样，动词原形别变形。 即时检测 1．—Frank, ________ late for school again! —I’m so sorry, Miss Zhang. I will get up earlier next time. A．doesn’t be B．isn’t C．don’t be D．is 2．—________ park your car on the road. —Sorry, sir. I’ll put it somewhere else. A．Don’t B．No C．Can’t 3．Boys and girls, please ________ in the classroom. It’s time for class. A．don’t run B．run C．to run D．not running 4．—Let’s ________ to the movies tonight. —That sounds great. A．go B．goes C．going D．to go 5．________ balanced meals. It’s a good way to help you stay healthy. A．Eating B．To eat C．Eat D．Eats 6．—Please ________ the books now! It’s in a mess. —OK, Mom. A．Putting away B．put away C．to put away D．puts away 7．—________ trying and do your best. —OK, I will. A．Keep B．Keeping C．To keep 8．________ less time on the phone at night, or you will find it hard to fall asleep. A．Spend B．Spending C．To spend 9．Wash your hands before meals, ________ you may get ill A．and B．or C．but D．so 10．Don’t jump to conclusions, ________ you may make a mistake. A．and B．so C．or D．for 方位介词 方位介词：用于表示物体之间的位置关系，是介词考查中的重点（占语法题20%-25%）。 （1） 表示场所的介词：at, in, on, under, by, near, between, around, opposite （2） 表示方向的介词：into, out of, along, across, through, up, past ①at, in at在某地（表示比较狭窄的场所） at school上学 at home在家 stand at the door站在门边 at a factory在一家工厂 at the bottom of在……下面 at the party在聚会上 at the end of在……末尾 at the table在桌旁 at the station在火车站 at the crossroads在十字路口 at work在上班 at the bus stop在公共汽车站 ►I’ ll meet him at the Beijing railway station. 我将去北京站接他。 in在某地（表示比较宽敞的场所） in Beijing在北京 in the world在世界上 in the house在房子里 ►His brother is in prison and was arrested 2 years ago. 他哥哥两年前被捕现在在监狱中服刑。 ►She was born in China.她是在中国出生的。 ②on, above, over, under, below on在……上面，有接触面。 on the desk在桌子上面；on the map在地图上。 on在……靠近……的地方 on the right在右边 on the screen在屏幕上 on the river在河边 on the farm在农场 on the floor在地板上 on the island/beach在岛上/海滨 on the pavement在人行道上 above在……上方 ►Our plane flew above the clouds.我们的飞机在云端上飞行。 over在……正上方，是under的反义词 ►There is a light over Li Ming.李明的正上方有一盏灯。 ►A few birds were flying over the sea.有几只鸟在海上飞。 ►under在……下面；在……之内 under the table桌子下面 under the jacket在夹克内 ►The dog is under the table.这只狗在桌子下面。 below在……下方（不一定是正下方） 正下方是under，below是above的反义词。 ►There are a lot of fishes below the surface of the water.水面下有许多各式各样的鱼。 ③near, by near近的，不远的 near=not far，是far的反义词。near还可以指时间。 in the near future在不久的将来 ►Is there a bus stop near here? 这儿附近有公共汽车站吗？ by在……旁边，距离比near要近 by the window在窗户旁边 by me在我旁边 ►The boy is standing by the window. 这个男孩正站在窗户旁边。 ④ between, among, around between在两者之间 ►My teacher is sitting between Tom and Mike.我们的老师正坐在汤姆和迈克之间。 ►What’ s the difference between A and B? A和B之间有什么区别？ among在三者或更多的之中 ►There is a beautiful house among the trees.在树林之中有一间漂亮的房子。 ►He is very popular among the students.他在学生之中很受欢迎（很出名）。 around环绕，在……周围，在……四周 ►We sat around the table.我们在桌子四周坐下来。 ►The earth moves around the sun.地球围绕太阳转。 ⑤ in front of，behind，opposite in front of早……的前面；在……的前部 ►There is a tree in front of the house. ►There is a big desk for the teacher in the front of the classroom. 在教室的前部有一张大讲桌。 behind在……后面 behind是in front of的反义词 ►There is a tree behind my house. 我家房子后面有一颗树。 ►There is a tree at the back of my house.我家房子后面有一棵树。 opposite在……对面 ►Our school is opposite a university,我们学校在一所大学的对面。 ►He stood opposite me.他站在我对面。 ⑥ in, into, out of, up in在……之内，用于表示静止的位置 ►The students are in the classroom.学生们在教室里。 into进入用于表有特定终点的运动的方向。通常用于表示动作的动词之后,如go, come, walk, run等。 ►The students run into the classroom.学生们跑进教室。 ►He jumped into the water.他跳入水中。 out of和into一样，也表示有一定的运动方向 ►The students rushed out of the room.学生们冲出房间。 out of的基本含义：从……到外面，离开；在……范围之外；从（某个数）之中 up移动 ►The children climbed up the tree.孩子们爬上了树。 ⑦ along, across, past, through along沿着 ►I was walking along the river when it began to rain.我正沿着河边散步，突然下起雨来了。 across横过 ►I often swim across the river.我常游泳横渡这条河。 past经过 ►Every day he runs past the city hall.他每天跑步经过市政府。 through贯穿，通过 ►The sun shone through the clouds.阳光穿过云层照射下来。 ►The river was through the city.这条河穿过这个城市。 最易混淆组：across vs through vs over 易混词 核心区别 例句 across 从表面横穿（马路、桥、广场） swim across the river（横渡水面） through 从内部/三维空间穿过（森林、隧道、人群） drive through the tunnel over 从上方越过（围栏、山） climb over the wall 典例 1．There are some flowers _________ the shop. The boy is _________ the shop. A．behind; inside B．in front of; outside C．behind; outside D．in front of; next to 2．Our school is ________ the park. That’s why the air here is always fresh. A．next to B．between C．above D．below 3．The bookshop is on ________ side of the street. You must go ________ the road to buy books. A．other; across B．the other; across C．other; through D．the other; through 4．Taiwan lies ________ the southeast of China, and it is ________ the east of Fujian. A．on; to B．in; to C．in; in D．in; on 5．The old man likes sitting ________ some children to tell interesting stories when he is free. A．among B．from C．between D．front 解｜题｜技｜巧 内 in 外 to 接壤 on 表面 across 内 through 正上 over 正下 under 两者 between 多者 among 外前 in front of 内前加 the 树上 on 来鸟用 in 墙上 on 来窗用 in 即时检测 1．—Where are we going to have a picnic? —I know there are some beautiful parks ________ the Yangtze River. A．across B．over C．along D．through 2．Look at the picture, the girl is reading ________ the tree. A．in B．on C．below D．under 3．My friend Amy lives on the top floor, and I live two floors _______ her. A．above B．over C．under D．below 4．Sandy lives ______ her school. So she often walks to school. A．next to B．above C．outside D．under 5．—Shirley, does Tom live two floors ________ you in the building? —Yes. I can see his balcony when I look down. A．below B．over C．among D．between 6．—Why are you standing there, Maggie? —I can’t see the blackboard clearly. Two tall boys are sitting ___________ me. A．behind B．in front of C．next to D．beside 7．Shenzhen lies ________ the south of China but ________ the south of Guangzhou. A．in; to B．on; to C．to; on D．on; in 8．Our school is ______ the park. That’s why the air here is always fresh. A．next to B．between C．among D．through 9．I can’t see the words on the blackboard because there is a tall boy ________ me. A．next to B．across C．in front of D．behind 10．There is a river _________ the two towns. __________ the river there is an old bridge. A．in; In B．between; Over C．between; On D．outside; Under 一般过去时 (1)概念：表示过去某一时间发生的动作或存在的状态。 (2)用法： ①表示过去某个时间点或某一段时间内发生的动作或存在的状态。 表示过去经常或反复发生的动作，常和频率副词连用。 (3) 基本形式: ①谓语动词是be动词的一般过去时 ②谓语动词是实义动词（行为动词）的一般过去时 一般过去时的句式： (1)含有be动词的一般过去时的句式 句式 结构 例句 肯定句 主语+be动词(was/were)+其他. I was late for school yesterday.我昨天上学迟到了。 否定句 主语+wasn't(was not)/weren't(were not)+其他. I wasn't late for school yesterday.我昨天上学没迟到。 句式 结构 例句 一般疑问 句及其简 略回答 Was/Were+主语+其他? 肯定回答:Yes,主语+was/were. 否定回答:No,主语+wasn't/weren't. —Were you late for school yesterday?你昨天上学迟到了吗? —Yes, I was./No, I wasn't.是的,我迟到了。/不,我没迟到。 特殊疑 问句 特殊疑问词+was/were+主语+其他? 特殊疑问词(主语)+was/were+其他? Why were you late for school yesterday?你昨天为什么上学迟到了? Who was late for school yesterday?昨天谁上学迟到了? (2)含有实义动词的一般过去时的句式 句式 结构 例句 肯定句 主语+实义动词的过去式+其他. I went to school yesterday.我昨天去上学了。 否定句 主语+didn't+实义动词的原形+其他. I didn't go to school yesterday.我昨天没去上学。 一般疑问 句及其简 略回答 Did+主语+实义动词的原形+其他? 肯定回答:Yes,主语+did. 否定回答:No,主语+didn't. —Did you go to school yesterday?你昨天去上学了吗? —Yes, I did./No, I didn't.是的,我去了。/不,我没去。 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词+did+主语+实义动词的原形+其他? 特殊疑问词(主语)+实义动词的过去式+其他? How did you go to school yesterday?你昨天怎么去上学的? Who went to school yesterday?昨天谁去上学了? 一般过去时具体用法 ①表示在过去发生的一次性动作或习惯性动作或存在的状态，常用yesterday，last year，in 1995，the other day等作时间状语。 例1. The other day I came across an old friend on the top of Mount Tai. 前几天，我在泰山顶上偶然遇到了一位老朋友。 例2.He came to work here two weeks ago. 他两周前来这儿上班的。 ②表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。 例1.When I was a child, I often played football in the street. 我小时候，经常在大街上踢足球。 例2.Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome. Brown 妇访问期间，不论走到哪里，都受到了热烈的欢迎。 ③用于固定句型中。 It is/has been＋一段时间＋since...did sth.自从做某事已经一段时间了 would/had rather sb. did sth.宁愿某人做某事 例1.It is time you went to bed. 到了你上床睡觉的时间了。 例2.I’d rather you came tomorrow. 我宁愿你明天来。 例3.It is time that we took action to protect our environment. 该到我们采取措施保护环境的时候了。 ④wish, wonder, think, hope等用过去时，作试探性的询问、请求、建议等。 例1.I thought you might have some. 我原以为你会有一些的。 例2.Sorry, I didn’t see the sign over there. 对不起，我（刚才）没看见那边的指示牌。 ⑤在时间状语从句、条件状语从句中代替过去将来时。 例1.He said he would not go if it rained. 他说要是下雨，他就不去。 例2.He said he would tell her about the news as soon as he met her. 他说他一见到她就把这个消息告诉她。 ⑥有些句子，虽然没有明确的表示过去的时间状语，但实际上指的是过去发生的动作或状态，也要用一般过去时。常见的此类动词有know, think, expect等，表示＂本来认为＂。 例1.I didn’t expect to meet you here. 我没想到会在这儿遇到你。 例2.I thought he had heard the news. 我原以为他已经听说了这个消息。 典例 1．My friends and I __________ football last Sunday. A．play B．will play C．played D．plays 2．—What did you do during the Dragon Boat Festival? —I ________ the boat races on TV and read books. A．watch B．watched C．am watching D．will watch 3．My sister ________ a new dress yesterday. A．buy B．buys C．bought D．will buy 4．—Where ________ you ________ last weekend? —I went to Beijing with my parents. A．do; go B．did; go C．will; go D．are; going 5．Claire ________ a lovely mascot for the school sports meeting last term. A．designed B．designs C．is designing D．will design 即时检测 1．Simon is very tall now, but he _______ short. A．used to be B．used to being C．is used to be D．is used to being 2．—________ you ________ down your thoughts in your diary last night? —No, I was too tired. A．Do; write B．Did; write C．Do; wrote D．Did; wrote 3．Tim ________ his breath for a long time when he saw the snake. A．holds B．held C．is holding D．will hold 4．He ________ the championship of the game on 15 August, 2024. A．win B．won C．wins D．has won 5．Many tourists in Hainan ________ the launch of Tianzhou-7 on January 17, 2024. A．watch B．watched C．are watching D．will watch 6．________ you ________ the movie last weekend? A．Do; watch B．Did; watched C．Did; watch D．Were; watch 7．—How was your school tour of the science museum last Sunday? —Wonderful. I________ how to make a lantern from the art teacher. A．am learning B．learned C．learn D．will learn 8．Many people ________ shopping in the supermarket yesterday. A．go B．goes C．went D．is going 9．I used to ________ many hours on the cellphone, but now I don’t. A．spending B．spend C．spends D．spent 10．—You can’ t take photos here. The sign (标志) says “No Photos” — Sorry. I ________ see it. A．don’t B．wasn’t C．didn’t D．won’t 考场练兵·分层实战 基础通关练（测试时间：10分钟） 一、单项选择 1．________ the door, please. It’s too cold. A．Open B．Opening C．Close D．Closing 2．—What rules do you have at school, Alice? —We have many rules at school. For example, ________ run in the hallways. A．not B．doesn’t C．don’t 3．—What does the sign mean? —It means “________”. A．No park B．No parking C．Not park D．Not parking 4．Let’s _________ some icebreakers for the new students. A．make B．making C．made D．makes 5．________ in the river. It’s dangerous. A．Don’t swim B．Not swim C．Not swimming 6．There is a river ________ the two villages, and it’s different from the one ________ my home, which is ________ the mountain. A．among; in; on B．between; beside; under C．between; on; above D．among; behind; over 7．There is a river ________ the two villages. A．between B．among C．in D．on 8．Look, the man looks so short ________ all the girls. A．in B．on C．among D．between 9．Japan is ________ the northeast of China. Russia is ________ the north of China. A．to; on B．on; in C．in; to D．to; in 10．In the end, Diana found the set of keys ________ the old newspapers (报纸). A．about B．among C．across D．along 11．Look at the picture. There is a bird cage ________ the boy’s head. A．above B．behind C．on D．beside 12．To find the treasure, you should swim ________ a big river and then get through the forest. A．across B．through C．past D．below 13．Nanjing is ________ the east of China and China is ________ the west of Japan. A．in; in B．to; to C．in; to D．to; in 14．He ________ me ________ him with his English. A．promised; helping B．promised; help C．promised; to help D．promised; helped 15．My grandfather ________ read classic novels before sleeping, but now he likes listening to the radio. A．is used to B．used to C．was used to D．uses to 16．While I _______ dinner last night, my friend _______ me a message. A．cooked; sent B．was cooking; sent C．cook; was sending D．am cooking; sends 17．She ________ to visit her grandparents last weekend because she missed them very much. A．will decide B．is deciding C．decided D．decides 18．Tony ________ first prize in the running event and he was so happy. A．wins B．will win C．is winning D．won 19．—Yesterday, I ________ to work out the physics problem but failed. What about you? —With the help of my teacher, I ________ to work it out. A．tried; managed B．managed; managed C．tried; tried D．managed; tried 20．Last weekend, Peter ________ his finger by accident when he was cooking lunch. A．burns B．burnt C．was burning D．is burning 二、选词填空 选词填空，从方框中选择合适的单词，并用其适当形式填空。 stop, reach, help, cheer, cross 21．Lisa running when she saw Sarah fall. 22．She out her hand to help Sarah stand up. 23．Lisa Sarah up and they continued the race together. 24．The crowd for the two runners who showed good sportsmanship. 25．They the finish line side by side, even though they didn’t win first place. 重难突破练（测试时间：20分钟） 一、语法选择 Ten years ago when Sammy saw 1 news story about the falling numbers of honey bees around the world, he first got 2 in bees. The reporter said that if nothing 3 done, the number of bees would fall even 4 and they could soon die out. 5 Sammy decided to go to his local beekeeping club to ask for more information. Four other people also turned up that evening because they had seen the news story. The beekeeping club was very pleased. It decided to give a free hive and a queen bee to those who came 6 . The club also 7 free classes on the website. Sammy collected his hive and queen bee, placed 8 in his garden, and began his beekeeping journey. Ten years later, Sammy 9 owns 200 hives in different places within 80 kilometres of his home, but also makes around 6,000 jars of honey each year, which he 10 sells to a national supermarket chain. 1．A．a B．the C．/ 2．A．interest B．interesting C．interested 3．A．was B．were C．has 4．A．far B．further C．furthest 5．A．And B．But C．So 6．A．with person B．by person C．in person 7．A．offer B．offers C．offered 8．A．they B．them C．their 9．A．not only B．isn’t only C．doesn’t only 10．A．usual B．unusual C．usually 二、短文填空 Once, a rich man asked a young man to paint a boat. While painting it, the young man found 11 small hole in the boat and quietly fixed it. After 12 (finish) his work, the young man received his money and left. A month later, the rich man showed up at the painter’s house. He 13 (give) the painter a big check. “You have already given me money for painting the boat, sir!” said the 14 (surprise) painter. “This check is not for painting the boat, 15 for fixing the hole in the boat,” said the rich man. And then he told the painter what had happened. After the paint was dry, the rich 16 (man) son took the boat for a fishing trip. He didn’t know 17 the hole in the boat. When the rich man heard of the trip, he was worried. 18 (luck), thanks to the young painter’s kind act, his son came back safely. Sometimes, the smallest act of 19 (kind) may mean a lot to others. So, it’s important to always be kind and 20 (help). 三、补全对话 根据下面的对话情景，在空白处填入一个适当的句子，使对话的意思连贯、完整。 A: Hi, Zhang Wei! 21 B: I went to Lanzhou on my holiday. It was our school trip to the Silk Road. A: 22 B: Yes, I had a great time. A: Great! What did you do there? B: 23 It was so fun. A: I really want to take part in our school trip, too! When will the next one be? B: We will have a school trip to the city museum this month. Would you like to go with us? A: 24 B: We can learn many things there. A: Cool! 25 B: We will go there by school bus. Let’s get ready for it together! 综合拓展练（测试时间：10分钟） 1．（2024·江苏扬州·中考真题）The Marco Polo Memorial Hall stands at the east end of Dongguan Street ________ Yangzhou. A．to B．on C．at D．in 2．（2024·甘肃白银·中考真题）The bird in Picture ________ is between the boxes. A． B． C． D． 3．（2024·四川凉山·中考真题）—Did you have fun watching the volleyball game? —No. A tall man stood ______ me. I couldn’t see the players at all. A．next to B．across from C．in front of 4．（2025·四川广元·中考真题）—Amy recently won a prize from the Help Save Our Society. Can you guess ________? —It’s said that she built a house out of rubbish. A．what did she do B．what she did C．what does she do D．what she does 5．（2025·北京·中考真题）—Peter, did you play table tennis with your friends after school yesterday? —No, I didn’t. We ________ vegetables in our school garden. A．water B．have watered C．watered D．are going to water 6．（2025·黑龙江绥化·中考真题）On the Dragon Boat Festival, my mother cooked delicious zongzi and ________ them on the plate. A．laid B．lay C．lain 7．（2025·天津·中考真题）The mobile phone ________ when I was making a cake with my mother. A．rang B．rings C．is ringing D．is going to ring 8．（2024·内蒙古呼和浩特·中考真题）In China, hotpot has a history of over 1,000 years. It first ________ in the Mongolia area, and then became popular in the southern part of China. A．has appeared B．appears C．will appear D．appeared 9．（2024·内蒙古·中考真题）The teachers used to ________ key points on the blackboard, but now they are getting used to ________ them through PPTs. A．write; showing B．writing; show C．write; show D．writing; showing 10．（2024·西藏·中考真题）He ________ have breakfast because he woke up late this morning. A．does B．did C．doesn’t D．didn’t 11．（2024·北京·中考真题）—What did you do last Saturday, Tina? —I ________ to the nursing home and worked as a volunteer there. A．go B．went C．will go D．was going 12．（2025·四川攀枝花·中考真题）Keep a balanced diet and take exercise regularly, ________ you can live a healthier life. A．or B．if C．and D．but 13．（2025·西藏·中考真题）Please ________ in yourself and start your new journey! A．believes B．believed C．believing D．believe 14．（2025·四川广元·中考真题）—Mike, ________ such a loud noise in the room. Your sister is sleeping. —OK, Dad. I won’t do that again. A．making B．to make C．don’t make D．make 15．（2025·吉林长春·中考真题）________, Tutu, or you will be late for class. Only two minutes left. A．Hurry up B．To hurry up C．Hurrying up D．Hurried up 16．（2025·吉林·中考真题）Plant more flowers, ________ we can make our city more beautiful. A．or B．but C．and 17．（2025·天津·中考真题）It’s raining outside. Take an umbrella, ________ you will get wet. A．and B．or C．so D．but 3 / 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题02 祈使句、方位介词及一般过去时（期中复习讲义） 内 容 导 航 考情透视·目标导航 透析期中考向，锚定备考重心 知识梳理·方法技巧 梳理核心脉络，扫除知识盲区 知识点01 祈使句 知识点02 方位介词 知识点03 一般过去时 考场练兵·分层实战 阶梯实战演练，验收复习成效 考情透视·目标导航 常考题型 内容要点 命题趋势 单项选择 语法选择 语法填空 …… 1. 祈使句； 2. 方位介词； 3. 一般过去时； 1. 祈使句：从直接命令到灵活使用 趋势看点：基础直接考法减少，更强调在不同交际场景（如请求、建议、禁止）中的恰当使用。单项选择、完形填空是常见考查形式，在情景对话和书面表达中也会涉及。 2. 方位介词：从位置描述到精准辨析 趋势看点：作为介词考查的重点（占语法题20%-25%），越来越注重在问路、描述社区环境等生活场景中考查介词短语的使用。 3. 一般过去时：时间轴上的“过去时态”主力 趋势看点：在中考时态题中占比高达27%，稳居第一。基础语法题减少，更多地与时态辨析、被动语态等结合，在具体语境中考查。 知识梳理·方法技巧 祈使句 1.定义：祈使句是用于表示请求、命令、劝告、建议、警告等的句子。 通常以动词原形开头，没有时态和数的变化。 其具体结构如下： 类型 肯定结构及例句 否定结构及例句 Do型 动词原形＋其他：Open the door. Don’t ＋动词原形＋其他：Don’t stand up！ Be型 Be＋表语：Be quiet！ Don’t＋be＋表语：Don’t be late for class！ Let型 Let＋宾语＋动词原形＋其他：Let’s have another try. Don’t ＋let＋宾语＋动词原形＋其他：Don’t let the boy draw here. Let＋宾语＋not＋动词原形＋其他：Let’s not wait outside the gate. Never型 —— Never＋动词原形：Never leave today’s work till tomorrow. No型 —— No＋名词/动名词：No parking！ 【拓展】 1.Let’s开头的祈使句，其答语通常为“Good idea./OK.”等。其他祈使句的答语通常用一般将来时。否定祈使句的答语常用“Sorry/No， I won’t （do it again）.”等。如： －Let’s go to the park. －Good idea. －Please remember to bring my notebook to school. －OK， I will. 2.“祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句（表结果）”结构，可转换为含if引导的条件状语从句的复合句。 如： Work harder， and you will find it not difficult to learn.＝If you work harder， you will find it not difficult to learn. 再努力些，你就会发现学习并不难。 3. 否定形式的两种表达 Don't + 动词原形（最常用）：Don't run in the hallways. No + 动名词（常用于标识）：No smoking. No parking. 典例 1．Don’t ride the bike too fast on the road, ________ you may get hurt. A．and B．or C．but D．unless 【答案】B 【详解】句意：不要在路上骑自行车太快，否则你会受伤的。 考查连词辨析。and和；or否则；but但是；unless除非。“you may get hurt”是可能发生的负面结果，此处需要一个连词，表达“否则”的意思，即如果不听从建议，就会发生不好的事。故选B。 2．________ in the classroom! You can only eat in the dining hall. A．Not-eat B．Eat C．Eating D．Don’t eat 【答案】D 【详解】句意：不要在教室里吃东西！你只能在餐厅里吃东西。 考查祈使句。根据“You can only eat in the dining hall.”可知，此处表示不允许在教室里吃东西，应用祈使句的否定形式“Don’t+动词原形+其他”。故选D。 3．Mike, ________ eat in the classroom! A．not B．doesn’t C．don’t D．can’t 【答案】C 【详解】句意：迈克，不要在教室里吃东西！ 考查祈使句的否定形式。not不；doesn’t是do not的缩写，用于主语是第三人称单数的情况；don’t是do not的缩写，用于主语是复数或第一、二人称的情况；can’t不能。根据语境可知，此处是在对迈克提出不要在教室里吃东西的命令，这是一个祈使句，其否定形式是在句首加don’t。故选C。 4．John, ________ the road when the traffic light turns red. It’s very dangerous. A．doesn’t cross B．not to cross C．don’t cross D．not cross 【答案】C 【详解】句意：约翰，交通信号灯变红时不要过马路。这非常危险。 考查祈使句的否定用法。doesn’t cross（第三人称单数否定形式，cross为动词“过马路；穿过”）；not to cross（动词不定式的否定形式，cross为动词“过马路；穿过”）；don’t cross（祈使句否定形式，cross为动词“过马路；穿过”）；not cross（表述错误，无此正确语法结构）。句子是对John发出的指令，属于祈使句，祈使句否定形式以“don’t + 动词原形”开头，可知这里需要用“don’t cross”。故选C。 5．________ carefully before you walk across the road. A．Look B．Looking C．Looked D．To look 【答案】A 【详解】句意：过马路前要仔细观察。考查祈使句。根据“...carefully before you walk across the road.”可知，此处是祈使句，使用动词原形，故选A。 易｜错｜警｜示 祈使句，用原形，否定 Don't 加原形； Let's 不带 to，反意 shall we 要记住； and / or 接将来，No 后面加 -ing； please 前后都一样，动词原形别变形。 即时检测 1．—Frank, ________ late for school again! —I’m so sorry, Miss Zhang. I will get up earlier next time. A．doesn’t be B．isn’t C．don’t be D．is 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——弗兰克，上学别再迟到了——对不起，张老师。下次我会更早起床。 考查祈使句的否定形式。此处是告诫他“不要迟到了”，是祈使句的否定形式：don’t+动词原形。故选C。 2．—________ park your car on the road. —Sorry, sir. I’ll put it somewhere else. A．Don’t B．No C．Can’t 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——不要把你的车停在路上。——抱歉，先生。我会把它停到别的地方。 考查祈使句的否定形式。Don’t助动词do的否定形式，用于构成祈使句否定；No不，用于否定回答或禁止，后接名词或动名词；Can’t不能，情态动词can的否定，不能直接用于祈使句开头。祈使句的否定形式通常在动词原形前加“Don’t”。故选A。 3．Boys and girls, please ________ in the classroom. It’s time for class. A．don’t run B．run C．to run D．not running 【答案】A 【详解】句意：同学们，请不要在教室里跑。上课时间到了。考查否定的祈使句。根据“Boys and girls, please...in the classroom.”可知，本句是祈使句；再结合“It’s time for class.”以及选项可知，应用don’t run，构成否定的祈使句，表示不要在教室里跑。故选A。 4．—Let’s ________ to the movies tonight. —That sounds great. A．go B．goes C．going D．to go 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——让我们今晚去看电影吧。——那听起来很棒。考查祈使句。根据“Let’s”可知，此处是一个肯定祈使句，let sb do sth“让某人做某事”，空处填动词原形，故选A。 5．________ balanced meals. It’s a good way to help you stay healthy. A．Eating B．To eat C．Eat D．Eats 【答案】C 【详解】句意：吃均衡的膳食，它是一个帮助你保持健康的好方法。考查祈使句。根据“...balanced meals.”可知，此处表示建议，为祈使句，故使用动词原形开头。故选C。 6．—Please ________ the books now! It’s in a mess. —OK, Mom. A．Putting away B．put away C．to put away D．puts away 【答案】B 【详解】句意：—— 现在请把书收起来！太乱了。—— 好的，妈妈。 考查祈使句的用法。祈使句以动词原形开头，“put away”是“把……收起来”。故选B。 7．—________ trying and do your best. —OK, I will. A．Keep B．Keeping C．To keep 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——继续努力，做到最好。——好的，我会的。考查祈使句。根据答语“OK, I will.”可知，此句为祈使句，以动词原形开头，故选A。 8．________ less time on the phone at night, or you will find it hard to fall asleep. A．Spend B．Spending C．To spend 【答案】A 【详解】句意：晚上少花点时间在手机上，否则你会发现很难入睡。考查祈使句。根据“less time on the phone at night, or you will find it hard to fall asleep.”可知，这里表示建议或命令，应用祈使句， 动词用原形。故选A。 9．Wash your hands before meals, ________ you may get ill A．and B．or C．but D．so 【答案】B 【详解】句意：饭前洗手，否则你会生病的。考查连词辨析。and和；or否则；but但是；so所以。根据“Wash your hands before meals...you may get ill”可知，此句是祈使句+and/or+简单句的结构，此处表示饭前要洗手，否则会生病，故选B。 10．Don’t jump to conclusions, ________ you may make a mistake. A．and B．so C．or D．for 【答案】C 【详解】句意：不要妄下结论，否则你可能会犯错误。 考查连词辨析。and和；so因此；or否则；for因为。根据“Don’t jump to conclusions,… you may make a mistake.”可知，此句是“祈使句+and/or+简单句”的结构，前文是后文的否定条件，用or表示“否则”，故选C。 方位介词 方位介词：用于表示物体之间的位置关系，是介词考查中的重点（占语法题20%-25%）。 （1） 表示场所的介词：at, in, on, under, by, near, between, around, opposite （2） 表示方向的介词：into, out of, along, across, through, up, past ①at, in at在某地（表示比较狭窄的场所） at school上学 at home在家 stand at the door站在门边 at a factory在一家工厂 at the bottom of在……下面 at the party在聚会上 at the end of在……末尾 at the table在桌旁 at the station在火车站 at the crossroads在十字路口 at work在上班 at the bus stop在公共汽车站 ►I’ ll meet him at the Beijing railway station. 我将去北京站接他。 in在某地（表示比较宽敞的场所） in Beijing在北京 in the world在世界上 in the house在房子里 ►His brother is in prison and was arrested 2 years ago. 他哥哥两年前被捕现在在监狱中服刑。 ►She was born in China.她是在中国出生的。 ②on, above, over, under, below on在……上面，有接触面。 on the desk在桌子上面；on the map在地图上。 on在……靠近……的地方 on the right在右边 on the screen在屏幕上 on the river在河边 on the farm在农场 on the floor在地板上 on the island/beach在岛上/海滨 on the pavement在人行道上 above在……上方 ►Our plane flew above the clouds.我们的飞机在云端上飞行。 over在……正上方，是under的反义词 ►There is a light over Li Ming.李明的正上方有一盏灯。 ►A few birds were flying over the sea.有几只鸟在海上飞。 ►under在……下面；在……之内 under the table桌子下面 under the jacket在夹克内 ►The dog is under the table.这只狗在桌子下面。 below在……下方（不一定是正下方） 正下方是under，below是above的反义词。 ►There are a lot of fishes below the surface of the water.水面下有许多各式各样的鱼。 ③near, by near近的，不远的 near=not far，是far的反义词。near还可以指时间。 in the near future在不久的将来 ►Is there a bus stop near here? 这儿附近有公共汽车站吗？ by在……旁边，距离比near要近 by the window在窗户旁边 by me在我旁边 ►The boy is standing by the window. 这个男孩正站在窗户旁边。 ④ between, among, around between在两者之间 ►My teacher is sitting between Tom and Mike.我们的老师正坐在汤姆和迈克之间。 ►What’ s the difference between A and B? A和B之间有什么区别？ among在三者或更多的之中 ►There is a beautiful house among the trees.在树林之中有一间漂亮的房子。 ►He is very popular among the students.他在学生之中很受欢迎（很出名）。 around环绕，在……周围，在……四周 ►We sat around the table.我们在桌子四周坐下来。 ►The earth moves around the sun.地球围绕太阳转。 ⑤ in front of，behind，opposite in front of早……的前面；在……的前部 ►There is a tree in front of the house. ►There is a big desk for the teacher in the front of the classroom. 在教室的前部有一张大讲桌。 behind在……后面 behind是in front of的反义词 ►There is a tree behind my house. 我家房子后面有一颗树。 ►There is a tree at the back of my house.我家房子后面有一棵树。 opposite在……对面 ►Our school is opposite a university,我们学校在一所大学的对面。 ►He stood opposite me.他站在我对面。 ⑥ in, into, out of, up in在……之内，用于表示静止的位置 ►The students are in the classroom.学生们在教室里。 into进入用于表有特定终点的运动的方向。通常用于表示动作的动词之后,如go, come, walk, run等。 ►The students run into the classroom.学生们跑进教室。 ►He jumped into the water.他跳入水中。 out of和into一样，也表示有一定的运动方向 ►The students rushed out of the room.学生们冲出房间。 out of的基本含义：从……到外面，离开；在……范围之外；从（某个数）之中 up移动 ►The children climbed up the tree.孩子们爬上了树。 ⑦ along, across, past, through along沿着 ►I was walking along the river when it began to rain.我正沿着河边散步，突然下起雨来了。 across横过 ►I often swim across the river.我常游泳横渡这条河。 past经过 ►Every day he runs past the city hall.他每天跑步经过市政府。 through贯穿，通过 ►The sun shone through the clouds.阳光穿过云层照射下来。 ►The river was through the city.这条河穿过这个城市。 最易混淆组：across vs through vs over 易混词 核心区别 例句 across 从表面横穿（马路、桥、广场） swim across the river（横渡水面） through 从内部/三维空间穿过（森林、隧道、人群） drive through the tunnel over 从上方越过（围栏、山） climb over the wall 典例 1．There are some flowers _________ the shop. The boy is _________ the shop. A．behind; inside B．in front of; outside C．behind; outside D．in front of; next to 【答案】B 【详解】句意：商店前面有一些花。男孩在商店外面。 考查方位介词辨析。behind在……后面；inside在……里面；in front of在……前面；outside在……外面；next to紧挨着。从图中可知，花在商店前面，男孩在商店外面，第一空用in front of ，第二空用outside，故选B 。 2．Our school is ________ the park. That’s why the air here is always fresh. A．next to B．between C．above D．below 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我们的学校就在公园旁边。这就是为什么这里的空气总是很清新。 考查介词和介词短语辨析。next to在旁边；between在两者中间；above在……上面；below在……下面。根据“That’s why the air here is always fresh.”可知，空气新鲜是因为就在公园旁边。故选A。 3．The bookshop is on ________ side of the street. You must go ________ the road to buy books. A．other; across B．the other; across C．other; through D．the other; through 【答案】B 【详解】句意：书店在街道的另一边。你必须穿过马路去买书。 考查代词和介词辨析。other其他的，后常接复数名词；the other两者中的另一个，常与one连用，表示“一个……，另一个……”；across穿过（平面）；through穿过（立体空间）。根据“side of the street”可知，街道有两边，此处指另一边，应用the other；再根据“You must go...the road”可知，此处指穿过马路这个平面，应用across。故选B。 4．Taiwan lies ________ the southeast of China, and it is ________ the east of Fujian. A．on; to B．in; to C．in; in D．in; on 【答案】B 【详解】句意：中国台湾位于中国的东南部，且它在福建的东边。 考查介词辨析。in表示在内部；on表示两地接壤；to表示两地不接壤，隔海或隔其他区域。根据地理常识，中国台湾是中国不可分割的一部分，属于中国领土内部，因此“在中国的东南部”用“in”；中国台湾与福建省隔中国台湾海峡相望，两地不直接接壤，因此“在福建的东边”用“to”。故选B。 5．The old man likes sitting ________ some children to tell interesting stories when he is free. A．among B．from C．between D．front 【答案】A 【详解】句意：老人有空时喜欢坐在孩子们中间讲有趣的故事。 考查介词辨析。among在三者以上之中；from从；between在两者之间；front前面。根据“The old man likes sitting ... some children to tell interesting stories when he is free.”可知在一些孩子中坐着讲故事，用among。故选A。 解｜题｜技｜巧 内 in 外 to 接壤 on 表面 across 内 through 正上 over 正下 under 两者 between 多者 among 外前 in front of 内前加 the 树上 on 来鸟用 in 墙上 on 来窗用 in 即时检测 1．—Where are we going to have a picnic? —I know there are some beautiful parks ________ the Yangtze River. A．across B．over C．along D．through 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——我们要去哪里野餐？——我知道沿着长江有一些美丽的公园。 考查介词辨析。across横过；over在……上方；along沿着；through（从内部）通过。根据“there are some beautiful parks...the Yangtze River”可知，公园应该是“沿着”长江而建的。故选C。 2．Look at the picture, the girl is reading ________ the tree. A．in B．on C．below D．under 【答案】D 【详解】句意：看看这张图片，那个女孩正在树下读书。in在……里；on在……上；below在……下面；under在……下面。根据图片可知，女孩在树下读书，结合选项，under“在……下面”，强调在物体正下方，符合语境。故选D。 3．My friend Amy lives on the top floor, and I live two floors _______ her. A．above B．over C．under D．below 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我的朋友埃米住在顶楼，而我住在她的下面两层。 考查介词辨析。above在……上方，不一定是正上方，表示相对高度；over在……上方，强调在某一物体正上方；under在……下方，通常指在物体的正下方；below在……下方，不一定是正下方，表示相对位置。根据“My friend Amy lives on the top floor, and I live two floors”可知，埃米住在顶楼，我住在她下面两层，此处表示相对位置，below符合题意。故选D。 4．Sandy lives ______ her school. So she often walks to school. A．next to B．above C．outside D．under 【答案】A 【详解】句意：Sandy住在学校隔壁，所以她经常步行去上学。 考查介词辨析。next to紧邻；above在……上方；outside在外面；under在……下面。根据“So she often walks to school.”可知，她住的离学校很近。故选A。 5．—Shirley, does Tom live two floors ________ you in the building? —Yes. I can see his balcony when I look down. A．below B．over C．among D．between 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——Shirley，Tom住在你的楼下吗？——是的。我往下看时可以看到他的阳台。 考查介词词义辨析。below在……下方；over在……上方；among在……之间；between两者之间。根据“I can see his balcony when I look down.”可知，Tom应该是住在Shirley楼下。故选A。 6．—Why are you standing there, Maggie? —I can’t see the blackboard clearly. Two tall boys are sitting ___________ me. A．behind B．in front of C．next to D．beside 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——为什么你站在那里，玛吉？—— 我看不清黑板。两个高个子的男孩坐在我前面。 考查方位介词。behind在……后面；in front of在……前面；next to在……旁边；beside在……附近。根据“I can’t see the blackboard clearly.”可知，两个男孩应坐她的前面。故选B。 7．Shenzhen lies ________ the south of China but ________ the south of Guangzhou. A．in; to B．on; to C．to; on D．on; in 【答案】A 【详解】句意：深圳位于中国的南部，但在广州的南部。 考查介词辨析。to用于表示一个地方在另一个地方的外部方向，不接壤；on表示两者接壤；in表示一个地方在另一个地方之内。深圳位于中国内部，用in；深圳和广州不接壤，是独立关系，用to。故选A。 8．Our school is ______ the park. That’s why the air here is always fresh. A．next to B．between C．among D．through 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我们的学校在公园旁边。这就是为什么这里的空气总是很新鲜。 考查地点方位介词与介词短语。next to在……旁边；between在（两者）之间；among在（三者及以上）之间；through穿过。学校的位置应该是在公园旁边。故选A。 9．I can’t see the words on the blackboard because there is a tall boy ________ me. A．next to B．across C．in front of D．behind 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我看不见黑板上的字，因为我前面有一个高个子男孩。 考查方位介词。next to紧挨着；across穿过；in front of在……前面；behind在……后面。根据“I can’t see the words on the blackboard”可知，看不见黑板上的字，说明高个子男孩坐在了前面，in front of符合题意。故选C。 10．There is a river _________ the two towns. __________ the river there is an old bridge. A．in; In B．between; Over C．between; On D．outside; Under 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这两个城镇之间有一条河。河上有一座旧桥。 考查方位介词。 in在……里面；between在……之间；over在……的上方，不接触；on在……上，有接触面；outside在……之外；under在……下面。根据“There is a river …the two towns. …the river there is an old bridge.”可知，两个城镇之间使用between，河上有一座旧桥使用over，桥和河之间不接触。故选B。 一般过去时 (1)概念：表示过去某一时间发生的动作或存在的状态。 (2)用法： ①表示过去某个时间点或某一段时间内发生的动作或存在的状态。 表示过去经常或反复发生的动作，常和频率副词连用。 (3) 基本形式: ①谓语动词是be动词的一般过去时 ②谓语动词是实义动词（行为动词）的一般过去时 一般过去时的句式： (1)含有be动词的一般过去时的句式 句式 结构 例句 肯定句 主语+be动词(was/were)+其他. I was late for school yesterday.我昨天上学迟到了。 否定句 主语+wasn't(was not)/weren't(were not)+其他. I wasn't late for school yesterday.我昨天上学没迟到。 句式 结构 例句 一般疑问 句及其简 略回答 Was/Were+主语+其他? 肯定回答:Yes,主语+was/were. 否定回答:No,主语+wasn't/weren't. —Were you late for school yesterday?你昨天上学迟到了吗? —Yes, I was./No, I wasn't.是的,我迟到了。/不,我没迟到。 特殊疑 问句 特殊疑问词+was/were+主语+其他? 特殊疑问词(主语)+was/were+其他? Why were you late for school yesterday?你昨天为什么上学迟到了? Who was late for school yesterday?昨天谁上学迟到了? (2)含有实义动词的一般过去时的句式 句式 结构 例句 肯定句 主语+实义动词的过去式+其他. I went to school yesterday.我昨天去上学了。 否定句 主语+didn't+实义动词的原形+其他. I didn't go to school yesterday.我昨天没去上学。 一般疑问 句及其简 略回答 Did+主语+实义动词的原形+其他? 肯定回答:Yes,主语+did. 否定回答:No,主语+didn't. —Did you go to school yesterday?你昨天去上学了吗? —Yes, I did./No, I didn't.是的,我去了。/不,我没去。 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词+did+主语+实义动词的原形+其他? 特殊疑问词(主语)+实义动词的过去式+其他? How did you go to school yesterday?你昨天怎么去上学的? Who went to school yesterday?昨天谁去上学了? 一般过去时具体用法 ①表示在过去发生的一次性动作或习惯性动作或存在的状态，常用yesterday，last year，in 1995，the other day等作时间状语。 例1. The other day I came across an old friend on the top of Mount Tai. 前几天，我在泰山顶上偶然遇到了一位老朋友。 例2.He came to work here two weeks ago. 他两周前来这儿上班的。 ②表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。 例1.When I was a child, I often played football in the street. 我小时候，经常在大街上踢足球。 例2.Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome. Brown 妇访问期间，不论走到哪里，都受到了热烈的欢迎。 ③用于固定句型中。 It is/has been＋一段时间＋since...did sth.自从做某事已经一段时间了 would/had rather sb. did sth.宁愿某人做某事 例1.It is time you went to bed. 到了你上床睡觉的时间了。 例2.I’d rather you came tomorrow. 我宁愿你明天来。 例3.It is time that we took action to protect our environment. 该到我们采取措施保护环境的时候了。 ④wish, wonder, think, hope等用过去时，作试探性的询问、请求、建议等。 例1.I thought you might have some. 我原以为你会有一些的。 例2.Sorry, I didn’t see the sign over there. 对不起，我（刚才）没看见那边的指示牌。 ⑤在时间状语从句、条件状语从句中代替过去将来时。 例1.He said he would not go if it rained. 他说要是下雨，他就不去。 例2.He said he would tell her about the news as soon as he met her. 他说他一见到她就把这个消息告诉她。 ⑥有些句子，虽然没有明确的表示过去的时间状语，但实际上指的是过去发生的动作或状态，也要用一般过去时。常见的此类动词有know, think, expect等，表示＂本来认为＂。 例1.I didn’t expect to meet you here. 我没想到会在这儿遇到你。 例2.I thought he had heard the news. 我原以为他已经听说了这个消息。 典例 1．My friends and I __________ football last Sunday. A．play B．will play C．played D．plays 【答案】C 【详解】句意：上周日我和我的朋友们一起踢足球了。 考查动词时态辨析。结合语境及时间状语“last Sunday”可知，该句描述的过去发生的事情，时态为一般过去时，应用动词play的过去式作谓语。故选C。 2．—What did you do during the Dragon Boat Festival? —I ________ the boat races on TV and read books. A．watch B．watched C．am watching D．will watch 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——端午节期间你做了什么？——我在电视上看了划船比赛，还看了书。 考查时态。根据“What did you do during the Dragon Boat Festival?”的时态为一般过去时可知，此处询问过去的事情，所以B项符合。故选B。 3．My sister ________ a new dress yesterday. A．buy B．buys C．bought D．will buy 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我姐姐昨天买了一条新裙子。考查一般过去时态。根据时间状语“yesterday”可知，句子时态为一般过去时，此处动词需要用过去式。故选C。 4．—Where ________ you ________ last weekend? —I went to Beijing with my parents. A．do; go B．did; go C．will; go D．are; going 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你上周末去哪里了？——我和我的父母去了北京。考查时态。根据“last weekend”可知，句子时态为一般过去时，B项符合。故选B。 5．Claire ________ a lovely mascot for the school sports meeting last term. A．designed B．designs C．is designing D．will design 【答案】A 【详解】句意：Claire上学期为学校运动会设计了一个可爱的吉祥物。 考查一般过去时。根据“last term”可知，此句时态为一般过去时，表示过去发生的动作，空处填动词过去式的designed作谓语。故选A。 即时检测 1．Simon is very tall now, but he _______ short. A．used to be B．used to being C．is used to be D．is used to being 【答案】A 【详解】句意：西蒙现在很高，但他过去很矮。 考查动词短语。used to be过去是；be used to doing习惯于；be used to do被用来做。根据“Simon is very tall now, but he…short.”可知，该句表达西蒙现在很高，但过去曾矮小。“used to+动词原形”的固定结构，表示“过去曾（但现在不再）”。故选A。 2．—________ you ________ down your thoughts in your diary last night? —No, I was too tired. A．Do; write B．Did; write C．Do; wrote D．Did; wrote 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你昨晚在日记中写下你的想法了吗？——不，我太累了。考查一般过去时的疑问句结构。由“last night”可知，句子为一般过去时，助动词应用did，后接动词原形。故选B。 3．Tim ________ his breath for a long time when he saw the snake. A．holds B．held C．is holding D．will hold 【答案】B 【详解】句意：当蒂姆看到那条蛇时，他屏住呼吸很长时间。考查一般过去时。根据“when he saw the snake”可知，此处表示过去发生的动作，应用一般过去时。故选B。 4．He ________ the championship of the game on 15 August, 2024. A．win B．won C．wins D．has won 【答案】B 【详解】句意：他于2024年8月15日赢得了比赛冠军。考查一般过去时。根据“on 15 August, 2024”可知，该句的时态为一般过去时，需用过去式。故选B。 5．Many tourists in Hainan ________ the launch of Tianzhou-7 on January 17, 2024. A．watch B．watched C．are watching D．will watch 【答案】B 【详解】句意： 2024 年 1 月 17 日，许多游客在海南观看了天舟七号的发射。考查一般过去时态。watch观看，动词原形；watched观看，动词过去式；are watching正在观看，现在分词；will watch将观看，一般将来时态。根据“on January 17, 2024”可知句子是一般过去时态，动词需用过去式，“watch”的过去式是“watched”。故填watched。 6．________ you ________ the movie last weekend? A．Do; watch B．Did; watched C．Did; watch D．Were; watch 【答案】C 【详解】句意：你上周末看那部电影了吗？  考查一般过去时的一般疑问句。句中时间状语“last weekend”表明句子时态为一般过去时。原句谓语动词“watch”是实义动词，变一般疑问句时需借助助动词“did”，且助动词后动词用原形“watch”。因此正确选项为“Did; watch”，故选C。 7．—How was your school tour of the science museum last Sunday? —Wonderful. I________ how to make a lantern from the art teacher. A．am learning B．learned C．learn D．will learn 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——上星期天你们学校去科学博物馆的旅行怎么样？——太棒了。我从美术老师那里学会了制作灯笼的方法。考查动词时态。根据时间状语“last Sunday”可知，句子为一般过去时，故动词用过去式。故选B。 8．Many people ________ shopping in the supermarket yesterday. A．go B．goes C．went D．is going 【答案】C 【详解】句意：许多人昨天在超市购物。考查动词时态。根据“yesterday”可知，时态是一般过去时，动词用过去式。故选C。 9．I used to ________ many hours on the cellphone, but now I don’t. A．spending B．spend C．spends D．spent 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我过去经常花很多时间玩手机，但现在不了。考查非谓语动词。spending花费，现在分词或动名词；spend原形；spends三单形式；spent过去式。根据“I used to...”可知，这里用固定搭配used to do sth“过去常常做某事”，此处用动词原形。故选B。 10．—You can’ t take photos here. The sign (标志) says “No Photos” — Sorry. I ________ see it. A．don’t B．wasn’t C．didn’t D．won’t 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你不能在这里拍照。这个标志上写着“禁止拍照”。——抱歉。我没看见它。 考查时态。根据语境可知，是在对方告知之前没看见标志，动作发生在过去，且“see”为实义动词原形，所以要用一般过去时的助动词否定形式“didn’t”，表示过去没有发生的动作，故选C。 考场练兵·分层实战 基础通关练（测试时间：10分钟） 一、单项选择 1．________ the door, please. It’s too cold. A．Open B．Opening C．Close D．Closing 【答案】C 【详解】句意：请把门关上，太冷了。Open打开；Opening打开；Close关闭；Closing关闭。根据“It’s too cold”可知，天气太冷，应该关上门；本句是祈使句，以动词原形开头，应填Close。 2．—What rules do you have at school, Alice? —We have many rules at school. For example, ________ run in the hallways. A．not B．doesn’t C．don’t 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——爱丽丝，你们学校有什么规定？——我们学校有很多规定。例如，不要在走廊里跑。 此处是祈使句的否定形式，祈使句的否定形式一般是在动词原形前加don’t，这里表示“不要在走廊里跑”。应填don’t。 3．—What does the sign mean? —It means “________”. A．No park B．No parking C．Not park D．Not parking 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——这个标志是什么意思？——它的意思是“禁止停车”。 考查固定搭配，表示禁止的标志用语通常用“No+动词-ing”形式。“No parking”是标准表达，意为“禁止停车”。“No park”不符合英语习惯；“Not park”和“Not parking”均非标志用语。故选B。 4．Let’s _________ some icebreakers for the new students. A．make B．making C．made D．makes 【答案】A 【详解】句意：让我们为新生准备一些破冰活动吧。 考查祈使句中动词的形式。“Let’s...”是祈使句的一种结构，意为“让我们······”，其后要接动词原形。make是动词原形；making是make的现在分词形式；made是make的过去式和过去分词形式；makes是make的第三人称单数形式。结合“Let’s”的用法，此处需用动词原形make。故选A。 5．________ in the river. It’s dangerous. A．Don’t swim B．Not swim C．Not swimming 【答案】A 【详解】句意：不要在河里游泳。这很危险。 考查祈使句的否定式。根据“It’s dangerous”及选项可知，是指不要在河里游泳，句子是祈使句的否定式，结构为“Don’t+动词原形+其它”。故选A。 6．There is a river ________ the two villages, and it’s different from the one ________ my home, which is ________ the mountain. A．among; in; on B．between; beside; under C．between; on; above D．among; behind; over 【答案】B 【详解】句意：两个村庄之间有一条河，它和我家旁边的那条河不一样，那条河在山脚下。 among在……之中（三者或三者以上）；between在……之间（两者）；in在……里面；on在……上面；beside在……旁边；under在……下面；above在……上方；behind在……后面；over在……正上方。第一个空，根据“the two villages”可知，是在两个村庄之间，用between；第二个空，表示“在我家旁边的那条河”，用beside；第三个空，表示“河在山脚”，用under。 7．There is a river ________ the two villages. A．between B．among C．in D．on 【答案】A 【详解】句意：这两个村庄之间有一条河。between通常用于两者之间；among通常用于三者或三者以上的群体之中。in在……里面；on在……上面，in和on不符合此处表示方位关系的语境。根据“the two villages”可知，空处要表达“在……之间”，其对应的英文表达是between。 8．Look, the man looks so short ________ all the girls. A．in B．on C．among D．between 【答案】C 【详解】句意：看，那个男人在所有女孩中间看起来很矮。 in在……里面；on在……上面；among在……中 (三者或三者以上)；between在……中间 (两者之间)。“all the girls”可知，“the man”处于三者或三者以上的群体中。 9．Japan is ________ the northeast of China. Russia is ________ the north of China. A．to; on B．on; in C．in; to D．to; in 【答案】A 【详解】句意：日本在中国的东北方向。俄罗斯在中国的北边。 根据常识，日本与中国隔海相望，要用介词to；俄罗斯与中国接壤，要用介词on。介词in表示“在……之内”。 10．In the end, Diana found the set of keys ________ the old newspapers (报纸). A．about B．among C．across D．along 【答案】B 【详解】句意：最终，戴安娜在一堆旧报纸中找到了那串钥匙。 考查介词辨析。about关于；among在……当中；across横跨；along沿着。根据“the old newspapers”可知，此处指在旧报纸当中找到了钥匙，强调在三者以上的群体范围内用方位介词among。故选B。 11．Look at the picture. There is a bird cage ________ the boy’s head. A．above B．behind C．on D．beside 【答案】A 【详解】句意：看这幅画。男孩的头顶上方有一个鸟笼。 考查介词词义辨析。above 在……上方，且不接触表面；behind 在……后面；on 在……上面，接触表面；beside 在……旁边。由图片及“There is a bird cage ... the boy’s head.”可知，鸟笼在男孩头顶上方，且不接触头部，故“above”符合语境，故选A。 12．To find the treasure, you should swim ________ a big river and then get through the forest. A．across B．through C．past D．below 【答案】A 【详解】句意：要找到宝藏，你应该游过一条大河，然后穿过森林。 考查介词辨析。across从表面穿过；through从内部穿过；past从旁边经过；below在下方。根据“swim ... a big river and then get through the forest”可知，先游过河，再穿过森林，是从河的表面穿过。故选A。 13．Nanjing is ________ the east of China and China is ________ the west of Japan. A．in; in B．to; to C．in; to D．to; in 【答案】C 【详解】句意：南京在华东地区，中国在日本的西边。 考查介词辨析。in表示在某个区域内部（如一个国家、省份或地区的范围内）；to表示在某个区域外部，但方向上是那个方向（通常用于不接壤或隔海相望的情况）。南京是中国的城市，位于中国内部 的东部（属于华东地区），用in。中国和日本是两个独立国家，中国位于日本的西部方向，但中国不在日本内部，中日之间隔着东海，属于外部方向关系。因此用to。故选C。 14．He ________ me ________ him with his English. A．promised; helping B．promised; help C．promised; to help D．promised; helped 【答案】C 【详解】句意：他承诺我帮他学英语。 promised承诺，过去式；helping帮助，现在分词/动名词；help帮助，动词原形；to help帮助，不定式；helped帮助了，过去式。此处用法为promise sb. to do sth.意为“承诺某人做某事”，promise后接不定式作宾语补足语，应填promised；to help。 15．My grandfather ________ read classic novels before sleeping, but now he likes listening to the radio. A．is used to B．used to C．was used to D．uses to 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我的祖父过去常常在睡前读经典小说，但现在他喜欢听收音机。 is used to 习惯于（后接动名词）；used to 过去常常（后接动词原形）；was used to 习惯于（过去式，后接动名词）；uses to 表述错误（无此搭配）。 根据“but now”可知是过去与现在的习惯对比，且空后“read”是动词原形，“used to do sth.”表示“过去常常做某事”，符合语境。   16．While I _______ dinner last night, my friend _______ me a message. A．cooked; sent B．was cooking; sent C．cook; was sending D．am cooking; sends 【答案】B 【详解】句意：昨晚当我正在做晚饭的时候，我的朋友给我发了一条信息。 根据“While”以及“last night”可知，第一空表示过去某个时刻正在做某事，用过去进行时was cooking；第二空表示过去发生的动作，用一般过去时sent。 17．She ________ to visit her grandparents last weekend because she missed them very much. A．will decide B．is deciding C．decided D．decides 【答案】C 【详解】句意：她上周末决定去看望她的祖父母，因为她非常想念他们。 考查动词时态。will decide将决定，一般将来时；is deciding正在决定，现在进行时；decided决定，一般过去时；decides决定，一般现在时。根据时间状语“last weekend（上周末）”可知，动作发生在过去，应使用一般过去时。故选C。 18．Tony ________ first prize in the running event and he was so happy. A．wins B．will win C．is winning D．won 【答案】D 【详解】句意：Tony在跑步比赛中赢得了第一名，他非常开心。 考查动词时态。根据“he was so happy”可知，获奖是过去发生的动作，需用一般过去时。故选D。 19．—Yesterday, I ________ to work out the physics problem but failed. What about you? —With the help of my teacher, I ________ to work it out. A．tried; managed B．managed; managed C．tried; tried D．managed; tried 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——昨天我试图解出这道物理题但失败了。你呢？——在老师的帮助下，我成功解出来了。 考查动词辨析。tried试图；managed完成；根据第一空“but failed”可知动作未成功，用“tried”；第二空“with the help of my teacher”表明成功完成，用“managed”。故选A。 20．Last weekend, Peter ________ his finger by accident when he was cooking lunch. A．burns B．burnt C．was burning D．is burning 【答案】B 【详解】句意：上周末，彼得在做午饭时不小心烧伤了手指。 考查动词时态。根据“Last weekend”可知，设空处描述过去发生的动作，为一般过去时，故选B。 二、选词填空 选词填空，从方框中选择合适的单词，并用其适当形式填空。 stop, reach, help, cheer, cross 21．Lisa running when she saw Sarah fall. 22．She out her hand to help Sarah stand up. 23．Lisa Sarah up and they continued the race together. 24．The crowd for the two runners who showed good sportsmanship. 25．They the finish line side by side, even though they didn’t win first place. 【答案】21．stopped 22．reached 23．helped 24．cheered 25．crossed 【解析】21．句意：Lisa看到Sarah摔倒时，停止了跑步。根据“when she saw Sarah fall”可知，句子需用一般过去时，stop doing sth“停止做某事”符合语境，stop的过去式为stopped。 22．句意：她伸出手去扶Sarah站起来。根据“out her hand”可知，是固定短语reach out“伸出（手）”，句子时态是一般过去时，需用过去式reached。 23．句意：Lisa扶起Sarah，然后她们一起继续比赛。根据“Sarah up”可知，是help sb up“扶某人起身”，“continued”表明时态用一般过去时，动词应用过去式helped。 24．句意：观众为这两位展现了良好体育精神的跑步者欢呼。根据“for the two runners”可知，是cheer for sb“为某人欢呼”，“showed”表明时态用一般过去时，动词应用过去式cheered。 25．句意：她们并肩冲过终点线，尽管没有获得第一名。根据“the finish line”可知，是cross the finish line“冲过终点线”，“didn’t win”表明时态是一般过去时，动词用过去式crossed。 重难突破练（测试时间：20分钟） 一、语法选择 Ten years ago when Sammy saw 1 news story about the falling numbers of honey bees around the world, he first got 2 in bees. The reporter said that if nothing 3 done, the number of bees would fall even 4 and they could soon die out. 5 Sammy decided to go to his local beekeeping club to ask for more information. Four other people also turned up that evening because they had seen the news story. The beekeeping club was very pleased. It decided to give a free hive and a queen bee to those who came 6 . The club also 7 free classes on the website. Sammy collected his hive and queen bee, placed 8 in his garden, and began his beekeeping journey. Ten years later, Sammy 9 owns 200 hives in different places within 80 kilometres of his home, but also makes around 6,000 jars of honey each year, which he 10 sells to a national supermarket chain. 1．A．a B．the C．/ 2．A．interest B．interesting C．interested 3．A．was B．were C．has 4．A．far B．further C．furthest 5．A．And B．But C．So 6．A．with person B．by person C．in person 7．A．offer B．offers C．offered 8．A．they B．them C．their 9．A．not only B．isn’t only C．doesn’t only 10．A．usual B．unusual C．usually 【答案】 1．A 2．C 3．A 4．B 5．C 6．C 7．C 8．B 9．A 10．C 【导语】本文讲述了十年前萨米看到一则关于蜜蜂数量下降的新闻后，对养蜂产生兴趣，加入当地养蜂俱乐部并获得免费蜂箱，十年后他拥有了200个蜂箱，每年生产约6000罐蜂蜜并供应给全国连锁超市。 1．句意：十年前，当萨米看到一则关于全球蜜蜂数量下降的新闻报道时，他第一次对蜜蜂产生了兴趣。 此处为泛指“一则”新闻报道，且news story以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。the表特指，/为零冠词，均不符合泛指语境。 2．句意：……他第一次对蜜蜂产生了兴趣。 固定搭配get interested in，意为“对……产生兴趣”，应用interested。interest为名词，interesting为形容词修饰物，均不能用于此搭配。 3．句意：记者说，如果不采取任何措施，蜜蜂的数量将进一步下降，它们可能很快就会灭绝。 if引导的条件状语从句，主句用了 would fall（过去将来时），所以从句要用一般过去时，nothing和do之间是被动关系，主语nothing为不定代词，属于单数，谓语动词应用单数was。were是复数形式，主谓不一致，has为现在完成时，是主动语态且时态不符。 4．句意：……蜜蜂的数量将进一步下降…… 根据even及后文“they could soon die out”可知，程度比现在“更进一步”，应用比较级further。far为原级，furthest为最高级，均不符合比较结构。 5．句意：所以萨米决定去当地的养蜂俱乐部询问更多信息。 前文讲蜜蜂面临灭绝，后文他决定去俱乐部，构成因果关系，应用So。And表并列，But表转折，均不符合逻辑。 6．句意：俱乐部决定给那些亲自前来的人一个免费的蜂箱和一只蜂王。 固定搭配in person，意为“亲自”，应用in person。with person搭配错误，by person语法不当。 7．句意：俱乐部还在网站上提供免费课程。 全文为一般过去时，应用过去式offered。offer为原形，offers为第三人称单数现在时，均不符合时态。 8．句意：萨米领取了他的蜂箱和蜂王，把它们放在花园里，开始了他的养蜂之旅。 代词指代前文的a free hive and a queen bee，作placed的宾语，应用them。they为主格，their为形容词性物主代词，均不能作宾语。 9．句意：十年后，萨米不仅在他家80公里范围内的地方拥有200个蜂箱，而且每年生产约6000罐蜂蜜。 固定搭配not only...but also...，意为“不仅……而且……”，应用not only。isn’t only和doesn’t only语法错误。 10．句意：……他将这些蜂蜜通常卖给一家全国连锁超市。 修饰动词sells，应用副词usually，意为“通常”。usual为形容词，unusual“不寻常的”与上下文不符。 二、短文填空 Once, a rich man asked a young man to paint a boat. While painting it, the young man found 11 small hole in the boat and quietly fixed it. After 12 (finish) his work, the young man received his money and left. A month later, the rich man showed up at the painter’s house. He 13 (give) the painter a big check. “You have already given me money for painting the boat, sir!” said the 14 (surprise) painter. “This check is not for painting the boat, 15 for fixing the hole in the boat,” said the rich man. And then he told the painter what had happened. After the paint was dry, the rich 16 (man) son took the boat for a fishing trip. He didn’t know 17 the hole in the boat. When the rich man heard of the trip, he was worried. 18 (luck), thanks to the young painter’s kind act, his son came back safely. Sometimes, the smallest act of 19 (kind) may mean a lot to others. So, it’s important to always be kind and 20 (help). 【答案】 11．a 12．finishing 13．gave 14．surprised 15．but 16．man’s 17．about 18．Luckily 19．kindness 20．helpful 【导语】本文讲述了一位年轻画家在给富人的船刷漆时，悄悄修补了船上的小洞，正是这个善意的举动，挽救了富人儿子的生命，最终画家也因此得到了富人的重谢。故事告诉我们：哪怕是最微小的善意行为，也可能对他人产生巨大的影响，我们要始终保持善良、乐于助人的品质。 11．句意：刷漆的时候，这个年轻人发现船上有一个小洞，便悄悄把它修好了。 hole是可数名词单数，此处第一次提及这个小洞，表泛指，且small是以辅音音素开头的单词，因此用不定冠词a修饰。 12．句意：完成工作后，年轻人收了钱离开了。 句中after是介词，介词后接动词需要用动名词形式，给定单词为finish，因此变动名词finishing。 13．句意：他给了画家一张大额支票。全文讲述过去发生的故事，整体时态为一般过去时，给定单词give是动词原形，因此变为过去式gave。 14．句意：“先生，您已经付过刷漆的钱给我了！”感到惊讶的画家说道。 此处需要形容词修饰指人的名词painter，给定单词surprise是名词/动词，修饰人表示“人感到惊讶的”需要变为形容词surprised。 15．句意：这张支票不是刷漆的酬劳，而是修补船洞的酬劳。 前文出现not，此处是固定搭配not...but...，意为“不是……而是……”，符合句意逻辑，因此填but。 16．句意：油漆干了之后，富人的儿子乘船去钓鱼。 此处表示所属关系“富人的儿子”，需要用名词所有格，给定单词为man，因此变为所有格形式man’s。 17．句意：他不知道船上有这个洞。 表达“知道、了解某件事”时，不及物动词know需要搭配介词about，know about sth是固定用法，符合此处句意。 18．句意：幸运的是，多亏了年轻画家的善举，他的儿子平安回来了。此处放在句首修饰整个句子，需要用副词，给定单词luck是名词，因此变为副词luckily，句首首字母需要大写。 19．句意：有时候，最微小的善举对他人来说可能意义重大。act of后需要接名词，构成固定表达act of kindness表示“善举”，给定单词kind是形容词，因此变为名词kindness。 20．句意：因此，永远保持善良和乐于助人是很重要的。 此处and连接两个并列的形容词，跟在be动词后作表语，给定单词help是动词/名词，因此变为形容词helpful，意为“乐于助人的”，符合句意。 三、补全对话 根据下面的对话情景，在空白处填入一个适当的句子，使对话的意思连贯、完整。 A: Hi, Zhang Wei! 21 B: I went to Lanzhou on my holiday. It was our school trip to the Silk Road. A: 22 B: Yes, I had a great time. A: Great! What did you do there? B: 23 It was so fun. A: I really want to take part in our school trip, too! When will the next one be? B: We will have a school trip to the city museum this month. Would you like to go with us? A: 24 B: We can learn many things there. A: Cool! 25 B: We will go there by school bus. Let’s get ready for it together! 【答案】 21． Where did you go on your holiday? /... 22． Did you have a good time there? /... 23． I ate beef noodles and visited the Yellow River there. / I visited some beautiful places there. / I ate local food and walked by the river. /... 24． Yes, I’d love to. / Sure. / Of course. /... 25．How will we go there? /... 【导语】本文主要介绍了A和张伟围绕假期学校旅行展开的对话，两人讨论了旅行地点、游玩体验、后续旅行安排及出行方式。 21．张伟回答“我假期去了兰州，是我们学校的丝绸之路旅行”，此处可填Where did you go on your holiday?等询问对方假期去了哪里的句子，符合语境。 22．张伟回答“是的，我玩得很开心”，此处可填Did you have a good time there?等询问对方是否玩得愉快的句子，符合语境。 23．A询问“你在那里做了什么”，张伟补充“太有趣了”，此处可填I ate beef noodles and visited the Yellow River there./I visited some beautiful places there./I ate local food and walked by the river.等描述在兰州的活动的句子，符合语境。 24．张伟邀请A一起去城市博物馆的学校旅行，此处可填Yes, I’d love to./Sure./Of course.等表示同意的句子，符合语境。 25．张伟回答“我们坐校车去那里，一起准备吧”，此处可填How will we go there?等询问出行方式的句子，符合语境。 综合拓展练（测试时间：10分钟） 1．（2024·江苏扬州·中考真题）The Marco Polo Memorial Hall stands at the east end of Dongguan Street ________ Yangzhou. A．to B．on C．at D．in 【答案】D 【详解】句意：马可波罗纪念馆位于扬州东关街东端。考查介词辨析。to到；on在……上面；at在；in在……里面。此处指纪念馆位于扬州……，in Yangzhou“在扬州”，应用介词in。故选D。 2．（2024·甘肃白银·中考真题）The bird in Picture ________ is between the boxes. A． B． C． D． 【答案】A 【详解】句意：图片A中的鸟在两个盒子之间。考查常识。根据图片可知，A选项中的鸟在两个盒子之间。故选A。 3．（2024·四川凉山·中考真题）—Did you have fun watching the volleyball game? —No. A tall man stood ______ me. I couldn’t see the players at all. A．next to B．across from C．in front of 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你看排球比赛玩得开心吗？——不。一个高个子男人站在我面前。我根本看不见球员。 考查地点介词。next to在……旁边；across from在……对面；in front of在……前面。根据“A tall man stood … me. I couldn’t see the players at all”可知，看不见球员，所以是这个男人站在了我前面，故选C。 4．（2025·四川广元·中考真题）—Amy recently won a prize from the Help Save Our Society. Can you guess ________? —It’s said that she built a house out of rubbish. A．what did she do B．what she did C．what does she do D．what she does 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——艾米最近获得了“帮助拯救我们的社会”奖。你能猜猜她做了什么吗？——据说她用垃圾建了一座房子。考查宾语从句。根据“Can you guess”可知，此处是宾语从句，宾语从句需用陈述句语序（主语+谓语），排除A、C两项（疑问语序）。根据答句“built”可知，此处询问过去的行为，应为一般过去时。故选B。 5．（2025·北京·中考真题）—Peter, did you play table tennis with your friends after school yesterday? —No, I didn’t. We ________ vegetables in our school garden. A．water B．have watered C．watered D．are going to water 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——彼得，你昨天放学后和朋友们打乒乓球了吗？——不，我没有。我们在学校花园里浇了蔬菜。考查动词时态。根据“after school yesterday”可知，此处描述过去发生的事情，应为一般过去时，谓语动词用其过去式。故选C。 6．（2025·黑龙江绥化·中考真题）On the Dragon Boat Festival, my mother cooked delicious zongzi and ________ them on the plate. A．laid B．lay C．lain 【答案】A 【详解】句意：端午节，我妈妈做了美味的粽子，把它们摆放在盘子里。考查动词辨析和时态。laid摆放，lay的过去式；lay平躺，lie的过去式/放置，动词原形；lain躺下，lie的过去分词。根据“them on the plate”可知是把粽子摆放在盘子里，根据“cooked”可知句子用一般过去时，故用lay的过去式laid。故选A。 7．（2025·天津·中考真题）The mobile phone ________ when I was making a cake with my mother. A．rang B．rings C．is ringing D．is going to ring 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我和妈妈正在做蛋糕时，手机响了。 考查动词的时态。根据“when I was making a cake with my mother”可知，此处强调正在做某事时突然发生另一件事，即我和妈妈正在做蛋糕时，手机响了，此处主句动作“响”表示过去某一时刻发生的短暂动作，故应用一般过去时rang。故选A。 8．（2024·内蒙古呼和浩特·中考真题）In China, hotpot has a history of over 1,000 years. It first ________ in the Mongolia area, and then became popular in the southern part of China. A．has appeared B．appears C．will appear D．appeared 【答案】D 【详解】句意：在中国，火锅已有1000多年的历史。它首先出现在蒙古地区，然后在中国南方流行起来。 考查时态。根据“It first...in the Mongolia area”可知动作发生在过去，用一般过去时，动词用过去式。故选D。 9．（2024·内蒙古·中考真题）The teachers used to ________ key points on the blackboard, but now they are getting used to ________ them through PPTs. A．write; showing B．writing; show C．write; show D．writing; showing 【答案】A 【详解】句意：老师们过去常常在黑板上写关键点，但现在他们习惯于通过PPT展示。 考查非谓语动词。used to do sth表示“过去常常做某事”，可排除BD选项；get used to doing sth表示“习惯于做某事”，可排除C选项。故选A。 10．（2024·西藏·中考真题）He ________ have breakfast because he woke up late this morning. A．does B．did C．doesn’t D．didn’t 【答案】D 【详解】句意：他没有吃早饭，因为他今天早上起晚了。 考查动词时态。根据“woke”可知，此句是一般过去时，句中有实义动词have，结合“woke up late”可知，起晚了所以没有吃早餐，所以用助动词didn’t。故选D。 11．（2024·北京·中考真题）—What did you do last Saturday, Tina? —I ________ to the nursing home and worked as a volunteer there. A．go B．went C．will go D．was going 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——蒂娜，你上周六做了什么？——我去了养老院，在那里做志愿者。考查动词的时态。根据“last Saturday”可知，句子使用一般过去时，动词用过去式，故选B。 12．（2025·四川攀枝花·中考真题）Keep a balanced diet and take exercise regularly, ________ you can live a healthier life. A．or B．if C．and D．but 【答案】C 【详解】句意：保持均衡饮食并且规律锻炼，你就能过上更健康的生活。 or或者；否则；if如果；是否；and和；并且；but但是。根据“Keep a balanced diet and take exercise regularly, ...you can live a healthier life”可知，本题为"祈使句+连词+陈述句"的固定结构，空格前是提出的行为条件，空格后是顺承得出的正向结果，逻辑上为承接关系，所以用and连接。 13．（2025·西藏·中考真题）Please ________ in yourself and start your new journey! A．believes B．believed C．believing D．believe 【答案】D 【详解】句意：请相信自己，开始新的旅程！考查祈使句。分析句子可知，句子是祈使句，以动词原形开头。故选D。 14．（2025·四川广元·中考真题）—Mike, ________ such a loud noise in the room. Your sister is sleeping. —OK, Dad. I won’t do that again. A．making B．to make C．don’t make D．make 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——迈克，别在房间里弄出这么大的声音。你妹妹在睡觉。——好的，爸爸。我不会再那样做了。考查祈使句的否定形式。根据“Your sister is sleeping.”可知妹妹在睡觉，所以不要弄出这么大的声音，故此处用祈使句的否定形式：Don’t+动词原形。故选C。 15．（2025·吉林长春·中考真题）________, Tutu, or you will be late for class. Only two minutes left. A．Hurry up B．To hurry up C．Hurrying up D．Hurried up 【答案】A 【详解】句意：快点，图图，否则你上课要迟到了。只剩下2分钟了。考查祈使句。根据“or you will be late for class”可知这里是祈使句+or…，应用动词原形开头，故选A。 16．（2025·吉林·中考真题）Plant more flowers, ________ we can make our city more beautiful. A．or B．but C．and 【答案】C 【详解】句意：种更多的花，我们可以让我们的城市更美丽。考查连词辨析。or或者；but但是；and和，那么。此处是“祈使句+and/or+陈述句”句型，分析句子可知，多种花，那么城市就会更美丽，应用and连接。故选C。 17．（2025·天津·中考真题）It’s raining outside. Take an umbrella, ________ you will get wet. A．and B．or C．so D．but 【答案】B 【详解】句意：外面正在下雨。带把伞，否则你会淋湿。 考查连词辨析。and和；or否则，或者；so所以；but但是。根据“Take an umbrella...you will get wet.”可知，前半句是建议带伞，后半句是未带伞的后果，即会淋湿，故此处需用表示“否则”的连词连接。故选B。 3 / 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $