内容正文:
专题01 Units 7~9 单词短语句型语法
Unit 7 Being a Smart Shopper
重点单词及变形
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学科网(北京)股份有限公司
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
1.smart adj. 聪明的
变形:__________ 更聪明的;
________ 最聪明的;
___________ adv. 聪明地
拓展:___________ n. 聪明;smartwatch 智能手表
反义:stupid 愚蠢的;dull 迟钝的
2.shopper n. 购物者
搭配:_______________ 精明的购物者
拓展:shopping n. 购物;shopping mall 购物中心
反义:seller 卖家
3.mall n. 购物中心
搭配:_________________购物中心
4.sell v. 出售
变形:______ 出售(三单);
______ 过去式/过去分词;_______现在分词
搭配:__________ 卖光;____________畅销
拓展:_________ n. 卖家;________ n. 销售
5.fruit n. 水果
搭配:fresh fruit 新鲜水果;fruit juice 果汁
拓展:______________adj. 有水果味的;
______________ adj. 富有成效的
6.would modal v. 会;愿意
搭配:__________________ 想要;
__________________宁愿;
__________________很乐意
拓展:wouldn’t = would not
反义:would not 不会;不愿意
7.sure adv. 当然
搭配:__________ 确保;sure thing 当然的事;
__________ 肯定地
拓展:unsure adj. 不确定的
8.salt n. 食盐
拓展:_________ adj. 咸的;
___________ n. 咸度
9.kilo n. 千克
搭配:half a kilo 半公斤;
_____________ 一公斤苹果
10.trousers n. 裤子
变形:________________一条裤子(常复数形式)
搭配:trousers pocket 裤兜;
casual trousers 休闲裤
11.sale n. 特价销售
搭配:_________特价出售;
___________ 待售
12.plan n. 计划
搭配:________________ 制定计划
13.carry v. 拿;提
变形:____________ 拿(三单);
____________过去式/过去分词;
____________ 现在分词
搭配:carry on 继续;
carry out 执行
14.decide v. 决定
变形:____________ 决定(三单);
____________ 过去式/过去分词
____________现在分词
搭配:decide on 就……做出决定;
decide to do sth. 决定做某事;
make a decision 做决定
拓展:decision n. 决定;decisive adj. 果断的
15.wisely adv. 明智地
变形:___________adj. 明智的;
___________ n. 智慧
搭配:spend wisely 明智地花钱;
choose wisely 明智地选择;
16.waste v. 浪费
变形:___________ 浪费(三单);
___________ 过去式/过去分词;
___________ 现在分词
搭配:waste time 浪费时间;
waste of money 浪费钱
17.try v. 尝试
变形:tries 尝试(三单);
tried 过去式/过去分词;trying 现在分词
搭配:___________ 试穿;
___________ 试验;
___________ 尽某人最大努力
18.possible adj. 可能的
变形:___________adv. 可能地;
___________n. 可能性(无比较级)
搭配:___________ 尽快
拓展:___________ 不可能的
19.careful adj. 小心的
搭配:___________ 小心……
拓展:___________n. 小心;___________ 粗心的
反义:careless 粗心的
20.choice n. 选择
搭配:___________ 做出选择;
___________ 别无选择
拓展:___________ v. 选择
21.check v. 检查
搭配:___________办理入住;
___________退房 / 结账;
___________ 检查;
___________ 核对清单
拓展:check n. 支票;
checker n. 检查员
22.share v. 分享
变形:shares 分享(三单);
shared 过去式/过去分词;sharing 现在分词
搭配:___________与……分享;
___________分配
23.pay v. 付费
变形:pays 付费(三单);
paid 过去式/过去分词;paying 现在分词
搭配:___________为……付款;
___________注意;
___________还清
拓展:payment n. 付款;
payable adj. 应付的
24.free adj. 免费的;空闲的
变形:freer 更自由的;
freest 最自由的;
freely adv. 自由地
拓展:___________ n. 自由
25.order n. 订单;命令
搭配:___________有序;
___________订购外卖
拓展:___________ v. 命令;订购;
___________ adj. 整齐
必背短语
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学科网(北京)股份有限公司
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
1.__________________ 两瓶……
2.__________________ 去购物
3.__________________ 去超市
4.__________________ 列购物清单
5.__________________ 寻找
6.__________________ 小心
7.__________________ 每个周末
8.__________________ 在……上花费
9.__________________ 新鲜的蔬菜和水果
10.__________________ 需要做某事
11.__________________ 在电脑上
12.__________________ 学校聚会
13.__________________ 特价销售
14.__________________ 一条裤子
15.__________________ 购物中心
16.__________________ 网上商店
17.__________________ 计划做某事
18.__________________ 代替,而不是
19.__________________ 在某人返程的路上
20.__________________ 欠债
21.__________________ 决定(不)做某事
22.__________________ 给你
23.__________________ 赚钱
24.__________________ 尽可能少地
25.__________________ 以合理的价格
26.__________________ 大减价
27.__________________ 明智地花钱
28.__________________ 做选择
29.__________________ 节约时间
30.__________________ 去购物
31.__________________ 查看价格
32.__________________ 付款
33.__________________ 浪费钱
34.__________________ 例如
35.__________________ 与某人分享某物
36.__________________ 一片面包
37.__________________ 两公斤草莓
38.__________________ 早餐吃……
39.__________________ 一把剪刀
40.__________________ 一碗饭
41.__________________ 也,和
42.__________________ 浪费钱
43.__________________ 例如
44.__________________ 与……分享……
45.__________________ 价格标签
46.__________________ 两双棉袜
47.__________________ 穿在某人身上很好看
48.__________________ 尽力做某事
49.__________________ 在……的开始
50.__________________ 在……结束时
51.__________________ 花我的零花钱
52.__________________ 寻找特价商品
53.__________________ 做一个明智的购物者
54.__________________ 在不同的商店
55.__________________ 待在家里
56.__________________ 每次
57.__________________ 两公斤苹果
58.__________________ 支付
59.__________________ 查看
60.__________________ 各种尺码的鞋
61.__________________ 等待
62.__________________ 免费送货
用法精萃
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学科网(北京)股份有限公司
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
buy sth. for sb. 为某人买某物
spend...on sth. 在某物上花费(时间/金钱)
need to do sth. 需要做某事
would like to do sth.想要做某事
take sth. for sb.为某人带某物
let sb. do sth. 让某人做某事
decide (not) to do sth.决定(不)做某事
help sb. (to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事
try to do sth. 尽力做某事
be careful (not) to do sth.小心(不要)做某事
share sth. with sb. 和某人分享某物
try one’s best to do sth. 尽某人最大努力做某事
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学科网(北京)股份有限公司
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
重点句型
(1)日常交际与购物咨询
1.Would you like to go to the supermarket with me? 你愿意和我一起去超市吗?(P2)
Sure, I’d love to. How much milk do you need to buy? 当然,我很乐意。你需要买多少牛奶?(P2)
2.I need to buy two bottles. 我需要买两瓶。(P2)
3.Good morning! May I help you? 早上好!我能为你效劳吗?(P11)
Yes, please. I want to buy some honey and sandwiches. 是的,麻烦了。我想买一些蜂蜜和三明治。(P11)
4.How much honey do you need? 你需要多少蜂蜜?(P11)
5.How many sandwiches would you like? 你想要多少个三明治?(P11)
6.How much are they? 它们多少钱?(P11)
7.Would you like to buy some food for us? 你愿意为我们买些食物吗?(P17)
8.How much is one kilo of apples? 一公斤苹果多少钱?(P17)
9.How many kilos of apples do you need? 你需要多少公斤苹果?(P17)
10.They are 27 yuan in all. 总共 27 元。(P17)
11.Can I use my phone to pay for them? 我可以用手机支付吗?(P17)
二、情景表达与购物描述
1.I’m shopping for the school party. 我正在为学校派对选购商品。(P4)
2.I’m looking for a new shirt. What about this blue one? 我在找一件新衬衫。这件蓝色的怎么样?(P4)
3.It’s great for the party. 它很适合派对。(P4)
4.Everything is on sale. 65 元。所有商品都在特价。(P4)
5.Well, that’s a lot of money. I don’t think you need it. 嗯,这太贵了。我觉得你不需要它。(P4)
6.Every Sunday, Li Xiang goes to the supermarket with his mother. He always helps his mother carry the heavy bags. 每个周日,李翔都和妈妈去超市。他总是帮妈妈提重袋子。(P6)
7.Lingling is very careful. She always makes a shopping list and looks for the best prices.
玲玲很细心。她总是列购物清单,并且寻找最优惠的价格。(P6)
8.She likes a skirt very much, but she doesn’t really need it. So she decides not to buy it.
她很喜欢一条裙子,但并不是真的需要。所以她决定不买。(P6)
9.Li Xiang is a smart shopper. He often shops in the supermarket.
李翔是个精明的购物者。他经常去超市购物。(P8)
10. He always makes a shopping list and only buys things on the list.
他总是列购物清单,只买清单上的东西。(P8)
11. He also likes to look for sales, so he can buy things at good prices.
他也喜欢找促销活动,这样就能以优惠价格买东西。(P8)
12.He always checks the price and date before he makes a choice. 他做选择前总会检查价格和日期。(P8)
13.If he can share something with his friends, he never wastes money on the same thing.
如果能和朋友分享,他绝不会在同样的东西上浪费钱。(P8)
三、功能句
1.What do you need to buy? 你需要买什么?(P4)
2.How about going to the shopping mall this Sunday? 这周日去购物中心怎么样?(P4)
3.This can help him save time and money as well. 这也能帮他节省时间和金钱。(P8)
4.He is also very careful not to waste money. 他也很注意不浪费钱。(P8)
5.At the start of every month, I always make a shopping list to save time and carefully plan how to spend my pocket money.
每个月初,我都会列购物清单来节省时间,并仔细规划如何使用零花钱。(P13)
6.I check the ads to look for things on sale. 我看广告找特价商品。(P13)
7.Be a smart shopper! We can save money and time.
做个精明的购物者!我们可以省钱又省时。(P13)
四、写作句型
1.My parents give me some pocket money every month. I always try my best to save money and be a smart shopper. 我父母每个月给我一些零花钱。我总是尽力省钱,做一个精明的购物者。(P13)
2.At the store, I check the ads to look for things on sale. That way, I can find some cheap and good clothes at the end of the season.
在店里,我看广告找特价商品。这样我就能在季末买到物美价廉的衣服。(P13)
3.I also check the prices of the same things at different stores. 我也会对比不同店铺里同款商品的价格。(P13)
语法梳理
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学科网(北京)股份有限公司
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
量词
量词:表示人、事物或动作的数量单位的词。在英语中,量词可以帮助可数名词和不可数名词表示数量,使数量表达更加准确。
在使用量词之前,学生必须先学会区分可数名词和不可数名词。这是整个量词语法的基础。
可数名词和不可数名词
可数名词
不可数名词
分单、复数两种形式
desk →desks
bus → buses
没有复数形式
tea
meat
前面可用基数词、不定冠
词修饰
three boys an orange
不可以被基数词和不定冠词直接修饰,若表示数量可用“单位词+不可数名词”
a piece of paper
two cups of tea
可数名词的复数前可用many,some, any修饰
many teachers
some friends
可用much, some, any修饰
some milk
much bread
量词可以分为两大类:表示确切数量和表示不确切数量。
(1)确切数量:
确切数量量词用于准确地描述物品的数量,结构为:数词 + 量词 + of + 名词。量词本身是可数名词,有单复数变化。
①数词+量词+of+可数名词复数 如:a box of apples 一箱苹果 there baskets of eggs 三篮子鸡蛋
②数词+量词+of+不可数名词 如: a cup of coffee 一杯咖啡 two kilos of rice 两千克大米
1. 常见量词搭配表
量词
含义
搭配示例
a piece of
一块/一片/一张
a piece of bread(一片面包)
a bottle of
一瓶
a bottle of juice(一瓶果汁)
a glass of
一杯
a glass of water(一杯水)
a cup of
一杯
a cup of tea(一杯茶)
a packet of
一包
a packet of meat(一包肉)
a box of
一盒/一箱
a box of apples(一箱苹果)
a bag of
一袋
a bag of rice(一袋米)
a kilo of
a kilo of 一公斤
a kilo of strawberries(一公斤草莓)
2. 量词的复数形式
当数量大于1时,量词需要变为复数形式。
单数
复数
a piece of bread
two pieces of bread
a bottle of juice
three bottles of juice
a kilo of strawberries
two kilos of strawberries
a box of apples
four boxes of apples
a packet of meat
several packets of meat
(2)不确切数量:
①只修饰可数名词复数
单词/短语
意思
单词/短语
意思
many
很多
many carrots
很多胡萝卜
too many
太多
too many things
太多事情
few
很少;几乎没有
few trees
没有几棵树
a few
少量;一些
a few bags of salt
几袋盐
a number of
许多;大量
a number of students
许多学生
these
这些
these books
这些书
those
那些
those children
那些儿童
a couple of
一对;几个
a couple of birds
几只小鸟
2只修饰不可数名词
单词/短语
意思
单词/短语
意思
much
很多
much water
很多水
too much
太多
too much salt
太多盐
little
很少;几乎没有
little meat
几乎没有肉
a little
少量;一些
a little chicken
一点鸡肉
a bit of
一点
a bit of food
一点食物
③既可以修饰可数名词复数也可以修饰不可数名词
单词/短语
意思
单词/短语
意思
some, any
一些
some coffee
一些咖啡
a lot of/lots of
plenty of
许多;大量
许多;大量
a lot of /lots of carrots
plenty of bees
许多胡萝卜
许多蜜蜂
most
大部分
most people
大部分人
3.扩展
(1)可数名词单数作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式;
(2)多个并列可数名词单数或可数名词复数作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。
(3)“数词+名词+形容词”构成的复合形容词,中间的名词须用单数形式。
如:five-year-old 5岁大的;
a five-yuan money 一张5元的钱
a six-foot-deep hole一个6英尺深的洞
(4)some 在否定句或一般疑问句中应变成any,但在表示请求、建议或希望得到肯定回答的问句中,不用变。
如:(肯定句) Xiao Lin has some bread for breakfast.小林早餐吃的面包。
(否定句)Xiao Lin doesn't have any bread for breakfast.小林早餐没吃面包。
(表示请求、邀请) Would you like some coffee?你想喝咖啡吗?
(希望得到肯定的回答)Do you have some stamps?你有邮票吗?
How 类疑问词详细讲解
疑问词组
中文含义
询问对象
常用结构
典型例句
How
怎样;如何
方式、状态、程度
How + 助动词/情态动词 + 主语 + 动词...?
①How do you go to school?(你怎样去上学?)
②How is your father?(你父亲身体怎么样?)
How many
多少
可数名词的数量
How many + 可数名词复数 + 一般疑问句?
How many apples do you want?(你想要多少个苹果?)
How much
多少
不可数名词的数量 / 价格
①How much + 不可数名词 + 一般疑问句?
②How much + 助动词 + 主语 + 动词?(问价格)
①How much water is in the bottle?(瓶子里有多少水?)
②How much is this T-shirt?(这件T恤多少钱?)
How often
多久一次
频率
How often + 一般疑问句?
How often do you go to the library?(你多久去一次图书馆?)
How long
多长
时间长度 / 物体长度
How long + 一般疑问句?
How long does it take to get there?(到那儿需要多长时间?)
How long is the river?(这条河多长?)
How far
多远
距离
How far + 一般疑问句?
How far is your home from school?(你家离学校多远?)
How old
多大(年龄)
年龄
How old + 一般疑问句?
How old is your brother?(你弟弟多大了?)
How soon
多久以后
将来动作发生的时间间隔
How soon + 一般将来时?
How soon will you come back?(你多久以后回来?)
How tall
多高
人或物体的高度
How tall + 一般疑问句?
How tall is Yao Ming?(姚明多高?)
How fast
多快(速度)
速度
How fast + 一般疑问句?
How fast can a cheetah run?(猎豹跑得有多快?)
单元写作
一、话题分析
本单元的主题是理性消费与购物技巧,要求围绕“如何成为聪明的购物者”展开写作。写作内容通常包括:描述购物经历、分析消费行为、提出合理建议,体现“聪明消费者”的思维品质。
常见的写作题型有两种:
议论文:讨论如何成为聪明的消费者,如比较价格、制定购物计划等
记叙文:描述一次购物经历,如买到物美价廉的商品或避免冲动消费的案例
二、核心词汇与句型
重点词汇
购物场所:shopping mall(购物中心)、market(市场)、bookstore(书店)、supermarket(超市)
购物行为:price(价格)、quality(质量)、compare(比较)、discount(折扣)、budget(预算)、need vs. want(需要 vs. 想要)、advertisement(广告)、save(节省)、waste(浪费)
聪明购物:list(清单)、on sale(特价出售)、choose(选择)、wisely(明智地)、expensive(昂贵的)
重点短语
make a shopping list 列购物清单
look for things on sale 寻找促销商品
compare prices 比较价格
check the prices 查看价格
try to spend as little as possible 尽量少花钱
buy what he needs 只买需要的东西
常用句型
开头句型:
Shopping is an important activity in our life. But how to shop wisely and be a smart shopper? Here are my ways. 购物是我们生活中重要的活动。但如何明智购物,成为一个聪明的购物者?以下是我的方法。
主体句型(介绍方法):
First, make a shopping list before you go out. Write down what you really need. 首先,出门前列一张购物清单,写下你真正需要的东西。
Second, compare prices at different stores. Sometimes the same thing has different prices. 其次,在不同商店比较价格。有时候同样的东西价格不同。
Third, look for sales. You can buy things at a lower price. 第三,寻找促销活动。你可以以更低的价格购买东西。
He only buys what he needs and tries to spend as little as possible. 他只买自己需要的东西,并尽量少花钱。
结尾句型:
Follow these tips, and you will be a smart shopper! 遵循这些小贴士,你也会成为一个聪明的购物者!
Let's be smart shoppers to save money and time! 让我们一起成为聪明的购物者,节省金钱和时间!
三、写作框架与范文
写作框架
本单元写作建议采用总分总的结构,条理清晰、逻辑连贯:
部分
内容要点
开头(总)
点明主题,表明自己努力成为聪明购物者的态度
主体(分)
分点介绍聪明的购物方法:购物前列清单、规划花费;购物时查看促销、比较价格、检查质量
结尾(总)
总结观点,呼吁大家成为聪明的购物者
写作时注意运用恰当的连接词(first, second, third, finally等),使文章层次分明。同时要正确使用一般现在时表达习惯性的购物行为。
参考范文一:How to Be a Smart Shopper
Shopping is an important activity in our life. But how to shop wisely and be a smart shopper? Here are my ways.
First, make a shopping list before you go out. Write down what you really need. This can help you not buy things you don’t need. Second, compare prices at different stores. Sometimes the same thing has different prices. You can save money by choosing the cheaper one. Third, look for sales. Many stores have sales on weekends or holidays. You can buy things at a lower price.
Follow these tips, and you will be a smart shopper!
这篇范文采用了总分总的结构:首段引入主题,中间用 first、second、third 依次介绍三种购物方法,结尾总结呼吁。语言简洁,逻辑清晰,适合七年级水平。
参考范文二:My Shopping Experience
Last Sunday, I went shopping with my mom at a supermarket near our home. Before going, we made a shopping list of things we really needed. We bought some apples, a bag of rice, and two bottles of milk. I compared the prices of different brands and chose the cheaper ones. There was also a sale on drinks, so we bought some juice at a lower price. We didn’t buy things we didn’t need. I think we were smart shoppers!
这篇范文采用记叙文体裁,描述了一次具体的购物经历,包含:购物地点、购物前准备、购买物品、聪明购物策略和感受总结。适合60词左右的写作要求。
四、写作建议与注意事项
①列要点再动笔:下笔前先用思维导图列出文章结构,明确开头、主体和结尾分别写什么,避免跑题或遗漏内容。
②善用连接词:使用 first、second、third、finally 等连接词,让文章层次分明、逻辑清晰。
③注意时态:介绍一般的购物习惯用一般现在时;描述过去的购物经历用一般过去时。
④检查语言细节:写完通读一遍,检查句子是否通顺、拼写是否正确(注意 pocket、shopping、price 等易错词的拼写)。
⑤紧扣主题:本单元的核心是“理性消费”与“聪明购物”,所有内容都要围绕如何理性花钱、节省金钱展开,不要偏离主题。
Unit 8 Our Blue Planet
重点单词变形
1.million num. 一百万
变形:___________数百万(复数)
搭配:___________ 一百万人;
___________数百万颗星星
2.large adj. 大的
变形:___________更大的;
___________ 最大的;
___________ adv. 大部分
搭配:___________ 大量的;
___________ 和……一样大
拓展:___________ n. 巨大;
___________ v. 扩大
3.deep adj. 深的
变形:___________ 更深的;
___________ 最深的;
___________ adv. 深深地
拓展:___________ n. 深度;___________ v. 加深
4.drop v. 掉落
搭配:___________ 掉下杯子;
___________ 顺便拜访;
___________辍学
5.useful adj. 有用的
搭配:___________ 有用的信息
拓展:___________ n./v. 使用;
___________ adj. 无用的
6.fact n. 事实
搭配:___________ 事实上
拓展:___________adj. 事实的
7.valuable adj. 宝贵的
搭配:___________宝贵的时间;
___________宝贵的经验
拓展:__________ n. 价值;__________adj. 无价的
8.collect v. 收集
搭配:___________集邮
拓展:___________n. 收藏;
___________n. 收藏家
9.worry v. 担心
变形:___________担心(三单);___________过去式/过去分词;___________现在分词
搭配:___________担心;
___________ 别担心;
___________. 使某人担心
拓展:___________adj. 担心的;
___________ adj. 令人担心的
10.cover v. 覆盖
变形:___________ 覆盖(三单);
___________ 过去式/过去分词;
___________ 现在分词
搭配:___________ 用……覆盖;
___________ 掩盖
拓展:cover n. 封面;
coverage n. 覆盖范围
11.suggestion n. 建议
拓展:___________v. 建议
12.information n. 信息
搭配:___________ 一条信息;
___________信息技术
拓展:___________v. 通知;
___________adj. 信息丰富的
13.dirty adj. 脏的
变形:___________ 更脏的;
___________ 最脏的;
___________adv. 脏地
拓展:dirt n. 灰尘;
dirty v. 弄脏
14.throw v. 扔
变形:throws 扔(三单);
threw 过去式;
thrown 过去分词;
throwing 现在分词
搭配:___________ 扔掉
拓展:___________n. 投掷者
15.provide v. 提供
搭配:___________为某人提供某物;
拓展:___________n. 供给;
___________ n. 提供者
16.protect v. 保护
搭配:___________保护环境
拓展:___________ n. 保护;
___________ adj. 保护的
17.shock v. 使震惊
拓展:___________ n. 震惊;
___________adj. 令人震惊的
18.develop v. 发展
变形:develops 发展(三单);
developed 过去式/过去分词;
developing 现在分词
搭配:___________养成习惯;
___________发展国家
拓展:development n. 发展;
developer n. 开发者
19.count v. 数数
搭配:___________数数字;
___________依靠;
___________ 倒计时
拓展:___________ n. 计数器;
___________ adj. 可数的
重点短语
1.__________________ 一个99米高的瀑布
2.__________________ 流经,穿流
3.__________________ 一个古老的淡水湖
4.__________________ 内陆海
5.__________________ 四大洋之一
6.__________________ 中国的母亲河
7.__________________ 进入/上升到天空
8.__________________ 众所周知
9.__________________ 在地球上
10.__________________ 因为,由于
11.__________________ 节约每一滴水
12.__________________ 充满
13.__________________ 捕鱼
14.__________________ 在地图上
15.__________________ 关掉水龙头
16.__________________ 所有的生物
17.__________________ 在家里
18.__________________ 锻炼
19.__________________ 在晴朗的天气
20.__________________ 变成云
21.__________________ 在天空中
22.__________________ 水循环
23.__________________ 形成水珠
24.__________________ 刷牙
25.__________________ 事实上
26.__________________ 是……所在地/栖息地
27.__________________ 对……有价值
28.__________________ 快速洗个澡
29.__________________ 一周一次
30.__________________ 重复利用水
31.__________________ 挖一口井
32.__________________ 担心
33.__________________ 有影响;起作用
34.__________________ 敲门
35.__________________ 进来
36.__________________ 拯救我们的星球
37.__________________ 寻找,搜查
38.__________________ 世界水日
39.__________________ 搜索信息
40.__________________ 收集雨水
41.__________________ 从……开始
42.__________________ 例如
43.__________________ 洗衣机
44.__________________ 扔掉
45.__________________ 饮用水瓶
46.__________________ 当心,小心
47.__________________ 确定做某事
48.__________________ 向某人提供某物
49.__________________ 我们的健康
50.__________________ 一个16岁的男孩
51.__________________ 塑料袋
52.__________________ 一个大垃圾桶
53.__________________ 打扫,清理
54.__________________ 进入,陷入
55.__________________ 看起来像
56.__________________ 决定做某事
57.__________________ 尽可能多的衣服
58.__________________ 每次
59.__________________ 总之,简言之
60.__________________ 养成……的习惯
61.__________________ 从现在开始
用法精萃
start to do sth. 开始做某事
put sth. on sp. 把某物放在某地
keep sth./sb. doing 让某物/某人一直做某事
be sure to do sth. 确定 / 必然做某事
provide sth. for sb. = provide sb. with sth.
向某人提供某物
decide to do sth.决定做某事
重点句型
一、情景表达类
1.Kangkang, what do you know about the Nile River?(20)康康,你对尼罗河了解多少?
2.How long is it?(20)它有多长?
3.It runs through eastern Africa.(20)它流经非洲东部。
4.It’s 6,671 kilometers long.(20)它有 6671 千米长。
5.Mom, where does water come from?(22)妈妈,水是从哪里来的?
6.Let’s save every drop of water.(22)让我们珍惜每一滴水。
7.Come in, please.(29)请进。
8.Oh, don’t put it here. Please put it on that big chair.(29)
哦,别把它放在这儿。请把它放在那把大椅子上。
9.Miss Wang, here is the poster about saving the ocean. Can I put it on this table?(29)
王老师,这是关于保护海洋的海报,我能把它放在这张桌子上吗?
二、主题描写类
1.As we all know, water is very important to us.(22)
众所周知,水对我们来说非常重要。
2.There is water everywhere. It’s under the ground, in the ocean and in the sky.(22)
到处都有水,地下水、海水还有天上的水。
3.On sunny days, water goes up into the sky and forms clouds.(22) 晴天时,水会升到空中形成云朵。
4.We need to drink water every day and we also use a lot of water in our life.(22)
我们每天都需要喝水,生活中也会用到大量的水。
5.But we can only use about 1% of the water on the earth. The rest is all sea water or ice.(22)
但是我们只能使用地球上大约 1% 的水,剩下的都是海水和冰。
6.Water is very useful. At home, we use water to cook, do washing or cleaning.(24)
水非常有用,在家里,我们用水做饭、洗衣服或者打扫卫生。
7.Outside home, we can travel by water, do exercise in water, and have fun with water.(24)
在户外,我们可以水路出行、在水中运动,还可以玩水消遣。
8.Do you know the water cycle?(25)你知道水循环吗?
9.Water in the air gets cold, makes clouds and then forms water drops.(25)
空气中的水遇冷形成云朵,然后凝结成水滴。
10.The drops fall and it rains. Rainwater goes into rivers, lakes and oceans.(25)
雨滴落下,于是下雨了。雨水流入河流、湖泊和海洋之中。
11.As a matter of fact, the desert is home to many people.(26)事实上,沙漠是很多人的家园。
12.Water is so important and valuable for them.(26)水对他们来说至关重要,且意义重大。
13.They can only take a quick shower once a week.(26)他们一周只能快速洗一次澡。
14.We all need water, but there isn’t enough water on the earth.(31)
我们都需要水,但是地球上的水资源并不充足。
15.In short, we need to develop the habit of saving water. Remember, every drop counts!(35)
总之,我们要养成节约用水的习惯。记住,每一滴水都很珍贵!
三、话题写作素材
1.During the shower, they must collect the water. After the shower, they reuse the water.(26)
洗澡时他们必须收集水,洗完澡后再重复利用这些水。
2.Most people get water from the underground, so they have to spend a lot of money digging wells.(26)
大多数人从地下取水,所以他们不得不花很多钱挖井。
3.I don’t need to worry about water, but now I start to save water.(26)
我不用担心缺水的问题,但现在我开始节约用水了。
4.Join me and let’s make a difference together.(26)加入我吧,让我们一起做出改变。
5.You can start with little things to save water at home.(31)
你可以从身边的小事做起,在家里节约用水。
6.For example, turn off the tap when brushing your teeth.(31)
比如,刷牙的时候关掉水龙头。
7.Don’t use the washing machine for just a few dirty clothes; and take a shower, not a bath.(31)
不要只因为几件脏衣服就用洗衣机,洗澡选择淋浴而非盆浴。
8.Don’t throw away drinking water bottles when there is still water in them.(31)
水瓶里还有水的时候,不要把它扔掉。
9.Always be careful! And you are sure to find many ways to save water.(31)
时刻留心,你一定能找到很多节约用水的方法。
10.Forests can provide home for plants and animals; they can also keep the air clean and fresh.(33)
森林能为动植物提供栖息地,还能保持空气清新。
11.He sees a lot of plastic bags in the sea. The sea looks like a big rubbish bin.(34)
他看到海里有很多塑料袋,大海看起来就像一个大垃圾桶。
12.This gives him a great shock.(34)这让他大为震惊。
13.He and other people start to clean up the rubbish in the sea.(34)他和其他人开始清理海里的垃圾。
14.They make full use of a big machine for their cleaning work.(34)
他们充分利用一台大型机器开展清理工作。
15.We need to save water from now on.(35) 我们要从现在开始节约用水。
16.We should make full use of water and not waste it.(35)我们应该充分利用水资源,不浪费水
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学科网(北京)股份有限公司
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
语法精讲
基数词
1. 基数词的构成
构成
例词
构成
例词
1-12为独立的单词
one two three eleven twelve
几十几
45: forty-five
13-19以-teen结尾
thirteen fifteen eighteen
几百几
278: two hundred and seventy-eight
整十数
twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, ninety
易错点
4,14,40:four;fourteen;forty
2.基数词的用法
①表示日期。年用基数词,日用序数词:March 1st, 2024
②表示时刻。几点过几分,用past;差几分到几点,用to。如:4:10 ten past four 4:45 a quarter to five
③表顺序和编号。“名词+基数词”,首字母大写:Room 203
④表示电话号码。用基数词,单个读。重复数字可读double。
⑤表示年代。in the+年份复数: in the 1940s 在20世纪40年代
⑥表示年龄。“基数词+years old”:20 years old 20岁
“at the age of+基数词”: at the age of 20 在20岁
“in one’s +整十数复数”:in her fifties 在她50多岁时
⑦表示倍数和次数。一次once,两倍/次twice,三倍/次及以上用“基数词+times”:four times四倍/次
⑧基数词+概数词(hundred/thousand/million)+名词复数,表示确切的数字。如:nine hundred dollars 九百美元
【拓展】
1.“基数词+连字符+单数名词”相当于复合形容词。如:a five-minute ride=five minutes’ ride 骑车5分钟的路程
2.“another+基数词+可数名词复数”=基数词+more+可数名词复数,如:another two bags= two more bags 另外两个包
3.基数词与表示时间、距离、重量、金钱、度量等词连用作主语时,常被看作是一个整体,谓语动词用单数。如:
Twenty years is quite a long time. 20年真的是很长的一段时间。
基数词变序数词的规则
①第1至第3: first, second, third
②第4至第19,基数词+-th: fourth,eleventh(特殊记:fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth)
③整十数,基数词词尾-y变-i加-eth: twentieth, thirtieth
④几十几,个位变,十位不变: fifty-first
口诀助记:
基变序,有规律,末尾加上-th;一二三,特殊记,结尾各是t,d,d;八加-h,九去-e,-ve要用-f替;
以y结尾变-ie,后跟-th莫忘记;若想表示几十几,只变个位就可以。
Numbers(数字表达)
核心考点
1.大数读写规则(≥1000 的数)
规则:从右往左每 3 位为一个单位,依次是 thousand(千)、million(百万)、billion(十亿),单位之间用逗号分隔。
例句:
4,186 → four thousand, one hundred and eighty-six
45,390 → forty-five thousand, three hundred and ninety
6,363,000 → six million, three hundred and sixty-three thousand
易错点:hundred/thousand/million/billion 前有具体数字时,不加 s;表示 “成千上万” 等泛指时,加 s 并接 of(如 thousands of)。
2.数字在情景中的应用
常见场景:描述面积、长度、数量等地理 / 生活数据。
例句:
1.The Qinghai Lake covers about 4,600 square kilometers.(青海湖面积约 4600 平方千米)
2.Oceans cover about 360,000,000 square kilometers of the earth.(海洋覆盖地球约 3.6 亿平方千米)
3.数字拼写补充
1.百位与十位之间加 and(英式用法,美式可省略),如 45,390 → forty-five thousand, three hundred and ninety。
2.十亿以上数字:1,386,000,000 → one billion, three hundred and eighty-six million。
祈使句
1.定义:祈使句是用于表示请求、命令、劝告、建议、警告等的句子。
通常以动词原形开头,没有时态和数的变化。
其具体结构如下:
类型
肯定结构及例句
否定结构及例句
Do型
动词原形+其他:Open the door.
Don’t +动词原形+其他:Don’t stand up!
Be型
Be+表语:Be quiet!
Don’t+be+表语:Don’t be late for class!
Let型
Let+宾语+动词原形+其他:Let’s have another try.
Don’t +let+宾语+动词原形+其他:Don’t let the boy draw here.
Let+宾语+not+动词原形+其他:Let’s not wait outside the gate.
Never型
——
Never+动词原形:Never leave today’s work till tomorrow.
No型
——
No+名词/动名词:No parking!
【拓展】
1.Let’s开头的祈使句,其答语通常为“Good idea./OK.”等。其他祈使句的答语通常用一般将来时。否定祈使句的答语常用“Sorry/No, I won’t (do it again).”等。如:
-Let’s go to the park. -Good idea.
-Please remember to bring my notebook to school. -OK, I will.
2.“祈使句+and/or+陈述句(表结果)”结构,可转换为含if引导的条件状语从句的复合句。 如:
Work harder, and you will find it not difficult to learn.=If you work harder, you will find it not difficult to learn. 再努力些,你就会发现学习并不难。
3. 否定形式的两种表达
Don't + 动词原形(最常用):Don't run in the hallways.
No + 动名词(常用于标识):No smoking. No parking.
单元写作
一、话题分析
本单元的主题是 “我们的蓝色星球” ,属于“人与自然”范畴,涉及“自然生态”“环境保护”主题群下的“世界不同地区的生态特征与自然景观”以及“环保意识和行为”等子主题。本单元的核心问题是 “Why is water important?” ,引导学生思考水资源的重要性,探究单元主题意义。
写作内容通常围绕以下方向展开:
议论文:阐述水的重要性,分析水资源现状,提出节约用水和保护地球的措施
记叙文:描述一次环保行动或节水经历,分享自己的做法和感受
倡议书/演讲稿:呼吁大家行动起来,共同保护地球环境
写作时建议采用“提出问题——分析问题——解决问题”的结构,语言简洁明了,内容贴近日常生活,表达真诚有说服力。
二、核心词汇与句型
重点词汇
地球与自然
planet 行星 / ocean 海洋 / river 河流 / lake 湖泊
waterfall 瀑布 / forest 森林 / desert 沙漠
earth 地球 / nature 自然
水资源
water 水 / fresh water 淡水 / drinking water 饮用水
water cycle 水循环 / save water 节约用水
waste water 浪费水 / pollute water 污染水
water shortage 水资源短缺 / water resource 水资源
环保行动
protect 保护 / environment 环境 / pollution 污染
recycle 回收利用 / reduce 减少 / reuse 再利用
plastic bags 塑料袋 / throw 扔 / rubbish 垃圾
plant trees 种树 / pick up rubbish 捡垃圾
形容词
clean 干净的 / dirty 肮脏的 / important 重要的 / valuable 宝贵的 / limited 有限的
重点短语
on the earth 在地球上
talk about… 谈论……
a 99-meter-high waterfall 一个99米高的瀑布
run through 贯穿;流过
on a sunny day 在晴天
provide sth. for sb. / provide sb. with sth. 为某人提供某物
be important to sb. 对某人很重要
in short 总之;简言之
from now on 从今以后
start to do sth. 开始做某事
make a difference 产生影响
search for information online 上网查找信息
throw…into… 把……扔进……
as we all know 众所周知
常用句型
开头句型(引出话题):
The earth is our only blue planet. We must take good care of it. 地球是我们唯一的蓝色星球。我们必须好好爱护它。
As we all know, water is very important to us. 众所周知,水对我们非常重要。
The earth is our home. We all have a common home. 地球是我们的家。我们都有一个共同的家。
主体句型(陈述重要性 + 提出建议):
We all need water, but there isn’t enough fresh water on the earth, so we need to save water. 我们都需要水,但地球上没有足够的淡水,所以我们需要节约用水。
Trees provide food and shelter for humans and animals. 树木为人类和动物提供食物和庇护所。
Don’t throw plastic bags into the sea. 不要把塑料袋扔进海里。
We can save water by turning off the tap when we brush our teeth.
我们可以通过刷牙时关掉水龙头来节约用水。
Let’s search for information online to learn more about protecting the environment.
我们去网上查找信息,了解更多关于保护环境的知识吧。
In short, we should do our part to protect our blue planet.
总之,我们应该尽自己的一份力来保护我们的蓝色星球。
Everyone can make a difference if we act together.
如果我们一起行动,每个人都能带来改变。
结尾句型(总结呼吁):
Let’s work together to protect our beautiful planet! 让我们一起努力,保护我们美丽的星球!
From now on, let’s start to save water and protect the earth. 从现在开始,让我们行动起来,节约用水,保护地球。
If we don’t protect the earth, we will have no place to live in the future. 如果我们不保护地球,将来我们将无处可住。
三、写作框架与范文
本单元写作可采用“现象描述—原因分析—建议呼吁”的经典结构,逻辑清晰,易于掌握:
部分
内容要点
开头(总)
介绍地球的基本信息(如颜色、大小、家园属性),点明“地球是我们唯一的蓝色星球”这一主题
主体(分)
先说明地球面临的威胁(水资源短缺、污染等)及其重要性;再提出具体的保护措施,如节约用水、减少污染、植树等
结尾(总)
呼吁大家从自身做起,从小事做起,共同保护地球
写作时注意运用恰当的逻辑连接词(first, second, third, finally, in short等)使结构层次分明;一般现在时用于描述事实和提出建议;祈使句常用于表达环保倡议,简洁有力。
参考范文一:How to Protect Our Blue Planet
The earth is our blue planet and our only home. We all love it, but now it is in danger.
Why is the earth in danger? First, water pollution is getting worse. Many rivers and lakes are dirty. Second, people cut down too many trees. Third, some people throw rubbish into the sea.
What can we do to help? First, don’t waste water. Turn off the tap when you brush your teeth. Second, don’t throw plastic bags into the sea. Use fewer plastic bags. Third, plant more trees. Trees make the air clean.
In short, everyone can make a difference. Let’s work together to protect our blue planet!
参考范文二:Saving Water
Water is very important to us. We can’t live without water. But there is not enough fresh water on the earth. So we need to save water.
Here are some ways to save water. First, turn off the tap when you brush your teeth. Don’t let the water run all the time. Second, take a shower instead of a bath. This can save a lot of water. Third, fix dripping taps right away. A dripping tap can waste a lot of water in a day.
As we all know, every drop of water counts. Let’s start to save water from now on!
参考范文三:My Earth Day
Last Sunday was Earth Day. I did something meaningful to protect our planet.
In the morning, I made a poster about saving water. I wrote “Don’t waste water” on it and drew some pictures. Then I put it up at the school gate. In the afternoon, I went to the park with my friends. We picked up rubbish and put it into the bin. We also planted three small trees. We were tired but happy.
I learned that small actions can make a big difference. I will do more to protect our blue planet from now on.
参考范文四:The Importance of Water
Water is everywhere around us. We use water to drink, to wash, to cook and to clean. Without water, there would be no life on the earth.
Although about 75% of the earth is covered with water, only 3% of it is fresh water. Most of the fresh water is frozen in glaciers. That means only a little water is available for us to use. So we must not waste water.
From now on, let’s save every drop of water. Remember: when you save water, you save life!
4、 写作建议与注意事项
①列要点再动笔:下笔前先用思维导图或提纲列出文章结构,明确每一段写什么内容。本单元建议围绕“水的重要性—面临的威胁—我们该怎么做”来组织思路。
②善用数据增强说服力:适当运用数据能让文章更有说服力。例如:地球表面约75%被水覆盖,但只有约3%是淡水;一只滴漏的水龙头一天可能浪费几十升水等。这些数字能直观体现水资源问题的严重性。
③祈使句简洁有力:提出建议时多使用祈使句(Don’t waste water. / Turn off the tap. / Plant more trees.),语气直接有力,适合倡议类写作。
④注意时态:介绍一般事实和提出建议时用一般现在时;描述过去发生的环保活动时用一般过去时(如范文三)。注意不要混用时态。
⑤紧扣主题:本单元的核心是“水资源保护”与“地球环境”,所有内容都要围绕如何珍惜水资源、保护地球环境展开。如涉及“为什么地球是蓝色的”,可以简单解释是因为海洋覆盖了地球大部分表面,但最终落脚点还是要回到“保护”上来。
⑥检查拼写和语法:写完通读一遍,检查以下易错点:water、planet、environment、pollution、rubbish等单词的拼写;主谓是否一致;祈使句格式是否正确。
Unit 9 From Here to There
重点单词及变形
1.bank n. 银行
搭配:_____________银行账户
拓展:banker n. 银行家
2.bridge n. 桥
搭配:_____________ 过桥
拓展:_____________v. 架桥;
_____________连接
3.could modal v. 能
搭配:_____________ 你能帮我吗?
拓展:couldn't = could not
4.change v. 改变
搭配:_____________改变主意;
_____________ 换衣服;
_____________变成
拓展:change n. 变化/零钱;
exchange v. 交换
5.minute n. 分钟
搭配:_____________ 马上;
_____________ 等一下
6.build v. 建造
变形:builds 建造(三单);
built 过去式/过去分词;building 现在分词
搭配:_____________ 建房子;
_____________建立/增强;
_____________树立信心
拓展:building n. 建筑物;
builder n. 建筑工人
7.safe adj. 安全的
变形:_____________ 更安全的;
_____________最安全的;
_____________adv. 安全地
搭配:_____________ 安全的地方;
_____________ 安然无恙;
_____________ 安全驾驶
拓展:_____________ n. 安全;
_____________adj. 不安全的
反义:_____________ 危险的
8.myself pron. 我自己
搭配:_____________ 我自己(独自);
_____________玩得开心
9.sad adj. 难过的
变形:sadder 更难过的;
saddest 最难过的;
sadly adv. 难过地
拓展:_____________ n. 悲伤
10.unforgettable adj. 难忘的
搭配:_____________ 难忘的经历
_____________ 难忘的记忆
拓展:_____________v. 忘记;
_____________ adj. 易忘的
反义:forgettable 易忘的
11.hold v. 抓住
变形:holds 抓住(三单);
held 过去式/过去分词;
holding 现在分词
搭配:_____________坚持/等一下;
_____________ 开会;
_____________手拉手
拓展:_____________ n. 持有人
12.follow v. 遵循
搭配:_____________ 遵守规则;
_____________ 如下
拓展:_____________n. 追随者;
_____________adj. 接下来的
13.return v. 返回
搭配:_____________作为回报
拓展:_____________n. 返回/回报
14.hug v. 拥抱
变形:hugs 拥抱(三单);
hugged 过去式/过去分词;
hugging 现在分词
搭配:_____________ 拥抱;
15.clear adj. 晴朗的
变形:clearer 更晴朗的;
clearest 最晴朗的;
clearly adv. 清楚地
16.problem n. 难题
搭配:_____________解决问题;
_____________没问题;
17.happen v. 发生
搭配:_____________ 发生在……身上;
_____________ 碰巧;
拓展:happening n. 事件
18.add v. 增加
变形:adds 增加(三单);
added 过去式/过去分词;
adding 现在分词
搭配:_____________增加;
_____________ 加起来
19.cry v. 喊叫
变形:cries 喊叫(三单);
cried 过去式/过去分词;crying 现在分词
搭配:_____________大喊;
_____________呼救;
20.care v. 关心
变形:cares 关心(三单);
cared 过去式/过去分词;
caring 现在分词
搭配:_____________ 在乎;
_____________ 照顾;
_____________ 小心/保重
21. 拓展: _____________adj. 小心的;
_____________adj. 粗心的
_____________ adv. 突然
拓展:suddenness n. 突然
22.shake v. 摇动
变形:_____________ 摇动(三单);
_____________过去式;
_____________过去分词;
_____________现在分词
搭配:_____________ 握手;
_____________ 摇头;
_____________摆脱
23.sit v. 坐
变形:sits 坐(三单);
sat 过去式/过去分词;
sitting 现在分词
搭配:_____________坐下;
_____________坐直/熬夜;
_____________旁听
24.arrive v. 到达
拓展:_____________n. 到达
25.hear v. 听见
搭配:_____________听说;
_____________ 收到……来信
拓展:hearing n. 听力
26.easy adj. 容易的
变形:easier 更容易的;
easiest 最容易的;
easily adv. 容易地
27.famous adj. 著名的
搭配:_____________因……著名
28.exciting adj. 令人兴奋的
搭配:_____________令人兴奋的消息
拓展:_____________v. 使兴奋;
_____________ n. 兴奋
必背短语
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1.__________________ 在……对面
2.__________________ 在……的拐角处
3.__________________ 在淮海路
4.__________________ 在……对面
5.__________________ 在……和……之间
6.__________________ 紧挨着……
7.__________________ 四处走动;游览
8.__________________ 迷路
9.__________________ 给某人指去……的路
10.__________________ 到达……
11.__________________ 需要做某事
12.__________________ 下车
13.__________________ 换乘;转向
14.__________________ 多远
15.__________________ 寻找……
16.__________________ 沿着……走
17.__________________ 向左转
18.__________________ 从事;致力于
19.__________________ 在你的右边
20.__________________ 从前
21.__________________ 迷路
22.__________________ 步行
23.__________________ 由水路;乘船
24.__________________ 做某事的方法
25.__________________ 开始做某事
26.__________________ 高速列车
27.__________________ 在短时间内
28.__________________ 代表……;象征……
29.__________________ 考虑……
30.__________________ 在街上
31.__________________ 在……前面
32.__________________ 最后
33.__________________ 回到……
34.__________________ 建立……;设立……
35.__________________ 为……做准备
36.__________________ 一段时间
37.__________________ 淡水
38.__________________ 找到回去的路
39.__________________ 握住某人的手
40.__________________ 告诉某人做某事
41.__________________ 拿出……;取出……
42.__________________ 很高兴做某事
43.__________________ 给某人一个拥抱
44.__________________ 在某人的旅行中
45.__________________ 安全问题
46.__________________ 解决问题
47.__________________ 穿过……
48.__________________ 在门后面
49.__________________ 在左边
50.__________________ 在……尽头;在……末尾
51.__________________ 发生在……身上
52.__________________ 向某人求助
53.__________________ 去露营
54.__________________ 张贴……;搭建……
55.__________________ 一阵大风
56.__________________ 呼喊
57.__________________ 在树上(外来物)
58.__________________ 向上看;查阅
59.__________________ 生火
60.__________________ 围坐
61.__________________ 玩得开心
62.__________________ 在……顶部
63.__________________ 到达(小地点)
64.__________________ 太……而不能……
65.__________________ 听到某人做某事
66.__________________ 拍照
67.__________________ 在……的拐角处
68.__________________ 因……而著名
69.__________________ 沿着……走
70.__________________ 在第一个转弯处
用法精萃
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try to do sth. 尝试做某事,努力去做某事
too … to … 太…… 而不能……
show sb the way to…给某人指去…的路
need to do sth 需要做某事
start to do sth 开始做某事
tell sb to do sth 告诉某人做某事
be happy to do sth 很高兴做某事
ask sb for help 向某人求助
hear sb do sth 听到某人做某事
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重点句型
一、情景表达类
1.Excuse me, is there a bank near here?(P38)
劳驾,这附近有银行吗?
2. Yes, there is. It's on Huaihai Road.(P38)
有,它在淮海路上。
3.Could you show me the way to the Jianguo Hotel?(P40)
你能告诉我去建国饭店的路吗?
3. How far is it?(P40)
有多远?
5.About 15 kilometers. And it takes 10 minutes on the underground, and 20 minutes on the bus.(P40)
大约 15 公里,坐地铁要 10 分钟,坐公交车要 20 分钟。
6. Go along Huanghe Road until you get to the first crossing.(P40)
沿着黄河路一直走到第一个十字路口。
7. Turn left and walk on. You can see it on your right.(P40)
左转继续走,你能在右手边看到它。
8. Kangkang, what happened to you just now?(P47)
康康,你刚才怎么了?
9. I didn't find the way to your community. I was lost.(P47)
我没找到去你小区的路,我迷路了。
二、主题描写类
1.The hospital is across from the hotel.(P38)
这家医院在饭店的对面。
2. The bank is on the corner of Xinhua Street and Zhongshan Road.(P38)
这家银行在新华大街和中山路的拐角处。
3. First, people could travel only on foot.(P42)
起初,人们只能步行出行。
4. Then, they started to get around by using animals.(P42)
后来,他们开始用牲畜代步。
5. Now, people have planes and high-speed trains. They can travel far in a short time.(P42)
现在,人们有了飞机和高铁,能在短时间内去很远的地方。
6. At first, my father and I set up the tent, and my mother prepared for dinner.(P44)
一开始,我和爸爸搭帐篷,妈妈准备晚饭。
7. We followed the map all the way back.(P44)
我们一路跟着地图往回走。
8. Finally, we returned to our tent.(P44)
最后,我们回到了我们的帐篷。
9. Last Sunday, Xiao Ya went camping with her mom and her sister.(P47)
上周日,小雅和妈妈、姐姐一起去露营了。
10. This summer, I went to the North Mountain near my hometown with my family.(P49)
今年夏天,我和家人去了家乡附近的北山。
11. In the evening, we arrived at the top of the mountain and set up the tent.(P49)
晚上,我们到达了山顶,然后搭起了帐篷。
12. Jiuzhaigou is in Sichuan, China. It's famous for its beautiful mountains, forests and lakes.(P53)
九寨沟在中国四川,它因美丽的山川、森林和湖泊而闻名。
13. Go straight along this road, and you will find it on your left.(P53)
沿着这条路直行,你会在左手边找到它。
三、话题写作素材(旅行叙事)
1.Last weekend, we had an unforgettable trip to a forest park.(P44)
上周末,我们去森林公园进行了一次难忘的旅行。
2.It was lots of fun.(P44)那非常有趣。
3.We tried to build a fire to keep warm.(P47)
我们努力生火来取暖。
4. I fell down on the way.(P47)
我在路上摔倒了。
5. My sister held my hand and helped me stand up.(P47)
我姐姐抓住我的手,帮我站了起来。
6. We took out some fruit and drinks from our schoolbags.(P47)
我们从书包里拿出了一些水果和饮料。
7. We went fishing by the lake and caught some small fish.(P49)
我们去湖边钓鱼,钓到了一些小鱼。
8. It was a wonderful trip. We must always put safety first.(P49)
这是一次美好的旅行,我们必须始终把安全放在首位。
9. We had an exciting trip! I felt tired but happy after the trip.(P53)
我们的旅行非常刺激!旅行结束后,我感觉累但很开心。
10. In the end, we took many photos and went back home happily.(P49)
最后,我们拍了很多照片,开开心心地回家了。
语法梳理
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方位介词
方位介词:用于表示物体之间的位置关系,是介词考查中的重点(占语法题20%-25%)。
(1) 表示场所的介词:at, in, on, under, by, near, between, around, opposite
(2) 表示方向的介词:into, out of, along, across, through, up, past
①at, in
at在某地(表示比较狭窄的场所)
at school上学 at home在家
stand at the door站在门边 at a factory在一家工厂
at the bottom of在……下面 at the party在聚会上
at the end of在……末尾 at the table在桌旁
at the station在火车站 at the crossroads在十字路口
at work在上班 at the bus stop在公共汽车站
►I’ ll meet him at the Beijing railway station. 我将去北京站接他。
in在某地(表示比较宽敞的场所)
in Beijing在北京
in the world在世界上
in the house在房子里
►His brother is in prison and was arrested 2 years ago. 他哥哥两年前被捕现在在监狱中服刑。
►She was born in China.她是在中国出生的。
②on, above, over, under, below
on在……上面,有接触面。
on the desk在桌子上面;on the map在地图上。
on在……靠近……的地方
on the right在右边 on the screen在屏幕上
on the river在河边 on the farm在农场
on the floor在地板上 on the island/beach在岛上/海滨 on the pavement在人行道上
above在……上方
►Our plane flew above the clouds.我们的飞机在云端上飞行。
over在……正上方,是under的反义词
►There is a light over Li Ming.李明的正上方有一盏灯。
►A few birds were flying over the sea.有几只鸟在海上飞。
►under在……下面;在……之内
under the table桌子下面 under the jacket在夹克内
►The dog is under the table.这只狗在桌子下面。
below在……下方(不一定是正下方) 正下方是under,below是above的反义词。
►There are a lot of fishes below the surface of the water.水面下有许多各式各样的鱼。
③near, by
near近的,不远的
near=not far,是far的反义词。near还可以指时间。
in the near future在不久的将来
►Is there a bus stop near here? 这儿附近有公共汽车站吗?
by在……旁边,距离比near要近
by the window在窗户旁边 by me在我旁边
►The boy is standing by the window. 这个男孩正站在窗户旁边。
④ between, among, around
between在两者之间
►My teacher is sitting between Tom and Mike.我们的老师正坐在汤姆和迈克之间。
►What’ s the difference between A and B? A和B之间有什么区别?
among在三者或更多的之中
►There is a beautiful house among the trees.在树林之中有一间漂亮的房子。
►He is very popular among the students.他在学生之中很受欢迎(很出名)。
around环绕,在……周围,在……四周
►We sat around the table.我们在桌子四周坐下来。
►The earth moves around the sun.地球围绕太阳转。
⑤ in front of,behind,opposite
in front of早……的前面;在……的前部
►There is a tree in front of the house.
►There is a big desk for the teacher in the front of the classroom. 在教室的前部有一张大讲桌。
behind在……后面 behind是in front of的反义词
►There is a tree behind my house. 我家房子后面有一颗树。
►There is a tree at the back of my house.我家房子后面有一棵树。
opposite在……对面
►Our school is opposite a university,我们学校在一所大学的对面。
►He stood opposite me.他站在我对面。
⑥ in, into, out of, up
in在……之内,用于表示静止的位置
►The students are in the classroom.学生们在教室里。
into进入用于表有特定终点的运动的方向。通常用于表示动作的动词之后,如go, come, walk, run等。
►The students run into the classroom.学生们跑进教室。
►He jumped into the water.他跳入水中。
out of和into一样,也表示有一定的运动方向
►The students rushed out of the room.学生们冲出房间。
out of的基本含义:从……到外面,离开;在……范围之外;从(某个数)之中 up移动
►The children climbed up the tree.孩子们爬上了树。
⑦ along, across, past, through
along沿着
►I was walking along the river when it began to rain.我正沿着河边散步,突然下起雨来了。
across横过
►I often swim across the river.我常游泳横渡这条河。
past经过
►Every day he runs past the city hall.他每天跑步经过市政府。
through贯穿,通过
►The sun shone through the clouds.阳光穿过云层照射下来。
►The river was through the city.这条河穿过这个城市。
一般过去时
(1)概念:表示过去某一时间发生的动作或存在的状态。
(2)用法:
①表示过去某个时间点或某一段时间内发生的动作或存在的状态。
表示过去经常或反复发生的动作,常和频率副词连用。
(3) 基本形式:
①谓语动词是be动词的一般过去时
②谓语动词是实义动词(行为动词)的一般过去时
一般过去时的句式:
(1)含有be动词的一般过去时的句式
句式
结构
例句
肯定句
主语+be动词(was/were)+其他.
I was late for school yesterday.我昨天上学迟到了。
否定句
主语+wasn't(was not)/weren't(were not)+其他.
I wasn't late for school yesterday.我昨天上学没迟到。
句式
结构
例句
一般疑问
句及其简
略回答
Was/Were+主语+其他?
肯定回答:Yes,主语+was/were.
否定回答:No,主语+wasn't/weren't.
—Were you late for school yesterday?你昨天上学迟到了吗?
—Yes, I was./No, I wasn't.是的,我迟到了。/不,我没迟到。
特殊疑
问句
特殊疑问词+was/were+主语+其他?
特殊疑问词(主语)+was/were+其他?
Why were you late for school yesterday?你昨天为什么上学迟到了?
Who was late for school yesterday?昨天谁上学迟到了?
(2)含有实义动词的一般过去时的句式
句式
结构
例句
肯定句
主语+实义动词的过去式+其他.
I went to school yesterday.我昨天去上学了。
否定句
主语+didn't+实义动词的原形+其他.
I didn't go to school yesterday.我昨天没去上学。
一般疑问
句及其简
略回答
Did+主语+实义动词的原形+其他?
肯定回答:Yes,主语+did.
否定回答:No,主语+didn't.
—Did you go to school yesterday?你昨天去上学了吗?
—Yes, I did./No, I didn't.是的,我去了。/不,我没去。
特殊疑问句
特殊疑问词+did+主语+实义动词的原形+其他?
特殊疑问词(主语)+实义动词的过去式+其他?
How did you go to school yesterday?你昨天怎么去上学的?
Who went to school yesterday?昨天谁去上学了?
单元写作
一、话题分析
本单元的主题是 “空间方位与交通出行” (From Here to There),属于“人与社会”范畴下“历史与社会”及“人与自然”范畴下“环境保护”主题群的交叉范畴。本单元的核心问题是 “What can make your trip safe and fun?” ,启发学生对旅行安全和乐趣进行思考。本单元在整套教材中承担着从基础交际向功能应用过渡的关键作用,前承Unit 7问路与指路的基础表达,后启八年级上册关于旅行计划与城市导览的综合语用任务。
写作内容通常围绕以下方向展开:
问路与指路:根据地图描述从A点到B点的路线,运用方位介词和祈使句进行路线指引
描述旅行经历:按照时间顺序记叙一次旅行过程,包括出发、途中、到达和感受
交通方式介绍:描述从一处到另一处可选的交通方式及其优缺点
社区地图绘制与描述:以小组合作形式绘制社区地图,并用英语进行路线解说
写作时建议以“起点—过程—终点”为主线,按照空间顺序或时间顺序组织内容,语言简洁准确,方位表达清晰明了。
二、核心词汇与句型
重点词汇
交通方式(Transportation)
transport 交通;运输 subway地铁 bus 公共汽车
train 火车 plane飞机 bike 自行车
walk 步行
方位与方向(Directions)
direction 方向;方位 left 左边(的);向左 right右边(的);向右
straight直的;径直地 cross穿过 across穿过;越过
along沿着 turn转动;转向;转弯
地点与设施(Places & Facilities)
hospital 医院 / bank 银行 / post office 邮局
cinema 电影院 / supermarket 超市 / library 图书馆
bus stop 公交车站 / train station 火车站 / airport 机场
police station 警察局 / park 公园 / school 学校
动词(Verbs)
arrive 到达(arrive at + 小地点;arrive in + 大地点)reach 到达(直接接地点名词)
wait 等待(wait for) go 去;走
形容词/副词(Adjectives & Adverbs)
far 远的(far from 远离)
slow 慢的 / fast 快的
public 公共的(public transport 公共交通)
核心方位介词(Prepositions of Place)
next to
紧邻;在……旁边
The bank is next to the post office.
across from
在……对面
The library is across from the supermarket.
on the corner of
在……拐角处
The cinema is on the corner of Main Street.
between
在……之间
The school is between the park and the hospital.
in front of
在……前面
The bus stop is in front of the bank.
behind
在……后面
The park is behind the library.
时间介词(Prepositions of Time)
介词
用法
示例
in
年、月、季节、泛指早中晚
in 2026, in spring, in the morning
on
具体某一天、某天的早中晚
on Sunday, on June 5th
at
具体时刻、固定搭配
at 8:00, at noon
重点短语
交通相关:
by bus / by subway / by train / by plane 乘公交/地铁/火车/飞机
take the bus / take the subway 乘公交车/乘地铁
ride a bike 骑自行车
on foot 步行
bus stop 公交车站
train station 火车站
public transport 公共交通
far from 远离
方位与路线:
go straight ahead 一直向前走
turn left / turn right 向左转 / 向右转
cross the road 过马路
walk along the street 沿着街道走
on the left / on the right 在左边 / 在右边
at the traffic lights 在红绿灯
问路与指路:
Excuse me. Where is the…? 打扰一下,……在哪里?
How can I get to…? 我怎样才能到达……?
Can you tell me the way to…? 你能告诉我去……的路吗?
It’s next to / across from / between… 它在……旁边/对面/之间。
Go straight and turn left at the corner. 直走,在拐角处左转。
It’s about 10 minutes’ walk. 步行大约10分钟。
旅行经历:
set off / set out 出发
arrive at / arrive in 到达
get to 到达
have a good trip 旅途愉快
take photos 拍照
have a picnic 野餐
go camping 去露营
常用句型
开头句型(引入话题):
Last weekend, my family and I went on a trip to the park. 上个周末,我和家人去公园旅行了。
Do you know how to get from here to the library? Let me show you. 你知道从这里怎么去图书馆吗?让我来告诉你。
There are many ways to get to the city center. 去市中心有很多种方式。
Going on a trip is always exciting. 旅行总是令人兴奋的。
主体句型(问路与指路):
First, go straight along this road. Then turn left at the first crossing. 首先,沿着这条路直走,然后在第一个十字路口左转。
The bank is next to the post office, across from the supermarket.
银行在邮局旁边,在超市对面。
You can take the No. 2 bus. It will take you to the train station.
你可以乘坐2路公交车,它会带你去火车站。
The supermarket is on the corner of Main Street and Park Road.
超市在主街和公园路的拐角处。
Go past the park, and you will see the library on your left.
经过公园,你会看到图书馆在你的左边。
主体句型(描述旅行经历):
We set off at 8:00 in the morning and arrived at the foot of the mountain two hours later.
我们早上8点出发,两小时后到达山脚下。
First, we took the subway to the city center. Then we walked to the museum.
首先,我们乘地铁到市中心,然后步行去博物馆。
We took many beautiful photos and had a picnic by the lake.
我们拍了很多漂亮的照片,还在湖边野餐了。
The view from the top of the hill was amazing! 山顶的景色太美了!
结尾句型(总结感受):
What a wonderful trip we had! 多么美妙的旅行啊!
I learned that traveling is not only fun but also a good way to learn about the world.
我明白了旅行不仅有趣,也是了解世界的好方式。
I hope to go on more trips like this in the future. 我希望将来能有更多这样的旅行。
Following the map is easy if you know the directions well. 如果你熟悉方向,看地图就很容易。
三、写作框架与范文
本单元写作可基于不同体裁,灵活选用写作框架:
框架一:指路/路线说明类(Description of Directions)
部分
内容要点
开头
点明起点和终点,说明要描述什么路线
主体
按空间顺序依次描述路线:从起点出发 → 途经哪些地点 → 在何处转弯 → 经过什么标志 → 到达目的地;可提供多种交通方式选择
结尾
总结路线,表达祝福或鼓励
框架二:旅行经历记叙类(Travel Experience)
部分
内容要点
开头
交代时间、人物、地点和出行目的
主体
按时间顺序记叙旅行过程:出发前准备 → 路途中的经历 → 到达后的活动(描述所见、所做、所感)
结尾
总结感受,表达对旅行的感悟或未来的期待
写作时注意运用恰当的连接词(first, then, next, after that, finally等)使文章层次分明、逻辑清晰;根据文章类型正确使用时态:指路说明类用一般现在时,旅行经历记叙类用一般过去时;祈使句常用于指路,简洁有力。
参考范文一:How to Get to the Library
Do you know how to get from the school to the city library? Let me show you.
First, go out of the school gate and turn right onto Main Street. Walk straight ahead for about five minutes. You will see a big supermarket on your left. Next, turn left at the traffic lights. The library is just across from the supermarket, next to the post office. You can’t miss it.
If you don’t want to walk, you can take the No. 5 bus. The bus stop is in front of the school. The bus will take you right to the library.
It’s very easy to find. Give it a try!
这篇范文采用“开头介绍目的—主体按顺序指路—结尾鼓励尝试”的结构,运用了 first, next, then 等连接词,并提供了步行和公交两种选择,内容实用清晰。
参考范文二:A Trip to the Forest Park
Last summer, my family and I went on a trip to the Forest Park. It was an unforgettable experience.
We set off at 7:00 in the morning. First, we took the subway to the city center. Then we took a bus to the park. It took us about two hours to get there. After we arrived, we put up our tent by the lake. We cooked lunch together and had a picnic. In the afternoon, we took a walk in the forest. The air was fresh, and the birds were singing beautifully. We took many photos to remember the happy moments. In the evening, we sat around the campfire and shared stories. We were tired but very happy.
What a wonderful trip it was! I will never forget the time we spent together.
这篇范文采用时间顺序记叙一次公园露营经历,从出发到结束,叙事完整,细节生动。文中运用了一般过去时(set off, took, arrived, put up, had, took, were),并有情感表达(unforgettable, wonderful, happy),使文章富有感染力。
参考范文三:Asking for Directions
Last Sunday, I went to a new bookstore in our city. But I didn’t know how to get there, so I asked a policeman for help.
“Excuse me, sir. Could you please tell me the way to the Sunshine Bookstore?” I asked politely.
“Sure,” the policeman said. “Go straight ahead along this road. At the second traffic light, turn right. Then walk about 200 meters. You will see the bookstore on your left, between a bank and a coffee shop.”I thanked him and followed his directions. Soon I found the bookstore. It was a great place with many interesting books. I bought two storybooks and went home happily.
I learned that asking for directions politely is very important. People are always ready to help if you are polite.
这篇范文是一篇记叙文,描述了一次问路的经历。对话部分生动再现了交流场景,运用了问路的礼貌用语(Excuse me, Could you please tell me...),并强调了礼貌在人际交往中的重要性,有一定的思想深度。
参考范文四:My Favorite Way to Travel
There are many ways to travel, such as by bus, by subway, by train, or by bike. My favorite way is by bike.
Why do I like traveling by bike? First, it is good for my health. Riding a bike is a kind of exercise. It makes me strong. Second, it is good for the environment. Bikes don’t make pollution. Third, it is convenient. I can stop anywhere I want to enjoy the view.
Last weekend, I rode my bike to the Riverside Park with my friends. It took us only twenty minutes. We enjoyed the sunshine and the fresh air along the way. We had a great time together.
I think traveling by bike is a smart choice. Let’s ride bikes more often!
这篇范文介绍了一种交通方式——骑自行车,采用“总—分—总”结构,主体部分用 first, second, third 逐一说明骑行的优点,并用个人经历加以佐证,逻辑清晰、说服力强。
四、写作建议与注意事项
①明确起点和终点:描述路线时,首先要说清楚起点和终点在哪里,避免让读者感到困惑。例如:“From the school to the library”或“From my home to the supermarket”。
②善用方位介词:本单元的方位介词(next to, across from, between, on the corner of 等)是描述地点位置的关键,要准确使用。建议先画出简单的地图,再根据地图用英语描述,这样方位会更清晰准确。
③注意时态的正确使用:介绍交通方式、描述路线或表达喜好时用一般现在时;描述过去发生的旅行经历时用一般过去时。注意过去式的变化规则:take→took, go→went, have→had, see→saw 等。不要混用时态。
④运用逻辑连接词:按空间顺序或时间顺序描述时,使用 first, then, next, after that, finally 等连接词,使文章条理清晰、逻辑顺畅。
⑤加入情感表达:描述旅行经历时,加入对景色、活动的感受和评价(如 wonderful, amazing, unforgettable, happy, tired but happy),能让文章更加生动感人,而不是枯燥地罗列事实。
$专题01 Units 7~9 单词短语句型语法
Unit 7 Being a Smart Shopper
重点单词及变形
/
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
1.smart adj. 聪明的
变形:smarter 更聪明的;
smartest 最聪明的;
smartly adv. 聪明地
拓展:smartness n. 聪明;
smartwatch 智能手表
反义:stupid 愚蠢的;dull 迟钝的
2.shopper n. 购物者
搭配:a smart shopper 精明的购物者
拓展:shopping n. 购物;
shopping mall 购物中心
反义:seller 卖家
3.mall n. 购物中心
搭配:shopping mall 购物中心
4.sell v. 出售
变形:sells 出售(三单);
sold 过去式/过去分词;
selling 现在分词
搭配:sell out 卖光;
sell well 畅销
拓展:seller n. 卖家;
sale n. 销售
5.fruit n. 水果
搭配:fresh fruit 新鲜水果;
fruit juice 果汁
拓展:fruity adj. 有水果味的;
fruitful adj. 富有成效的
6.would modal v. 会;愿意
搭配:would like 想要;
would rather 宁愿;
would love to 很乐意
拓展:wouldn’t = would not
反义:would not 不会;不愿意
7.sure adv. 当然
搭配:make sure 确保;
sure thing 当然的事;
for sure 肯定地
拓展:unsure adj. 不确定的
8.salt n. 食盐
拓展:salty adj. 咸的;
saltiness n. 咸度
9.kilo n. 千克
搭配:half a kilo 半公斤;
a kilo of apples 一公斤苹果
10.trousers n. 裤子
变形:a pair of trousers 一条裤子(常复数形式)
搭配:trousers pocket 裤兜;
casual trousers 休闲裤
11.sale n. 特价销售
搭配:on sale 特价出售;
for sale 待售
12.plan n. 计划
搭配:make a plan 制定计划
13.carry v. 拿;提
变形:carries 拿(三单);
carried 过去式/过去分词;
carrying 现在分词
搭配:carry on 继续;
carry out 执行
14.decide v. 决定
变形:decides 决定(三单);
decided 过去式/过去分词;
deciding 现在分词
搭配:decide on 就……做出决定;
decide to do sth. 决定做某事;
make a decision 做决定
拓展:decision n. 决定;
decisive adj. 果断的
15.wisely adv. 明智地
变形:wise adj. 明智的;
wiser/wisest;wisdom n. 智慧
搭配:spend wisely 明智地花钱;
choose wisely 明智地选择;
16.waste v. 浪费
变形:wastes 浪费(三单);
wasted 过去式/过去分词;wasting 现在分词
搭配:waste time 浪费时间;
waste of money 浪费钱
17.try v. 尝试
变形:tries 尝试(三单);
tried 过去式/过去分词;
trying 现在分词
搭配:try on 试穿;try out 试验;
try one’s best 尽某人最大努力
18.possible adj. 可能的
变形:possibly adv. 可能地;
possibility n. 可能性(无比较级)
搭配:as soon as possible 尽快
拓展:impossible 不可能的
19.careful adj. 小心的
搭配:be careful of 小心……
拓展:carefulness n. 小心;careless 粗心的
反义:careless 粗心的
20.choice n. 选择
搭配:make a choice 做出选择;
have no choice 别无选择
拓展:choose v. 选择
21.check v. 检查
搭配:check in 办理入住;
check out 退房 / 结账;
check up 检查;
check the list 核对清单
拓展:check n. 支票;
checker n. 检查员
22.share v. 分享
变形:shares 分享(三单);
shared 过去式/过去分词;
sharing 现在分词
搭配:share with 与……分享;
share out 分配
23.pay v. 付费
变形:pays 付费(三单);
paid 过去式/过去分词;
paying 现在分词
搭配:pay for 为……付款;
pay attention 注意;
pay off 还清
拓展:payment n. 付款;
payable adj. 应付的
24.free adj. 免费的;空闲的
变形:freer 更自由的;
freest 最自由的;
freely adv. 自由地
拓展:freedom n. 自由
25.order n. 订单;命令
搭配:in order 有序;
order out 订购外卖
拓展:order v. 命令;订购;
orderly adj. 整齐的
必背短语
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学科网(北京)股份有限公司
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
1.two bottles of... 两瓶……
2.go shopping 去购物
3.go to the supermarket 去超市
4.make a shopping list列购物清单
5.look for 寻找
6.be careful with 小心
7.every weekend 每个周末
8.spend...on 在……上花费
9.fresh fruit and vegetables 新鲜的蔬菜和水果
10.need to do sth. 需要做某事
11.on the computer 在电脑上
12.the school party 学校聚会
13.on sale 特价销售
14.a pair of trousers 一条裤子
15.the shopping mall 购物中心
16.online shop 网上商店
17. plan to do sth. 计划做某事
18.instead of代替,而不是
19.on one's way back 在某人返程的路上
20.in debt 欠债
21.decide(not) to do sth.决定(不)做某事
22.here you are 给你
23.make money 赚钱
24.as little as possible尽可能少地
25.at good prices 以合理的价格
26.great sale 大减价
27.spend money wisely 明智地花钱
28.make choices 做选择
29.save time 节约时间
30.do shopping 去购物
31.check the price 查看价格
32. make payment 付款
33.waste money 浪费钱
34. for example 例如
35.share sth.with sb.与某人分享某物
36.a piece of bread一片面包
37.two kilos of strawberries 两公斤草莓
38. have...for breakfast 早餐吃……
39.a pair of scissors一把剪刀
40.a bowl of rice一碗饭
41.as well 也,和
42.waste money 浪费钱
43.for example 例如
44.share......with.....与.....分享......
45.the price tags 价格标签
46.two pairs of cotton socks 两双棉袜
47.look good on sb.穿在某人身上很好看
48.try one's best to do sth.尽力做某事
49.at the start/beginning of...在……的开始
50.at the end of...在……结束时
51.spend my pocket money花我的零花钱
52.look for things on sale 寻找特价商品
53.be a smart shopper做一个明智的购物者
54.at different stores 在不同的商店
55.stay at home待在家里
56.at a time 每次
57.two kilos of apples 两公斤苹果
58.pay for支付
59.check out 查看
60.shoes in all sizes 各种尺码的鞋
61.wait for等待
62. free shipping免费送货
用法精萃
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学科网(北京)股份有限公司
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
buy sth. for sb. 为某人买某物
spend...on sth. 在某物上花费(时间/金钱)
need to do sth. 需要做某事
would like to do sth.想要做某事
take sth. for sb.为某人带某物
let sb. do sth. 让某人做某事
decide (not) to do sth.决定(不)做某事
help sb. (to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事
try to do sth. 尽力做某事
be careful (not) to do sth.小心(不要)做某事
share sth. with sb. 和某人分享某物
try one’s best to do sth. 尽某人最大努力做某事
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学科网(北京)股份有限公司
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
重点句型
(1)日常交际与购物咨询
1.Would you like to go to the supermarket with me? 你愿意和我一起去超市吗?(P2)
Sure, I’d love to. How much milk do you need to buy? 当然,我很乐意。你需要买多少牛奶?(P2)
2.I need to buy two bottles. 我需要买两瓶。(P2)
3.Good morning! May I help you? 早上好!我能为你效劳吗?(P11)
Yes, please. I want to buy some honey and sandwiches. 是的,麻烦了。我想买一些蜂蜜和三明治。(P11)
4.How much honey do you need? 你需要多少蜂蜜?(P11)
5.How many sandwiches would you like? 你想要多少个三明治?(P11)
6.How much are they? 它们多少钱?(P11)
7.Would you like to buy some food for us? 你愿意为我们买些食物吗?(P17)
8.How much is one kilo of apples? 一公斤苹果多少钱?(P17)
9.How many kilos of apples do you need? 你需要多少公斤苹果?(P17)
10.They are 27 yuan in all. 总共 27 元。(P17)
11.Can I use my phone to pay for them? 我可以用手机支付吗?(P17)
二、情景表达与购物描述
1.I’m shopping for the school party. 我正在为学校派对选购商品。(P4)
2.I’m looking for a new shirt. What about this blue one? 我在找一件新衬衫。这件蓝色的怎么样?(P4)
3.It’s great for the party. 它很适合派对。(P4)
4.Everything is on sale. 65 元。所有商品都在特价。(P4)
5.Well, that’s a lot of money. I don’t think you need it. 嗯,这太贵了。我觉得你不需要它。(P4)
6.Every Sunday, Li Xiang goes to the supermarket with his mother. He always helps his mother carry the heavy bags. 每个周日,李翔都和妈妈去超市。他总是帮妈妈提重袋子。(P6)
7.Lingling is very careful. She always makes a shopping list and looks for the best prices.
玲玲很细心。她总是列购物清单,并且寻找最优惠的价格。(P6)
8.She likes a skirt very much, but she doesn’t really need it. So she decides not to buy it.
她很喜欢一条裙子,但并不是真的需要。所以她决定不买。(P6)
9.Li Xiang is a smart shopper. He often shops in the supermarket.
李翔是个精明的购物者。他经常去超市购物。(P8)
10. He always makes a shopping list and only buys things on the list.
他总是列购物清单,只买清单上的东西。(P8)
11. He also likes to look for sales, so he can buy things at good prices.
他也喜欢找促销活动,这样就能以优惠价格买东西。(P8)
12.He always checks the price and date before he makes a choice. 他做选择前总会检查价格和日期。(P8)
13.If he can share something with his friends, he never wastes money on the same thing.
如果能和朋友分享,他绝不会在同样的东西上浪费钱。(P8)
三、功能句
1.What do you need to buy? 你需要买什么?(P4)
2.How about going to the shopping mall this Sunday? 这周日去购物中心怎么样?(P4)
3.This can help him save time and money as well. 这也能帮他节省时间和金钱。(P8)
4.He is also very careful not to waste money. 他也很注意不浪费钱。(P8)
5.At the start of every month, I always make a shopping list to save time and carefully plan how to spend my pocket money.
每个月初,我都会列购物清单来节省时间,并仔细规划如何使用零花钱。(P13)
6.I check the ads to look for things on sale. 我看广告找特价商品。(P13)
7.Be a smart shopper! We can save money and time.
做个精明的购物者!我们可以省钱又省时。(P13)
四、写作句型
1.My parents give me some pocket money every month. I always try my best to save money and be a smart shopper. 我父母每个月给我一些零花钱。我总是尽力省钱,做一个精明的购物者。(P13)
2.At the store, I check the ads to look for things on sale. That way, I can find some cheap and good clothes at the end of the season.
在店里,我看广告找特价商品。这样我就能在季末买到物美价廉的衣服。(P13)
3.I also check the prices of the same things at different stores. 我也会对比不同店铺里同款商品的价格。(P13)
语法梳理
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学科网(北京)股份有限公司
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
量词
量词:表示人、事物或动作的数量单位的词。在英语中,量词可以帮助可数名词和不可数名词表示数量,使数量表达更加准确。
在使用量词之前,学生必须先学会区分可数名词和不可数名词。这是整个量词语法的基础。
可数名词和不可数名词
可数名词
不可数名词
分单、复数两种形式
desk →desks
bus → buses
没有复数形式
tea
meat
前面可用基数词、不定冠
词修饰
three boys an orange
不可以被基数词和不定冠词直接修饰,若表示数量可用“单位词+不可数名词”
a piece of paper
two cups of tea
可数名词的复数前可用many,some, any修饰
many teachers
some friends
可用much, some, any修饰
some milk
much bread
量词可以分为两大类:表示确切数量和表示不确切数量。
(1)确切数量:
确切数量量词用于准确地描述物品的数量,结构为:数词 + 量词 + of + 名词。量词本身是可数名词,有单复数变化。
①数词+量词+of+可数名词复数 如:a box of apples 一箱苹果 there baskets of eggs 三篮子鸡蛋
②数词+量词+of+不可数名词 如: a cup of coffee 一杯咖啡 two kilos of rice 两千克大米
1. 常见量词搭配表
量词
含义
搭配示例
a piece of
一块/一片/一张
a piece of bread(一片面包)
a bottle of
一瓶
a bottle of juice(一瓶果汁)
a glass of
一杯
a glass of water(一杯水)
a cup of
一杯
a cup of tea(一杯茶)
a packet of
一包
a packet of meat(一包肉)
a box of
一盒/一箱
a box of apples(一箱苹果)
a bag of
一袋
a bag of rice(一袋米)
a kilo of
a kilo of 一公斤
a kilo of strawberries(一公斤草莓)
2. 量词的复数形式
当数量大于1时,量词需要变为复数形式。
单数
复数
a piece of bread
two pieces of bread
a bottle of juice
three bottles of juice
a kilo of strawberries
two kilos of strawberries
a box of apples
four boxes of apples
a packet of meat
several packets of meat
(2)不确切数量:
①只修饰可数名词复数
单词/短语
意思
单词/短语
意思
many
很多
many carrots
很多胡萝卜
too many
太多
too many things
太多事情
few
很少;几乎没有
few trees
没有几棵树
a few
少量;一些
a few bags of salt
几袋盐
a number of
许多;大量
a number of students
许多学生
these
这些
these books
这些书
those
那些
those children
那些儿童
a couple of
一对;几个
a couple of birds
几只小鸟
2只修饰不可数名词
单词/短语
意思
单词/短语
意思
much
很多
much water
很多水
too much
太多
too much salt
太多盐
little
很少;几乎没有
little meat
几乎没有肉
a little
少量;一些
a little chicken
一点鸡肉
a bit of
一点
a bit of food
一点食物
③既可以修饰可数名词复数也可以修饰不可数名词
单词/短语
意思
单词/短语
意思
some, any
一些
some coffee
一些咖啡
a lot of/lots of
plenty of
许多;大量
许多;大量
a lot of /lots of carrots
plenty of bees
许多胡萝卜
许多蜜蜂
most
大部分
most people
大部分人
3.扩展
(1)可数名词单数作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式;
(2)多个并列可数名词单数或可数名词复数作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。
(3)“数词+名词+形容词”构成的复合形容词,中间的名词须用单数形式。
如:five-year-old 5岁大的;
a five-yuan money 一张5元的钱
a six-foot-deep hole一个6英尺深的洞
(4)some 在否定句或一般疑问句中应变成any,但在表示请求、建议或希望得到肯定回答的问句中,不用变。
如:(肯定句) Xiao Lin has some bread for breakfast.小林早餐吃的面包。
(否定句)Xiao Lin doesn't have any bread for breakfast.小林早餐没吃面包。
(表示请求、邀请) Would you like some coffee?你想喝咖啡吗?
(希望得到肯定的回答)Do you have some stamps?你有邮票吗?
How 类疑问词详细讲解
疑问词组
中文含义
询问对象
常用结构
典型例句
How
怎样;如何
方式、状态、程度
How + 助动词/情态动词 + 主语 + 动词...?
①How do you go to school?(你怎样去上学?)
②How is your father?(你父亲身体怎么样?)
How many
多少
可数名词的数量
How many + 可数名词复数 + 一般疑问句?
How many apples do you want?(你想要多少个苹果?)
How much
多少
不可数名词的数量 / 价格
①How much + 不可数名词 + 一般疑问句?
②How much + 助动词 + 主语 + 动词?(问价格)
①How much water is in the bottle?(瓶子里有多少水?)
②How much is this T-shirt?(这件T恤多少钱?)
How often
多久一次
频率
How often + 一般疑问句?
How often do you go to the library?(你多久去一次图书馆?)
How long
多长
时间长度 / 物体长度
How long + 一般疑问句?
How long does it take to get there?(到那儿需要多长时间?)
How long is the river?(这条河多长?)
How far
多远
距离
How far + 一般疑问句?
How far is your home from school?(你家离学校多远?)
How old
多大(年龄)
年龄
How old + 一般疑问句?
How old is your brother?(你弟弟多大了?)
How soon
多久以后
将来动作发生的时间间隔
How soon + 一般将来时?
How soon will you come back?(你多久以后回来?)
How tall
多高
人或物体的高度
How tall + 一般疑问句?
How tall is Yao Ming?(姚明多高?)
How fast
多快(速度)
速度
How fast + 一般疑问句?
How fast can a cheetah run?(猎豹跑得有多快?)
单元写作
一、话题分析
本单元的主题是理性消费与购物技巧,要求围绕“如何成为聪明的购物者”展开写作。写作内容通常包括:描述购物经历、分析消费行为、提出合理建议,体现“聪明消费者”的思维品质。
常见的写作题型有两种:
议论文:讨论如何成为聪明的消费者,如比较价格、制定购物计划等
记叙文:描述一次购物经历,如买到物美价廉的商品或避免冲动消费的案例
二、核心词汇与句型
重点词汇
购物场所:shopping mall(购物中心)、market(市场)、bookstore(书店)、supermarket(超市)
购物行为:price(价格)、quality(质量)、compare(比较)、discount(折扣)、budget(预算)、need vs. want(需要 vs. 想要)、advertisement(广告)、save(节省)、waste(浪费)
聪明购物:list(清单)、on sale(特价出售)、choose(选择)、wisely(明智地)、expensive(昂贵的)
重点短语
make a shopping list 列购物清单
look for things on sale 寻找促销商品
compare prices 比较价格
check the prices 查看价格
try to spend as little as possible 尽量少花钱
buy what he needs 只买需要的东西
常用句型
开头句型:
Shopping is an important activity in our life. But how to shop wisely and be a smart shopper? Here are my ways. 购物是我们生活中重要的活动。但如何明智购物,成为一个聪明的购物者?以下是我的方法。
主体句型(介绍方法):
First, make a shopping list before you go out. Write down what you really need. 首先,出门前列一张购物清单,写下你真正需要的东西。
Second, compare prices at different stores. Sometimes the same thing has different prices. 其次,在不同商店比较价格。有时候同样的东西价格不同。
Third, look for sales. You can buy things at a lower price. 第三,寻找促销活动。你可以以更低的价格购买东西。
He only buys what he needs and tries to spend as little as possible. 他只买自己需要的东西,并尽量少花钱。
结尾句型:
Follow these tips, and you will be a smart shopper! 遵循这些小贴士,你也会成为一个聪明的购物者!
Let's be smart shoppers to save money and time! 让我们一起成为聪明的购物者,节省金钱和时间!
三、写作框架与范文
写作框架
本单元写作建议采用总分总的结构,条理清晰、逻辑连贯:
部分
内容要点
开头(总)
点明主题,表明自己努力成为聪明购物者的态度
主体(分)
分点介绍聪明的购物方法:购物前列清单、规划花费;购物时查看促销、比较价格、检查质量
结尾(总)
总结观点,呼吁大家成为聪明的购物者
写作时注意运用恰当的连接词(first, second, third, finally等),使文章层次分明。同时要正确使用一般现在时表达习惯性的购物行为。
参考范文一:How to Be a Smart Shopper
Shopping is an important activity in our life. But how to shop wisely and be a smart shopper? Here are my ways.
First, make a shopping list before you go out. Write down what you really need. This can help you not buy things you don’t need. Second, compare prices at different stores. Sometimes the same thing has different prices. You can save money by choosing the cheaper one. Third, look for sales. Many stores have sales on weekends or holidays. You can buy things at a lower price.
Follow these tips, and you will be a smart shopper!
这篇范文采用了总分总的结构:首段引入主题,中间用 first、second、third 依次介绍三种购物方法,结尾总结呼吁。语言简洁,逻辑清晰,适合七年级水平。
参考范文二:My Shopping Experience
Last Sunday, I went shopping with my mom at a supermarket near our home. Before going, we made a shopping list of things we really needed. We bought some apples, a bag of rice, and two bottles of milk. I compared the prices of different brands and chose the cheaper ones. There was also a sale on drinks, so we bought some juice at a lower price. We didn’t buy things we didn’t need. I think we were smart shoppers!
这篇范文采用记叙文体裁,描述了一次具体的购物经历,包含:购物地点、购物前准备、购买物品、聪明购物策略和感受总结。适合60词左右的写作要求。
四、写作建议与注意事项
①列要点再动笔:下笔前先用思维导图列出文章结构,明确开头、主体和结尾分别写什么,避免跑题或遗漏内容。
②善用连接词:使用 first、second、third、finally 等连接词,让文章层次分明、逻辑清晰。
③注意时态:介绍一般的购物习惯用一般现在时;描述过去的购物经历用一般过去时。
④检查语言细节:写完通读一遍,检查句子是否通顺、拼写是否正确(注意 pocket、shopping、price 等易错词的拼写)。
⑤紧扣主题:本单元的核心是“理性消费”与“聪明购物”,所有内容都要围绕如何理性花钱、节省金钱展开,不要偏离主题。
Unit 8 Our Blue Planet
重点单词变形
1.million num. 一百万
变形:millions 数百万(复数)
搭配:one million people 一百万人;
millions of stars 数百万颗星星
2.large adj. 大的
变形:larger 更大的;
largest 最大的;
largely adv. 大部分
搭配:a large number of 大量的;
as large as 和……一样大
拓展:largeness n. 巨大;
enlarge v. 扩大
3.deep adj. 深的
变形:deeper 更深的;
deepest 最深的;
deeply adv. 深深地
拓展:depth n. 深度;
deepen v. 加深
4.drop v. 掉落
搭配:drop a glass 掉下杯子;
drop by 顺便拜访;
drop out 辍学
5.useful adj. 有用的
搭配:useful information 有用的信息
拓展:use n./v. 使用;
useless adj. 无用的
6.fact n. 事实
搭配:in fact 事实上
拓展:factual adj. 事实的
7.valuable adj. 宝贵的
搭配:valuable time 宝贵的时间;
valuable experience 宝贵的经验
拓展:value n. 价值;
invaluable adj. 无价的
8.collect v. 收集
搭配:collect stamps 集邮
拓展:collection n. 收藏;
collector n. 收藏家
9.worry v. 担心
变形:worries 担心(三单);
worried 过去式/过去分词;
worrying 现在分词
搭配:worry about 担心;
don't worry 别担心;
worry sb. 使某人担心
拓展:worried adj. 担心的;
worrying adj. 令人担心的
10.cover v. 覆盖
变形:covers 覆盖(三单);
covered 过去式/过去分词;
covering 现在分词
搭配:cover with 用……覆盖;
cover up 掩盖
拓展:cover n. 封面;
coverage n. 覆盖范围
11.suggestion n. 建议
拓展:suggest v. 建议
12.information n. 信息
搭配:piece of information 一条信息;
information technology 信息技术
拓展:inform v. 通知;
informative adj. 信息丰富的
13.dirty adj. 脏的
变形:dirtier 更脏的;
dirtiest 最脏的;
dirtily adv. 脏地
拓展:dirt n. 灰尘;dirty v. 弄脏
14.throw v. 扔
变形:throws 扔(三单);
threw 过去式;
thrown 过去分词;
throwing 现在分词
搭配:throw away 扔掉
拓展:thrower n. 投掷者
15.provide v. 提供
搭配:provide sth. for sb. 为某人提供某物;
拓展:provision n. 供给;
provider n. 提供者
16.protect v. 保护
搭配:protect the environment 保护环境
拓展:protection n. 保护;
protective adj. 保护的
17.shock v. 使震惊
拓展:shock n. 震惊;
shocking adj. 令人震惊的
18.develop v. 发展
变形:develops 发展(三单);
developed 过去式/过去分词;
developing 现在分词
搭配:develop a habit 养成习惯;
develop a country 发展国家
拓展:development n. 发展;
developer n. 开发者
19.count v. 数数
搭配:count numbers 数数字;
count on 依靠;
count down 倒计时
拓展:counter n. 计数器;
countable adj. 可数的
重点短语
1.a 99-meter-high waterfall一个99米高的瀑布
2.run through 流经,穿流
3.an old freshwater lake一个古老的淡水湖
4.an inland sea 内陆海
5.one of the four oceans 四大洋之一
6.a mother river of China 中国的母亲河
7.go up into the sky进入/上升到天空
8.as we all know 众所周知
9.on the earth 在地球上
10.because of因为,由于
11.save every drop of water 节约每一滴水
12.be full of充满
13.catch a fish捕鱼
14.on the map 在地图上
15.turn off the tap 关掉水龙头
16.all living things 所有的生物
17.at home 在家里
18.do exercise 锻炼
19.on sunny days在晴朗的天气
20.turn into clouds 变成云
21.in the sky 在天空中
22. the water cycle 水循环
23.form water drops 形成水珠
24.brush one's teeth 刷牙
25.as a matter of fact 事实上
26.be home to是……所在地/栖息地
27.be valuable for对……有价值
28.take a quick shower 快速洗个澡
29.once a week 一周一次
30.reuse the water 重复利用水
31.dig a well 挖一口井
32.worry about 担心
33.make a difference 有影响;起作用
34.knock on the door 敲门
35.come in 进来
36.save our planet 拯救我们的星球
37.search for 寻找,搜查
38.World Water Day 世界水日
39.search for information 搜索信息
40.collect rainwater 收集雨水
41.start with 从……开始
42.for example 例如
43.the washing machine 洗衣机
44.throw away 扔掉
45.drinking water bottles 饮用水瓶
46.be careful当心,小心
47.be sure to do sth. 确定做某事
48.provide sth.for sb. =provide sb. with sth.
向某人提供某物
49.our health 我们的健康
50.a 16-year-old boy一个16岁的男孩
51.plastic bags 塑料袋
52.a big rubbish bin一个大垃圾桶
53.clean up打扫,清理
54.get into进入,陷入
55.look like 看起来像
56.decide to do sth.决定做某事
57.as many clothes as possible尽可能多的衣服
58.at a time 每次
59.in short总之,简言之
60.develop the habit of...养成……的习惯
61.from now on 从现在开始
用法精萃
start to do sth. 开始做某事
put sth. on sp. 把某物放在某地
keep sth./sb. doing 让某物/某人一直做某事
be sure to do sth. 确定 / 必然做某事
provide sth. for sb. = provide sb. with sth.
向某人提供某物
decide to do sth.决定做某事
重点句型
一、情景表达类
1.Kangkang, what do you know about the Nile River?(20)康康,你对尼罗河了解多少?
2.How long is it?(20)它有多长?
3.It runs through eastern Africa.(20)它流经非洲东部。
4.It’s 6,671 kilometers long.(20)它有 6671 千米长。
5.Mom, where does water come from?(22)妈妈,水是从哪里来的?
6.Let’s save every drop of water.(22)让我们珍惜每一滴水。
7.Come in, please.(29)请进。
8.Oh, don’t put it here. Please put it on that big chair.(29)
哦,别把它放在这儿。请把它放在那把大椅子上。
9.Miss Wang, here is the poster about saving the ocean. Can I put it on this table?(29)
王老师,这是关于保护海洋的海报,我能把它放在这张桌子上吗?
二、主题描写类
1.As we all know, water is very important to us.(22)
众所周知,水对我们来说非常重要。
2.There is water everywhere. It’s under the ground, in the ocean and in the sky.(22)
到处都有水,地下水、海水还有天上的水。
3.On sunny days, water goes up into the sky and forms clouds.(22) 晴天时,水会升到空中形成云朵。
4.We need to drink water every day and we also use a lot of water in our life.(22)
我们每天都需要喝水,生活中也会用到大量的水。
5.But we can only use about 1% of the water on the earth. The rest is all sea water or ice.(22)
但是我们只能使用地球上大约 1% 的水,剩下的都是海水和冰。
6.Water is very useful. At home, we use water to cook, do washing or cleaning.(24)
水非常有用,在家里,我们用水做饭、洗衣服或者打扫卫生。
7.Outside home, we can travel by water, do exercise in water, and have fun with water.(24)
在户外,我们可以水路出行、在水中运动,还可以玩水消遣。
8.Do you know the water cycle?(25)你知道水循环吗?
9.Water in the air gets cold, makes clouds and then forms water drops.(25)
空气中的水遇冷形成云朵,然后凝结成水滴。
10.The drops fall and it rains. Rainwater goes into rivers, lakes and oceans.(25)
雨滴落下,于是下雨了。雨水流入河流、湖泊和海洋之中。
11.As a matter of fact, the desert is home to many people.(26)事实上,沙漠是很多人的家园。
12.Water is so important and valuable for them.(26)水对他们来说至关重要,且意义重大。
13.They can only take a quick shower once a week.(26)他们一周只能快速洗一次澡。
14.We all need water, but there isn’t enough water on the earth.(31)
我们都需要水,但是地球上的水资源并不充足。
15.In short, we need to develop the habit of saving water. Remember, every drop counts!(35)
总之,我们要养成节约用水的习惯。记住,每一滴水都很珍贵!
三、话题写作素材
1.During the shower, they must collect the water. After the shower, they reuse the water.(26)
洗澡时他们必须收集水,洗完澡后再重复利用这些水。
2.Most people get water from the underground, so they have to spend a lot of money digging wells.(26)
大多数人从地下取水,所以他们不得不花很多钱挖井。
3.I don’t need to worry about water, but now I start to save water.(26)
我不用担心缺水的问题,但现在我开始节约用水了。
4.Join me and let’s make a difference together.(26)加入我吧,让我们一起做出改变。
5.You can start with little things to save water at home.(31)
你可以从身边的小事做起,在家里节约用水。
6.For example, turn off the tap when brushing your teeth.(31)
比如,刷牙的时候关掉水龙头。
7.Don’t use the washing machine for just a few dirty clothes; and take a shower, not a bath.(31)
不要只因为几件脏衣服就用洗衣机,洗澡选择淋浴而非盆浴。
8.Don’t throw away drinking water bottles when there is still water in them.(31)
水瓶里还有水的时候,不要把它扔掉。
9.Always be careful! And you are sure to find many ways to save water.(31)
时刻留心,你一定能找到很多节约用水的方法。
10.Forests can provide home for plants and animals; they can also keep the air clean and fresh.(33)
森林能为动植物提供栖息地,还能保持空气清新。
11.He sees a lot of plastic bags in the sea. The sea looks like a big rubbish bin.(34)
他看到海里有很多塑料袋,大海看起来就像一个大垃圾桶。
12.This gives him a great shock.(34)这让他大为震惊。
13.He and other people start to clean up the rubbish in the sea.(34)他和其他人开始清理海里的垃圾。
14.They make full use of a big machine for their cleaning work.(34)
他们充分利用一台大型机器开展清理工作。
15.We need to save water from now on.(35) 我们要从现在开始节约用水。
16.We should make full use of water and not waste it.(35)我们应该充分利用水资源,不浪费水
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学科网(北京)股份有限公司
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
语法精讲
基数词
1. 基数词的构成
构成
例词
构成
例词
1-12为独立的单词
one two three eleven twelve
几十几
45: forty-five
13-19以-teen结尾
thirteen fifteen eighteen
几百几
278: two hundred and seventy-eight
整十数
twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, ninety
易错点
4,14,40:four;fourteen;forty
2.基数词的用法
①表示日期。年用基数词,日用序数词:March 1st, 2024
②表示时刻。几点过几分,用past;差几分到几点,用to。如:4:10 ten past four 4:45 a quarter to five
③表顺序和编号。“名词+基数词”,首字母大写:Room 203
④表示电话号码。用基数词,单个读。重复数字可读double。
⑤表示年代。in the+年份复数: in the 1940s 在20世纪40年代
⑥表示年龄。“基数词+years old”:20 years old 20岁
“at the age of+基数词”: at the age of 20 在20岁
“in one’s +整十数复数”:in her fifties 在她50多岁时
⑦表示倍数和次数。一次once,两倍/次twice,三倍/次及以上用“基数词+times”:four times四倍/次
⑧基数词+概数词(hundred/thousand/million)+名词复数,表示确切的数字。如:nine hundred dollars 九百美元
【拓展】
1.“基数词+连字符+单数名词”相当于复合形容词。如:a five-minute ride=five minutes’ ride 骑车5分钟的路程
2.“another+基数词+可数名词复数”=基数词+more+可数名词复数,如:another two bags= two more bags 另外两个包
3.基数词与表示时间、距离、重量、金钱、度量等词连用作主语时,常被看作是一个整体,谓语动词用单数。如:
Twenty years is quite a long time. 20年真的是很长的一段时间。
基数词变序数词的规则
①第1至第3: first, second, third
②第4至第19,基数词+-th: fourth,eleventh(特殊记:fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth)
③整十数,基数词词尾-y变-i加-eth: twentieth, thirtieth
④几十几,个位变,十位不变: fifty-first
口诀助记:
基变序,有规律,末尾加上-th;一二三,特殊记,结尾各是t,d,d;八加-h,九去-e,-ve要用-f替;
以y结尾变-ie,后跟-th莫忘记;若想表示几十几,只变个位就可以。
Numbers(数字表达)
核心考点
1.大数读写规则(≥1000 的数)
规则:从右往左每 3 位为一个单位,依次是 thousand(千)、million(百万)、billion(十亿),单位之间用逗号分隔。
例句:
4,186 → four thousand, one hundred and eighty-six
45,390 → forty-five thousand, three hundred and ninety
6,363,000 → six million, three hundred and sixty-three thousand
易错点:hundred/thousand/million/billion 前有具体数字时,不加 s;表示 “成千上万” 等泛指时,加 s 并接 of(如 thousands of)。
2.数字在情景中的应用
常见场景:描述面积、长度、数量等地理 / 生活数据。
例句:
1.The Qinghai Lake covers about 4,600 square kilometers.(青海湖面积约 4600 平方千米)
2.Oceans cover about 360,000,000 square kilometers of the earth.(海洋覆盖地球约 3.6 亿平方千米)
3.数字拼写补充
1.百位与十位之间加 and(英式用法,美式可省略),如 45,390 → forty-five thousand, three hundred and ninety。
2.十亿以上数字:1,386,000,000 → one billion, three hundred and eighty-six million。
祈使句
1.定义:祈使句是用于表示请求、命令、劝告、建议、警告等的句子。
通常以动词原形开头,没有时态和数的变化。
其具体结构如下:
类型
肯定结构及例句
否定结构及例句
Do型
动词原形+其他:Open the door.
Don’t +动词原形+其他:Don’t stand up!
Be型
Be+表语:Be quiet!
Don’t+be+表语:Don’t be late for class!
Let型
Let+宾语+动词原形+其他:Let’s have another try.
Don’t +let+宾语+动词原形+其他:Don’t let the boy draw here.
Let+宾语+not+动词原形+其他:Let’s not wait outside the gate.
Never型
——
Never+动词原形:Never leave today’s work till tomorrow.
No型
——
No+名词/动名词:No parking!
【拓展】
1.Let’s开头的祈使句,其答语通常为“Good idea./OK.”等。其他祈使句的答语通常用一般将来时。否定祈使句的答语常用“Sorry/No, I won’t (do it again).”等。如:
-Let’s go to the park. -Good idea.
-Please remember to bring my notebook to school. -OK, I will.
2.“祈使句+and/or+陈述句(表结果)”结构,可转换为含if引导的条件状语从句的复合句。 如:
Work harder, and you will find it not difficult to learn.=If you work harder, you will find it not difficult to learn. 再努力些,你就会发现学习并不难。
3. 否定形式的两种表达
Don't + 动词原形(最常用):Don't run in the hallways.
No + 动名词(常用于标识):No smoking. No parking.
单元写作
一、话题分析
本单元的主题是 “我们的蓝色星球” ,属于“人与自然”范畴,涉及“自然生态”“环境保护”主题群下的“世界不同地区的生态特征与自然景观”以及“环保意识和行为”等子主题。本单元的核心问题是 “Why is water important?” ,引导学生思考水资源的重要性,探究单元主题意义。
写作内容通常围绕以下方向展开:
议论文:阐述水的重要性,分析水资源现状,提出节约用水和保护地球的措施
记叙文:描述一次环保行动或节水经历,分享自己的做法和感受
倡议书/演讲稿:呼吁大家行动起来,共同保护地球环境
写作时建议采用“提出问题——分析问题——解决问题”的结构,语言简洁明了,内容贴近日常生活,表达真诚有说服力。
二、核心词汇与句型
重点词汇
地球与自然
planet 行星 / ocean 海洋 / river 河流 / lake 湖泊
waterfall 瀑布 / forest 森林 / desert 沙漠
earth 地球 / nature 自然
水资源
water 水 / fresh water 淡水 / drinking water 饮用水
water cycle 水循环 / save water 节约用水
waste water 浪费水 / pollute water 污染水
water shortage 水资源短缺 / water resource 水资源
环保行动
protect 保护 / environment 环境 / pollution 污染
recycle 回收利用 / reduce 减少 / reuse 再利用
plastic bags 塑料袋 / throw 扔 / rubbish 垃圾
plant trees 种树 / pick up rubbish 捡垃圾
形容词
clean 干净的 / dirty 肮脏的 / important 重要的 / valuable 宝贵的 / limited 有限的
重点短语
on the earth 在地球上
talk about… 谈论……
a 99-meter-high waterfall 一个99米高的瀑布
run through 贯穿;流过
on a sunny day 在晴天
provide sth. for sb. / provide sb. with sth. 为某人提供某物
be important to sb. 对某人很重要
in short 总之;简言之
from now on 从今以后
start to do sth. 开始做某事
make a difference 产生影响
search for information online 上网查找信息
throw…into… 把……扔进……
as we all know 众所周知
常用句型
开头句型(引出话题):
The earth is our only blue planet. We must take good care of it. 地球是我们唯一的蓝色星球。我们必须好好爱护它。
As we all know, water is very important to us. 众所周知,水对我们非常重要。
The earth is our home. We all have a common home. 地球是我们的家。我们都有一个共同的家。
主体句型(陈述重要性 + 提出建议):
We all need water, but there isn’t enough fresh water on the earth, so we need to save water. 我们都需要水,但地球上没有足够的淡水,所以我们需要节约用水。
Trees provide food and shelter for humans and animals. 树木为人类和动物提供食物和庇护所。
Don’t throw plastic bags into the sea. 不要把塑料袋扔进海里。
We can save water by turning off the tap when we brush our teeth.
我们可以通过刷牙时关掉水龙头来节约用水。
Let’s search for information online to learn more about protecting the environment.
我们去网上查找信息,了解更多关于保护环境的知识吧。
In short, we should do our part to protect our blue planet.
总之,我们应该尽自己的一份力来保护我们的蓝色星球。
Everyone can make a difference if we act together.
如果我们一起行动,每个人都能带来改变。
结尾句型(总结呼吁):
Let’s work together to protect our beautiful planet! 让我们一起努力,保护我们美丽的星球!
From now on, let’s start to save water and protect the earth. 从现在开始,让我们行动起来,节约用水,保护地球。
If we don’t protect the earth, we will have no place to live in the future. 如果我们不保护地球,将来我们将无处可住。
三、写作框架与范文
本单元写作可采用“现象描述—原因分析—建议呼吁”的经典结构,逻辑清晰,易于掌握:
部分
内容要点
开头(总)
介绍地球的基本信息(如颜色、大小、家园属性),点明“地球是我们唯一的蓝色星球”这一主题
主体(分)
先说明地球面临的威胁(水资源短缺、污染等)及其重要性;再提出具体的保护措施,如节约用水、减少污染、植树等
结尾(总)
呼吁大家从自身做起,从小事做起,共同保护地球
写作时注意运用恰当的逻辑连接词(first, second, third, finally, in short等)使结构层次分明;一般现在时用于描述事实和提出建议;祈使句常用于表达环保倡议,简洁有力。
参考范文一:How to Protect Our Blue Planet
The earth is our blue planet and our only home. We all love it, but now it is in danger.
Why is the earth in danger? First, water pollution is getting worse. Many rivers and lakes are dirty. Second, people cut down too many trees. Third, some people throw rubbish into the sea.
What can we do to help? First, don’t waste water. Turn off the tap when you brush your teeth. Second, don’t throw plastic bags into the sea. Use fewer plastic bags. Third, plant more trees. Trees make the air clean.
In short, everyone can make a difference. Let’s work together to protect our blue planet!
参考范文二:Saving Water
Water is very important to us. We can’t live without water. But there is not enough fresh water on the earth. So we need to save water.
Here are some ways to save water. First, turn off the tap when you brush your teeth. Don’t let the water run all the time. Second, take a shower instead of a bath. This can save a lot of water. Third, fix dripping taps right away. A dripping tap can waste a lot of water in a day.
As we all know, every drop of water counts. Let’s start to save water from now on!
参考范文三:My Earth Day
Last Sunday was Earth Day. I did something meaningful to protect our planet.
In the morning, I made a poster about saving water. I wrote “Don’t waste water” on it and drew some pictures. Then I put it up at the school gate. In the afternoon, I went to the park with my friends. We picked up rubbish and put it into the bin. We also planted three small trees. We were tired but happy.
I learned that small actions can make a big difference. I will do more to protect our blue planet from now on.
参考范文四:The Importance of Water
Water is everywhere around us. We use water to drink, to wash, to cook and to clean. Without water, there would be no life on the earth.
Although about 75% of the earth is covered with water, only 3% of it is fresh water. Most of the fresh water is frozen in glaciers. That means only a little water is available for us to use. So we must not waste water.
From now on, let’s save every drop of water. Remember: when you save water, you save life!
4、 写作建议与注意事项
①列要点再动笔:下笔前先用思维导图或提纲列出文章结构,明确每一段写什么内容。本单元建议围绕“水的重要性—面临的威胁—我们该怎么做”来组织思路。
②善用数据增强说服力:适当运用数据能让文章更有说服力。例如:地球表面约75%被水覆盖,但只有约3%是淡水;一只滴漏的水龙头一天可能浪费几十升水等。这些数字能直观体现水资源问题的严重性。
③祈使句简洁有力:提出建议时多使用祈使句(Don’t waste water. / Turn off the tap. / Plant more trees.),语气直接有力,适合倡议类写作。
④注意时态:介绍一般事实和提出建议时用一般现在时;描述过去发生的环保活动时用一般过去时(如范文三)。注意不要混用时态。
⑤紧扣主题:本单元的核心是“水资源保护”与“地球环境”,所有内容都要围绕如何珍惜水资源、保护地球环境展开。如涉及“为什么地球是蓝色的”,可以简单解释是因为海洋覆盖了地球大部分表面,但最终落脚点还是要回到“保护”上来。
⑥检查拼写和语法:写完通读一遍,检查以下易错点:water、planet、environment、pollution、rubbish等单词的拼写;主谓是否一致;祈使句格式是否正确。
Unit 9 From Here to There
重点单词及变形
1.bank n. 银行
搭配:bank account 银行账户
拓展:banker n. 银行家
2.bridge n. 桥
搭配:cross the bridge 过桥
拓展:bridge v. 架桥;
bridging 连接
3.could modal v. 能
搭配:could you help me? 你能帮我吗?
拓展:couldn't = could not
4.change v. 改变
搭配:change one's mind 改变主意;
change clothes 换衣服;
change into 变成
拓展:change n. 变化/零钱;
exchange v. 交换
5.minute n. 分钟
搭配:in a minute 马上;
wait a minute 等一下
6.build v. 建造
变形:builds 建造(三单);
built 过去式/过去分词;
building 现在分词
搭配:build a house 建房子;
build up 建立/增强;
build confidence 树立信心
拓展:building n. 建筑物;
builder n. 建筑工人
7.safe adj. 安全的
变形:safer 更安全的;
safest 最安全的;
safely adv. 安全地
搭配:safe place 安全的地方;
safe and sound 安然无恙
safe driving 安全驾驶
拓展:safety n. 安全;
unsafe adj. 不安全的
反义:dangerous 危险的
8.myself pron. 我自己
搭配:by myself 我自己(独自);
enjoy myself 玩得开心
9.sad adj. 难过的
变形:sadder 更难过的;
saddest 最难过的;
sadly adv. 难过地
拓展:sadness n. 悲伤
10.unforgettable adj. 难忘的
搭配:unforgettable experience 难忘的经历
unforgettable memory 难忘的记忆
拓展:forget v. 忘记;
forgettable adj. 易忘的
反义:forgettable 易忘的
11.hold v. 抓住
变形:holds 抓住(三单);
held 过去式/过去分词;
holding 现在分词
搭配:hold on 坚持/等一下;
hold a meeting 开会;
hold hands 手拉手
拓展:holder n. 持有人
12.follow v. 遵循
搭配:follow the rules 遵守规则;
as follows 如下
拓展:follower n. 追随者;
following adj. 接下来的
13.return v. 返回
搭配:in return 作为回报
拓展:return n. 返回/回报
14.hug v. 拥抱
变形:hugs 拥抱(三单);
hugged 过去式/过去分词;
hugging 现在分词
搭配:give a hug 拥抱;
15.clear adj. 晴朗的
变形:clearer 更晴朗的;
clearest 最晴朗的;
clearly adv. 清楚地
16.problem n. 难题
搭配:solve a problem 解决问题;
no problem 没问题;
17.happen v. 发生
搭配:happen to 发生在……身上;
as it happens 碰巧;
拓展:happening n. 事件
18.add v. 增加
变形:adds 增加(三单);
added 过去式/过去分词;
adding 现在分词
搭配:add to 增加;
add up 加起来
19.cry v. 喊叫
变形:cries 喊叫(三单);
cried 过去式/过去分词;
crying 现在分词
搭配:cry out 大喊;
cry for help 呼救;
20.care v. 关心
变形:cares 关心(三单);
cared 过去式/过去分词;
caring 现在分词
搭配:care about 在乎;
care for 照顾;
take care 小心/保重
21.拓展:careful adj. 小心的;careless adj. 粗心的
suddenly adv. 突然
拓展:suddenness n. 突然
22.shake v. 摇动
变形:shakes 摇动(三单);
shook 过去式;
shaken 过去分词;
shaking 现在分词
搭配:shake hands 握手;
shake one's head 摇头;
shake off 摆脱
23.sit v. 坐
变形:sits 坐(三单);
sat 过去式/过去分词;
sitting 现在分词
搭配:sit down 坐下;
sit up 坐直/熬夜;
sit in 旁听
24.arrive v. 到达
拓展:arrival n. 到达
25.hear v. 听见
搭配:hear about 听说;
hear from 收到……来信
拓展:hearing n. 听力
26.easy adj. 容易的
变形:easier 更容易的;
easiest 最容易的;
easily adv. 容易地
27.famous adj. 著名的
搭配:famous for 因……著名
28.exciting adj. 令人兴奋的
搭配:exciting news 令人兴奋的消息
拓展:excite v. 使兴奋;
excitement n. 兴奋
必背短语
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1. across from…在…对面
2. on the comer of…在…的拐角处
3. on Huaihai road 在淮海路
4. across from…在…对面
5. between…and…在…和…之间
6. next to…紧挨着·…
7. get around 四处走动;游览
8. be lost迷路
9. show sb the way to…给某人指去…的路
10.get to…到达…
11. need to do sth 需要做某事
12.get off下车
13.change to…换乘;转向
14. how far 多远
15.look for…寻找…
16. go along…沿着…走
17. turn left 向左转
18.work on 从事;致力于
19.on your right 在你的右边
20.once upon a time 从前
21.lose one's way 迷路
22.on foot步行
23. by water 由水路;乘船
24. ways of doing sth做某事的方法
25.start to do sth 开始做某事
26. high-speed trains 高速列车
27. in a short time 在短时间内
28.stand for…代表…;象征…
29.think about…考虑…
30.on streets 在街上
31.in front of…在…前面
32.in the end 最后
33. go back to…回到…
34.set up…建立…;设立…
35. prepare for…为…做准备
36.some time一段时间
37. fresh water 淡水
38. find the way back 找到回去的路
39. hold one's hand 握住某人的手
40. tell sb to do sth 告诉某人做某事
41.take…out/take out…拿出…;取出…
42.be happy to do sth 很高兴做某事
43.give sb a hug 给某人一个拥抱
44.on one's trip 在某人的旅行中
45.safety problem 安全问题
46. solve the problem 解决问题
47.go across…穿过…
48. behind the door 在门后面
49.on the left 在左边
50. at the end of…在…尽头;在…末尾
51.happen to…发生在…身上
52. ask sb for help 向某人求助
53.go camping 去露营
54.put up…/put…up 张贴…;搭建…
55. a heavy wind 一阵大风
56. cry out 呼喊
57.in the tree 在树上(外来物)
58.look up 向上看;查阅
59. build a fire 生火
60. sit around 围坐
61.have a great time玩得开心
62.on the top of…在…顶部
63.arrive at…到达(小地点)
64.too…to…太…而不能…
65. hear sb do sth 听到某人做某事
66. take photos 拍照
67.on the corner of…在…的拐角处
68.be famous for 因…而著名
69.go along 沿着…走
71. at the first turning 在第一个转弯处
用法精萃
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try to do sth. 尝试做某事,努力去做某事
too … to … 太…… 而不能……
show sb the way to…给某人指去…的路
need to do sth 需要做某事
start to do sth 开始做某事
tell sb to do sth 告诉某人做某事
be happy to do sth 很高兴做某事
ask sb for help 向某人求助
hear sb do sth 听到某人做某事
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重点句型
一、情景表达类
1.Excuse me, is there a bank near here?(P38)
劳驾,这附近有银行吗?
2. Yes, there is. It's on Huaihai Road.(P38)
有,它在淮海路上。
3.Could you show me the way to the Jianguo Hotel?(P40)
你能告诉我去建国饭店的路吗?
3. How far is it?(P40)
有多远?
5.About 15 kilometers. And it takes 10 minutes on the underground, and 20 minutes on the bus.(P40)
大约 15 公里,坐地铁要 10 分钟,坐公交车要 20 分钟。
6. Go along Huanghe Road until you get to the first crossing.(P40)
沿着黄河路一直走到第一个十字路口。
7. Turn left and walk on. You can see it on your right.(P40)
左转继续走,你能在右手边看到它。
8. Kangkang, what happened to you just now?(P47)
康康,你刚才怎么了?
9. I didn't find the way to your community. I was lost.(P47)
我没找到去你小区的路,我迷路了。
二、主题描写类
1.The hospital is across from the hotel.(P38)
这家医院在饭店的对面。
2. The bank is on the corner of Xinhua Street and Zhongshan Road.(P38)
这家银行在新华大街和中山路的拐角处。
3. First, people could travel only on foot.(P42)
起初,人们只能步行出行。
4. Then, they started to get around by using animals.(P42)
后来,他们开始用牲畜代步。
5. Now, people have planes and high-speed trains. They can travel far in a short time.(P42)
现在,人们有了飞机和高铁,能在短时间内去很远的地方。
6. At first, my father and I set up the tent, and my mother prepared for dinner.(P44)
一开始,我和爸爸搭帐篷,妈妈准备晚饭。
7. We followed the map all the way back.(P44)
我们一路跟着地图往回走。
8. Finally, we returned to our tent.(P44)
最后,我们回到了我们的帐篷。
9. Last Sunday, Xiao Ya went camping with her mom and her sister.(P47)
上周日,小雅和妈妈、姐姐一起去露营了。
10. This summer, I went to the North Mountain near my hometown with my family.(P49)
今年夏天,我和家人去了家乡附近的北山。
11. In the evening, we arrived at the top of the mountain and set up the tent.(P49)
晚上,我们到达了山顶,然后搭起了帐篷。
12. Jiuzhaigou is in Sichuan, China. It's famous for its beautiful mountains, forests and lakes.(P53)
九寨沟在中国四川,它因美丽的山川、森林和湖泊而闻名。
13. Go straight along this road, and you will find it on your left.(P53)
沿着这条路直行,你会在左手边找到它。
三、话题写作素材(旅行叙事)
1.Last weekend, we had an unforgettable trip to a forest park.(P44)
上周末,我们去森林公园进行了一次难忘的旅行。
2.It was lots of fun.(P44)那非常有趣。
3.We tried to build a fire to keep warm.(P47)
我们努力生火来取暖。
4. I fell down on the way.(P47)
我在路上摔倒了。
5. My sister held my hand and helped me stand up.(P47)
我姐姐抓住我的手,帮我站了起来。
6. We took out some fruit and drinks from our schoolbags.(P47)
我们从书包里拿出了一些水果和饮料。
7. We went fishing by the lake and caught some small fish.(P49)
我们去湖边钓鱼,钓到了一些小鱼。
8. It was a wonderful trip. We must always put safety first.(P49)
这是一次美好的旅行,我们必须始终把安全放在首位。
9. We had an exciting trip! I felt tired but happy after the trip.(P53)
我们的旅行非常刺激!旅行结束后,我感觉累但很开心。
10. In the end, we took many photos and went back home happily.(P49)
最后,我们拍了很多照片,开开心心地回家了。
语法梳理
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方位介词
方位介词:用于表示物体之间的位置关系,是介词考查中的重点(占语法题20%-25%)。
(1) 表示场所的介词:at, in, on, under, by, near, between, around, opposite
(2) 表示方向的介词:into, out of, along, across, through, up, past
①at, in
at在某地(表示比较狭窄的场所)
at school上学 at home在家
stand at the door站在门边 at a factory在一家工厂
at the bottom of在……下面 at the party在聚会上
at the end of在……末尾 at the table在桌旁
at the station在火车站 at the crossroads在十字路口
at work在上班 at the bus stop在公共汽车站
►I’ ll meet him at the Beijing railway station. 我将去北京站接他。
in在某地(表示比较宽敞的场所)
in Beijing在北京
in the world在世界上
in the house在房子里
►His brother is in prison and was arrested 2 years ago. 他哥哥两年前被捕现在在监狱中服刑。
►She was born in China.她是在中国出生的。
②on, above, over, under, below
on在……上面,有接触面。
on the desk在桌子上面;on the map在地图上。
on在……靠近……的地方
on the right在右边 on the screen在屏幕上
on the river在河边 on the farm在农场
on the floor在地板上 on the island/beach在岛上/海滨 on the pavement在人行道上
above在……上方
►Our plane flew above the clouds.我们的飞机在云端上飞行。
over在……正上方,是under的反义词
►There is a light over Li Ming.李明的正上方有一盏灯。
►A few birds were flying over the sea.有几只鸟在海上飞。
►under在……下面;在……之内
under the table桌子下面 under the jacket在夹克内
►The dog is under the table.这只狗在桌子下面。
below在……下方(不一定是正下方) 正下方是under,below是above的反义词。
►There are a lot of fishes below the surface of the water.水面下有许多各式各样的鱼。
③near, by
near近的,不远的
near=not far,是far的反义词。near还可以指时间。
in the near future在不久的将来
►Is there a bus stop near here? 这儿附近有公共汽车站吗?
by在……旁边,距离比near要近
by the window在窗户旁边 by me在我旁边
►The boy is standing by the window. 这个男孩正站在窗户旁边。
④ between, among, around
between在两者之间
►My teacher is sitting between Tom and Mike.我们的老师正坐在汤姆和迈克之间。
►What’ s the difference between A and B? A和B之间有什么区别?
among在三者或更多的之中
►There is a beautiful house among the trees.在树林之中有一间漂亮的房子。
►He is very popular among the students.他在学生之中很受欢迎(很出名)。
around环绕,在……周围,在……四周
►We sat around the table.我们在桌子四周坐下来。
►The earth moves around the sun.地球围绕太阳转。
⑤ in front of,behind,opposite
in front of早……的前面;在……的前部
►There is a tree in front of the house.
►There is a big desk for the teacher in the front of the classroom. 在教室的前部有一张大讲桌。
behind在……后面 behind是in front of的反义词
►There is a tree behind my house. 我家房子后面有一颗树。
►There is a tree at the back of my house.我家房子后面有一棵树。
opposite在……对面
►Our school is opposite a university,我们学校在一所大学的对面。
►He stood opposite me.他站在我对面。
⑥ in, into, out of, up
in在……之内,用于表示静止的位置
►The students are in the classroom.学生们在教室里。
into进入用于表有特定终点的运动的方向。通常用于表示动作的动词之后,如go, come, walk, run等。
►The students run into the classroom.学生们跑进教室。
►He jumped into the water.他跳入水中。
out of和into一样,也表示有一定的运动方向
►The students rushed out of the room.学生们冲出房间。
out of的基本含义:从……到外面,离开;在……范围之外;从(某个数)之中 up移动
►The children climbed up the tree.孩子们爬上了树。
⑦ along, across, past, through
along沿着
►I was walking along the river when it began to rain.我正沿着河边散步,突然下起雨来了。
across横过
►I often swim across the river.我常游泳横渡这条河。
past经过
►Every day he runs past the city hall.他每天跑步经过市政府。
through贯穿,通过
►The sun shone through the clouds.阳光穿过云层照射下来。
►The river was through the city.这条河穿过这个城市。
一般过去时
(1)概念:表示过去某一时间发生的动作或存在的状态。
(2)用法:
①表示过去某个时间点或某一段时间内发生的动作或存在的状态。
表示过去经常或反复发生的动作,常和频率副词连用。
(3) 基本形式:
①谓语动词是be动词的一般过去时
②谓语动词是实义动词(行为动词)的一般过去时
一般过去时的句式:
(1)含有be动词的一般过去时的句式
句式
结构
例句
肯定句
主语+be动词(was/were)+其他.
I was late for school yesterday.我昨天上学迟到了。
否定句
主语+wasn't(was not)/weren't(were not)+其他.
I wasn't late for school yesterday.我昨天上学没迟到。
句式
结构
例句
一般疑问
句及其简
略回答
Was/Were+主语+其他?
肯定回答:Yes,主语+was/were.
否定回答:No,主语+wasn't/weren't.
—Were you late for school yesterday?你昨天上学迟到了吗?
—Yes, I was./No, I wasn't.是的,我迟到了。/不,我没迟到。
特殊疑
问句
特殊疑问词+was/were+主语+其他?
特殊疑问词(主语)+was/were+其他?
Why were you late for school yesterday?你昨天为什么上学迟到了?
Who was late for school yesterday?昨天谁上学迟到了?
(2)含有实义动词的一般过去时的句式
句式
结构
例句
肯定句
主语+实义动词的过去式+其他.
I went to school yesterday.我昨天去上学了。
否定句
主语+didn't+实义动词的原形+其他.
I didn't go to school yesterday.我昨天没去上学。
一般疑问
句及其简
略回答
Did+主语+实义动词的原形+其他?
肯定回答:Yes,主语+did.
否定回答:No,主语+didn't.
—Did you go to school yesterday?你昨天去上学了吗?
—Yes, I did./No, I didn't.是的,我去了。/不,我没去。
特殊疑问句
特殊疑问词+did+主语+实义动词的原形+其他?
特殊疑问词(主语)+实义动词的过去式+其他?
How did you go to school yesterday?你昨天怎么去上学的?
Who went to school yesterday?昨天谁去上学了?
单元写作
一、话题分析
本单元的主题是 “空间方位与交通出行” (From Here to There),属于“人与社会”范畴下“历史与社会”及“人与自然”范畴下“环境保护”主题群的交叉范畴。本单元的核心问题是 “What can make your trip safe and fun?” ,启发学生对旅行安全和乐趣进行思考。本单元在整套教材中承担着从基础交际向功能应用过渡的关键作用,前承Unit 7问路与指路的基础表达,后启八年级上册关于旅行计划与城市导览的综合语用任务。
写作内容通常围绕以下方向展开:
问路与指路:根据地图描述从A点到B点的路线,运用方位介词和祈使句进行路线指引
描述旅行经历:按照时间顺序记叙一次旅行过程,包括出发、途中、到达和感受
交通方式介绍:描述从一处到另一处可选的交通方式及其优缺点
社区地图绘制与描述:以小组合作形式绘制社区地图,并用英语进行路线解说
写作时建议以“起点—过程—终点”为主线,按照空间顺序或时间顺序组织内容,语言简洁准确,方位表达清晰明了。
二、核心词汇与句型
重点词汇
交通方式(Transportation)
transport 交通;运输 subway地铁 bus 公共汽车
train 火车 plane飞机 bike 自行车
walk 步行
方位与方向(Directions)
direction 方向;方位 left 左边(的);向左 right右边(的);向右
straight直的;径直地 cross穿过 across穿过;越过
along沿着 turn转动;转向;转弯
地点与设施(Places & Facilities)
hospital 医院 / bank 银行 / post office 邮局
cinema 电影院 / supermarket 超市 / library 图书馆
bus stop 公交车站 / train station 火车站 / airport 机场
police station 警察局 / park 公园 / school 学校
动词(Verbs)
arrive 到达(arrive at + 小地点;arrive in + 大地点)reach 到达(直接接地点名词)
wait 等待(wait for) go 去;走
形容词/副词(Adjectives & Adverbs)
far 远的(far from 远离)
slow 慢的 / fast 快的
public 公共的(public transport 公共交通)
核心方位介词(Prepositions of Place)
next to
紧邻;在……旁边
The bank is next to the post office.
across from
在……对面
The library is across from the supermarket.
on the corner of
在……拐角处
The cinema is on the corner of Main Street.
between
在……之间
The school is between the park and the hospital.
in front of
在……前面
The bus stop is in front of the bank.
behind
在……后面
The park is behind the library.
时间介词(Prepositions of Time)
介词
用法
示例
in
年、月、季节、泛指早中晚
in 2026, in spring, in the morning
on
具体某一天、某天的早中晚
on Sunday, on June 5th
at
具体时刻、固定搭配
at 8:00, at noon
重点短语
交通相关:
by bus / by subway / by train / by plane 乘公交/地铁/火车/飞机
take the bus / take the subway 乘公交车/乘地铁
ride a bike 骑自行车
on foot 步行
bus stop 公交车站
train station 火车站
public transport 公共交通
far from 远离
方位与路线:
go straight ahead 一直向前走
turn left / turn right 向左转 / 向右转
cross the road 过马路
walk along the street 沿着街道走
on the left / on the right 在左边 / 在右边
at the traffic lights 在红绿灯
问路与指路:
Excuse me. Where is the…? 打扰一下,……在哪里?
How can I get to…? 我怎样才能到达……?
Can you tell me the way to…? 你能告诉我去……的路吗?
It’s next to / across from / between… 它在……旁边/对面/之间。
Go straight and turn left at the corner. 直走,在拐角处左转。
It’s about 10 minutes’ walk. 步行大约10分钟。
旅行经历:
set off / set out 出发
arrive at / arrive in 到达
get to 到达
have a good trip 旅途愉快
take photos 拍照
have a picnic 野餐
go camping 去露营
常用句型
开头句型(引入话题):
Last weekend, my family and I went on a trip to the park. 上个周末,我和家人去公园旅行了。
Do you know how to get from here to the library? Let me show you. 你知道从这里怎么去图书馆吗?让我来告诉你。
There are many ways to get to the city center. 去市中心有很多种方式。
Going on a trip is always exciting. 旅行总是令人兴奋的。
主体句型(问路与指路):
First, go straight along this road. Then turn left at the first crossing. 首先,沿着这条路直走,然后在第一个十字路口左转。
The bank is next to the post office, across from the supermarket.
银行在邮局旁边,在超市对面。
You can take the No. 2 bus. It will take you to the train station.
你可以乘坐2路公交车,它会带你去火车站。
The supermarket is on the corner of Main Street and Park Road.
超市在主街和公园路的拐角处。
Go past the park, and you will see the library on your left.
经过公园,你会看到图书馆在你的左边。
主体句型(描述旅行经历):
We set off at 8:00 in the morning and arrived at the foot of the mountain two hours later.
我们早上8点出发,两小时后到达山脚下。
First, we took the subway to the city center. Then we walked to the museum.
首先,我们乘地铁到市中心,然后步行去博物馆。
We took many beautiful photos and had a picnic by the lake.
我们拍了很多漂亮的照片,还在湖边野餐了。
The view from the top of the hill was amazing! 山顶的景色太美了!
结尾句型(总结感受):
What a wonderful trip we had! 多么美妙的旅行啊!
I learned that traveling is not only fun but also a good way to learn about the world.
我明白了旅行不仅有趣,也是了解世界的好方式。
I hope to go on more trips like this in the future. 我希望将来能有更多这样的旅行。
Following the map is easy if you know the directions well. 如果你熟悉方向,看地图就很容易。
三、写作框架与范文
本单元写作可基于不同体裁,灵活选用写作框架:
框架一:指路/路线说明类(Description of Directions)
部分
内容要点
开头
点明起点和终点,说明要描述什么路线
主体
按空间顺序依次描述路线:从起点出发 → 途经哪些地点 → 在何处转弯 → 经过什么标志 → 到达目的地;可提供多种交通方式选择
结尾
总结路线,表达祝福或鼓励
框架二:旅行经历记叙类(Travel Experience)
部分
内容要点
开头
交代时间、人物、地点和出行目的
主体
按时间顺序记叙旅行过程:出发前准备 → 路途中的经历 → 到达后的活动(描述所见、所做、所感)
结尾
总结感受,表达对旅行的感悟或未来的期待
写作时注意运用恰当的连接词(first, then, next, after that, finally等)使文章层次分明、逻辑清晰;根据文章类型正确使用时态:指路说明类用一般现在时,旅行经历记叙类用一般过去时;祈使句常用于指路,简洁有力。
参考范文一:How to Get to the Library
Do you know how to get from the school to the city library? Let me show you.
First, go out of the school gate and turn right onto Main Street. Walk straight ahead for about five minutes. You will see a big supermarket on your left. Next, turn left at the traffic lights. The library is just across from the supermarket, next to the post office. You can’t miss it.
If you don’t want to walk, you can take the No. 5 bus. The bus stop is in front of the school. The bus will take you right to the library.
It’s very easy to find. Give it a try!
这篇范文采用“开头介绍目的—主体按顺序指路—结尾鼓励尝试”的结构,运用了 first, next, then 等连接词,并提供了步行和公交两种选择,内容实用清晰。
参考范文二:A Trip to the Forest Park
Last summer, my family and I went on a trip to the Forest Park. It was an unforgettable experience.
We set off at 7:00 in the morning. First, we took the subway to the city center. Then we took a bus to the park. It took us about two hours to get there. After we arrived, we put up our tent by the lake. We cooked lunch together and had a picnic. In the afternoon, we took a walk in the forest. The air was fresh, and the birds were singing beautifully. We took many photos to remember the happy moments. In the evening, we sat around the campfire and shared stories. We were tired but very happy.
What a wonderful trip it was! I will never forget the time we spent together.
这篇范文采用时间顺序记叙一次公园露营经历,从出发到结束,叙事完整,细节生动。文中运用了一般过去时(set off, took, arrived, put up, had, took, were),并有情感表达(unforgettable, wonderful, happy),使文章富有感染力。
参考范文三:Asking for Directions
Last Sunday, I went to a new bookstore in our city. But I didn’t know how to get there, so I asked a policeman for help.
“Excuse me, sir. Could you please tell me the way to the Sunshine Bookstore?” I asked politely.
“Sure,” the policeman said. “Go straight ahead along this road. At the second traffic light, turn right. Then walk about 200 meters. You will see the bookstore on your left, between a bank and a coffee shop.”I thanked him and followed his directions. Soon I found the bookstore. It was a great place with many interesting books. I bought two storybooks and went home happily.
I learned that asking for directions politely is very important. People are always ready to help if you are polite.
这篇范文是一篇记叙文,描述了一次问路的经历。对话部分生动再现了交流场景,运用了问路的礼貌用语(Excuse me, Could you please tell me...),并强调了礼貌在人际交往中的重要性,有一定的思想深度。
参考范文四:My Favorite Way to Travel
There are many ways to travel, such as by bus, by subway, by train, or by bike. My favorite way is by bike.
Why do I like traveling by bike? First, it is good for my health. Riding a bike is a kind of exercise. It makes me strong. Second, it is good for the environment. Bikes don’t make pollution. Third, it is convenient. I can stop anywhere I want to enjoy the view.
Last weekend, I rode my bike to the Riverside Park with my friends. It took us only twenty minutes. We enjoyed the sunshine and the fresh air along the way. We had a great time together.
I think traveling by bike is a smart choice. Let’s ride bikes more often!
这篇范文介绍了一种交通方式——骑自行车,采用“总—分—总”结构,主体部分用 first, second, third 逐一说明骑行的优点,并用个人经历加以佐证,逻辑清晰、说服力强。
四、写作建议与注意事项
①明确起点和终点:描述路线时,首先要说清楚起点和终点在哪里,避免让读者感到困惑。例如:“From the school to the library”或“From my home to the supermarket”。
②善用方位介词:本单元的方位介词(next to, across from, between, on the corner of 等)是描述地点位置的关键,要准确使用。建议先画出简单的地图,再根据地图用英语描述,这样方位会更清晰准确。
③注意时态的正确使用:介绍交通方式、描述路线或表达喜好时用一般现在时;描述过去发生的旅行经历时用一般过去时。注意过去式的变化规则:take→took, go→went, have→had, see→saw 等。不要混用时态。
④运用逻辑连接词:按空间顺序或时间顺序描述时,使用 first, then, next, after that, finally 等连接词,使文章条理清晰、逻辑顺畅。
⑤加入情感表达:描述旅行经历时,加入对景色、活动的感受和评价(如 wonderful, amazing, unforgettable, happy, tired but happy),能让文章更加生动感人,而不是枯燥地罗列事实。
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