内容正文:
知识清单·译林版六年级下册
Unit 4 Road safety
知识梳理
知识点拨
【考点一】情态动词must和can的用法
【考点二】辨析safe、safely和safety
【考点三】Stress重音
考点一:情态动词must和can的用法
解析:
情态动词本身有一定的词义,是表示语气的单词。但是情态动词不能独立在句子中作谓语,必须和动词原形一起构成谓语。常见的情态动词有 must, can, could, may,should, need 等。
1. 情态动词 must和can 的用法 ★★★
中文意思
用法
否定形式
must
必须
表示必要或很重要,指因需要、命令或强制而必须做某事
后接动词原形,没有人称和数的变化
must not/mustn't
(表示强烈禁止)
can
能;可以;会
表示一般能力,指本身具有的能力、体能等
cannot/can't
例句:I must go to the bank and get some money. 我必须去银行取一些钱。
Don't be impatient. I can explain it to you. 不要不耐烦。我可以跟你解释这件事。
Cars must not park in front of the entrance. 车辆不可以停在入口前面。
I can't tell if this is his handwriting. 我无法辨认这是不是他的笔迹。
2.含有情态动词的不同句式的句型结构 ★★★
(1) 肯定句:主语+情态动词+动词原形(+其他).
例句:You should be more careful when driving. 你开车时应该更加小心。
(2) 否定句:主语+情态动词+not+动词原形(+其他).
例句:The report may not be complete. 这份报告可能不完整。
(3) 一般疑问句:情态动词+主语+动词原形(+其他)?
例句:—Must I go to see the doctor? 我必须去看医生吗?
—Yes, you must. 是的,你必须去。/No, you needn't. 不,你不必。
易错提示►对由 must开头的一般疑问句进行否定回答,答句中的否定词要用needn't, 而不用 mustn't。
(4) 特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+情态动词+主语+动词原形(+其他)?
例句: What could the little boy do six years ago? 这个小男孩六年前会做什么?
【大显身手】
一、从方框中选择合适的单词填空。(可重复使用)must
mustn't
can
can't
1. You ________go to bed before 8 o’clock. Don’t be late.
2. Listen! You ________ chase each other around the classroom.
3. We ________ wait any longer! We should do something.
4. —Mum, ________I play with my toy now?
—No, you ________. You ________ practise playing the piano first.
二、单项选择。
( )1.--________I speak to Mary? --Yes, speaking.
A.Must B.Need C.May
( )2.This maths problem is too hard. Nobody________do it.
A.may not B.may C.can
( )3.--Can you speak Japanese? --No, I_______.
A. can't B.mustn't C.may not
考点二:辨析safe、safely和safety
解析:
一、词性不同
(1) safe: safe是形容词。
(2) safely: safely是副词。
(3) safety: safety是名词。
二、用法不同
(1) safe: safe的基本意思是“安全的,不会有危险的”,指某人或某物处于一种不受危险威胁的状态,也可指“没有受到损害的,平安的”,多指某人或某物在经受长时间的危险之后安全地回来。safe还可指“不致导致损害或损伤的”“不冒险的,小心的”等,用来修饰名词。
如:The food is safe for babies.这食品对婴儿来说是安全的。
(2) safely: safely意为“安全地;安稳地”,通常用来修饰动词或动词短语。
如:For your safety,please do not get off until the train stops.
为了你的安全,请在火车停稳后下车。
(3) safety: safety的基本意思是“安全,平安”,指远离危险的威胁而处于不受伤害的状态。引申可指“平安地带”。safety多用作不可数名词,常用于 in safety或 with safety短语中。
如:How can you cross them safely?你怎么样才能安全地穿过它们呢?
【大显身手】
一、用safe的适当形式填空。
1.—Can we cross the road ________ now?
—Yes, it's ________ to cross now.
2. ________ is very important for us.
3. Playing on the road is not ________.
4. You must stay ________ on the road and cross it ________.
5. To keep ________, we must look out for the car.
二、单项选择。
( )1.—What do you know about road ________?
—We must follow the rules and stay ________ on the road.
A. safe; safely B. safety; safe C. safety; safely
( )2. It is ________ to wait for the green man.
A. safety B. safe C. safely
( )3. We should pay attention to(关注)food ________.
A. safety B. safe C. safely
考点三:Stress重音
解析:
1.什么是重音?
在朗读英语或用英语交谈时,并不是句子中的每个词都读得声音一样大小、一样清楚。一句话中有的词汇在朗读时,需要音长相对饱满、语调清晰响亮,这些词就是重读词汇(Stressed words)。相反,在连贯的话语中,有些词读得或说得又轻又快,比较含糊,音长短且没有语调变化,这些词称为弱读词汇(unstressed words)。
2.哪些词在句子中需重读?
(1) 实词需要重读
实词有实际意义,能独立承担句子成分,有词形的变化。包括:
· 名词(n.):表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如:boy,morning,bag,ball,class,orange.
· 代词(pron.):主要用来代替名词,共分为9种,总体上代词是实词,如:who,she,you,it .但人称代词被看作虚词。
· 形容词(adj.):表示人或事物的性质或特征。如:good,right,white,orange .
· 数词(num.):表示数目或事物的顺序。如:one,two,three,first,second,third,fourth.
· 动词(v.):表示动作或状态。如:am,is,are,have,see .
· 副词(adv.):修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。如:now,very,here,quickly, badly
(2) 虚词弱读
虚词没有实在意义,在句子中不能独立承担句子成分,虚词没有词形的变化。包括:
· 冠词(art.):用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如:a,an,the.
· 介词(prep.):表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in,on,from,above,behind.
· 连词(conj.):用来连接词、短语或句子。如and,but,before .
· 感叹词(interj.)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如:oh,well,hi,
· 助动词(Auxiliary verbs)如:has, have, may, will, do,does,etc.
例如:I 'can't 'find my 'wallet. 我找不到我的钱包了。
'What can I 'do for you? 我能为你做些什么呢?
【大显身手】
一、判断下列句子中单词重读的标注是(√)否(×)正确。
( )1. 'Stop! There's a 'bus coming.
( )2. You 'mustn't walk now.
( )3. 'We must wait for the green 'man.
( )4. You can walk 'now, but 'don't run.
( )5. 'There is 'much food in the fridge.
写作指引
一、写作目标
1. 能够围绕Road safety(道路安全)主题,运用本单元核心词汇、句型,清晰介绍道路安全规则、安全过马路的方法。
2. 学会使用must(必须)、must not/mustn’t(禁止)、should/shouldn’t(应该/不应该)等情态动词,规范表达交通规则。
3. 完成一篇语句通顺、逻辑清晰、不少于5句话的英语短文,培养交通安全意识,做到书写规范、语法正确。
二、核心知识储备
(一)重点单词/短语
1. 道路相关:road(马路)、zebra crossing(斑马线)、pavement(人行道)、traffic lights(交通灯)、cross the road(过马路)、busy road(繁忙的马路)
2. 规则相关:safe(安全的)、safely(安全地)、must(必须)、mustn’t(禁止)、should(应该)、shouldn’t(不应该)、look at(看)、wait for(等待)、look left/right(左看/右看)、stop(停下)、go(行走)
(二)重点句型
1. 开头引入话题:
• Road safety is very important for us.(道路安全对我们来说非常重要。)
• How to cross the road safely?(如何安全过马路?)
• We must follow the road safety rules.(我们必须遵守道路安全规则。)
2. 介绍必须做的事(must/should):
• We must look for a zebra crossing first.(我们必须先找斑马线。)
• We must look at the traffic lights and wait for the green man.(我们必须看交通灯,等待绿灯。)
• We should look left and right before crossing the road.(过马路前我们应该左右看。)
• We can cross the road with other people.(我们可以和别人一起过马路。)
3. 介绍禁止/不应该做的事(mustn’t/shouldn’t):
• We mustn’t run or play on the road.(我们禁止在马路上奔跑、玩耍。)
• We mustn’t cross the road when the light is red.(红灯时我们禁止过马路。)
• We shouldn’t ride bikes fast on the road.(我们不应该在马路上快速骑车。)
4. 结尾总结:
• Following the rules makes us safe.(遵守规则能保证我们安全。)
• Let’s keep safe on the road.(让我们在路上保持安全。)
三、写作步骤(三步成文法)
第一步:开头(总起,点明主题)
简单介绍道路安全的重要性,引出要遵守交通规则。
参考句式:Road safety is very important. We must follow the rules to keep safe on the road.
第二步:中间(分述,详细写规则)
分两部分写:必须做的安全行为 + 禁止做的危险行为,用上must/should和mustn’t/shouldn’t,条理清晰。
1. 安全过马路的正确做法(2-3句话)
2. 马路上禁止的行为(1-2句话)
第三步:结尾(总结,升华主题)
呼吁大家遵守规则,保持道路安全,简洁收尾。
四、高分范文(两篇,适配不同写作要求)
范文一:基础版(5-6句话,适合日常作业)
Road safety
Road safety is very important for us. We must follow the road safety rules.
First, we must look for a zebra crossing before crossing the road. We should look left and right. We mustn’t play on the busy road.
Let’s keep safe on the road every day.
范文二:提升版(8-10句话,适合考试拔高)
Road safety
Now there are many busy roads in the city. Road safety is important to keep us safe.
To cross the road safely, we must first find a zebra crossing. Then we should look at the traffic lights and wait for the green light. Before crossing, we need to look left and right carefully. We can cross the road with our parents or friends.
We mustn’t run, play games or ride bikes fast on the road. It’s very dangerous.
Let’s follow all the road safety rules. We will be safe every day.
五、写作易错点提醒
1. 情态动词用法:must/should/mustn’t/shouldn’t 后面直接加动词原形,不能加to。
错误:We must to look left. 正确:We must look left.
2. 短语搭配:cross the road(动词短语),across the road(介词短语),写作常用cross the road。
3. 语句连贯:用First, Then, And等连接词,让文章更通顺,避免句子杂乱。
4. 书写规范:注意大小写、标点,句子首字母大写,句末加句号。
六、写作小练习
根据提示,补全短文并背诵:
Road safety
Road safety is very __________. We must __________ the traffic rules.
We must look for a __________ crossing. We should look __________ and right. We mustn’t __________ on the road.
Let’s __________ safe on the road.
七、写作评分要点
1. 紧扣Road safety主题,内容完整,包含安全规则和禁止行为;
2. 正确使用must/should/mustn’t等情态动词,语法无误;
3. 语句通顺,无单词拼写错误,书写工整;
4. 句子数量达标,结构完整(开头+中间+结尾)。
综合训练
一、按要求写单词
1.who(所有格) 2.she(宾格)
3.danger (反义词) 4.free(反义词)
5.busy(反义词) 6.left (反义词)
7.drive (名词) 8.take(过去式)
二、看图,在句中空白处填入一个单词完成对话。
A: Look! The road is so busy.
B: Yes, there’s too 1 traffic.
A: So we should look 2 !
B: You’re right. We should stop and 3 .
A: To stay 4 , we can’t cross the road.
B: Look at the boys, Tina.
A: What are 5 doing?
B: They are 6 football.
A: That’s dangerous.
B: We shouldn’t run or play on the road.
三、用所给词的适当形式填空。
1.You mustn't________(run) on the road.
2. We must stay________ (safe) on the road and cross it________(safe).
3.We should pay attention to(注意)medicine________(safe).
4. Must Nancy________(wash) clothes now?
5. In many big________(city),many people like eating wild animals.
四、单项选择题。
( )1.Don't climb the tree. It's not_______.
A.safety B.safe C.safely
( )2.I_______the post office,but I can't _______it.
A.look for; look for B.find; find C.look for; find
( )3.The question is very_______. I can answer it_______.
A.easy;easy B.easily; easy C.easy; easily
( )4.You_______ play with your mobile phone on the road.
A.must B.mustn't C.should
( )5.—_______I go skating now? —Yes,you can.But you_______skate on the road.
A.Must; must B.Can; mustn't C.Can; are
( )6.Look!Some boys are waiting_______ the bus.
A.to B.and C.for
( )7.Can you see the red man?You_______ cross the road now.
A.must B.can C.mustn't
( )8.In_______, people drive on the_______ side of the road.
A.Beijing; left B.Hong Kong; right C.Beijing; right
( )9.Don't look out_______ the window. Please listen_______.
A.for; careful B.of; carefully C.of; careful
( )10._______do you _______there?
A. How; get B.How;get to C.What; got
五、匹配题(将句子与对应的答句/释义匹配,填序号)。
I II
( )1.Can I watch TV? A.First, you must look for a zebra crossing.
( )2.What must you do? B.You can take the bus.
( )3.How can we cross them safely? C.No, you can’t.
( )4.How do we get to your school? D.Yes, there are.
( )5.Are there many cars on the road? E. I must run fast.
六、按要求完成下面各题。
1. You must watch TV first. (改为否定句)
You________ ________TV first.
2. We cannot find a zebra crossing in the street. (改为肯定句)
We________ ________a zebra crossing in the street.
3. We mustn’t eat or drink in the library. (改为同义句)
________eat or drink in the library.
4. I can wait on the pavement. (对画线部分提问)
________ ________ you________?
7、 【新素养·综合运用】选择合适的句子补全对话。
Liu Tao: 1. ________A. We can walk there.
B. Now we can go across the road.
C. Here's the red man.
D. Don't run! It's dangerous.
E. Let's go to Green Park.
Su Hai: Good idea. It's not far. 2. ________
Liu Tao: OK. Let's go.
Su Hai: Stop! 3. ________
Liu Tao: I'm sorry.
Su Hai: We must wait for the green man.
Liu Tao: There he is. 4. ________ Be quick!
Su Hai: 5. ________
八、【新情境·图文结合】阅读下列短文,从各题所给的A、B、C三个选项中,选出最佳选项。
Rules are everywhere. When you are reading in the library, taking a bus or driving a car on the road, you must follow some rules. But do you know about any rules on a metro? If you take a metro in Xuzhou.
At the metro station:
*Wait in line before getting on the metro. Stand behind the yellow line.
*Let the passengers (乘客) get off first. Don’t rush onto the metro.
*When you hear a “beep” sound,don’t get on the metro. The door is closing. Wait for another metro.
On the metro:
*No smoking.
*No eating &drinking
*Give your seat to old people, the disabled or women carrying babies.
( )1.The text is mainly about (主要是关于) the rules _________.
A.in the library B.on the metro in Xuzhou C.on the road
( )2.What can you do at the metro station?
A. Rush onto the metro. B.Get on the metro when there is a “beep” sound.
C.Stand behind the yellow line.
( )3.What can we do on the metro?
A.Smoking. B.Drinking some milk. C.Giving seats to help others.
参考答案
考点一:情态动词must和can的用法
一、从方框中选择合适的单词填空。(可重复使用)
1. must
2. mustn’t
3. can’t
4. can; can’t; must
二、单项选择。
1-3 CCA
考点二:辨析safe、safely和safety
一、用safe的适当形式填空。
1. safely; safe
2. Safety
3. safe
4. safe; safely
5. safe
二、单项选择。
1-3 BBA
考点三:Stress重音
一、判断下列句子中单词重读的标注是(√)否(×)正确。
1-5 √ √ × ×.√
综合训练
一、按要求写单词
1.whose
2.her
3.safe
4.busy
5.free
6.right
7.driver
8.took
二、看图,在句中空白处填入一个单词完成对话。
1.much
2.out
3.wait
4.safe
5.they
6.playing
三、用所给词的适当形式填空。
1.run
2.safe;safely
3.safety
4.wash
5.cities
四、单项选择题。
1-5 BCCBB 6-10 CCCBA
五、匹配题(将句子与对应的答句/释义匹配,填序号)。
1-5 CEABD
六、按要求完成下面各题。
1.mustn’t watch
2.can find
3.Don’t
4.Where can;wait
8、 【新素养·综合运用】选择合适的句子补全对话。
1-5 EACBD
八、【新情境·图文结合】阅读下列短文,从各题所给的A、B、C三个选项中,选出最佳选项。
1-3 BCC
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