Unit 3 A healthy diet（期中知识清单）英语译林版三起六年级下册

知识清单·译林版六年级下册 Unit 3 A healthy diet 知识梳理 知识点拨 【考点一】可数名词与不可数名词 【考点二】常见的数量词的用法 【考点三】情态动词 should/shouldn't 的用法（表饮食建议） 考点一：可数名词与不可数名词 解析： 名词是表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的词。它有可数名词和不可数名词之分。 1. 可数名词及其复数形式的变化规则 ★★★★ 可数名词指的是可以用数目来计算的名词，可以分为个体的人或事物。可数名词有单复数之分，其复数形式的变化规则为： (1) 一般情况下,在词尾直接加-s,如:dog—dogs, girl—girls; (2) 以 s, x, ch, sh 结尾的,在词尾加-es,如:bus—buses, box—boxes, peach—peaches, brush—brushes; (3) 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的,变 y为i,再加-es,如:story—stories, party—parties; (4) 部分以 o结尾的,有生命的名词,在词尾加-es,如:mango—mangoes, potato—potatoes, tomato—tomatoes;无生命的名词,在词尾加-s,如:piano—pianos, radio—radios。注意：kangaroo虽然是以o结尾，且有生命的名词，但其复数形式是直接在词尾加-s，即kangaroos; (5) 不规则变化,如:child—children, tooth—teeth, man—men。 2.不可数名词及其使用规则 不可数名词指的是不能以数目来计算的名词。 (1) 不可数名词以物质名词和抽象名词为主,如:rain, bread, juice, paper, hair等,这些物质名词都是不可数名词；抽象名词，如：work, love, weather等，也是不可数名词。 (2) 不可数名词没有复数形式，也不能直接与不定冠词 a/an连用。如果要表示特指，前面可以用定冠词 the。 不可数名词如果要表示一定的数量,可以借助单位量词,如:a cup of, two bags of。 【大显身手】 一、用所给词的适当形式填空。 1. I eat a few ________(tomato) every week. 2. We need a lot of ________(fruit) for the party. 3. There ________(be) any vegetables just now. 4. We have some ________(fish) for lunch. 二、单项选择。 ( )1. There isn't________ orange juice in the glass. A. few B. much C. many ( )2. There is ________ water in the bottle. A. a few B. a little C. many ( )3.—How much ________ do you want? —A little. A. tomatoes B. boxes C. ice cream 考点二：常见的数量词的用法 解析： (1) 只修饰可数名词复数 a few几个；many很多（注意：后面的名词必须是复数形式） 例:There are a few ants near the grass. 草附近有几只蚂蚁。 There are many books in my room.我的房间里有很多书。 (2) 只修饰不可数名词 a little一点; much很多 例: I drank a little green tea just now.我刚才喝了一点绿茶。 Be careful! There's much water on the floor.小心！地板上有很多水。 (3) 既修饰可数名词复数又修饰不可数名词 some一些; a lot of= lots of很多；大量 例：Would you like some/a lot of sweets? 你想要一些/很多糖吗？ We need some/a lot of rice. 我们需要一些/很多大米。 提优：a few和a little表示肯定意义；而 few和little则表示否定意义，意为“不多；几乎没有”。例如：I have a few good friends.我有几个好朋友。 Few people know the answer. 很少有人知道答案。 Peter can speak a little Chinese.彼得能说一点中文。 I understand little of what he said.我几乎听不懂他所说的。 注意：little还表示“小的”。 例如：I want a little bird as a pet.我想要一只小鸟作为宠物。 【大显身手】 一、选择合适的词填空。 1. There are a________(few/ little) mangoes in the box. 2. Nancy has ________(some/ many) milk and ________(some/a few) bread for breakfast. 3. We need ________(a lot of/a lot) vegetables for our heath. 4. There are ________(many/ much) tomatoes in the bag. 5. I drink ________(much / many) water because I'm thirsty. 考点三：情态动词 should/shouldn't 的用法（表饮食建议） 解析： 1.基本含义： should：表示 “应该”，用于给出合理的饮食建议，语气委婉。 shouldn't：是 should 的否定形式，表示 “不应该”，用于提醒避免不健康的饮食行为。 2.用法结构： 肯定句：主语 + should + 动词原形 + 饮食相关内容. 否定句：主语 + shouldn't + 动词原形 + 饮食相关内容. 一般疑问句：Should + 主语 + 动词原形 + 饮食相关内容？（肯定回答：Yes, 主语 + should. 否定回答：No, 主语 + shouldn't.） 注意： 1.should/shouldn't 后必须接动词原形，不受主语单复数影响。 2.饮食建议中常搭配核心动词：eat（吃）、drink（喝）、have（吃；喝）、avoid（避免）等。 典例： 1.You should eat more vegetables and fruit. 你应该多吃蔬菜和水果。 2.We shouldn't eat too much fast food. 我们不应该吃太多快餐。 3.—Should I drink milk every day? 我应该每天喝牛奶吗？—Yes, you should. It's good for your bones. 是的，你应该。这对你的骨骼有好处。 【大显身手】 一、单项选择： (    ) 1.We ______ eat a lot of vegetables to keep healthy. A. should B. shouldn't C. can't (    ) 2.He ______ drink too much cola. It's bad for his teeth. A. should B. shouldn't C. must (    ) 3.—Should she eat sweets every day?—______, she shouldn't. They are unhealthy. A. Yes B. No C. Maybe 二、按要求填空（用 should 或 shouldn't 填空）： 1.We ______ eat more fruit. It has a lot of vitamins. 2.You ______ eat too many hamburgers. They are high in fat. 3.She ______ drink much water every day. It's good for metabolism. 4.He ______ eat sweet food before bedtime. It's bad for teeth. 写作指引 一、写作核心要求 本单元写作主题为A healthy diet（健康的饮食），是小学六年级英语单元话题写作重点，主要考查学生运用一般现在时，结合本单元核心词汇、句型，描述健康饮食的重要性、健康饮食的搭配以及不良饮食的危害，完成一篇逻辑清晰、语句通顺的短文。 具体要求 1. 时态：全文使用一般现在时，描述客观事实、日常饮食习惯和普遍道理。 2. 字数：基础版不少于6句话，进阶版8-12句话，符合六年级写作篇幅标准。 3. 内容：紧扣主题，包含健康饮食的重要性、一日三餐的健康搭配、应多吃/少吃的食物，可适当加入自己的饮食习惯。 4. 语言：语句通顺，无语法错误，正确使用本单元核心短语和句型，标点、大小写规范。 二、核心词汇&短语积累（必背） 1. 食物类（按健康饮食分类） • 主食类（健康，多吃）：rice（米饭）, noodles（面条）, bread（面包）, cereal（麦片） • 蛋白质类（健康，适量）：egg（鸡蛋）, milk（牛奶）, meat（肉）, fish（鱼）, chicken（鸡肉） • 果蔬类（健康，多吃）：vegetable（蔬菜）, fruit（水果）, tomato（西红柿）, potato（土豆）, apple（苹果）, banana（香蕉） • 不健康类（少吃）：sweet food（甜食）, chocolate（巧克力）, candy（糖果）, ice cream（冰淇淋）, hamburger（汉堡包）, cola（可乐） 2. 核心短语 • a healthy diet 健康的饮食 • be important for 对……很重要 • a lot of 许多（修饰可数/不可数名词） • a little 一点（修饰不可数名词） • a few 几个（修饰可数名词复数） • every day 每天 • for breakfast/lunch/dinner 作为早餐/午餐/晚餐 • too much 太多（修饰不可数名词） • be bad for 对……有害 • be good for 对……有益 • keep healthy 保持健康 三、万能句型模板（直接套用） 1. 开头句（点明主题，强调重要性） 1. A healthy diet is very important for us. 2. Everyone should have a healthy diet. 3. It is very important to have a healthy diet. 2. 中间句（描述健康饮食搭配，分点说明） （1）介绍多吃的食物 1. In a healthy diet, we eat a lot of fruit and vegetables every day. 2. We can have a lot of rice or noodles for meals. 3. We should have some milk and eggs every morning. （2）介绍适量吃的食物 1. We can have a little meat or fish for lunch and dinner. 2. We eat a few eggs every week. （3）介绍少吃的食物 1. We shouldn’t eat too much sweet food. 2. Too much chocolate is bad for our teeth. 3. Cola and ice cream are not good for our body. 3. 结尾句（总结观点，发出倡议） 1. Let’s have a healthy diet and keep healthy. 2. A healthy diet makes us strong and happy. 3. We should keep a healthy diet every day. 四、写作结构框架（三段式，清晰易懂） 第一段：开头（1-2句话） 开门见山，点明健康饮食很重要，引出文章主题，直接使用开头句型模板即可。 第二段：中间（3-6句话） 文章核心部分，分两层写： 1. 第一层：写健康饮食应该吃什么，结合主食、果蔬、蛋白质类食物，用a lot of/a few/a little描述数量。 2. 第二层：写不健康的食物要少吃，说明甜食、垃圾食品的危害。 小贴士：可加入自己的一日三餐饮食习惯，让内容更真实。 第三段：结尾（1-2句话） 总结全文，呼吁大家养成健康的饮食习惯，呼应开头，升华主题。 五、分步写作步骤 Step 1 审题立意 确定主题为A healthy diet，时态用一般现在时，明确要写“重要性+健康食物+不健康食物+总结”四部分内容。 Step 2 列提纲（简单草稿） 1. 开头：A healthy diet is very important for us. 2. 中间： ◦ 多吃：fruit, vegetables, rice, milk, eggs ◦ 适量：a little meat, a few eggs ◦ 少吃：sweet food, chocolate, cola 3. 结尾：Let’s have a healthy diet and keep healthy. Step 3 连词成句，扩写内容 把提纲里的关键词，用本单元句型串联起来，适当添加修饰词，让句子更丰富，注意主谓一致、名词单复数。 Step 4 检查修改 1. 时态：全文是否都是一般现在时，动词三单是否正确（he/she/it后动词加s/es）。 2. 词汇：a lot of/a little/a few用法是否正确，食物单词拼写无误。 3. 语句：句子通顺，标点、大小写正确，无语法错误。 4. 字数：达到要求，逻辑连贯。 六、范文赏析（基础版+进阶版） 基础版（适合初学，6句话） A healthy diet A healthy diet is very important for us. In a healthy diet, we eat a lot of fruit and vegetables. We can have a lot of rice for lunch and dinner. We should drink some milk every day. We shouldn’t eat too much sweet food. It’s bad for us. Let’s have a healthy diet and keep healthy. 进阶版（适合拔高，10句话） A healthy diet Everyone should have a healthy diet. It is good for our body. In a healthy diet, we eat a lot of vegetables and fruit every day. They are very healthy. We can have a lot of rice or noodles for breakfast, lunch and dinner. We need to have some milk and eggs, because they help us grow. We can have a little meat or fish for meals. We shouldn’t eat too much chocolate or candy. They are sweet and bad for our teeth. I have a healthy diet. I eat vegetables every day. I think a healthy diet makes us strong. Let’s keep it! 七、易错点提醒 1. a lot of/a little/a few 混淆 ◦ a lot of + 可数名词复数/不可数名词（例：a lot of rice） ◦ a little + 不可数名词（例：a little meat） ◦ a few + 可数名词复数（例：a few eggs） 2. too much/too many 混淆 ◦ too much + 不可数名词（例：too much sweet food） ◦ too many + 可数名词复数（例：too many candies） 3. 主谓一致错误 主语是we，动词用原形；主语是it/he/she，动词用三单（例：It is important. She eats fruit.） 4. 名词单复数错误 vegetable→vegetables，fruit泛指水果不可数，指种类可数，food泛指不可数。 5. 介词错误 三餐前用for，例：have milk for breakfast 八、写作小技巧 1. 写完后大声朗读一遍，检查语句是否通顺。 2. 尽量使用本单元学过的句型，不要用陌生复杂的句子。 3. 可以加入自己的真实饮食习惯，让作文更有真情实感。 4. 合理使用and, but等连词，让文章衔接更自然（例：Fruit is healthy, but too much fruit is not good.） 综合训练 一、按要求写单词 1．bite（过去式） 2．wake（过去式） 3．beautiful（副词） 4．good（副词） 5．let（过去式） 6．quiet（副词） 7．early（副词） 8．health（形容词） 二、从方框中选择恰当的短语完成下列句子或对话。（每个短语限用一次） some water take the big bag a healthy diet sweet food a few eggs 1. Mary has ____________________. She doesn't eat too much. 2. There are ____________________ on the table. 3. We shouldn't eat a lot of____________________. 4.—I'm thirsty, Dad. —Drink ____________________, please. 5. —Can you help me ____________________ , Liu Tao?—Sure, Mum. 三、用所给词（组）的适当形式填空。 1. My mother __________(not write) any stories yesterday. 2.—Would you like __________(some) __________ (fish)? —Yes, please. 3. Meat and milk __________(make) your body strong. 4. Vitamin __________(keep) skin and hair __________(health). 5. We should not eat too __________(many) sweet food because it is bad for our health. 四、单项选择题。 ( ) 1. You shouldn’t________ too much cola. A. eat B. drink C. drinking ( ) 2. Eating too much ice cream and sweet food________ good for your teeth. A. isn’t B. aren’t C. don’t ( ) 3.________ a healthy diet, there is a lot of fruit and vegetables. A. In B. To C. Of ( ) 4. My mother bought some________ . She is making________ soup now. A. tomato; tomatoes B. tomatoes; tomato C. tomatoes; tomatoes ( ) 5. How ________ bread________ there in the basket ? A. much; are B. many; is C. much; is ( ) 6. —Can I have________ apple juice? —Yes, but you can’t drink________ . A. some; too much B. a little; too many C. a few; too many ( ) 7. There isn’t________ coffee in the cup. Would you like to get________ for me ? A. some; some B. a few; some C. any; some ( ) 8. —________ Su Hai________ milk and vegetables every day? —Yes. A. Do; have B. Does; has C. Does; have ( ) 9. Wang Bing eats a lot of________ every day. He likes________ food. A. sweet; sweets B. sweets; sweet C. sweets; sweets ( ) 10. There________ any orange juice in the bottle. A. isn’t B. is C. aren’t 五、匹配题（将句子与对应的答句/释义匹配，填序号）。                I                                     II ( )1. Does Mike have a healthy diet? A. She has a little rice. ( )2. Is there any cola? B. Yes, they do. ( )3. What does Yang Ling have for lunch? C. Yes, he does. ( )4. Do they like sweet food? D. No, there isn't. ( )5. What would you like? E. I'd like some fruit. 六、按要求完成下面各题。 1. Do you want to come with me? （改为同义句） _______ you _____ to come with me? 2. She eats some meat. （改为一般疑问句） ______ she ____ any meat? 3. My father has some bread and milk for breakfast.（对画线部分提问） ______ ______ ______ father ______ for breakfast? 4. I have a little rice at a time. （对画线部分提问） ______ ______ _____ do you have at a time? 7、 【新素养·综合运用】选择合适的句子补全对话。 A: 1 Time for breakfast. A．I’d like some cola and a hamburger. B．Wake up, John. C．You should have a healthy diet, John. D．What’s for breakfast? E. Can I have a cake then? B: OK. 2 A: Some porridge and bread. B: I don’t like them. 3 A: Oh, dear, it’s not good for your health. B: 4 A: Sure. 5 B: All right. 八、【新情境·图表结合】阅读短文，选择正确的答案。 Hello, welcome to Lucky Restaurant! We have really good noodles. They are cheap and nice! You can get some other great food here. There are also some great specials. They are all delicious. Have a look at our menu(菜单) and have a try soon. It is on Renmin Road, between the hospital and the bookshop. You can call 400-882578 to book seats. Noodles    Special A (beef and potato) ¥18 Special B (mutton and cabbage) ¥19 Special C (chicken and mushroom) ¥16 Dumplings Pork ¥15 Vegetables ¥12 Ice cream    Strawberry ice cream ¥10 Banana ice cream ¥8 Mango ice cream ¥12 ( )1．Where is the restaurant? A．On Lucky Road. B．Next to a bookshop. C．Behind the hospital. ( )2．The phone number of the restaurant is ______. A．400-882578 B．400-887825 C．004-882578 ( )3．If you have a bowl of pork dumplings, your friend has Special A, and you two share a mango ice cream, you two should pay ______. A．¥55 B．¥37 C．¥45 ( )4．We can buy all the following food EXCEPT(除了) ______. A．banana ice cream B．vegetables dumplings C．tomato noodles ( )5．You may find the material in ______. A．a science book B．a textbook C．a local newspaper 参考答案 考点一：可数名词与不可数名词 一、用所给词的适当形式填空。 1. tomatoes 2. fruit 3. aren’t 4. fish 二、单项选择。 1-3 BBC 考点二：常见的数量词的用法 一、选择合适的词填空。 1. few 2. some; some 3. a lot of 4. many 5. much 考点三：情态动词 should/shouldn't 的用法（表饮食建议） 一、单项选择： 1-3 ABB 二、按要求填空（用 should 或 shouldn't 填空）： 1. should 2. shouldn’t 3. should 4. shouldn’t 综合训练 一、按要求写单词 1．bit 2．woke 3．beautifully 4．well 5．let 6．quietly 7．early 8．healthy 二、从方框中选择恰当的短语完成下列句子或对话。（每个短语限用一次） 1. a healthy diet 2. a few eggs 3. sweet food 4. some water 5. take the big bag 三、用所给词（组）的适当形式填空。 1.didn't write 2.some fish 3.make 4.keeps; healthy 5.much 四、单项选择题。 1-5 BAABC 6-10 ACCBA 五、匹配题（将句子与对应的答句/释义匹配，填序号）。 1-5 CDABE 六、按要求完成下面各题。 1. would; like 2. Does; eat 3. What does your; have 4. How much rice 8、 【新素养·综合运用】选择合适的句子补全对话。 1-5 BDAEC 八、【新情境·图表结合】阅读短文，选择正确的答案。 1-5 BACCC 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $