考前押题05 六选四6大常考话题（期中专项训练）（期中专项训练）高一英语下学期沪外版

考前押题05 六选四6大常考话题 话题1 生活与学习 话题4 历史、社会与文化 话题2 做人与做事 话题5 科学与技术 话题3 文学、艺术与体育 话题6 人与自然 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 话题1 生活与学习 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·上海徐汇·期中）How to Cope with Emotional Eating If you empty the fridge when you’re stressed or upset, that’s called emotional eating. Emotional eating affects most people from time to time. But regularly letting your feelings guide your food intake can affect your health. Sadness, boredom, and other negative feelings can drive emotional eating. Emotional eating includes eating a whole container of ice-cream after a breakup. Or eating up a bag of potato chips when you’re home alone on a Saturday night. 1 Many people overeat at joyous events, such as parties and weddings. Eating more food than your body needs can have dangerous results. People who eat for emotional reasons often gain too much weight. This puts them at greater risk for type 2 diabetes, heart disease, high blood pressure, stroke, obesity, and cancer. Eating too much has emotional consequences as well. 2 Here are some tips for you to stop emotional eating episodes and break the cycle: Learn to recognize hunger. Next time you reach for a snack, ask yourself what’s driving it. If you are truly hungry, you’ll notice physical symptoms, such as an empty stomach. 3 If you don’t have those signs, you probably don’t need to eat right then. Find other interests. Finding an activity that you enjoy can increase self-confidence, which is often poor in emotional eaters. Examples might be yoga, playing a musical instrument, volunteering, or painting. 4 If that’s so, then a new interest can fill your hours and make you less likely to look to food for emotional satisfaction. A．Emotional eating results from certain feelings, such as anger or sadness. B．Other less obvious hunger cues include a bad temper and trouble focusing. C．But happy events can cause emotional eating, too. D．You may find that your eating is driven by boredom. E．These include feeling guilty or embarrassed afterward. F．However, boredom can lead to emotional eating as well. 【答案】1．C 2．E 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨了情绪化进食的诱因及其健康风险，并提供了实用建议，如识别真实饥饿信号和培养替代兴趣来打破这种不良循环。 1．前文“Sadness, boredom, and other negative feelings can drive emotional eating. Emotional eating includes eating a whole container of ice-cream after a breakup. Or eating up a bag of potato chips when you’re home alone on a Saturday night. (悲伤、无聊和其他负面情绪都可能引发情绪化进食。比如分手后吃掉整盒冰淇淋，或是周六晚上独自在家时吃完一整包薯片)”提到负面情绪会引发情绪化进食，并举例说明，后文“Many people overeat at joyous events, such as parties and weddings. (许多人在欢乐场合也会暴饮暴食，比如派对和婚礼上)”举例欢乐场合暴饮暴食的情况，此处需过渡句衔接到正面情绪也会引发情绪化进食，因此C项“But happy events can cause emotional eating, too. (但快乐的事件也可能导致情绪化进食)”符合语境，和前文构成转折，后文是对其展开说明。故选C。 2．前文“Eating too much has emotional consequences as well. (暴饮暴食同样会带来情绪上的负面影响)”提到暴饮暴食会影响情绪，此处需具体说明，因此E项“These include feeling guilty or embarrassed afterward. (这些后果包括事后感到内疚或尴尬)”符合语境，承接前文，其中的These指代前文的emotional consequences。故选E。 3．前文“If you are truly hungry, you’ll notice physical symptoms, such as an empty stomach. (如果你真的饿了，你会注意到一些身体症状，比如胃里空空的感觉)”提到真实饥饿的身体症状，此处需补充其他征兆，因此B项“Other less obvious hunger cues include a bad temper and trouble focusing. (其他不太明显的饥饿信号包括脾气暴躁和注意力不集中)”符合语境，承接前文，其中的Other less obvious hunger cues与前文的physical symptoms对应。故选B。 4．后文“If that’s so, then a new interest can fill your hours and make you less likely to look to food for emotional satisfaction. (如果是这样的话，培养一项新的兴趣爱好就能充实你的时间，让你不太可能通过进食来寻求情感上的满足)”指出培养新兴趣能充实时间，从而解决情绪化进食，此处与情绪化进食是由无聊导致的情况有关，因此D项“You may find that your eating is driven by boredom. (你可能会发现自己的进食行为是由无聊驱动的)”符合语境，是培养兴趣能减少进食的前提条件，其中的boredom和后文的fill your hours呼应。故选D。 Passage 2 （24-25高一下·上海·期中）Excerpt from a Commencement Speech I was humbled and honored to be asked by the president of this outstanding university to speak to you today. Who am I? I am Gavin Presgrave, and for the past 39 years, I have written graduation speeches for hundreds of celebrities and nervous valedictorians (致辞的最优生). 1 And, at the risk of bragging, I was the first graduation - speech writer to compare life to a book. If I’m known for anything, it’s for starting speeches by saying, “I promise to keep things short, as I’m sure you are all impatient to go forward to the wonderful lives I hope you will live.” I’m proud of that. But perhaps my most famous work came during a commencement speech at Penn State in the spring of 1977. During that speech, given by someone whose name I forget, I first used the phrase “As I look out into this sea of eager faces...” And that “sea of faces” thing was a real game - changer in the world of graduation - speech writing. 2 In 1997, I won a Herman (our version of the Oscar) for Best Use of a Children’s Author Quote. That same year, I was nominated for Best Opening Joke, which went like, “Oh, no! We’re all wearing the same gown! How embarrassing!” It was a crowd-pleaser. ...... So what have I learned during my career? 3 I’m not sure, but I’m nevertheless reminded of the day my mother died. Moments before her passing, she told me life was a book and even the saddest of chapters shall come to an end. If you can read the sad chapters swiftly and the happy chapters slowly, then yours will be a life worth living. Most of you have no idea what life lies ahead or what course your lives will take — two other ways of saying future. I know this. 4 We may not need a weatherman to know which way the wind blows, but it can’t hurt to carry an umbrella. As I once said, “Tomorrow is a gift wrapped in time. Now is the time to open it!” A．The journey you’re about to start will be filled with twists and turns. B．Yes, I’m proud to say that I’ve won several awards for my graduation speeches. C．What important lesson can I pass along? D．But my life path has not always been smooth. E．For decades, I have come up with new ways to say future. F．What should a good graduation speech be like? 【答案】1．E 2．B 3．C 4．A 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章中作者加文・普雷斯格雷夫表示，很荣幸被大学主席邀请来演讲。作者反思自己职业生涯，联想到母亲去世前说生活是一本书，悲伤章节总会结束，鼓励人们快速度过悲伤章节、慢慢享受快乐章节。最后作者指出多数人不知道未来生活如何，旅程充满曲折，建议大家做好应对未知的准备。 1．根据上文“I was humbled and honored to be asked by the president of this outstanding university to speak to you today. Who am I? I am Gavin Presgrave, and for the past 39 years, I have written graduation speeches for hundreds of celebrities and nervous valedictorians (致辞的最优生).(今天，我受宠若惊，也很荣幸受到这所杰出大学校长的邀请在这里发表演讲。我是谁？我是加文·普雷斯格雷夫，在过去的39年里，我为数百名名人和紧张的毕业生致词)”以及后文“And, at the risk of bragging, I was the first graduation - speech writer to compare life to a book.(而且，冒着吹牛的风险，我是第一个把生活比作一本书的毕业演讲作者)”可知，前文提到作者为很多人写毕业演讲，E选项中“new ways”与“the first”相呼应，符合语境，故E选项“几十年来，我想出了新的方式来表达未来”符合语境，故选E。 2．根据后文“In 1997, I won a Herman (our version of the Oscar) for Best Use of a Children’s Author Quote.(1997年，我获得了赫尔曼奖（我们版的奥斯卡奖）“最佳儿童作者引用奖”)”可知，本句主要引出作者获过奖的经历，故B选项“是的，我很自豪地说，我的毕业演讲赢得了几个奖项”符合语境，故选B。 3．根据上文“So what have I learned during my career?(那么我在职业生涯中学到了什么呢？)”以及后文“I’m not sure, but I’m nevertheless reminded of the day my mother died.(我不确定，但我想起了我母亲去世的那一天)”可知，本句与上文并列，都是在针对作者的个人经历进行设问，C选项“lesson”与前文“learned”相呼应，故C选项“我可以传递什么重要的教训？”符合语境，故选C。 4．根据上文“Most of you have no idea what life lies ahead or what course your lives will take — two other ways of saying future. I know this.(你们中的大多数人都不知道前方的生活是怎样的，也不知道你们的生活将走向何方——这是未来的另外两种说法。我知道这个)”以及后文“We may not need a weatherman to know which way the wind blows, but it can’t hurt to carry an umbrella. As I once said, “Tomorrow is a gift wrapped in time. Now is the time to open it!”(我们可能不需要天气预报员来知道风往哪个方向吹，但带把伞总无妨。正如我曾经说过的，“明天是包裹在时间里的礼物。”现在是时候打开它了！”)”可知，前文说很多人不知道未来的生活是什么样的，后文说要随时准备应对，A选项“twists and turns”与后文提到的要带伞（应对未知的变化）相呼应，故A选项“你即将开始的旅程将充满曲折”符合语境，故选A。 Passage 3 （24-25高一下·上海·月考）Do you have braces (牙箍)? If not, chances are that you know someone who does. Even if you don’t have braces right now, you might need them one day. Different kids feel different ways about braces. Some can’t wait to get them because they think they’re neat and know that they’ll improve their smile. 1 Many are also concerned they may be uncomfortable. It’s okay to have these worries, but kids who get braces often find they had no reason to be concerned. Braces are just tools that special dentists — called orthodontists — use to correct the arrangement and position of your teeth. 2 But braces can help straighten teeth so that they can do their job as well as possible. 3 Today, though, they’re much more advanced. The metal used to make braces nowadays is much thinner, resulting in smaller braces. Sometimes you can get braces that are clear or the same color as your teeth. They even make braces that go on the back of your teeth. With these advances, braces aren’t nearly as noticeable today as they used to be. While you have braces, it’s especially important to make sure that you take good care of your teeth. All the metal and rubber in your mouth can make it easy for food to hide in places you`d normally be able to clean easily. 4 There are special tools available that you can use to make sure your pearly whites stay pearly white! A．Not all teeth grow straight, and this is natural. B．Many kids enjoy making a fashion statement with their braces. C．Other kids worry about how braces will change how they look. D．Makes sure your teeth don’t go back to their original places. E．If you have trouble cleaning your teeth, talk to the dental specialists. F．Years ago, braces were made of thick metal that was very noticeable. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．F 4．E 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了不同孩子对牙套看法不一，如今牙箍更先进，戴牙套时要注意牙齿护理，有清洁问题可咨询专家。 1．根据上文“Different kids feel different ways about braces. Some can’t wait to get them because they think they’re neat and know that they’ll improve their smile.(不同孩子对牙套的感受各不相同。有些孩子迫不及待地想要戴上牙套，因为他们觉得牙套很美观，并且深知它能改善自己的笑容)”可知，上文提到了一些孩子对带牙套的看法，本句则是说明另一些孩子，构成句型some…other…。故C选项“另一些孩子则担心牙套会改变他们的外貌”符合语境，故选C。 2．根据后文“But braces can help straighten teeth so that they can do their job as well as possible.(但牙套可以帮助矫正牙齿，使它们能够发挥出最佳的正常功能)”可知，后文与本句构成转折，本句解释了戴牙套的原因，故A选项“并非所有牙齿都能整齐生长，这是正常的现象”符合语境，故选A。 3．根据后文“Today, though, they’re much more advanced. The metal used to make braces nowadays is much thinner, resulting in smaller braces. Sometimes you can get braces that are clear or the same color as your teeth. They even make braces that go on the back of your teeth. With these advances, braces aren’t nearly as noticeable today as they used to be.(不过如今，它们已经变得更加先进了。如今制作牙套所用的金属比过去要薄得多，因此牙套也变得更小了。有时你可以得到透明的或者与牙齿颜色相同的牙套。他们甚至还生产出可以贴在牙齿背面的牙套。由于这些技术的进步，如今的牙套不像过去那样显眼了)”可知，后文提到了如今的改变，推测本句是在说明以前的牙套特点。故F选项“多年前，牙套由厚金属制成，非常显眼”符合语境，故选F。 4．根据上文“While you have braces, it’s especially important to make sure that you take good care of your teeth. All the metal and rubber in your mouth can make it easy for food to hide in places you`d normally be able to clean easily.(既然你戴了牙套，那么就更要确保好好呵护自己的牙齿了。口腔内的金属和橡胶材质会使得食物更容易藏匿在那些原本容易清洁的地方)”以及后文“There are special tools available that you can use to make sure your pearly whites stay pearly white!(有一些专门的工具可供您使用，以确保您的牙齿始终保持洁白如玉！)”可知，前句提到牙套易使食物残留，E 选项 “如果清洁牙齿有困难，咨询牙科专家” 给出解决方案，且与后句“专门工具”呼应。故E选项“如果你难以清洁牙齿，要与牙科专家沟通”符合语境，故选E。 话题2 做人与做事 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·上海·期中）Stage Fright Imagine that you are an actor performing in a play for the first time. You have learned all your lines and you know where to walk on stage. Waiting behind the closed curtain, you can hear the audience whispering and taking their seats. Then your big moment arrives! The curtain goes up, and the crowd falls silent. All you can see is the spotlight shining down on you. 1 The inside of your mouth is dry, and your hands are wet. If you have experienced a moment like this, you know all too well what it means to have stage fright. It is one of the most common types of fear and tends to strike people when they find themselves at the center of attention. 2 People experience this fear when playing sports, giving a presentation, or even speaking in class. A person who suffers from stage fright may get sweaty hands, a dry mouth, a tight throat, or shaky knees. Stage fright is actually a form of panic, and these feelings are very real. 3 The experience differs from person to person, but the same chemical process occurs in each of us. In reaction to anxiety, our bodies produce a chemical that prepares us to either fight or run away quickly. Scientists refer to this as our bodies’ “fight or flight” reaction. As a result, we feel great energy that makes our hands sweat, our hearts race, and our knees shake. 4 Practicing your performance and following some simple tips can help calm nerves and manage the feelings caused by anxiety. First, dress comfortably and appropriately. Second, before the performance, take deep breaths and stretch to help relax your body. Third, stay away from drinks that contain caffeine. These might make your heart race even faster. Instead, try a banana! Some doctors believe that eating a banana can help calm your heart and the rest of your body. Finally, when you look into a crowd, try to focus on particular people instead of the whole group. These tips have helped many people learn to deal with their fears. A．However, there is a time when stage fright prevents you from stepping onstage. B．You don’t have to be onstage to get stage fright. C．Stage fright is part of the body’s reaction to stress. D．You try to speak your lines, but nothing seems to come out. E．With practice, we can learn how to relax while playing sports. F．The good news about stage fright is that here are ways to deal with it. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．F 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了舞台恐惧的普遍性及其生理反应，并提供了缓解恐惧的实用建议。 1．前文“The curtain goes up, and the crowd falls silent. All you can see is the spotlight shining down on you. (幕布升起，人群安静下来。你所能看到的只是聚光灯照在你身上)”描述舞台前的场景，后文“The inside of your mouth is dry, and your hands are wet. (你的嘴巴发干，手心冒汗)”描述紧张的具体生理反应，此处需补充具体表现，因此D项“You try to speak your lines, but nothing seems to come out. (你试图说出台词，但似乎什么也说不出来)”符合语境，直接体现“舞台恐惧”的典型症状——因紧张而忘词或失声，与后文语意连贯。故选D。 2．前文“It is one of the most common types of fear and tends to strike people when they find themselves at the center of attention. (这是最常见的恐惧类型之一，当人们发现自己成为众人关注的焦点时，往往就会产生这种恐惧)”指出舞台恐惧很常见，后文“People experience this fear when playing sports, giving a presentation, or even speaking in class. (人们在运动、做演讲，甚至在课堂上发言时，都会经历这种恐惧)”列举运动、演讲等非舞台场景，此处点明这种恐惧不仅限于舞台，因此B项“You don’t have to be onstage to get stage fright. (你不必在舞台上才会经历舞台恐惧)”符合语境，承上启下，后文是对其例证。故选B。 3．后文“The experience differs from person to person, but the same chemical process occurs in each of us. In reaction to anxiety, our bodies produce a chemical that prepares us to either fight or run away quickly. (每个人的体验各不相同，但我们体内发生的化学反应却是相同的。当感到焦虑时，身体会产生一种化学物质，让我们做好“战斗或逃跑”的准备)”详细描述这种恐惧的化学过程，此处位于段首，是段落主旨句，需总领段落内容，因此C项“Stage fright is part of the body’s reaction to stress. (舞台恐惧是身体对压力的反应之一)”符合语境，点明其本质。故选C。 4．后文“First, dress comfortably and appropriately. Second, before the performance, take deep breaths and stretch to help relax your body. Third, stay away from drinks that contain caffeine. (首先，着装要舒适得体。其次，在表演前做深呼吸和伸展运动来放松身体。第三，避免饮用含咖啡因的饮料)”和“Finally, when you look into a crowd, try to focus on particular people instead of the whole group. (最后，当你面对观众时，试着把注意力集中在特定的人身上，而不是整个群体)”列举缓解恐惧的具体技巧，此处需从前文的负面描述过渡到这些方法，因此F项“The good news about stage fright is that here are ways to deal with it. (关于舞台恐惧的好消息是，有方法可以应对它)”符合语境，自然引出解决方案，与后文的“some simple tips”呼应。故选F。 Passage 2 （24-25高一下·上海浦东新·期中）Telephobia While picking up the phone when it rings may feel like a natural reaction, for many young people, answering a call has become an anxiety-inducing experience. Instead of calling, younger generations are relying on texts, voice notes, and social media to communicate, avoiding the spontaneity of real-time conversation, causing more and more people to be scared of making a phone call. The phenomenon even has a name — telephobia. Stephanie Wijkstrom, CEO and Founder of the Counseling and Wellness Center of Pittsburgh, told Newsweek: “ 1 . Those who experience it often exhibit anxiety, avoidance behaviors, and sometimes physical symptoms such as an elevated heart rate or perspiration when anticipating a phone call.” In a 2024 Uswitch survey of 2, 000 U. K. adults, nearly 70 percent of those aged 18-34preferred texting over talking, with 23 percent admitting they never answer calls at all. The reluctance to pick up the phone is often linked to avoiding scam calls, but social factors also play a role. Wijkstrom explained: “In our digital age, texting and online messaging serve as our primary modes of communication, and we often feel less vulnerable and more comfortable than in a live conversation or phone call. 2 . As a result, phone calls, with their spontaneity, are perceived as overwhelming. 3 . Nottingham College in the U. K. has started running sessions to help students build their confidence on the phone. Its ‘Five Steps to Telephone Confidence’ session was developed after career advisors noticed students struggling with phone interviews. Liz Baxter, a careers advisor at the college, told Newsweek: “It is increasingly difficult to make calls these days. Companies use virtual assistants, AI, and often direct customers to websites. Teenagers find it easier to text or leave voice notes, meaning they have fewer experiences with real-time conversation and response formulation.” Thankfully, beating telephobia is possible. Wijkstrom said: “With patience and intentional practice, telephobia can be overcome. 4 . Individuals can also slowly increase their exposure to phone calls in a low-pressure situation to desensitize an anxious response. Deep breathing before a call is one method to practice mindfulness, which can help regulate the nerves and reduce stress.” A．Plus, social media contributes to the environment of curated interactions. B．Telephobia is an intense fear or discomfort of phone calls. C．Exploring and understanding the root of the fear is a help ful starting position. D．Texts allow them to think and overthink their responses, hence their preference for this. E．In some places, there are already steps to tackle the issue of telephobia in young people. F．However, phone calls are believed to convey emotions more accurately than other forms of communication. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．E 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了电话恐惧症这一现象，即许多年轻人害怕接打电话，分析了其产生的原因，并介绍了应对这一现象的措施。 1．上文“The phenomenon even has a name — telephobia. Stephanie Wijkstrom, CEO and Founder of the Counseling and Wellness Center of Pittsburgh, told Newsweek:(这种现象甚至有一个名字——电话恐惧症。匹兹堡咨询与健康中心的首席执行官兼创始人Stephanie Wijkstrom告诉《新闻周刊》：)”提到了电话恐惧症，且提到了首席执行官兼创始人告诉《新闻周刊》，空处需要给出Stephanie Wijkstrom讲话的内容，引出“电话恐惧症”的定义，与后文的症状描述形成逻辑衔接。B项“电话恐惧症是对电话的强烈恐惧或不适”直接定义了电话恐惧症，与上下文完美契合。且B项中的“Telephobia”和上文中的“telephobia”相呼应。故选B。 2．上文“Wijkstrom explained: ‘In our digital age, texting and online messaging serve as our primary modes of communication, and we often feel less vulnerable and more comfortable than in a live conversation or phone call.(Wijkstrom解释说：‘在我们的数字时代，短信和在线消息是我们主要的交流方式，与现场对话或电话相比，我们往往感觉不那么脆弱，也更自在’)”提到数字时代下，年轻人更喜欢发短信或在线消息，因为这种方式让他们感觉更安全、更舒适。空处应承接上文，说明短信交流更自在的原因，D项“短信让他们能思考并反复思考他们的回复，因此他们更喜欢这种方式”说明了短信的优势（可以反复思考回复内容），与上文的“less vulnerable and more comfortable”呼应，同时引出下文的“spontaneity is overwhelming”。故选D。 3．下文“Nottingham College in the U. K. has started running sessions to help students build their confidence on the phone.(英国诺丁汉学院已经开始举办课程，帮助学生建立打电话的信心)”提到英国诺丁汉学院开设课程帮助学生建立电话信心，说明本段主要介绍应对电话恐惧症的措施，空处为本段小标题，应概括本段内容。E项“在一些地方，已经有措施来解决年轻人的电话恐惧症问题”符合语境，E项中的“steps to tackle the issue of telephobia”和下文中的“running sessions to help students build their confidence on the phone”相呼应。故选E。 4．上文“With patience and intentional practice, telephobia can be overcome.(只要有耐心和有意识的练习，电话恐惧症是可以克服的)”说明电话恐惧症可以克服，空处应承接上文，说明克服电话恐惧症的方法。C项“探索和理解恐惧的根源是一个有用的起点”指出“探索恐惧根源是起点”，且C项中的“Exploring and understanding the root of the fear”和上文中的“telephobia can be overcome”相呼应，且为克服电话恐惧症的具体方法。故选C。 Passage 3 （24-25高一下·上海长宁·月考）Learning to Choose, to Let Go, and to Embrace Regrets for Growth In the journey of life, we often find ourselves at a crossroads, faced with the challenging task of choosing one path over another. However, the art of making wise choices often requires us to let go of certain desires and dreams. Embracing this duality — choosing and releasing — is essential for personal growth and fulfillment. Life, much like a video game, presents us with countless options and decisions. 1 . Our time and energy are limited, and we must focus on what truly matters. Choosing, at its core, reflects our values and aspirations. It demands self-awareness and a clear understanding of our goals. For instance, consider a high school student torn between pursuing a passion for music and excelling in core academic subjects to se cure a better college future. 2 . However, making wise choices also involves recognizing the need to let go. This means acknowledging desires or dreams that may no longer align with our well-being or are beyond our control. Letting go might mean stepping away from a cherished hobby, distancing ourselves from a social circle that no longer supports us, or releasing a long-held dream that has outlived its purpose. It’s not about achieving perfection but about prioritizing what truly matters and managing our resources wisely. 3 . They serve as persistent reminders of past mistakes or unfulfilled aspirations. The student might regret not dedicating enough time to certain subjects or missing out on valuable experiences due to overcommitment. Yet, when faced head-on, these regrets can become powerful teachers, offering lessons that shape our future decisions. This process of choosing, letting go, and learning from regrets helps us evolve and mature. It transforms life’s challenges into valuable wisdom, guiding us toward a more purposeful and fulfilling journey. Now, if you’re a student sitting an exam and suddenly realize time is slipping away, take a deep breath and smile. Remember, this exam is just another opportunity to practice the art of decision-making. If you can’t answer every question, it’s okay to let some go. 4 . After all, the best players in life know when to level up and move on to the next challenge with grace and resilience. A．But in the game world, not only can we easily bypass tough situations with simple cheats, but we can also start over afresh without any real-world consequences holding us back. B．such a decision is fraught with complexity, requiring careful consideration of personal interests, long-term ambitions, and the inevitable trade-offs involved. C．Regrets, though painful, are an inevitable part of life. D．Instead of looking back on the past, we should always keep our eyes on the future and strive for greater achievements. E．Focus on what you know and make the most of the time you have. F．Yet, unlike a game where shortcuts or tricks might help us overcome obstacles, real life offers no such luxuries. 【答案】1．F 2．B 3．C 4．E 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，论述了在人生旅程中，学会选择、放手以及接受遗憾对于个人成长的重要性。 1．根据上文“Life, much like a video game, presents us with countless options and decisions.(生活就像电子游戏，给我们提供了无数的选择和决定)”以及下文“Our time and energy are limited, and we must focus on what truly matters.(我们的时间和精力是有限的，我们必须专注于真正重要的事情)”可知电子游戏给我们提供了无数的选择和决定，但是我们的时间和精力是有限的，我们必须专注于真正重要的事情，可推理出这里是在将生活与游戏进行对比，强调生活不像游戏有捷径可走，与F项“Yet, unlike a game where shortcuts or tricks might help us overcome obstacles, real life offers no such luxuries.(然而，不像游戏中捷径或技巧可能帮助我们克服障碍，现实生活没有这样的优待)”表达的含义一致，故选F项。 2．根据上文“For instance, consider a high school student torn between pursuing a passion for music and excelling in core academic subjects to se cure a better college future.( 例如，考虑一个高中生，他在追求音乐热情和在核心学术科目上取得优异成绩以获得更好的大学未来之间犹豫不决)”可知上文说的是一个高中生要在追求音乐热情和在核心学术科目上取得优异成绩以获得更好的大学未来之间进行选择，这种选择涉及到个人利益以及长期抱负，可推理出此处说的是这种决定是复杂的，需要权衡很多因素，与B项“such a decision is fraught with complexity, requiring careful consideration of personal interests, long - term ambitions, and the inevitable trade - offs involved.(这样的决定充满了复杂性，需要仔细考虑个人利益、长期抱负以及所涉及的不可避免的权衡)”表达的意思一致，故选B项。 3．根据下文“They serve as persistent reminders of past mistakes or unfulfilled aspirations.(它们不断提醒着过去的错误或未实现的抱负。)”可知下文提到了提醒着过去的错误或未实现的抱负，可推理出这里在说有关后悔的话题，与C项“Regrets, though painful, are an inevitable part of life.(后悔，虽然痛苦，但却是生活中不可避免的一部分)”表达的含义一致，故选C项。 4．根据上文“Now, if you’re a student sitting an exam and suddenly realize time is slipping away, take a deep breath and smile. Remember, this exam is just another opportunity to practice the art of decision-making. If you can’t answer every question, it’s okay to let some go(现在，如果你是一名正在参加考试的学生，突然意识到时间在流逝，那就深吸一口气，微笑一下。记住，这次考试只是另一个练习决策艺术的机会。如果你不能回答每一个问题，放弃一些是可以的)”提到了考试中时间不够、可以放弃一些问题的情况。E 选项“Focus on what you know and make the most of the time you have(专注于你知道的内容，并充分利用你所拥有的时间)”给出了在这种情况下应该采取的积极做法，与上文衔接紧密，故选E项。 话题3 文学、艺术与体育 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·上海静安·期中）What I Think of Boxing as a Sport Boxing is a popular sport. Newspapers, magazines and sports programmes on TV frequently cover boxing matches. It could be the toughest of all sports to survive. It takes boxers hours in the gym and years to develop the specific characteristics needed to be a great boxer. 1 It seems to me that some people, especially men, find it appealing because it is an aggressive sport. When they watch a boxing match, they can identify with the winning boxer. This gives them the feeling of being a winner themselves. 2 They do that because the boxer comes from their own country, and if “their” boxer loses, they often feel as if they have lost a fight themselves. It is a fact that many people have feelings of aggression from time to time, but they cannot show their aggression in their everyday lives. Watching a boxing match gives them a way of expressing it. 3 Although boxers wear gloves during the fights, and amateur boxers even have to wear helmets, a kind of strong hard hat, there have frequently been accidents in both professional and amateur boxing, sometimes with dramatic consequences. Boxers have suffered from head injuries, and occasionally, fighters have even been killed as a result of being knocked out in the ring. Besides, studies have shown that there are often long-term effects of boxing. They are usually in the form of serious brain damage, even if a boxer has never been knocked out. To conclude, I am personally not at all in favor of aggressive sports like boxing. 4 . We can celebrate more men and women from non-aggressive sports as our heroes in our society. I believe that the world is aggressive enough already! Of course, people like competitive sports, and so do I, but I think that hitting other people in an aggressive way is not something that should be regarded as a sport. A．However, boxing can be a very dangerous sport. B．Sometimes fans are supporting a particular boxer. C．In boxing, fighters are required to hit a moving target. D．Many fans are drawn to the sport because they love the competition. E．Perhaps that is the reason why successful boxers are treated as big heroes. F．I think it would be better if less time was given to aggressive sports on TV. 【答案】1．E 2．B 3．A 4．F 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了拳击作为一项运动的吸引力及其危险性，作者表达了对这种攻击性运动的不支持态度，并提倡减少电视上的相关节目时间，推崇非攻击性运动英雄。 1．上文“It takes boxers hours in the gym and years to develop the specific characteristics needed to be a great boxer. (拳击手需要在健身房花费数小时的时间，并且要历经数年才能培养出成为一名伟大拳击手所需要的特定特质)”描述了拳击手要成为优秀选手所付出的巨大努力和漫长过程，突出了成为优秀拳击手的不易，空处承接上文，E选项“Perhaps that is the reason why successful boxers are treated as big heroes. (也许这就是为什么成功的拳击手被视为大英雄的原因)”中“that”指代上文提到的成为优秀拳击手的不易，成功的拳击手因为付出了很多努力所以被视为英雄，与上文衔接紧密，符合语境。故选E。 2．上文“When they watch a boxing match, they can identify with the winning boxer. This gives them the feeling of being a winner themselves. (当他们观看拳击比赛时，他们会认同获胜的拳击手。这会让他们感觉自己就是赢家)”提到观众会因认同获胜拳击手而有自己是赢家的感觉，及下文“They do that because the boxer comes from their own country, and if “their” boxer loses, they often feel as if they have lost a fight themselves. (他们这么做是因为拳击手来自他们自己的国家，而且如果“他们的”拳击手输了，他们常常会觉得仿佛自己也输掉了一场战斗)”具体阐述了他们支持特定拳击手的原因。空处承上启下，B选项“Sometimes fans are supporting a particular boxer. (有时粉丝们会支持某个特定的拳击手)”中“fans”与上文中的“they”相呼应，“supporting a particular boxer”引出下文对支持特定拳击手原因的解释，起到了很好的过渡作用。故选B。 3．下文“Although boxers wear gloves during the fights, and amateur boxers even have to wear helmets, a kind of strong hard hat, there have frequently been accidents in both professional and amateur boxing, sometimes with dramatic consequences. (尽管拳击手在比赛中会戴上手套，业余拳击手甚至必须佩戴头盔这种坚固的硬质帽子，但在职业和业余拳击中仍然经常发生意外，有时后果十分严重)” 提到拳击比赛中拳击手可能遭遇的各种危险情况，空处需引出下文关于拳击危险性的内容，A选项“However, boxing can be a very dangerous sport. (然而，拳击可能是一项非常危险的运动)”中“dangerous”与下文的“accidents”和“dramatic consequences”等相呼应，自然地引出了下文对拳击运动负面因素的讨论。故选A。 4．上文“To conclude, I am personally not at all in favor of aggressive sports like boxing. (总之，我个人一点也不喜欢像拳击这样的攻击性运动)”表明了作者对拳击这类攻击性运动的不喜欢，下文“We can celebrate more men and women from non-aggressive sports as our heroes in our society. (我们可以在社会中把更多来自非攻击性运动的男女当作英雄来庆祝)”提出了对非攻击性运动的倡导，空处承上启下，F选项“I think it would be better if less time was given to aggressive sports on TV. (我认为如果电视上少花些时间在攻击性运动上会更好)”中的“less time was given to aggressive sports on TV”与上文作者不喜欢攻击性运动的态度相呼应，同时引出下文对关注非攻击性运动的倡导，进一步阐述了作者对于攻击性运动在社会中呈现方式的看法，使上下文逻辑连贯，符合语境。故选F。 Passage 2 （24-25高一下·上海崇明·期中）Exercise for a Better Brain Most of the time, your brain is the boss of your muscles — directing how you hit a ball, play the piano, or open a cereal box. 1 When you’re active, they send chemical signals telling your brain, “Hey, it’s time to grow!” Recent research suggests physical activity has multiple brain benefits, encouraging the birth and growth of new brain cells that supply oxygen and blood sugar to brain cells. In a 2016 National Institute on Aging study, people who ran on a treadmill for 45 minutes three days a week boosted their levels of brain-derived neurotrophic (神经营养的) factor, a chemical that acts like fertilizer for new brain cells. 2 Without exercise, Suzuki says, “little baby neurons don’t get bigger and make thousands of new connections to other brain cells. With exercise, you get fully functioning adult brain cells.” Studies suggest that in younger adults, this can add to the overall number of cells in the hippocampus (海马体). 3 It’s a good deal. “There’s evidence these new brain cells are very active,” she says. “They’re excitable, like teenagers. They get involved in more memory circuits than older cells do. You get more connections.’ 4 If you’re inactive, a stroll around the block may be all it takes to encourage neuroplasticity, she says. And every bit counts. In a 2019 Boston University study of 2354 adults in their 40s through 60s, sedentary people who boosted their daily walking by 7500 steps or more had bigger brains than those who didn’t exercise equivalent to 1.4 to 2.2 fewer years of brain aging, the more light activity study participants logged, such as doing housework, shopping, gardening, or walking the dog, the greater the overall size of their brains. A．And once age-related brain changes begin, starting in our 30s, exercise helps keep brain cells alive longer and replaces old cells with new ones. B．Tips have been offered as to how to do exercise. C．After four months of workouts, their scores improved on a memory test. D．Besides, studies also suggest that dying cells and brain wastes can be cleared with enough exercise on a regular basis. E．But when it comes to growing new brain cells, more and more research shows that when you exercise, your muscles take charge. F．Again, a little goes a long way. 【答案】1．E 2．C 3．A 4．F 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了运动对大脑的益处，如促进新脑细胞的生长、提高记忆力、延缓大脑衰老等，还指出少量运动也有很大作用。 1．上文“Most of the time, your brain is the boss of your muscles — directing how you hit a ball, play the piano, or open a cereal box. (大多数时候，你的大脑是肌肉的“老板”——指挥你如何击球、弹钢琴或打开麦片盒) ”说明大脑对肌肉的支配作用。E选项“But when it comes to growing new brain cells, more and more research shows that when you exercise, your muscles take charge. (但当涉及到生长新的脑细胞时，越来越多的研究表明，当你运动时，你的肌肉起主导作用)”与上文形成转折，引出下文关于运动时肌肉对大脑细胞生长的影响，上下文语意衔接自然。故选E项。 2．上文“In a 2016 National Institute on Aging study, people who ran on a treadmill for 45 minutes three days a week boosted their levels of brain-derived neurotrophic (神经营养的) factor, a chemical that acts like fertilizer for new brain cells. (在2016年国家老龄问题研究所的一项研究中，那些每周三天在跑步机上跑45分钟的人提高了他们大脑衍生神经营养因子的水平，这种化学物质就像新脑细胞的肥料)”说明运动对大脑神经营养因子的积极影响。C选项“After four months of workouts, their scores improved on a memory test.(经过四个月的锻炼，他们在记忆力测试中的分数提高了) ”进一步说明了运动带来的好处，即提高记忆力，与上文的研究结果相呼应。故选C项。 3．上文“Studies suggest that in younger adults, this can add to the overall number of cells in the hippocampus (海马体).(研究表明，在年轻人中，这可以增加海马体中的细胞总数)”说明运动对年轻人海马体细胞数量的积极影响。A选项“And once age related brain changes begin, starting in our 30s, exercise helps keep brain cells alive longer and replaces old cells with new ones.(一旦与年龄相关的大脑变化在我们30多岁开始出现，运动有助于让脑细胞存活更长时间，并用新细胞取代旧细胞)”则说明了运动在年龄增长过程中对大脑细胞的作用，与上文关于运动对年轻人大脑细胞的影响构成递进关系。故选A项。 4．下文“If you’re inactive, a stroll around the block may be all it takes to encourage neuroplasticity, she says. And every bit counts. (她说，如果你不活跃，在街区周围散散步可能就足以促进神经可塑性。每一点运动都很重要) ”说明少量运动也有很大作用。F选项“Again, a little goes a long way.(同样，少量的运动也能产生很大的效果) ”能够概括下文的内容，引出下文关于少量运动益处的说明。故选F项。 Passage 3 （24-25高一下·上海·期中）Chinese veteran filmmaker Zhang Yimou’s recent comment during an interview about urging audiences to step into cinemas rather than watching three-minute video summaries on their phones has garnered widespread attention on social media. Film critics remarked that finding the right balance between short videos and traditional cinema is crucial. In a recent interview with Xinhua News Agency, renowned director Zhang Yimou expressed his disappointment: “ 1 it’s best not to watch a movie on your phone, and certainly not through a three-minute synopsis. It’s truly disheartening, as a director, to see this.” Zhang’s comment garnered widespread discussion on Sina Weibo on Tuesday, with some netizens agreeing and highlighting the superior experience of watching a film in a theater, while others pushed back, arguing that when the quality of a film falls short, going to the cinema becomes a waste of money and time. Meanwhile, some viewers believe short video summaries serve as a mere primer for them — like an appetizer for the main course, sparking an interest to watch the full film in the theater. “The real issue now is that young people are detached. We need to attract them. 2 The key is knowing where to draw the line,” Tan Fei, a renowned movie critic and film producer, said on Wednesday. From Zhang’s calls to action to audience responses, it’s clear that industry professionals must acknowledge the current challenges and the demands of moviegoers. 3 Beyond short videos, online gaming, livestreams, vertical dramas, and virtual reality travel experiences are all vying for attention, stealing audiences away from the big screen. “The film industry is in a major crisis, not just domestically but globally,” Tan reflected. “I’ve been following the comments around Zhang’s interview, and it serves as a wake-up call for film professionals. The industry must embrace young people, embrace short videos — this wave is unstoppable. The key is to face it with a positive mindset.” 4 This shift isn’t just about technology or trends, but about a fundamental change in how people connect with media. A．As a filmmaker, I still hope that viewers will come to the cinema. B．Today, audience habits and consumption patterns have changed radically. C．Of course, the entry of short videos into the film ecosystem must come with some regulation. D．Sometimes, these summaries do draw in a crowd, but it’s a challenge to strike a perfect balance. E．The film industry is facing the inevitable competition from the onslaught of various forms of entertainment. F．It is only through great films that they can win back audiences and bring them back into theaters, before movies become nothing more than fleeting three-minute summaries. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．E 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章围绕张艺谋呼吁观众进影院而非看三分钟视频总结一事展开讨论，指出电影行业面临多种娱乐形式竞争，需平衡短视频与传统影院的关系。 1．上文“In a recent interview with Xinhua News Agency, renowned director Zhang Yimou expressed his disappointment(在最近接受新华社采访时，著名导演张艺谋表达了他的失望)”表明张艺谋对观众看短视频而非进影院的不满，A选项“As a filmmaker, I still hope that viewers will come to the cinema.(作为一名电影制作人，我仍然希望观众能走进电影院)”符合他的态度，进一步说明他的期望，作为直接引语，句中“I”与上文“director Zhang Yimou”相照应。故选A项。 2．上文“The real issue now is that young people are detached. We need to attract them.(现在真正的问题是年轻人的冷漠。我们需要吸引他们)”提出电影要找到吸引年青人的方式，D选项“Sometimes, these summaries do draw in a crowd, but it’s a challenge to strike a perfect balance.(有时，这些讲解短视频确实能吸引人群，但要达到完美的平衡是一个挑战)”给出方法，同时引出达到“平衡”这一观点，与下文“where to draw the line(在什么地方设定界线)”相照应，与上文逻辑连贯。故选D项。 3．下文“Beyond short videos, online gaming, livestreams, vertical dramas, and virtual reality travel experiences are all vying for attention, stealing audiences away from the big screen.(除了短视频，在线游戏、直播、竖屏剧和虚拟现实旅游体验都在争夺注意力，把观众从大银幕上吸引走)”列举了多种抢夺电影观众的娱乐形式，E选项“The film industry is facing the inevitable competition from the onslaught of various forms of entertainment.(电影行业正面临着来自各种娱乐形式冲击的不可避免的竞争)”概括了电影行业面临的竞争情况，引出下文。故选E项。 4．下文“This shift isn’t just about technology or trends, but about a fundamental change in how people connect with media.(这种转变不仅仅关乎技术或趋势，还关乎人们与媒体互动方式的根本变化)”强调了人们与媒体互动方式的变化，B选项“Today, audience habits and consumption patterns have changed radically.(如今，观众的习惯和消费模式已经发生了根本性的变化)”点明了这种变化，与下文逻辑一致。故选B项。 话题4 历史、社会与文化 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·上海·期末）“When I was a kid, we were out and about all the time, playing with our friends, in and out of each other’s houses, sandwich in pocket, making our own entertainment. Our parents hardly saw us from morning to night.” This is roughly what you will hear if you ask anyone over 30 about their childhood in a rich country. Today such children will spend most of their time indoors, be driven everywhere rather than walk or cycle, take part in many more organised activities. 1 Parents want to protect their offspring from traffic, crime and other dangers in what they see as a more dangerous world, and to give them every opportunity to flourish. 2 They range from broad social and demographic (人口的) trends such as urbanisation, changes in family structure and the large-scale move of women into the labour force to the march of digital technology. Start with the physical environment in which children are growing up. In rich countries the overwhelming majority now lead urban lives. Almost 80% of people live in cities, which have many advantages, including better opportunities for work, education, culture and leisure. But these often come at a cost: expensive housing, overcrowding, lack of green space, heavy traffic, high air pollution and a sense of living among strangers rather than in a close-knit community. This has caused a perception of growing danger, even though statistically the average child is actually safer. 3 Families have become smaller, and women bear children far later than they did only a couple of generations ago. Households with just one child have become commonplace in Europe and the more prosperous parts of Asia, including China. That means each child has more time, money and energy invested in it, but misses out on the hustle and bustle of a larger household. At the same time the number of women going out to work has risen steeply. The post-second-world-war model of the nuclear family with a breadwinner husband, a homemaker wife and several children has become atypical. Mothers now mostly return to work within a year or so of giving birth, not five or ten years later. In the absence of a handy grandmother, the child, even at a young age, will probably be looked after outside the home during the working week. 4 Not long ago children used to anger their parents by declaring they were bored, but now “being bored is something that never has to be tolerated for a moment”, writes Sherry Turkle of MIT, an expert on digital culture. In rich countries the vast majority of 15-year-olds have their own smartphone and spend several hours a day online. There are growing concerns that overuse might lead to addiction and mental illness, and that spending too much time sitting still in front of a screen will stop them from exercising and make them fat. A．All this is done with the best of intentions. B．Even more important, the domestic environment for most children has changed greatly. C．The first few years of a child’s life are now receiving more attention as new evidence has emerged about its vital importance in the development of the brain. D．The effect of a number of screen-based devices on children cannot be overlooked. E．And indeed in many ways children are better off than they were a generation or two ago. F．This article will explain the factors that have led to these significant changes in childhood in western countries, as well as in China. 【答案】1．A 2．F 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了与过去的孩子相比，现在的孩子更多的时间待在室内，很少会参加有风险的活动，并介绍了导致这一现象的原因。 1．根据上文“Today such children will spend most of their time indoors, be driven everywhere rather than walk or cycle, take part in many more organised activities. (如今，这些孩子将大部分时间待在室内，坐车去任何地方，而不是步行或骑自行车，参加更多有组织的活动。)”可知，上文告诉我们现在的孩子将大部分时间待在室内，很少会参加有风险的活动，A项意为“所有这一切都是出于最好的意图。”，选项能够承接上文，孩子很少会参加有风险的活动，所有这一切都是出于最好的意图，且能引起下文，下文介绍了家长这样做的意图是什么。故选A。 2．根据下文“They range from broad social and demographic (人口的) trends such as urbanisation, changes in family structure and the large-scale move of women into the labour force to the march of digital technology. (它们涵盖了广泛的社会和人口趋势，如城市化、家庭结构的变化和女性大规模进入劳动力市场，以及数字技术的进步。)”可知，下文告诉我们儿童发生这些重大变化的原因是什么，F项意为“本文将解释导致西方国家和中国儿童发生这些重大变化的因素。”，选项能够引起下文，下文中的“They”代指选项中的“factors”。故选F。 3．根据下文“Families have become smaller, and women bear children far later than they did only a couple of generations ago. (家庭变得越来越小，女性生育孩子的时间比几代人前晚得多。)”可知，下文告诉我们现代孩子的家庭环境发生了很大变化，B项意为“更重要的是，大多数孩子的家庭环境发生了很大变化。”，选项能够引起下文，下文具体介绍了发生了什么变化及产生了什么影响。故选B。 4．根据下文“In rich countries the vast majority of 15-year-olds have their own smartphone and spend several hours a day online. (在富裕国家，绝大多数15岁的人都有自己的智能手机，每天花几个小时上网。)”可知，下文告诉我们智能手机等设备对孩子产生了很大影响，D项意为“许多基于屏幕的设备对儿童的影响不容忽视。”，选项能够引起下文，下文具体介绍了孩子使用这些设备的情况及造成的影响。故选D。 Passage 2 （24-25高一下·上海·期中）Daphne du Maurier Daphne du Maurier was born into a famous London theatrical family, but lived in Cornwall for most of her life, in a large romantic house near the sea called Menabilly. Although she never owned it, she loved living there and it was where she raised her family. There can be no doubt that Menabilly and its surroundings inspired several of her novels and short stories. Du Maurier enjoyed early success as a writer and continued to have a wide readership throughout her career, with bestsellers such as Jamaica Inn, The House on the Strand and, of course, Rebecca. 1 He also adapted her short story The Birds, choosing to set it in northern California rather than in its originally wild Cornish location. Apparently, Daphne du Maurier hated this adaption. Before writing her collection of short stories The Apple Tree, to which The Birds belonged, du Maurier had been known for her romantic fiction. She had made her mark in particular with historical novels such as Frenchman’s Creek and Jamaica Inn. However, The Birds was not inspired by the past. 2 Arguably, it was the starting point for an entire genre (文体) devoted to narratives about natural disaster. Nature in du Maurier’s stories rarely has a favourable effect on humans, other than in the coming-of-age story called The Pool. This beautiful tale takes place in the middle of summer in the English countryside. By a woodland pool, a girl finds a ‘secret world’— a strange underwater place with fantastic beings. 3 This is nature as it is experienced by a child: magical, enchanting and unreal. With the end of childhood, her secret world is out of reach forever. Daphne du Maurier wrote exciting stories and was highly skilled at creating suspense. 4 Indeed; her lifetime she published more than three dozen works of fiction, history, and biography. A new edition of Don’t Look Now and Other Stories has been published by the Folio Society. A．It seemed instead to look ahead to major environmental disasters in the near future. B．He decides to get rid of it once and for all. C．Alfred Hitchcock turned this wonderful tale into a memorable film of the same name. D．Not only this, she was also a writer of fearless originality. E．While the title story lacks the tension of The Birds, there are similarities in the treatment of nature. F．What follows in the story reveals the truth of each character’s nature. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．E 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇人物传记。文章主要围绕Daphne du Maurier展开，介绍了她的生平背景、居住环境、创作生涯、代表作品以及作品特点等内容。 1．根据空后“He also adapted her short story The Birds, choosing to set it in northern California rather than in its originally wild Cornish location. (他还改编了她的短篇小说《群鸟》，选择将故事背景设定在加利福尼亚北部，而不是原本故事中荒凉的康沃尔地区。)”可知，这里提到了有人将她的小说《群鸟》改编成其他形式。选项C“Alfred Hitchcock turned this wonderful tale into a memorable film of the same name. (阿尔弗雷德・希区柯克将这个精彩的故事改编成了一部令人难忘的同名电影。)”提到阿尔弗雷德・希区柯克将这个精彩的故事改编成了同名电影，与后文衔接紧密，且“He”指代阿尔弗雷德・希区柯克。故选C。 2．根据上文“However, The Birds was not inspired by the past. (然而，《群鸟》的灵感并非来自过去。)”可知，《群鸟》的灵感并非来自过去。选项A“It seemed instead to look ahead to major environmental disasters in the near future. (相反，它似乎展望了不久的将来会发生的重大环境灾难。)”与上文形成转折，指出其灵感并非来自过去，而是展望了不久的将来会发生的重大环境灾难，符合逻辑，且自然引出下文“Arguably, it was the starting point for an entire genre(文体)devoted to narratives about natural disaster. (可以说，它是整个致力于讲述自然灾害故事的文学体裁的起点。)”。故选A。 3．根据上文“This beautiful tale takes place in the middle of summer in the English countryside. By a woodland pool, a girl finds a ‘secret world’— a strange underwater place with fantastic beings. (这个美丽的故事发生在盛夏时节的英国乡村。在树林边的一个池塘旁，一个女孩发现了一个“秘密世界——一个充满奇幻生物的奇异水下世界。)”可知，上文提到了《池塘》这个故事中女孩发现的秘密世界。而空后“This is nature as it is experienced by a child: magical, enchanting and unreal. (这就是一个孩子所体验到的自然：神奇、迷人且虚幻。)”对这个故事中的自然进行了描述。选项E“While the title story lacks the tension of The Birds, there are similarities in the treatment of nature. (虽然标题故事《池塘》缺乏《鸟》的紧张感，但在对自然的处理上有相似之处。)”既承接了上文对《池塘》的描述，又与《鸟》进行了对比。故选E。 4．根据上文“Daphne du Maurier wrote exciting stories and was highly skilled at creating suspense. (达夫妮・杜穆里埃写出了精彩刺激的故事，并且非常擅长营造悬念。)”可知，达夫妮・杜穆里埃写的故事精彩且擅长制造悬念。选项D“Not only this, she was also a writer of fearless originality. (不仅如此，她还是一位极具无畏创新精神的作家。)”进一步说明她不仅如此，还是一位具有无畏原创精神的作家，与前文构成递进关系，且与后文她一生出版了很多作品相呼应。故选D。 Passage 3 （24-25高一下·上海嘉定·期中）In 2009, the number of hungry people in the world reached one billion for the first time. It’s difficult not to be shocked by the fact that more than one in seven people in the world do not have enough to eat. 1 Hunger kills more people per year than disease such as AIDS, malaria and TB (肺结核) combined. The UN estimates that almost two thirds of the world’s hungry people are in Asia, which is of course the world’s most populous continent. 2 Although this region has a much lower population than Asia, it has the highest percentage of hungry people. Almost all of the rest are in Latin America and the Caribbean. In the richest regions of the world there are only a tiny number of people who don’t have enough to eat. 3 They include wars, droughts, floods and the over-use of farming land. All these factors affect food production. Many people also blame greedy businessman for pushing up the prices of basic foods in the global market. But the most important reason, quite simply, is poverty, which has increased recently due to the financial crisis of 2008. Although many people make the obvious point that there would be less hunger if the global population were smaller, few people would argue that there is not enough food to go around. The basic problem seems to be not a lack of food, but its distribution. There are many areas of the world in which people generally have more than enough food. 4 The answer to world hunger, therefore, may be a balanced food distribution around the whole world. Everyone will have enough to eat, but not overeat. A．More than a quarter are in sub-Saharan Africa. B．There are many reasons for world hunger. C．It takes the effort of every country to fight against world hunger. D．In those places, obesity is a far bigger problem than hunger. E．Those places need far more food than they actually get. F．By the end of this year, more than 35 million people will have died as a result of not having enough to eat. 【答案】1．F 2．A 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过详细的数据和分析，揭示了全球饥饿问题的严重性、分布情况、成因以及可能的解决办法。 1．根据空格前“In 2009, the number of hungry people in the world reached one billion for the first time. It’s difficult not to be shocked by the fact that more than one in seven people in the world do not have enough to eat.(2009年，全球饥饿人口首次达到10亿。世界上超过七分之一的人没有足够的食物，这一事实很难不让人感到震惊。)”可知，空格处的句子应该接着说食物不足造成的后果。所以，F项“By the end of this year, more than 35 million people will have died as a result of not having enough to eat.(到今年年底，将有超过3500万人因食物不足而死亡。)”填入空格处，符合语境，且与下文的句子“Hunger kills more people per year than disease such as AIDS, malaria and TB combined.(饥饿每年导致的死亡人数超过艾滋病、疟疾和肺结核的总和。)”是顺接关系。故选F项。 2．根据空格前的句子“The UN estimates that almost two thirds of the world’s hungry people are in Asia, which is of course the world’s most populous continent.(联合国估计，世界上近三分之二的饥饿人口在亚洲，亚洲当然是世界上人口最多的大陆。)”和空格后的“Although this region has a much lower population than Asia, it has the highest percentage of hungry people.(虽然这个地区的人口比亚洲少得多，但它的饥饿人口比例却是最高的。)”可知，此处需补充另一个饥饿人口集中的地区。A项“More than a quarter are in sub-Saharan Africa.(超过四分之一在撒哈拉以南的非洲。)”填入空格处，符合语境，补充说明了饥饿人口的分布情况。故选A项。 3．空格处是该部分的主题句。根据下文的内容“They include wars, droughts, floods and the over-use of farming land. All these factors affect food production. Many people also blame greedy businessman for pushing up the prices of basic foods in the global market. But the most important reason, quite simply, is poverty, which has increased recently due to the financial crisis of 2008.(它们包括战争、干旱、洪水和耕地的过度使用。所有这些因素都会影响粮食生产。许多人还指责贪婪的商人推高了全球市场上基本食品的价格。但最重要的原因，很简单，是贫困，由于2008年的金融危机，贫困最近有所增加。)”可知，该部分主要讲述的是导致世界饥饿的原因。B项“There are many reasons for world hunger.(世界饥饿有许多原因。)”填入空格处，符合语境，引出了后文对具体原因的列举。故选B项。 4．根据空格前的句子“There are many areas of the world in which people generally have more than enough food.(世界上有许多地区的民众通常拥有远超过实际所需的食物供应。)”可知，空格处的句子应该是对这些地区食物过剩情况的进一步说明。D项“In those places, obesity is a far bigger problem than hunger.(在那些地方，肥胖是一个比饥饿更大的问题。)”填入空格处，符合语境，说明了这些地区食物过剩导致的问题。故选D项。 话题5 科学与技术 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·上海·期末）Why People Feel “Tired but Wired” after Little Sleep? A full night’s rest is key to waking up alert and energized for the day. But many report feeling weirdly wired — and paradoxically (矛盾地) more productive — despite snoozing for three to four hours instead of the seven to nine hours most experts recommend for adults. But sleep scientists say the energy jolt some people claim to experience after acute sleep deprivation stems from a natural but fleeting sense of alertness that the brain uses to temporarily cope with insufficient rest. “ 1 ,” says Jamie Zeitzer, a sleep medicine researcher at Stanford Medicine. “Physiologically speaking, that’s not happening. They’re not actually more alert.” When the brain senses sleep disruption, it protectively acts as if something might be very wrong, and survival instincts kick in. The body produces a physiological reaction to keep the brain alert and energized, explains Ben Simon, a neuroscientist and sleep researcher at the University of California, Berkeley. The network of our nervous system produces the fight-or-flight response, which uses stored energy to react against approaching predators. A single night of sleep deprivation is a stressor, which acts via the central nervous system to activate the stress response network between the brain and the adrenal glands (肾上腺). The adrenal glands then secrete the wakefulness-promoting hormones — cortisol (皮质醇) and adrenaline. 2 “That level of energy people might feel after a short sleep might actually be the stress response the body and brain are provoking to fight off sleep loss,” Ben Simon says. 3 The energy boost from the sympathetic nervous system is temporary, and it does not mean people’s brains are fully functional, however. Ben Simon says sleep loss experiments show people’s memory and attention are immediately impaired after a single night of sleep deprivation. 4 There is no shortcut to being ready to seize the day — not when sleep is already the greatest life hack. As Ben Simon puts it, “It took Mother Nature millions of years to perfect sleep — to give us optimal performance and mental health.” A．This in turn prompts the liver to release sugar as an immediate energy supply during the fight-or-flight response. B．The bottom line remains unchanged: You can’t cheat sleep. C．I can’t deny that, subjectively, people are feeling kind of wired. D．Some people mistakenly believe their heightened alertness reflects improved cognitive abilities. E．While caffeine may temporarily keep you awake, it cannot replace actual restorative sleep. F．Zeitzer adds that the rise in cortisol from insufficient sleep is only a small bump, just enough to hide fatigue for a few hours after waking. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．F 4．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要解释了为什么睡眠不足但异常亢奋的原因 1．与下文“Physiologically speaking, that’s not happening. They’re not actually more alert.(从生理上讲，这并没有发生。他们实际上并没有变得更加警觉)”形成对比，C选项“我不能否认，主观上，人们感觉有点亢奋。”为Jamie Zeitzer的引语前半部分，承认了上文“But sleep scientists say the energy jolt some people claim to experience after acute sleep deprivation stems from a natural but fleeting sense of alertness that the brain uses to temporarily cope with insufficient rest.(但睡眠科学家表示，一些人声称在急性睡眠剥夺后经历的能量冲击源于大脑用来暂时应对休息不足的一种自然但短暂的警觉性)”人们主观上感觉“兴奋”这一现象，又与下文否认生理上的警觉提升形成对比，强调主观感受与生理现实矛盾。故选C项。 2．由上文“The network of our nervous system produces the fight-or-flight response, which uses stored energy to react against approaching predators. A single night of sleep deprivation is a stressor, which acts via the central nervous system to activate the stress response network between the brain and the adrenal glands (肾上腺). The adrenal glands then secrete the wakefulness-promoting hormones — cortisol (皮质醇) and adrenaline. (我们的神经系统网络产生战斗或逃跑反应，它利用储存的能量对接近的捕食者做出反应。一夜睡眠不足是一种压力源，它通过中枢神经系统激活大脑和肾上腺之间的压力反应网络。肾上腺随后分泌促进清醒的激素——皮质醇和肾上腺素)”可知，上文描述肾上腺分泌皮质醇和肾上腺素后，该空需解释其在战斗或逃跑反应中的作用，A选项“这反过来又促使肝脏在战斗或逃跑反应中释放糖作为即时能量供应。”说明肝脏释放糖作为能量供应，逻辑连贯。故选A项。 3．由上文““That level of energy people might feel after a short sleep might actually be the stress response the body and brain are provoking to fight off sleep loss,” Ben Simon says.(Ben Simon说：“人们在短暂睡眠后可能感受到的这种能量水平实际上可能是身体和大脑为对抗睡眠不足而引发的压力反应。”)”可知，Ben Simon指出能量感源于压力反应（讲的是其缺陷），该空需承接上文补充其局限性，F选项“Zeitzer补充说，睡眠不足引起的皮质醇升高只是一个很小的波动，只足以掩盖醒来后几个小时的疲劳。”解释皮质醇上升仅短暂掩盖疲劳，与下一段“The energy boost from the sympathetic nervous system is temporary(交感神经系统的能量提升是暂时的)”衔接。故选F项。 4．下文“There is no shortcut to being ready to seize the day — not when sleep is already the greatest life hack.(要准备好抓住每一天，没有捷径可走——尤其是在睡眠已经是最棒的生活方式的时候)”强调睡眠无捷径，需总结性语句，B选项“底线保持不变：你不能欺骗睡眠。”点明核心结论，呼应睡眠的重要性。故选B项。 Passage 2 （24-25高一下·上海·期末）Good News for Gamers Video games can sometimes have a bad reputation because they keep people indoors and looking at a screen instead of talking and playing with others face to face. 1 Scientists from the University of Vermont used data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) scheme, which is a study of brain development and health of children in the US as they move into adulthood. The results were taken from 2,217 children aged nine or 10. They were divided into two groups: young people who never play video games and those who play them for three or more hours a day. The young people were set two tasks. The first one measured their reaction times by seeing how quickly they could press buttons that matched images on a screen. The second test involved using their memory. 2 During the tests, their brains were scanned with fMRI, which uses magnets to measure brain activity. The people who played video games were consistently better at the two tasks, and the fMRI scans showed that they also had more activity in the parts of their brains that look after memory and attention. 3 However, it’s important to note that researchers don’t yet know if gaming improved their memory and reactions, or if they already had good memories and reactions and therefore enjoyed gaming and played a lot. 4 The team could also perhaps find out in future if particular types of video games affect people’s brain activity differently. The lead scientist on the study, Bader Chaarani says that too much screen time is not good for people’s mental well being or physical health. It is still very important to spend time outdoors in the fresh air, taking exercise and having fun with friends and family. A．This means that people who play video games show more brain activity. B．Compared with scrolling through videos on YouTube, playing video games surely makes brain more active. C．However, a new study has revealed that video games might be good for brain development in young people. D．Not all of gaming’s effects on the brain are positive despite the activated brain. E．The scientists are hoping to carry on studying the same young people as they get older to track the effects of gaming. F．They were shown pictures of people’s faces and then, a bit later, were shown more and had to say if any of the faces were the same. 【答案】1．C 2．F 3．A 4．E 【导语】这是一篇说明文。一项研究显示，玩电子游戏可能有益于年轻人大脑发育，且科学家希望继续追踪研究其影响。 1．由上文“Video games can sometimes have a bad reputation because they keep people indoors and looking at a screen instead of talking and playing with others face to face. (电子游戏有时声誉不佳，因为它们让人们呆在室内，看着屏幕，而不是与他人面对面交谈和玩耍。)”可知，前文提及游戏的负面印象。空格后介绍佛蒙特大学的研究，指出游戏对大脑发育的积极影响。C项However, a new study has revealed that video games might be good for brain development in young people.(然而，一项新研究表明电子游戏可能有益于年轻人的大脑发育。)以“However”转折，引出研究结论，既呼应上文的负面评价，又开启后文的积极发现，其中“new study”与后文“The results were taken from 2,217 children aged nine or 10”形成衔接。故选C项。 2．上文提到“The second test involved using their memory.(第二项测试涉及记忆能力。)”，说明测试内容。F项They were shown pictures of people’s faces and then, a bit later, were shown more and had to say if any of the faces were the same.(他们先看人脸图片，之后再看更多图片，需判断是否有相同面孔。)具体描述了记忆测试的流程，“shown pictures of faces”和“say if any were the same”对应“using their memory”，是对前文的详细展开。故选F项。 3．上文指出“fMRI scans showed that they also had more activity in the parts of their brains that look after memory and attention.(功能磁共振成像扫描显示，游戏者大脑中负责记忆和注意力的区域活动更活跃。)”，说明扫描结果。A项This means that people who play video games show more brain activity.(这意味着玩电子游戏的人表现出更多的大脑活动。)中的this指代前文的扫描结果，“more brain activity”是对“more activity in brain parts”的同义转述，起到总结上文的作用。故选A项。 4．下文提到“The team could also perhaps find out in future if particular types of video games affect people’s brain activity differently.(研究团队未来可能还会探究特定类型的游戏是否对大脑活动有不同影响。)”，说明未来的研究方向。E项The scientists are hoping to carry on studying the same young people as they get older to track the effects of gaming.(科学家希望继续研究同一群年轻人，追踪游戏对他们的影响。)中的“hoping to carry on studying”和“track the effects”与后文“find out in future”形成时间上的递进，共同阐述研究的延续性。故选E项。 Passage 3 （24-25高一下·上海·期中）Telephobia While picking up the phone when it rings may feel like a natural reaction, for many young people, answering a call has become an anxiety-inducing experience. Instead of calling, younger generations are relying on texts, voice notes, and social media to communicate, avoiding the spontaneity of real-time conversation, causing more and more people to be scared of making a phone call. The phenomenon even has a name — telephobia. Stephanie Wijkstrom, CEO and Founder of the Counseling and Wellness Center of Pittsburgh, told Newsweek: “ 1 . Those who experience it often exhibit anxiety, avoidance behaviors, and sometimes physical symptoms such as an elevated heart rate or perspiration when anticipating a phone call.” In a 2024 Uswitch survey of 2,000 U. K. adults, nearly 70 percent of those aged 18-34preferred texting over talking, with 23 percent admitting they never answer calls at all. The reluctance to pick up the phone is often linked to avoiding scam calls, but social factors also play a role. Wijkstrom explained: “In our digital age, texting and online messaging serve as our primary modes of communication, and we often feel less vulnerable and more comfortable than in a live conversation or phone call. 2 . As a result, phone calls, with their spontaneity, are perceived as overwhelming. 3 . Nottingham College in the U. K. has started running sessions to help students build their confidence on the phone. Its’ Five Steps to Telephone Confidence’ session was developed after career advisors noticed students struggling with phone interviews. Liz Baxter, a careers advisor at the college, told Newsweek: “It is increasingly difficult to make calls these days. Companies use virtual assistants, Al, and often direct customers to websites. Teenagers find it easier to text or leave voice notes, meaning they have fewer experiences with real-time conversation and response formulation.” Thankfully, beating telephobia is possible. Wijkstrom said: “With patience and intentional practice, telephobia can be overcome. 4 . Individuals can also slowly increase their exposure to phone calls in a low-pressure situation to desensitize an anxious response. Deep breathing before a call is one method to practice mindfulness, which can help regulate the nerves and reduce stress.” A．Plus, social media contributes to the environment of curated interactions. B．Telephobia is an intense fear or discomfort of phone calls. C．Exploring and understanding the root of the fear is a help ful starting position. D．Texts allow them to think and overthink their responses, hence their preference for this. E．In some places, there are already steps to tackle the issue of telephobia in young people. F．However, phone calls are believed to convey emotions more accurately than other forms of communication. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．E 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了电话恐惧症这一现象，即许多年轻人害怕接打电话，分析了其产生的原因，并介绍了应对这一现象的措施。 1．上文“The phenomenon even has a name — telephobia. Stephanie Wijkstrom, CEO and Founder of the Counseling and Wellness Center of Pittsburgh, told Newsweek:(这种现象甚至有一个名字——电话恐惧症。匹兹堡咨询与健康中心的首席执行官兼创始人Stephanie Wijkstrom告诉《新闻周刊》：)”提到了电话恐惧症，且提到了首席执行官兼创始人告诉《新闻周刊》，空处需要给出Stephanie Wijkstrom讲话的内容，引出“电话恐惧症”的定义，与后文的“Those who experience it often exhibit anxiety, avoidance behaviors, and sometimes physical symptoms such as an elevated heart rate or perspiration when anticipating a phone call.”(那些经历过这种情况的人通常会表现出焦虑、逃避行为，有时还会出现身体症状，比如在等电话时心率加快或出汗。”)”症状描述形成逻辑衔接。B项“电话恐惧症是对电话的强烈恐惧或不适”直接定义了电话恐惧症，与上下文完美契合。且B项中的“Telephobia”和上文中的“telephobia”相呼应。故选B。 2．上文“Wijkstrom explained: “In our digital age, texting and online messaging serve as our primary modes of communication, and we often feel less vulnerable and more comfortable than in a live conversation or phone call..(Wijkstrom解释说：“在我们的数字时代，短信和在线消息是我们主要的交流方式，与现场对话或电话相比，我们往往感觉不那么脆弱，也更自在”)”提到数字时代下，年轻人更喜欢发短信或在线消息，因为这种方式让他们感觉更安全、更舒适。D项“短信让他们能思考并反复思考他们的回复，因此他们更喜欢这种方式”说明了短信的优势（可以反复思考回复内容），与上文的“less vulnerable and more comfortable”呼应，同时引出下文的“As a result, phone calls, with their spontaneity, are perceived as overwhelming.(因此，自发的电话被认为是压倒性的。)”。故选D。 3．下文“Nottingham College in the U. K. has started running sessions to help students build their confidence on the phone.(英国诺丁汉学院已经开始举办课程，帮助学生建立打电话的信心)”提到英国诺丁汉学院开设课程帮助学生建立电话信心，说明本段主要介绍应对电话恐惧症的措施，空处为本段小标题，应概括本段内容。E项“在一些地方，已经有措施来解决年轻人的电话恐惧症问题”符合语境，E项中的“steps to tackle the issue of telephobia”和下文中的“running sessions to help students build their confidence on the phone”相呼应。故选E。 4．上文“With patience and intentional practice, telephobia can be overcome.(只要有耐心和有意识的练习，电话恐惧症是可以克服的)”说明电话恐惧症可以克服，空处应承接上文，说明克服电话恐惧症的方法。C项“探索和理解恐惧的根源是一个有用的起点”指出“探索恐惧根源是起点”，且C项中的“Exploring and understanding the root of the fear”和上文中的“telephobia can be overcome”相呼应，且为克服电话恐惧症的具体方法。故选C。 话题6 人与自然 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·上海·期中）An environmental group in Colombia is leading a project to save wild areas in the San Lucas mountains with the help of coffee growers. 1 Colombia has more different kinds of living things than any country after neighboring Brazil, but destruction of forests has increased since 2016. Government information shows that in 2017, almost 220,000 hectares of forest were destroyed compared to 124,000 hectares in 2015. Areas like San Lucas have been threatened by mining and growers of coca plants, which are used to make the drug cocaine. To date, the project includes 10 families who farm 400 hectares of coffee plants. WebConserva said the project costs about $77,000 dollars a year. The group said it hopes that, in time, 200 families will be included. At that level, 20,000 hectares of untouched forest could be protected. In San Lucas, the families promise not to cut down trees to expand their crops or to hunt wild animals from the forest. 2 Arcadio Barajas is among those taking part. His new coffee plantation establishes a barrier between cattle ranches and forests where wild animals like the jaguar live and hunt. The presence of the coffee fields reduces the possibility that there will be conflict between cattle ranchers and the big cats. Barajas said that cutting down the forest to plant coca and killing wildlife were against his faith. 3 “I’m taking care of the environment, the forest and the animals, so that I don’t end up ruined as well,” he said. Arnobis Romero is a former coca grower and miner. He said many families depended on illegal activities to support their children. For example, at times one kilogram of Coca could be sold for $760. Romero said, “We feel really proud to look after this biodiversity and to leave it... for future generations.” 4 But each year, hundreds of thousands of hectares of land are destroyed. Activists want San Lucas to be protected as a national park, but the process has been slow. A．In return, they receive $250 to $300 for 125 kilograms of coffee. B．It protects forests, biodiversity and ecosystems at the same time. C．Colombia has set aside 16 percent of its territory as protected land. D．Gold mining and coca farming make more money than coffee growing E．But now he feels that growing coffee lets him be a good steward (管理人) of the land. F．The goal is to limit additional development in the northern San Lucas area which is rich in biodiversity, meaning many forms of life live there. 【答案】1．F 2．A 3．E 4．C 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。主要报道了哥伦比亚的一个环保组织正在咖啡种植者的帮助下领导一个拯救圣卢卡斯山脉野生地区的项目。 1．上文“An environmental group in Colombia is leading a project to save wild areas in the San Lucas mountains with the help of coffee growers.(哥伦比亚的一个环保组织正在咖啡种植者的帮助下领导一个拯救圣卢卡斯山脉野生地区的项目)”可知，本句承接上文，说明拯救圣卢卡斯山脉野生地区的项目的目的。选项F项“其目标是限制圣卢卡斯北部地区的额外开发，该地区拥有丰富的生物多样性，这意味着那里生活着多种形式的生命”符合语境。故选F项。 2．根据上文“In San Lucas, the families promise not to cut down trees to expand their crops or to hunt wild animals from the forest.(在圣卢卡斯，这些家庭承诺不会砍伐树木来扩大庄稼，也不会从森林中捕猎野生动物)”可知，本句说明承诺保护森林的回报是什么。选项A项“作为回报，他们每卖出125公斤咖啡就能得到250到300美元”符合语境，故选A项。 3．上文“Barajas said that cutting down the forest to plant coca and killing wildlife were against his faith.(巴拉哈斯说，砍伐森林种植古柯和杀害野生动物违背了他的信仰)”提到破坏森林和杀害野生动物违背了他的信仰。下文““I’m taking care of the environment, the forest and the animals, so that I don’t end up ruined as well,” he said.(“我要保护环境、森林以及动物，这样我自身才不会遭殃。”他说道)”可知，空处应说明现在保护环境的做法。结合选项E项“但现在他觉得种植咖啡能让他成为这片土地的好管家”起到上下文的承上启下作用，上下文语意连贯。故选E项。 4．根据下文“But each year, hundreds of thousands of hectares of land are destroyed.(但是每年都有成千上万公顷的土地被破坏)”转折说明每年都有成千上万公顷的土地被破坏，可推知，上文内容说明国土被划为保护区的情况。结合选项C项“哥伦比亚已划出16%的国土作为保护区”符合语境。故选C项。 Passage 2 （24-25高一下·上海杨浦·期中）Deep Dives Free diving is a perilous sport. Divers, swimming underwater without oxygen tanks, frequently black out from low oxygen and put themselves at risk of drowning. Marine mammals such as seals, by contrast, can spend most of their lives below the surface without running such risks. A paper published in Science on March 20th explains why: seals can apparently sense how much oxygen they have in their blood and plan their actions accordingly. When a mammal holds its breath, the amount of oxygen in the body begins to decrease, while the amount of carbon dioxide steadily climbs. In humans low levels of oxygen mostly do not ring any alarm bells on their own — it is high levels of carbon dioxide that eventually produce the unpleasant urge to breathe. 1 . That led Chris McKnight, a marine biologist at the University of St Andrews, to wonder if the animals could also sense oxygen. To test the idea, he and his team placed six wild-caught seals in a tank which included an underwater feeding station at one end and a “breathing chamber”, in which the seals could pop up to breathe, at the other. The air in that chamber was then set to one of four conditions: normal air (21% oxygen and 0.04% carbon dioxide, plus other gases); air with reduced oxygen (11%); elevated oxygen (50%); and elevated carbon dioxide (8%). 2 . The results suggested otherwise. When there was more oxygen, the seals extended their dives by an average of 14 seconds. When there was less oxygen, they shortened them by roughly half a minute. 3 . In other words, the seals seemed able to perceive how much oxygen they had left and then adjust their dives. Dr McKnight believes that this ability may be common to marine mammals and other diving species, and could have evolved as an important defense against drowning. Previous studies suggest the tufted duck, snapping turtles and Nile crocodiles might be similarly sensitive. 4 . It is also unclear how diving animals might perceive oxygen differently from surface-dwelling animals and what it feels like to them. Andrew Binks, a physiologist at Virginia Tech, has previously shown that expert divers can use an impending sense of black-out, caused by low oxygen, as a cue to resurface. How seals perform the same feat, however, remains a mystery. A．The experiment demonstrated that seals rely equally on oxygen and carbon dioxide levels to regulate their dives. B．As seals dive more frequently and for longer than humans do, the range of carbon dioxide in their bodies varies more widely. C．Pinning down how widespread this ability is will take more research. D．If the seals were, like humans, more sensitive to carbon dioxide, their behavior would be identical in all but the final condition. E．Figuring out how the ability of sensing carbon dioxide evolved in different species needs further research. F．The high carbon dioxide condition, by contrast, produced no statistically significant effect. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．F 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了海豹能够感知血液中的氧气含量并据此规划行动，而人类则主要对高二氧化碳水平有呼吸反应，科学家通过实验验证了海豹这种独特的氧气感知能力，并且提到这种能力可能在其他海洋哺乳动物和潜水物种中普遍存在，但仍有许多问题有待研究。 1．根据上文 “In humans low levels of oxygen mostly do not ring any alarm bells on their own — it is high levels of carbon dioxide that eventually produce the unpleasant urge to breathe.(在人类中，低氧水平本身大多不会敲响任何警钟——最终是高二氧化碳水平产生了令人不快的呼吸冲动)” 以及下文 “That led Chris McKnight, a marine biologist at the University of St Andrews, to wonder if the animals could also sense oxygen.(这使得圣安德鲁斯大学的海洋生物学家克里斯・麦克奈特想知道这些动物是否也能感知氧气)” 可推知，此处需要说明海豹与人类在呼吸调节方面的差异，从而引出对海豹感知氧气能力的研究。选项 B“由于海豹比人类潜水更频繁、时间更长，它们体内二氧化碳的范围变化更广泛” 指出了海豹因潜水习性导致体内二氧化碳变化大，不能仅依赖二氧化碳调节呼吸，所以科学家才会猜想其可能感知氧气，故选B。 2．根据下文 “The results suggested otherwise. When there was more oxygen, the seals extended their dives by an average of 14 seconds. When there was less oxygen, they shortened them by roughly half a minute.(结果却并非如此。当氧气含量增加时，海豹的潜水时间平均延长了 14 秒。当氧气含量减少时，它们的潜水时间缩短了大约半分钟)” 可知，实验结果表明海豹对氧气变化敏感，而非二氧化碳。那么空格处应是实验的假设前提，即如果海豹像人类一样对二氧化碳更敏感，其行为应该是怎样的。选项D“如果海豹像人类一样对二氧化碳更敏感，除了最后一种条件外，它们在所有条件下的行为都应该是相同的” 符合这一逻辑，与后文的实验结果形成对比，故选D。 3．根据下文“In other words, the seals seemed able to perceive how much oxygen they had left and then adjust their dives.(换句话说，海豹似乎能够感知它们还剩下多少氧气，然后调整它们的潜水行为)” 可知，前文应是具体描述海豹对氧气敏感，而对二氧化碳不敏感的实验结果。选项 F“相比之下，高二氧化碳条件没有产生统计学上的显著影响” 与前文氧气浓度变化对海豹潜水时间的显著影响形成对比，验证了海豹对氧气的敏感性，故选F。 4．根据下文“It is also unclear how diving animals might perceive oxygen differently from surface - dwelling animals and what it feels like to them.(目前还不清楚潜水动物与陆生动物对氧气的感知有何不同，以及它们对此有何感觉)” 可知，关于潜水动物感知氧气的能力，还有很多未知需要研究。选项 C“确定这种能力的普遍性需要更多的研究”引出了后文关于未知问题的讨论，故选C。 Passage 3 （23-24高一下·上海·期中）Monarch Butterflies Listed as Endangered The monarch butterfly, known for its legendary migration from Mexico to Canada, is now at great risk of extinction. According to the International Union for Conservation of Nature, the population of this orange-and-black insect has shrunk between 23% and 72% over the past 10 years. IUCN has labeled it as being endangered after having added it to its Red List of Threatened Species. 1 . In order to make space for agriculture and urban development, people have been illegally cutting down trees. As a result, the massive forested areas that had previously sheltered the butterflies during winter have now been destroyed. Another factor at play is the use of herbicides (除草剂) in agricultural fields. 2 . Just before leaving their overwintering grounds, females lay eggs on milkweed plants. But now milkweed is disappearing, and monarch caterpillars are losing their host plants. Climate change has also taken a heavy toll on the species. 3 . What’s worse, severe weather conditions such as hurricanes and storms are proving to be disastrous for the already vulnerable butterflies. Monarch experts are calling for the public’s help in the fight to save the species. “Few species inspire the awe and wonder that the migratory monarch butterfly commands,” said Dr. Sean T. O’Brien, President and CEO of Nature Serve. “While efforts to protect this species are encouraging, much is still needed to ensure its long-term survival.” What can be done to case the problem? A middle-of-the-road solution is gaining ground. Scientists recommend promoting the growth of native milkweed and nectar flowers. Monarch butterflies are a common backyard insect in America, so everyone can contribute their share.  — 4 . They can also plant flowers for monarchs. — Those flowers will provide nectar for monarchs when they bloom. A．People can plant milkweed to support their egg-laying and caterpillars. B．When they are caterpillars (幼虫), monarchs entirely depend on milkweed. C．Hence, local people should maintain thick forests and reduce the use of pesticides within the monarch’s range. D．The reasons for the threat to monarchs are varied, but the leading one is the decades-long destruction of its habitats. E．In a one-two punch, droughts have limited the growth of milkweed, thus threatening the butterflies’ overwintering habitats. F．To help ensure the survival of monarchs, the habitats of the Monarch butterfly need to be protected and conserved. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．E 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了帝王蝶面临灭绝的风险，主因是栖息地破坏、农药使用及气候变化，呼吁公众参与保护行动，如种植马利筋草和蜜源植物以支持其生存。 1．上文“According to the International Union for Conservation of Nature, the population of this orange-and-black insect has shrunk between 23% and 72% over the past 10 years. IUCN has labeled it as being endangered after having added it to its Red List of Threatened Species.(根据国际自然保护联盟的数据，在过去10年间，这种橙黑相间的昆虫的数量已经减少了23%至72%。该联盟已将其列入濒危物种红色名录，标示为濒危)”及下文“In order to make space for agriculture and urban development, people have been illegally cutting down trees. As a result, the massive forested areas that had previously sheltered the butterflies during winter have now been destroyed.(为了腾出空间进行农业种植和城市发展，人们一直在非法砍伐树木。因此，过去在冬季为蝴蝶提供庇护的广阔森林区域现在已经遭到破坏)”说明了帝王蝶面临灭绝的风险，数量急剧下降，并被列为濒危物种，以及人类活动对栖息地的破坏，空处承上启下，D选项“威胁帝王蝶生存的原因多种多样，但最主要的在于长达数十年的栖息地破坏。”既承接了上文提到的濒危现状，又引出了下文具体阐述的人类活动对栖息地的破坏，符合语境。故选D。 2．上文“Another factor at play is the use of herbicides (除草剂) in agricultural fields.(另一个发挥作用的因素是在农田中使用的除草剂)”及下文“Just before leaving their overwintering grounds, females lay eggs on milkweed plants. But now milkweed is disappearing, and monarch caterpillars are losing their host plants.(在离开越冬地之前，雌蝶会在乳草植物上产卵。但现在乳草植物正在消失，帝王蝶幼虫也因此失去了寄主植物)”说明了农业领域除草剂使用对帝王蝶的影响，空处应解释除草剂的使用如何影响帝王蝶的具体方式，B选项“当帝王蝶处于幼虫阶段时，它们完全依赖乳草植物生存。”承接上文，解释除草剂与帝王蝶之间产生的联系，指出了乳草对帝王蝶幼虫的重要性，且与下文紧密相连，符合语境。故选B。 3．上文“Climate change has also taken a heavy toll on the species.(气候变化也对这一物种造成了沉重打击)”及下文“What’s worse, severe weather conditions such as hurricanes and storms are proving to be disastrous for the already vulnerable butterflies.(更糟糕的是，飓风和风暴等极端天气条件对本来就脆弱的蝴蝶来说无疑是灾难性的)”说明了气候变化对帝王蝶种群的严重影响，空处围绕气候变化的主题展开，具体说明对于帝王蝶的影响，下文与之形成递进关系，E选项“干旱的影响如同连续两次重击，限制了乳草的生长，从而威胁到了蝴蝶的越冬栖息地。”与上文的气候变化话题相契合，还具体解释了干旱如何通过影响乳草的生长间接威胁到帝王蝶的生存。故选E。 4．上文“Monarch butterflies are a common backyard insect in America, so everyone can contribute their share.(帝王蝶在美国是一种常见的后院昆虫，因此每个人都能为此贡献自己的一份力量)”及下文“They can also plant flowers for monarchs.(他们还可以为帝王蝶种植花卉)”说明了个人可以采取的具体措施来帮助帝王蝶，A选项“人们可以种植乳草以支持帝王蝶产卵和幼虫的生长。”提出了一个具体行动建议，即人们可以种植乳草来支持帝王蝶产卵和幼虫的生存，其中“can plant”与下文“can also plant”相呼应，符合语境。故选A。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 考前押题05 六选四6大常考话题 话题1 生活与学习 Passage 1：C E B D Passage 2：E B C A Passage 3：C A F E 话题2 做人与做事 Passage 1：D B C F Passage 2：B D E C Passage 3：F B C E 话题3 文学、艺术与体育 Passage 1：E B A F Passage 2：E C A F Passage 3：A D E B 话题4 历史、社会与文化 Passage 1：A F B D Passage 2：C A E D Passage 3：F A B D 话题5 科学与技术 Passage 1：C A F B Passage 2：C F A E Passage 3：B D E C 话题6 人与自然 Passage 1：F A E C Passage 2：B D F C Passage 3：D B E A 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 考前押题05 六选四6大常考话题 话题1 生活与学习 话题4 历史、社会与文化 话题2 做人与做事 话题5 科学与技术 话题3 文学、艺术与体育 话题6 人与自然 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 话题1 生活与学习 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·上海徐汇·期中）How to Cope with Emotional Eating If you empty the fridge when you’re stressed or upset, that’s called emotional eating. Emotional eating affects most people from time to time. But regularly letting your feelings guide your food intake can affect your health. Sadness, boredom, and other negative feelings can drive emotional eating. Emotional eating includes eating a whole container of ice-cream after a breakup. Or eating up a bag of potato chips when you’re home alone on a Saturday night. 1 Many people overeat at joyous events, such as parties and weddings. Eating more food than your body needs can have dangerous results. People who eat for emotional reasons often gain too much weight. This puts them at greater risk for type 2 diabetes, heart disease, high blood pressure, stroke, obesity, and cancer. Eating too much has emotional consequences as well. 2 Here are some tips for you to stop emotional eating episodes and break the cycle: Learn to recognize hunger. Next time you reach for a snack, ask yourself what’s driving it. If you are truly hungry, you’ll notice physical symptoms, such as an empty stomach. 3 If you don’t have those signs, you probably don’t need to eat right then. Find other interests. Finding an activity that you enjoy can increase self-confidence, which is often poor in emotional eaters. Examples might be yoga, playing a musical instrument, volunteering, or painting. 4 If that’s so, then a new interest can fill your hours and make you less likely to look to food for emotional satisfaction. A．Emotional eating results from certain feelings, such as anger or sadness. B．Other less obvious hunger cues include a bad temper and trouble focusing. C．But happy events can cause emotional eating, too. D．You may find that your eating is driven by boredom. E．These include feeling guilty or embarrassed afterward. F．However, boredom can lead to emotional eating as well. Passage 2 （24-25高一下·上海·期中）Excerpt from a Commencement Speech I was humbled and honored to be asked by the president of this outstanding university to speak to you today. Who am I? I am Gavin Presgrave, and for the past 39 years, I have written graduation speeches for hundreds of celebrities and nervous valedictorians (致辞的最优生). 1 And, at the risk of bragging, I was the first graduation - speech writer to compare life to a book. If I’m known for anything, it’s for starting speeches by saying, “I promise to keep things short, as I’m sure you are all impatient to go forward to the wonderful lives I hope you will live.” I’m proud of that. But perhaps my most famous work came during a commencement speech at Penn State in the spring of 1977. During that speech, given by someone whose name I forget, I first used the phrase “As I look out into this sea of eager faces...” And that “sea of faces” thing was a real game - changer in the world of graduation - speech writing. 2 In 1997, I won a Herman (our version of the Oscar) for Best Use of a Children’s Author Quote. That same year, I was nominated for Best Opening Joke, which went like, “Oh, no! We’re all wearing the same gown! How embarrassing!” It was a crowd-pleaser. ...... So what have I learned during my career? 3 I’m not sure, but I’m nevertheless reminded of the day my mother died. Moments before her passing, she told me life was a book and even the saddest of chapters shall come to an end. If you can read the sad chapters swiftly and the happy chapters slowly, then yours will be a life worth living. Most of you have no idea what life lies ahead or what course your lives will take — two other ways of saying future. I know this. 4 We may not need a weatherman to know which way the wind blows, but it can’t hurt to carry an umbrella. As I once said, “Tomorrow is a gift wrapped in time. Now is the time to open it!” A．The journey you’re about to start will be filled with twists and turns. B．Yes, I’m proud to say that I’ve won several awards for my graduation speeches. C．What important lesson can I pass along? D．But my life path has not always been smooth. E．For decades, I have come up with new ways to say future. F．What should a good graduation speech be like? Passage 3 （24-25高一下·上海·月考）Do you have braces (牙箍)? If not, chances are that you know someone who does. Even if you don’t have braces right now, you might need them one day. Different kids feel different ways about braces. Some can’t wait to get them because they think they’re neat and know that they’ll improve their smile. 1 Many are also concerned they may be uncomfortable. It’s okay to have these worries, but kids who get braces often find they had no reason to be concerned. Braces are just tools that special dentists — called orthodontists — use to correct the arrangement and position of your teeth. 2 But braces can help straighten teeth so that they can do their job as well as possible. 3 Today, though, they’re much more advanced. The metal used to make braces nowadays is much thinner, resulting in smaller braces. Sometimes you can get braces that are clear or the same color as your teeth. They even make braces that go on the back of your teeth. With these advances, braces aren’t nearly as noticeable today as they used to be. While you have braces, it’s especially important to make sure that you take good care of your teeth. All the metal and rubber in your mouth can make it easy for food to hide in places you`d normally be able to clean easily. 4 There are special tools available that you can use to make sure your pearly whites stay pearly white! A．Not all teeth grow straight, and this is natural. B．Many kids enjoy making a fashion statement with their braces. C．Other kids worry about how braces will change how they look. D．Makes sure your teeth don’t go back to their original places. E．If you have trouble cleaning your teeth, talk to the dental specialists. F．Years ago, braces were made of thick metal that was very noticeable. 话题2 做人与做事 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·上海·期中）Stage Fright Imagine that you are an actor performing in a play for the first time. You have learned all your lines and you know where to walk on stage. Waiting behind the closed curtain, you can hear the audience whispering and taking their seats. Then your big moment arrives! The curtain goes up, and the crowd falls silent. All you can see is the spotlight shining down on you. 1 The inside of your mouth is dry, and your hands are wet. If you have experienced a moment like this, you know all too well what it means to have stage fright. It is one of the most common types of fear and tends to strike people when they find themselves at the center of attention. 2 People experience this fear when playing sports, giving a presentation, or even speaking in class. A person who suffers from stage fright may get sweaty hands, a dry mouth, a tight throat, or shaky knees. Stage fright is actually a form of panic, and these feelings are very real. 3 The experience differs from person to person, but the same chemical process occurs in each of us. In reaction to anxiety, our bodies produce a chemical that prepares us to either fight or run away quickly. Scientists refer to this as our bodies’ “fight or flight” reaction. As a result, we feel great energy that makes our hands sweat, our hearts race, and our knees shake. 4 Practicing your performance and following some simple tips can help calm nerves and manage the feelings caused by anxiety. First, dress comfortably and appropriately. Second, before the performance, take deep breaths and stretch to help relax your body. Third, stay away from drinks that contain caffeine. These might make your heart race even faster. Instead, try a banana! Some doctors believe that eating a banana can help calm your heart and the rest of your body. Finally, when you look into a crowd, try to focus on particular people instead of the whole group. These tips have helped many people learn to deal with their fears. A．However, there is a time when stage fright prevents you from stepping onstage. B．You don’t have to be onstage to get stage fright. C．Stage fright is part of the body’s reaction to stress. D．You try to speak your lines, but nothing seems to come out. E．With practice, we can learn how to relax while playing sports. F．The good news about stage fright is that here are ways to deal with it. Passage 2 （24-25高一下·上海浦东新·期中）Telephobia While picking up the phone when it rings may feel like a natural reaction, for many young people, answering a call has become an anxiety-inducing experience. Instead of calling, younger generations are relying on texts, voice notes, and social media to communicate, avoiding the spontaneity of real-time conversation, causing more and more people to be scared of making a phone call. The phenomenon even has a name — telephobia. Stephanie Wijkstrom, CEO and Founder of the Counseling and Wellness Center of Pittsburgh, told Newsweek: “ 1 . Those who experience it often exhibit anxiety, avoidance behaviors, and sometimes physical symptoms such as an elevated heart rate or perspiration when anticipating a phone call.” In a 2024 Uswitch survey of 2, 000 U. K. adults, nearly 70 percent of those aged 18-34preferred texting over talking, with 23 percent admitting they never answer calls at all. The reluctance to pick up the phone is often linked to avoiding scam calls, but social factors also play a role. Wijkstrom explained: “In our digital age, texting and online messaging serve as our primary modes of communication, and we often feel less vulnerable and more comfortable than in a live conversation or phone call. 2 . As a result, phone calls, with their spontaneity, are perceived as overwhelming. 3 . Nottingham College in the U. K. has started running sessions to help students build their confidence on the phone. Its ‘Five Steps to Telephone Confidence’ session was developed after career advisors noticed students struggling with phone interviews. Liz Baxter, a careers advisor at the college, told Newsweek: “It is increasingly difficult to make calls these days. Companies use virtual assistants, AI, and often direct customers to websites. Teenagers find it easier to text or leave voice notes, meaning they have fewer experiences with real-time conversation and response formulation.” Thankfully, beating telephobia is possible. Wijkstrom said: “With patience and intentional practice, telephobia can be overcome. 4 . Individuals can also slowly increase their exposure to phone calls in a low-pressure situation to desensitize an anxious response. Deep breathing before a call is one method to practice mindfulness, which can help regulate the nerves and reduce stress.” A．Plus, social media contributes to the environment of curated interactions. B．Telephobia is an intense fear or discomfort of phone calls. C．Exploring and understanding the root of the fear is a help ful starting position. D．Texts allow them to think and overthink their responses, hence their preference for this. E．In some places, there are already steps to tackle the issue of telephobia in young people. F．However, phone calls are believed to convey emotions more accurately than other forms of communication. Passage 3 （24-25高一下·上海长宁·月考）Learning to Choose, to Let Go, and to Embrace Regrets for Growth In the journey of life, we often find ourselves at a crossroads, faced with the challenging task of choosing one path over another. However, the art of making wise choices often requires us to let go of certain desires and dreams. Embracing this duality — choosing and releasing — is essential for personal growth and fulfillment. Life, much like a video game, presents us with countless options and decisions. 1 . Our time and energy are limited, and we must focus on what truly matters. Choosing, at its core, reflects our values and aspirations. It demands self-awareness and a clear understanding of our goals. For instance, consider a high school student torn between pursuing a passion for music and excelling in core academic subjects to se cure a better college future. 2 . However, making wise choices also involves recognizing the need to let go. This means acknowledging desires or dreams that may no longer align with our well-being or are beyond our control. Letting go might mean stepping away from a cherished hobby, distancing ourselves from a social circle that no longer supports us, or releasing a long-held dream that has outlived its purpose. It’s not about achieving perfection but about prioritizing what truly matters and managing our resources wisely. 3 . They serve as persistent reminders of past mistakes or unfulfilled aspirations. The student might regret not dedicating enough time to certain subjects or missing out on valuable experiences due to overcommitment. Yet, when faced head-on, these regrets can become powerful teachers, offering lessons that shape our future decisions. This process of choosing, letting go, and learning from regrets helps us evolve and mature. It transforms life’s challenges into valuable wisdom, guiding us toward a more purposeful and fulfilling journey. Now, if you’re a student sitting an exam and suddenly realize time is slipping away, take a deep breath and smile. Remember, this exam is just another opportunity to practice the art of decision-making. If you can’t answer every question, it’s okay to let some go. 4 . After all, the best players in life know when to level up and move on to the next challenge with grace and resilience. A．But in the game world, not only can we easily bypass tough situations with simple cheats, but we can also start over afresh without any real-world consequences holding us back. B．such a decision is fraught with complexity, requiring careful consideration of personal interests, long-term ambitions, and the inevitable trade-offs involved. C．Regrets, though painful, are an inevitable part of life. D．Instead of looking back on the past, we should always keep our eyes on the future and strive for greater achievements. E．Focus on what you know and make the most of the time you have. F．Yet, unlike a game where shortcuts or tricks might help us overcome obstacles, real life offers no such luxuries. 话题3 文学、艺术与体育 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·上海静安·期中）What I Think of Boxing as a Sport Boxing is a popular sport. Newspapers, magazines and sports programmes on TV frequently cover boxing matches. It could be the toughest of all sports to survive. It takes boxers hours in the gym and years to develop the specific characteristics needed to be a great boxer. 1 It seems to me that some people, especially men, find it appealing because it is an aggressive sport. When they watch a boxing match, they can identify with the winning boxer. This gives them the feeling of being a winner themselves. 2 They do that because the boxer comes from their own country, and if “their” boxer loses, they often feel as if they have lost a fight themselves. It is a fact that many people have feelings of aggression from time to time, but they cannot show their aggression in their everyday lives. Watching a boxing match gives them a way of expressing it. 3 Although boxers wear gloves during the fights, and amateur boxers even have to wear helmets, a kind of strong hard hat, there have frequently been accidents in both professional and amateur boxing, sometimes with dramatic consequences. Boxers have suffered from head injuries, and occasionally, fighters have even been killed as a result of being knocked out in the ring. Besides, studies have shown that there are often long-term effects of boxing. They are usually in the form of serious brain damage, even if a boxer has never been knocked out. To conclude, I am personally not at all in favor of aggressive sports like boxing. 4 . We can celebrate more men and women from non-aggressive sports as our heroes in our society. I believe that the world is aggressive enough already! Of course, people like competitive sports, and so do I, but I think that hitting other people in an aggressive way is not something that should be regarded as a sport. A．However, boxing can be a very dangerous sport. B．Sometimes fans are supporting a particular boxer. C．In boxing, fighters are required to hit a moving target. D．Many fans are drawn to the sport because they love the competition. E．Perhaps that is the reason why successful boxers are treated as big heroes. F．I think it would be better if less time was given to aggressive sports on TV. Passage 2 （24-25高一下·上海崇明·期中）Exercise for a Better Brain Most of the time, your brain is the boss of your muscles — directing how you hit a ball, play the piano, or open a cereal box. 1 When you’re active, they send chemical signals telling your brain, “Hey, it’s time to grow!” Recent research suggests physical activity has multiple brain benefits, encouraging the birth and growth of new brain cells that supply oxygen and blood sugar to brain cells. In a 2016 National Institute on Aging study, people who ran on a treadmill for 45 minutes three days a week boosted their levels of brain-derived neurotrophic (神经营养的) factor, a chemical that acts like fertilizer for new brain cells. 2 Without exercise, Suzuki says, “little baby neurons don’t get bigger and make thousands of new connections to other brain cells. With exercise, you get fully functioning adult brain cells.” Studies suggest that in younger adults, this can add to the overall number of cells in the hippocampus (海马体). 3 It’s a good deal. “There’s evidence these new brain cells are very active,” she says. “They’re excitable, like teenagers. They get involved in more memory circuits than older cells do. You get more connections.’ 4 If you’re inactive, a stroll around the block may be all it takes to encourage neuroplasticity, she says. And every bit counts. In a 2019 Boston University study of 2354 adults in their 40s through 60s, sedentary people who boosted their daily walking by 7500 steps or more had bigger brains than those who didn’t exercise equivalent to 1.4 to 2.2 fewer years of brain aging, the more light activity study participants logged, such as doing housework, shopping, gardening, or walking the dog, the greater the overall size of their brains. A．And once age-related brain changes begin, starting in our 30s, exercise helps keep brain cells alive longer and replaces old cells with new ones. B．Tips have been offered as to how to do exercise. C．After four months of workouts, their scores improved on a memory test. D．Besides, studies also suggest that dying cells and brain wastes can be cleared with enough exercise on a regular basis. E．But when it comes to growing new brain cells, more and more research shows that when you exercise, your muscles take charge. F．Again, a little goes a long way. Passage 3 （24-25高一下·上海·期中）Chinese veteran filmmaker Zhang Yimou’s recent comment during an interview about urging audiences to step into cinemas rather than watching three-minute video summaries on their phones has garnered widespread attention on social media. Film critics remarked that finding the right balance between short videos and traditional cinema is crucial. In a recent interview with Xinhua News Agency, renowned director Zhang Yimou expressed his disappointment: “ 1 it’s best not to watch a movie on your phone, and certainly not through a three-minute synopsis. It’s truly disheartening, as a director, to see this.” Zhang’s comment garnered widespread discussion on Sina Weibo on Tuesday, with some netizens agreeing and highlighting the superior experience of watching a film in a theater, while others pushed back, arguing that when the quality of a film falls short, going to the cinema becomes a waste of money and time. Meanwhile, some viewers believe short video summaries serve as a mere primer for them — like an appetizer for the main course, sparking an interest to watch the full film in the theater. “The real issue now is that young people are detached. We need to attract them. 2 The key is knowing where to draw the line,” Tan Fei, a renowned movie critic and film producer, said on Wednesday. From Zhang’s calls to action to audience responses, it’s clear that industry professionals must acknowledge the current challenges and the demands of moviegoers. 3 Beyond short videos, online gaming, livestreams, vertical dramas, and virtual reality travel experiences are all vying for attention, stealing audiences away from the big screen. “The film industry is in a major crisis, not just domestically but globally,” Tan reflected. “I’ve been following the comments around Zhang’s interview, and it serves as a wake-up call for film professionals. The industry must embrace young people, embrace short videos — this wave is unstoppable. The key is to face it with a positive mindset.” 4 This shift isn’t just about technology or trends, but about a fundamental change in how people connect with media. A．As a filmmaker, I still hope that viewers will come to the cinema. B．Today, audience habits and consumption patterns have changed radically. C．Of course, the entry of short videos into the film ecosystem must come with some regulation. D．Sometimes, these summaries do draw in a crowd, but it’s a challenge to strike a perfect balance. E．The film industry is facing the inevitable competition from the onslaught of various forms of entertainment. F．It is only through great films that they can win back audiences and bring them back into theaters, before movies become nothing more than fleeting three-minute summaries. 话题4 历史、社会与文化 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·上海·期末）“When I was a kid, we were out and about all the time, playing with our friends, in and out of each other’s houses, sandwich in pocket, making our own entertainment. Our parents hardly saw us from morning to night.” This is roughly what you will hear if you ask anyone over 30 about their childhood in a rich country. Today such children will spend most of their time indoors, be driven everywhere rather than walk or cycle, take part in many more organised activities. 1 Parents want to protect their offspring from traffic, crime and other dangers in what they see as a more dangerous world, and to give them every opportunity to flourish. 2 They range from broad social and demographic (人口的) trends such as urbanisation, changes in family structure and the large-scale move of women into the labour force to the march of digital technology. Start with the physical environment in which children are growing up. In rich countries the overwhelming majority now lead urban lives. Almost 80% of people live in cities, which have many advantages, including better opportunities for work, education, culture and leisure. But these often come at a cost: expensive housing, overcrowding, lack of green space, heavy traffic, high air pollution and a sense of living among strangers rather than in a close-knit community. This has caused a perception of growing danger, even though statistically the average child is actually safer. 3 Families have become smaller, and women bear children far later than they did only a couple of generations ago. Households with just one child have become commonplace in Europe and the more prosperous parts of Asia, including China. That means each child has more time, money and energy invested in it, but misses out on the hustle and bustle of a larger household. At the same time the number of women going out to work has risen steeply. The post-second-world-war model of the nuclear family with a breadwinner husband, a homemaker wife and several children has become atypical. Mothers now mostly return to work within a year or so of giving birth, not five or ten years later. In the absence of a handy grandmother, the child, even at a young age, will probably be looked after outside the home during the working week. 4 Not long ago children used to anger their parents by declaring they were bored, but now “being bored is something that never has to be tolerated for a moment”, writes Sherry Turkle of MIT, an expert on digital culture. In rich countries the vast majority of 15-year-olds have their own smartphone and spend several hours a day online. There are growing concerns that overuse might lead to addiction and mental illness, and that spending too much time sitting still in front of a screen will stop them from exercising and make them fat. A．All this is done with the best of intentions. B．Even more important, the domestic environment for most children has changed greatly. C．The first few years of a child’s life are now receiving more attention as new evidence has emerged about its vital importance in the development of the brain. D．The effect of a number of screen-based devices on children cannot be overlooked. E．And indeed in many ways children are better off than they were a generation or two ago. F．This article will explain the factors that have led to these significant changes in childhood in western countries, as well as in China. Passage 2 （24-25高一下·上海·期中）Daphne du Maurier Daphne du Maurier was born into a famous London theatrical family, but lived in Cornwall for most of her life, in a large romantic house near the sea called Menabilly. Although she never owned it, she loved living there and it was where she raised her family. There can be no doubt that Menabilly and its surroundings inspired several of her novels and short stories. Du Maurier enjoyed early success as a writer and continued to have a wide readership throughout her career, with bestsellers such as Jamaica Inn, The House on the Strand and, of course, Rebecca. 1 He also adapted her short story The Birds, choosing to set it in northern California rather than in its originally wild Cornish location. Apparently, Daphne du Maurier hated this adaption. Before writing her collection of short stories The Apple Tree, to which The Birds belonged, du Maurier had been known for her romantic fiction. She had made her mark in particular with historical novels such as Frenchman’s Creek and Jamaica Inn. However, The Birds was not inspired by the past. 2 Arguably, it was the starting point for an entire genre (文体) devoted to narratives about natural disaster. Nature in du Maurier’s stories rarely has a favourable effect on humans, other than in the coming-of-age story called The Pool. This beautiful tale takes place in the middle of summer in the English countryside. By a woodland pool, a girl finds a ‘secret world’— a strange underwater place with fantastic beings. 3 This is nature as it is experienced by a child: magical, enchanting and unreal. With the end of childhood, her secret world is out of reach forever. Daphne du Maurier wrote exciting stories and was highly skilled at creating suspense. 4 Indeed; her lifetime she published more than three dozen works of fiction, history, and biography. A new edition of Don’t Look Now and Other Stories has been published by the Folio Society. A．It seemed instead to look ahead to major environmental disasters in the near future. B．He decides to get rid of it once and for all. C．Alfred Hitchcock turned this wonderful tale into a memorable film of the same name. D．Not only this, she was also a writer of fearless originality. E．While the title story lacks the tension of The Birds, there are similarities in the treatment of nature. F．What follows in the story reveals the truth of each character’s nature. Passage 3 （24-25高一下·上海嘉定·期中）In 2009, the number of hungry people in the world reached one billion for the first time. It’s difficult not to be shocked by the fact that more than one in seven people in the world do not have enough to eat. 1 Hunger kills more people per year than disease such as AIDS, malaria and TB (肺结核) combined. The UN estimates that almost two thirds of the world’s hungry people are in Asia, which is of course the world’s most populous continent. 2 Although this region has a much lower population than Asia, it has the highest percentage of hungry people. Almost all of the rest are in Latin America and the Caribbean. In the richest regions of the world there are only a tiny number of people who don’t have enough to eat. 3 They include wars, droughts, floods and the over-use of farming land. All these factors affect food production. Many people also blame greedy businessman for pushing up the prices of basic foods in the global market. But the most important reason, quite simply, is poverty, which has increased recently due to the financial crisis of 2008. Although many people make the obvious point that there would be less hunger if the global population were smaller, few people would argue that there is not enough food to go around. The basic problem seems to be not a lack of food, but its distribution. There are many areas of the world in which people generally have more than enough food. 4 The answer to world hunger, therefore, may be a balanced food distribution around the whole world. Everyone will have enough to eat, but not overeat. A．More than a quarter are in sub-Saharan Africa. B．There are many reasons for world hunger. C．It takes the effort of every country to fight against world hunger. D．In those places, obesity is a far bigger problem than hunger. E．Those places need far more food than they actually get. F．By the end of this year, more than 35 million people will have died as a result of not having enough to eat. 话题5 科学与技术 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·上海·期末）Why People Feel “Tired but Wired” after Little Sleep? A full night’s rest is key to waking up alert and energized for the day. But many report feeling weirdly wired — and paradoxically (矛盾地) more productive — despite snoozing for three to four hours instead of the seven to nine hours most experts recommend for adults. But sleep scientists say the energy jolt some people claim to experience after acute sleep deprivation stems from a natural but fleeting sense of alertness that the brain uses to temporarily cope with insufficient rest. “ 1 ,” says Jamie Zeitzer, a sleep medicine researcher at Stanford Medicine. “Physiologically speaking, that’s not happening. They’re not actually more alert.” When the brain senses sleep disruption, it protectively acts as if something might be very wrong, and survival instincts kick in. The body produces a physiological reaction to keep the brain alert and energized, explains Ben Simon, a neuroscientist and sleep researcher at the University of California, Berkeley. The network of our nervous system produces the fight-or-flight response, which uses stored energy to react against approaching predators. A single night of sleep deprivation is a stressor, which acts via the central nervous system to activate the stress response network between the brain and the adrenal glands (肾上腺). The adrenal glands then secrete the wakefulness-promoting hormones — cortisol (皮质醇) and adrenaline. 2 “That level of energy people might feel after a short sleep might actually be the stress response the body and brain are provoking to fight off sleep loss,” Ben Simon says. 3 The energy boost from the sympathetic nervous system is temporary, and it does not mean people’s brains are fully functional, however. Ben Simon says sleep loss experiments show people’s memory and attention are immediately impaired after a single night of sleep deprivation. 4 There is no shortcut to being ready to seize the day — not when sleep is already the greatest life hack. As Ben Simon puts it, “It took Mother Nature millions of years to perfect sleep — to give us optimal performance and mental health.” A．This in turn prompts the liver to release sugar as an immediate energy supply during the fight-or-flight response. B．The bottom line remains unchanged: You can’t cheat sleep. C．I can’t deny that, subjectively, people are feeling kind of wired. D．Some people mistakenly believe their heightened alertness reflects improved cognitive abilities. E．While caffeine may temporarily keep you awake, it cannot replace actual restorative sleep. F．Zeitzer adds that the rise in cortisol from insufficient sleep is only a small bump, just enough to hide fatigue for a few hours after waking. Passage 2 （24-25高一下·上海·期末）Good News for Gamers Video games can sometimes have a bad reputation because they keep people indoors and looking at a screen instead of talking and playing with others face to face. 1 Scientists from the University of Vermont used data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) scheme, which is a study of brain development and health of children in the US as they move into adulthood. The results were taken from 2,217 children aged nine or 10. They were divided into two groups: young people who never play video games and those who play them for three or more hours a day. The young people were set two tasks. The first one measured their reaction times by seeing how quickly they could press buttons that matched images on a screen. The second test involved using their memory. 2 During the tests, their brains were scanned with fMRI, which uses magnets to measure brain activity. The people who played video games were consistently better at the two tasks, and the fMRI scans showed that they also had more activity in the parts of their brains that look after memory and attention. 3 However, it’s important to note that researchers don’t yet know if gaming improved their memory and reactions, or if they already had good memories and reactions and therefore enjoyed gaming and played a lot. 4 The team could also perhaps find out in future if particular types of video games affect people’s brain activity differently. The lead scientist on the study, Bader Chaarani says that too much screen time is not good for people’s mental well being or physical health. It is still very important to spend time outdoors in the fresh air, taking exercise and having fun with friends and family. A．This means that people who play video games show more brain activity. B．Compared with scrolling through videos on YouTube, playing video games surely makes brain more active. C．However, a new study has revealed that video games might be good for brain development in young people. D．Not all of gaming’s effects on the brain are positive despite the activated brain. E．The scientists are hoping to carry on studying the same young people as they get older to track the effects of gaming. F．They were shown pictures of people’s faces and then, a bit later, were shown more and had to say if any of the faces were the same. Passage 3 （24-25高一下·上海·期中）Telephobia While picking up the phone when it rings may feel like a natural reaction, for many young people, answering a call has become an anxiety-inducing experience. Instead of calling, younger generations are relying on texts, voice notes, and social media to communicate, avoiding the spontaneity of real-time conversation, causing more and more people to be scared of making a phone call. The phenomenon even has a name — telephobia. Stephanie Wijkstrom, CEO and Founder of the Counseling and Wellness Center of Pittsburgh, told Newsweek: “ 1 . Those who experience it often exhibit anxiety, avoidance behaviors, and sometimes physical symptoms such as an elevated heart rate or perspiration when anticipating a phone call.” In a 2024 Uswitch survey of 2,000 U. K. adults, nearly 70 percent of those aged 18-34preferred texting over talking, with 23 percent admitting they never answer calls at all. The reluctance to pick up the phone is often linked to avoiding scam calls, but social factors also play a role. Wijkstrom explained: “In our digital age, texting and online messaging serve as our primary modes of communication, and we often feel less vulnerable and more comfortable than in a live conversation or phone call. 2 . As a result, phone calls, with their spontaneity, are perceived as overwhelming. 3 . Nottingham College in the U. K. has started running sessions to help students build their confidence on the phone. Its’ Five Steps to Telephone Confidence’ session was developed after career advisors noticed students struggling with phone interviews. Liz Baxter, a careers advisor at the college, told Newsweek: “It is increasingly difficult to make calls these days. Companies use virtual assistants, Al, and often direct customers to websites. Teenagers find it easier to text or leave voice notes, meaning they have fewer experiences with real-time conversation and response formulation.” Thankfully, beating telephobia is possible. Wijkstrom said: “With patience and intentional practice, telephobia can be overcome. 4 . Individuals can also slowly increase their exposure to phone calls in a low-pressure situation to desensitize an anxious response. Deep breathing before a call is one method to practice mindfulness, which can help regulate the nerves and reduce stress.” A．Plus, social media contributes to the environment of curated interactions. B．Telephobia is an intense fear or discomfort of phone calls. C．Exploring and understanding the root of the fear is a help ful starting position. D．Texts allow them to think and overthink their responses, hence their preference for this. E．In some places, there are already steps to tackle the issue of telephobia in young people. F．However, phone calls are believed to convey emotions more accurately than other forms of communication. 话题6 人与自然 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·上海·期中）An environmental group in Colombia is leading a project to save wild areas in the San Lucas mountains with the help of coffee growers. 1 Colombia has more different kinds of living things than any country after neighboring Brazil, but destruction of forests has increased since 2016. Government information shows that in 2017, almost 220,000 hectares of forest were destroyed compared to 124,000 hectares in 2015. Areas like San Lucas have been threatened by mining and growers of coca plants, which are used to make the drug cocaine. To date, the project includes 10 families who farm 400 hectares of coffee plants. WebConserva said the project costs about $77,000 dollars a year. The group said it hopes that, in time, 200 families will be included. At that level, 20,000 hectares of untouched forest could be protected. In San Lucas, the families promise not to cut down trees to expand their crops or to hunt wild animals from the forest. 2 Arcadio Barajas is among those taking part. His new coffee plantation establishes a barrier between cattle ranches and forests where wild animals like the jaguar live and hunt. The presence of the coffee fields reduces the possibility that there will be conflict between cattle ranchers and the big cats. Barajas said that cutting down the forest to plant coca and killing wildlife were against his faith. 3 “I’m taking care of the environment, the forest and the animals, so that I don’t end up ruined as well,” he said. Arnobis Romero is a former coca grower and miner. He said many families depended on illegal activities to support their children. For example, at times one kilogram of Coca could be sold for $760. Romero said, “We feel really proud to look after this biodiversity and to leave it... for future generations.” 4 But each year, hundreds of thousands of hectares of land are destroyed. Activists want San Lucas to be protected as a national park, but the process has been slow. A．In return, they receive $250 to $300 for 125 kilograms of coffee. B．It protects forests, biodiversity and ecosystems at the same time. C．Colombia has set aside 16 percent of its territory as protected land. D．Gold mining and coca farming make more money than coffee growing E．But now he feels that growing coffee lets him be a good steward (管理人) of the land. F．The goal is to limit additional development in the northern San Lucas area which is rich in biodiversity, meaning many forms of life live there. Passage 2 （24-25高一下·上海杨浦·期中）Deep Dives Free diving is a perilous sport. Divers, swimming underwater without oxygen tanks, frequently black out from low oxygen and put themselves at risk of drowning. Marine mammals such as seals, by contrast, can spend most of their lives below the surface without running such risks. A paper published in Science on March 20th explains why: seals can apparently sense how much oxygen they have in their blood and plan their actions accordingly. When a mammal holds its breath, the amount of oxygen in the body begins to decrease, while the amount of carbon dioxide steadily climbs. In humans low levels of oxygen mostly do not ring any alarm bells on their own — it is high levels of carbon dioxide that eventually produce the unpleasant urge to breathe. 1 . That led Chris McKnight, a marine biologist at the University of St Andrews, to wonder if the animals could also sense oxygen. To test the idea, he and his team placed six wild-caught seals in a tank which included an underwater feeding station at one end and a “breathing chamber”, in which the seals could pop up to breathe, at the other. The air in that chamber was then set to one of four conditions: normal air (21% oxygen and 0.04% carbon dioxide, plus other gases); air with reduced oxygen (11%); elevated oxygen (50%); and elevated carbon dioxide (8%). 2 . The results suggested otherwise. When there was more oxygen, the seals extended their dives by an average of 14 seconds. When there was less oxygen, they shortened them by roughly half a minute. 3 . In other words, the seals seemed able to perceive how much oxygen they had left and then adjust their dives. Dr McKnight believes that this ability may be common to marine mammals and other diving species, and could have evolved as an important defense against drowning. Previous studies suggest the tufted duck, snapping turtles and Nile crocodiles might be similarly sensitive. 4 . It is also unclear how diving animals might perceive oxygen differently from surface-dwelling animals and what it feels like to them. Andrew Binks, a physiologist at Virginia Tech, has previously shown that expert divers can use an impending sense of black-out, caused by low oxygen, as a cue to resurface. How seals perform the same feat, however, remains a mystery. A．The experiment demonstrated that seals rely equally on oxygen and carbon dioxide levels to regulate their dives. B．As seals dive more frequently and for longer than humans do, the range of carbon dioxide in their bodies varies more widely. C．Pinning down how widespread this ability is will take more research. D．If the seals were, like humans, more sensitive to carbon dioxide, their behavior would be identical in all but the final condition. E．Figuring out how the ability of sensing carbon dioxide evolved in different species needs further research. F．The high carbon dioxide condition, by contrast, produced no statistically significant effect. Passage 3 （23-24高一下·上海·期中）Monarch Butterflies Listed as Endangered The monarch butterfly, known for its legendary migration from Mexico to Canada, is now at great risk of extinction. According to the International Union for Conservation of Nature, the population of this orange-and-black insect has shrunk between 23% and 72% over the past 10 years. IUCN has labeled it as being endangered after having added it to its Red List of Threatened Species. 1 . In order to make space for agriculture and urban development, people have been illegally cutting down trees. As a result, the massive forested areas that had previously sheltered the butterflies during winter have now been destroyed. Another factor at play is the use of herbicides (除草剂) in agricultural fields. 2 . Just before leaving their overwintering grounds, females lay eggs on milkweed plants. But now milkweed is disappearing, and monarch caterpillars are losing their host plants. Climate change has also taken a heavy toll on the species. 3 . What’s worse, severe weather conditions such as hurricanes and storms are proving to be disastrous for the already vulnerable butterflies. Monarch experts are calling for the public’s help in the fight to save the species. “Few species inspire the awe and wonder that the migratory monarch butterfly commands,” said Dr. Sean T. O’Brien, President and CEO of Nature Serve. “While efforts to protect this species are encouraging, much is still needed to ensure its long-term survival.” What can be done to case the problem? A middle-of-the-road solution is gaining ground. Scientists recommend promoting the growth of native milkweed and nectar flowers. Monarch butterflies are a common backyard insect in America, so everyone can contribute their share.  — 4 . They can also plant flowers for monarchs. — Those flowers will provide nectar for monarchs when they bloom. A．People can plant milkweed to support their egg-laying and caterpillars. B．When they are caterpillars (幼虫), monarchs entirely depend on milkweed. C．Hence, local people should maintain thick forests and reduce the use of pesticides within the monarch’s range. D．The reasons for the threat to monarchs are varied, but the leading one is the decades-long destruction of its habitats. E．In a one-two punch, droughts have limited the growth of milkweed, thus threatening the butterflies’ overwintering habitats. F．To help ensure the survival of monarchs, the habitats of the Monarch butterfly need to be protected and conserved. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $