2026年中考英语语法复习学案之形容词副词

2026年中考语法复习——形容词与副词 形容词——主要考察：1.是否需要变副词 2.级别——比较级或最高级 3.动词或名词变为形容词 4.变成反义词 副词——主要考察 1.形容词+ly”的变化形式 2.非“ly”结尾副词的比较级或最高级 1.形容词在句中常见位置 1)形容词+名词——定语； 2)系动词be或半系动词+形容词——表语； 3)keep/make等+ sb./sth.+形容词——宾补 4)复合不定代词(something/someone等) +形容词——定语 2.注意： 1)be的两重身份：a. 助动词be ——be doing / be done / be going to——用_____________修饰 b. 系动词be e.g. She will be ______________(great) missed. // They are _____________(happy) playing over there. 2)常见半系动词：五官-________________________________________________________________________ 四变__________________________________; 三保持_______________________________ 半系动词和介词构成短语时，不再具有半系动词的特性。 eg. She looked______________(sad) at me. // She looked ______________(happy) because she failed the exam. 3.副词的位置 1)多数放在动词之后【注意区分“动词”是否为“半系动词”】 e.g. The cake tastes ___________, so it sells______________. (好) 2)放在句中的副词，如频度副词、also等，要放在______动词、______动词、______动词之后，______动词之前。 e.g. She _______________(也会) swim. 【高频错误】 We always should be ready to help others. (改错) 3)注意常见的“地点副词”，前面不用介词问题。【高频错误】 [home; here; there; anywhere; somewhere; upstairs楼上] e.g. We have lived in here for a long time. // Did you go to anywhere? (改错) I like here. (改错) 【地点副词不能做宾语】 4.形容词变副词规则 1)直接加ly 2)_____字母+y结尾，变y为i+ly lucky-____________ noisy-______________ 3)full-fully 4)以e结尾的单词，变副词的方法(重点记忆) a.去e加ly. true-________________ b.以le结尾，变le为ly. terrible-______________ gentle-_______________ simple-_____________ c.直接加ly. polite-_______________ wide-________________ safe-________________ 5.常见以ly结尾的形容词： lonely; lively; friendly; lovely; silly; ——比较级都是 “变y为i+er” 常见以ly结尾，既是形容词又是副词：daily; early; yearly每年；likely可能 6.常见既是形容词又是副词的词： hard (hardly几乎不); well (形容词-“身体好”) fast; late; early; high(移动、位置); low; straight; far; much; little wrong( -adv.拼错_____________; 回答错误____________); right (-adv.做得对___________________) 扩展： highly （程度上）高度地；非常 (评价、程度) think highly of sb./sth. 高度赞赏 // be highly praised for… 因…受到高度赞扬 6.常见的动词或名词变为形容词 1)通过动词变成-ed或-ing形容词：excite-excited-exciting; interest-interested-interesting; tire-tired-tiring bore-bored-boring; urprise-surprised-surprising; scare-scared-scary(特殊情况) talent-talented; 2)通过“动词+able”构成的形容词：value-valuable; believe-believable; enjoy-enjoyable; change-changeable 3)通过“名词+ful / less”构成形容词：care-careful-careless; use-useful-useless; meaning-meaningful-meaningless help-helpful-helpless; thank-thankful; peace-peaceful; regret-regretful cheer-cheerful; harm-harmful; wonder-wonderful; colour-colourful pain-painful; skill-skillful; power-powerful; success-successful 4)通过“名词+y”构成的形容词：sun-sunny; rain-rainy; health-healthy; friend-friendly; love-lovely; luck-lucky sleep-sleepy; 特殊noise-noisy; ice-icy; anger-angry; hunger-hungry 【注意： honest(adj.) – honesty(n.); modest(adj.) – modesty(n.); safe(adj.) – safety(n.) 】 5)其他 north-northern; east-eastern; south-southern; west-western; danger-dangerous lose-lost; break-broken; freeze-frozen; know-known; act-active; forget-forgotten; sleep-sleeping; run-running 7.常见的通过增加词缀变成反义词的形容词 1)un前缀 unhappy; unlucky; uncomfortable; unusual; unable; unfair; unkind; unnecessary; unpopular 2)in前缀 inexpensive; informal(非正式); 3)im前缀 impossible; impolite; impatient 4)dis前缀 dishonest; disloyal; dissatisfied; disadvantage 8.常见形容词句式 1)It’s + adj. + of sb. + to do sth. 某人做某事是…的。【形容词描述“人的品性”，如brave; kind】 2)It’s + adj. + for sb. + to do sth. 某人做某事是…的。【形容词描述“做的事”，如easy; possible】 3)sb./sth. + be + too + adj. + to do… 某人/某物太…而不能做… 4)sb. + be + so + adj. + that + 句子. 某人如此…以至于… 9.答题建议：见到形容词，先考虑____________________, 再考虑_________________ 特别注意：不是看到前面有冠词a/an/the就用形容词，一定要看全局。 不是看到系动词或半系动词后面就一定用形容词。 Norman Bethune is a ______________(wide) known doctor. The boy is _______________(terrible) ill. 7.形容词副词的级别变化（比较级和最高级——重点考察） 1)比较级最高级的构成 a. 单音节词，直接加-er / -est 【fun除外——more fun – most fun】 b. 不发音字母e结尾，加-r / -st c. 辅音字母+y结尾，变y为i加-er / est （重点考察） e.g. dry-____________-____________; easy-_____________-____________; d. 一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节，双写末尾字母加-er / est 【即“(辅)辅元辅”-末尾辅音wxy除外】（重点考察） e.g. big-____________-____________; thin-_____________-____________; low-____________-____________ e. 所有多音节(三及以上个音节)，加more / most f. 双音节词，一般来说，以ed, ing, ous, ful, less, able), 结尾的，加more / most 【通过加ly构成的副词，也加more / most】 【特殊记忆：more polite; more loyal; more fun; more pleasant; more active】 e.g. tired-________________-________________; famous-________________-________________ g. good/well-________________-_______________ many/much-__________________-___________________ bad/badly/ill-______________-_______________ far-__________-__________或-__________-___________ little-____________________-_______________ old-__________-__________或-__________-___________ 8.形容词和副词原级 1.)和…一样 __________________ 【对比 the same + 名词 + as 】 e.g. 我和他一样高。__________________________________=______________________________________________ 他画的和我们一样好。___________________________________________________________________________ 2) not as/so…as 意思是__________________ e.g. 他写的不如你细心。_____________________________________________________________________________ 他看上去不如你漂亮。___________________________________________________________________________ 3)尽可能… ____________________________=___________________________________ 你应该尽可能多的说英语。_________________________________________________________________________ 4)quite / rather / very / too / so + 原级； a little / a bit 可以加原级 9.形容词和副词比较级 1)比较级在_________者间进行。一般出现 ______________. e.g. A与B，谁更重？_______________________________________________________________________________ 你比我胖。_____________________________________________________________________________________ 我奶奶走路比以前慢了。_________________________________________________________________________ 2)常用句式 a.越来越…_____________________________ e.g. 越来越高__________________________________； 越来越漂亮_____________________________________ b.越…，越…___________________________ e.g. 越多越好。____________________________________________________ The more careful you are, the __________________(few) mistakes you will make. c.比其他任何…都…____________________________________________【同一范围内】 【_____的作用“排除自身”】 e.g.中国比亚洲任何其他国家都大。__________________________________________________________________ 对比1： any other + 名词复数——一些其他的… e.g. 你学习其他的一些语言吗？____________________________________________________________________ 对比2：比 + than any + 名词单数——比其他任何… 【不在同一范围】 e.g. 中国比非洲任何国家都大。____________________________________________________________________ d. The population of China is larger than ____________in Japan. 在比较句中，________代替前文提到的不可数名词或名单，复数用__________. f. much =a lot；even；far + 比较级【重点考察】； a little + 原级或比较级 10.形容词和副词最高级 1)形容词最高级前加the; 副词最高级前的the常常省略。 2)最高级在________________中进行； 标志in; of; among (表示范围i) ______China; _____my class; _____us; ______all; ______all the boys; among us e.g. 所有学科中，物理最有趣。____________________________________________________________________ 他是我们班最高的。__________________________________________________________________________ 3)常用句式 a. …是最…的…之一______________________________________________________ e.g. 上海是中国最大的城市之一。________________________________________________________________ b.第几最…______________________________________________________________ e.g. 在加拿大，汉语是第三最普遍的语言。________________________________________________________ c. This is + the + 形容词最高级+ 名词 + that I have ever done. 这是我曾经…的最…的… e.g. This is the ________________________(interesting) book that I have ever read. 练习 I have two friends. One is Susan, and the other is Anna. I am the 1. ____________ (old) of three. I often look after them like an elder sister. And Anna is 2. ____________ (tall) than Susan. This summer holiday, I invited them to my grandparents’ house to enjoy the 3. ____________ (peace) country life. We tried specials in a local restaurant. Anna said that it was the 4. ____________ (good) restaurant that she had ever known. We also saw the Changjiang River — the 5. ____________ (long) river in China. At night, while watching the stars in the sky, Susan said, “I have never seen a 6. ______________________________(beautiful) sky!” We always learn from each other and make ourselves become 7. ____________ (excellent) than before. We believe that the 8. ____________ (much) we help each other, the better we will be. ****************************************************************************************************** Many people post things online. Online sharing is a part of our 1. ____________ (day) life now. Different kinds of apps and websites make communication 2. ____________ (easy) than before. We can share what has happened 3. ____________ (recent) with others. We can also give 4. ____________ (person) opinions on what we see. The Internet connects us with friends, family, and even people in other countries 5. ____________ (close). Sometimes, when we win a prize in a singing competition or do 6. ____________ (good) in a test, we may share the happy news. At times, when we take photos of 7. ____________ (beauty) views, we might also post them to share. However, not everything shared online is kind. Some can be unfriendly. Those unkind words may be 8. ____________ (polite) to others. Maybe people just want to play a joke and make others laugh. But these are not good reasons. Good sharing can make the online world warm and 9. ____________ (friend), while bad ones can bring trouble to others. So when we share something on the Internet, we should ask ourselves 10. ____________ (serious) whether the things we post are proper or not. Think twice before sharing. We should be responsible for what we share online. ****************************************************************************************************** Once upon a time, there was a huge oak tree near a river. The oak tree considered himself as the 1. ______in the world. “Whatever difficulty there will be, I can survive till the end. There is nobody as strong as I am.” He was very 2. ______about that. One day, a big rainstorm came. Watching the other trees fall down one by one, the oak tree was not 3. ______ at all. Instead, he was very 4. ______. “Nothing is going to happen to me.” However, after a while, the oak tree was blown down into the river by a 5. ______wind. Flowing on the water, the oak tree was very sad and thought, “How can I end up like this?” As it was swept away by the river, the oak tree passed by a field of reeds (芦苇). The reeds were 6. ______standing there after the windstorm. “Oh, Mr Reed! How did you survive the windstorm with your weak body?” The oak tree said to one of the reeds. He admired the reeds very much. The reed 7. ______ said to the oak tree, “Mr Oak Tree, you thought that you were the strongest in the world, right? The wind brings down anything that is too 8. ______to bow his head.” Another reed added, “We never think 9. ______of ourselves but lower our heads when we come across a windstorm. If you had lowered your head 10. ______, you would have survived the windstorm.” 1. A. tallest B. weakest C. smallest D. strongest 2. A. angry B. worried C. certain D. careful 3. A. patient B. happy C. serious D. scared 4. A. excited B. confident C. surprised D. moved 5. A. small B. gentle C. strong D. soft 6. A. still B. quietly C. wisely D. even 7. A. sadly B. kindly C. easily D. angrily 8. A. proud B. afraid C. common D. active 9. A. luckily B. clearly C. highly D. loudly 10. A. never B. seldom C. hardly D. sometimes 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $