2026年河北省中考英语语法复习之动词

2026年中考语法复习——动词 动词——考察重点【语态、时态、非谓语】 先考虑_______________还是_________________. 1.谓语动词——考虑_____________和_______________. 1)被动语态只考三种时态：_______________________ _______________________ _______________________ 2)主动语态会考6种时态：_______________________ ______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ 2.非谓语动词——考虑____________，即_______________________; 中考非谓语动词只考____________________. 3.考虑时态时注意 1)不要过于相信某个时间状语，大多时间状语可通用于几种时态，要从时态概念入手考虑。 e.g. 频度副词可以用于一般现在和一般过去；for几乎可以用于各种时态 2)一定注意“时间状语从句(when;while等)”“条件状语从句(if; unless等)”的原则对于本句时态的影响。 【一般来说：“主将、情、祈从现——从现主将” “主过从过——从过主过”】 注意：条件状语从句和时间状语从句中要分清用的是哪个原则，要考虑 “从现主将——从句触发主句未来动作”，“主现从现——陈述事物的固有影响”。 e.g. If you lie, it ________________(mean) you don’t respect others. If you lie to him tomorrow, it _________________(mean) you lose his trust. I think the movie is not just fun to watch but also teaches me a lot. It _________________(encourage)me to stay brave when I face challenges. 3)一定要观察上下句的时态，如果上下句时态不一样，考虑具体用什么时态来承接。 4)有双引号时，里面的时态不受外面影响。 5) when除了意为“当…时”外，还有“在那时=and then suddenly”的意思，表示 “突然发生”：常用于 “be doing... when...” 结构，意为 “正在做…这时突然…”。】 e.g. I ___________________(read) a book when the phone rang. John Lavin, a neighbor_________________(drive) nearby on the way to the store when he heard the shouting. 练习 1) Tom often _______________(visit) his grandparents when he was young. 2)We would play on the playground. Tom __________(like) playing basketball. But others preferred to play football. 3)At first, we felt it really hard to learn. And we often ___________(laugh). But later I realized it was not difficult to learn. 4)Rick _____________(like) collecting watches and clocks. He collected his first clock five years ago. 5)At the same time, my mom and I went shopping. And we put everything in the fridge when we _____________ (get) home. 6)She________________________(exercise) for 30 minutes every morning. 7.We_______________(wait) for the bus for nearly an hour yesterday. 8.They will travel to Beijing and they _________________(stay) there for a week. 9.I ______________________(know) her for more than 10 years. 10.He_____________(like) spicy food now, though he didn’t love it as a kid. 11.We__________________(finish) the project now, so we can relax. 12 She ____________________(live) in this city for 3 years now. 一般现在时 1.一般现在时概念： 1)经常性、反复性、习惯性的动作 【常见时间状语：never, sometimes, often, usually, always, every …, once a week等频度副词】 2)亘古不变的客观事实、普遍真理或自然规律 3)人或物具有的状态、特征或能力 4)表固定安排/计划——时间表、日程表中确定的未来动作（如列车时刻、课程安排） 5)在条件、时间状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来 e.g. If it __________(rain) tomorrow, I won’t go with you. 2.主语三单，动词尾巴缀s 注意：【“辅音字母+y”，变y为i+es】【以___________________结尾，加es】【第三人称没有“双写”规则】 3.特别注意：出现sometimes, often, always, once a year, every day 这样的频度副词，并不能决定是否用一般现在时，也可能用一般过去时。一定注意句中其他谓语动词或前后句的谓语动词。 e.g. Tom often _______________(visit) his grandparents when he was young. 一般过去时 1.常见时间状语：yesterday; last…; …ago; just now; once-曾经；two days later-多用于过去 2.过去式的构成注意 【辅音字母+y，变y为i+ed】【三或四个字母时，__________或____________(末尾字母________除外) 的双写问题】 【5及以上字母的常见双写：prefer, regret; control; begin; forget; admit】【travel-led或travel-ed; cancel-led或cancel-ed】 3.注意动词过去式和原形一致的词，放在单数主语后的问题。 e.g. The boy put down his bag and ______________(eat) an apple. She read the letter carefully twice. And she ____________(cry) quietly when she knew the good news. 4.注意时间状语从句中，从过主过；主过从过。 e.g. They_________________(be)there before others came to North America. 5.特别注意：在since引导的时间状语从句中，主句用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时(句子或短语) e.g. I_________________(live) here since I __________(be) born. 6.可以使用used to + do 表示过去的习惯。 一般将来时 (考察一般使用will+do的结构) 1.常见的时间状语：tomorrow, next…, soon, in+时间段(in two days 两天后) 2.表示某种必然趋势用将来时。Fish will die without water. 没有水鱼就会死。 3.will表示客观性-年龄等；be going to 表示计划、打算或根据现象推测。 e.g. She _________(be) 18 years old next month. // Look at the black clouds. It___________________(rain). 4.注意在条件状语从句(if; unless)和时间状语从句中，从现主将。 e.g. If he doesn’t attend the party, neither______________I. 5.注意在情景交际题目中，用will问则用will答；be going to答则用be going to 问。 e.g. A:_________________________________________________________ B: I’m going to the classroom. 6.注意Let’s go home. 变一般疑问句______________________________________________ e.g. Let’s meet at school at 8:00 a.m. –提问_________________________________________ 7.注意回答祈使句，用will 或 won’t. e.g. -Don’t talk in class! - ___________________________. (好的，我不会了。) 现在进行时 1.现在进行时表示“现在”或“现阶段”正在进行的动作。 2.构成：be + doing(现在分词) 3.常见时间状语“现在”-now； right now现在；at the moment现在 “现阶段”-this week； these days【现阶段的时间状语，也可以用于现在完成时】 注意：有时要根据句意或上下文推测出。 e.g. Don’t go out. It__________________(rain) outside. She asks us to be quiet because the baby ____________________(sleep). 注意：有now不一定是现在进行时。 Now I understand what you said. /　 She lives in Beijing now. 4.注意现在分词构成中： 1)三或四个字母构成的单词，注意 “(辅)辅元辅”-最后辅音____________除外——双写问题 五及以上个字母构成的单词，常见的双写的有： begin-beginning; admit-admitting; regret-regretting; forget-forgetting; prefer-preferring; control-controlling 2)特殊的现在分词：lie-_______________; die-_______________; tie-_______________ 3)注意：现在分词没有“辅音字母+y，变y为i”的原则。 练习：write-_______________; wait-________________; eat-______________; study-________________ 5.注意“主谓一致”be动词的单复数问题。【英语中没有书名号，以斜体的方式表示。】 e.g. His painting Sunflowers _______________(fill) with lively yellows and browns. 6.位移动词-fly; leave; come; go; move 可以用进行时的结构表示将来时的概念。 现在完成时 1.常见时间状语： 已经(肯定) ________(句中); 已经(一般疑问句); 还(否定) ________ ; 曾经_________(句中); 刚刚_________(句中) 最近___________；以前从没…_________________；到目前为止_________________; 近年来____________________ 在过去两年里____________________________________ 这是我第一次… -This is the first time that + 现完 这是我曾经怎样最…的 –This is the best book that I have ever read. 2.现在完成时表示过去发生的事情，对现在___________________. 【有后果的前因——________部分用现完】 注意：出现过去的时间状语一定是过去时态 e.g. I _____________(lose)the key to the bike, so I can’t ride my bike now. I _____________(lose)the key to the bike just now, so I can’t ride my bike now. 3.现在完成时表示过去发生的事情，持续到现在或更久。——动词需要考虑延续性。 常见时间状语：______+时间段； since+______时间或_________时态的句子 (自从…) e.g. We _____________________(live) here since we _______________(move) here. 特别注意：since then 自从那时，then表示的过去。 Since then, they _______________(be) friends. 注意：使用延续性动词的前提条件：出现for, since-自从;how long; while 4.现在完成时表示到目前为止经历过的事情（可能发生过一次或多次） 常见时间状语：twice; many times; never 等。 5.去了…_______________________(不延续)； 去过… _____________________(不延续) 去某地多久_____________________(延续) e.g. 你曾经去过那里吗？________________________________________ 6.注意：现在完成时和一般过去时，都是“过去的起点”，但一般过去时只表示动作在过去某一时刻发生，不表示和现在的关系，现在的情况可能已经发生改变；而现在完成时强调的是现在的情况。 过去进行时 常见时间状语：at that time在那时；at this time yesterday; at 8:00 last night(小时间点+大过去时间段)； 时间状语从句中 e.g. When I came in, they _______________________(talk). 上下语境 e.g. –I called you just now but there was no reply.–I________________(watch) TV. 练习 A Meg Lowman 1. _____________ (love) leaves since her childhood. As a scientist, she decided to study the highest parts of rainforest trees. No one had done this much before, especially women. Though she knew that would be dangerous and challenging, she 2. ___________ (want) to try. In the 1980s, she went to Australia's Daintree Rainforest, where the trees were as tall as buildings. There, she 3. _____________ (become) the first woman to climb tall trees. One day, while she 4. _____________ (climb) a huge tree with ropes, it suddenly rained heavily. The tree trunk became as slippery as soap, but she held the rope tightly and moved slowly upward. “I can do this,” she told herself. When she reached the treetop, she found a lively place: birds 5. ______________ (sing) loudly, little insects were moving on the leaves, and the trees were releasing water into the air like a small cloud. What an amazing world it was! Meg realized that trees 6. ______________ (be) like homes for many animals and help make the air clean. But sadly, many forests are cut down every year. She 7. ___________ (hope) people can understand their importance and take action to save them. Meg 8. ________________ (spend) more than 30 years studying treetops. Her research shows how much forests help the Earth stay healthy. In the future, she 9. _______________ (start) new projects to teach people about these “green skies”. B During the Chinese New Year, one of the most exciting traditions for children is receiving lucky money in red envelopes (红包). This tradition is not just about getting money. It 1. ________________ (carry) deep cultural meanings and family love. Long ago, people 2. _____________ (believe) that bad things might harm children. To protect them, adults put coins in red paper. The red color 3. ___________ (scare) away bad luck and the coins 4. __________ (bring) safety. The coins 5. __________ (become) paper money for years. If grandparents, parents, and relatives give red envelopes, they 6. ______________ (say) kind words like "Wish you health and happiness." Even with modern changes, like digital red envelopes on phones, the most important part of this tradition 7. _____________ (remain) the same. Families gather, share joy, and pass down love through these bright red envelopes. It 8. ___________ (teach) young people to value family relations. C In my life, a person who has influenced me most is my father. He is a model for me. Now I 1. __________ (tell) you about his story. My father is in his fifties. He 2. ___________ (stay) in a local factory for years. You will not find anything unusual about him until you learn more. He 3. _____________ (work) carefully all the time, so he is respected by his colleagues. My father has always been kind and helpful. He has fun talking with old people. Once the bell rang when we 4. ____________ (eat) dinner. There was something wrong with my neighbor's computer. He stopped eating to help. He 5. _______________ (give) our TV to a family who could not afford one. He cares for the children who have lost their parents. Whenever he has some money left, he 6. ______________ (give) it to someone in need. How kind my father is! 被动语态 1.中考只考三种时态的被动语态，即___________________、___________________、___________________ 2.take place-举办/发生； happen；come true； belong to 没有被动语态 3.半系动词，如look; feel; smell; sound等没有被动语态 4.open, write, wash; sell 等主语为物，用主动表示被动。 e.g. The door won’t open. 门开不开了。 // The pen writes smoothly. 钢笔写起来很顺滑 The cake sells well. 5.sth. need + doing = sth. need to be done 某物需要被… 6.主动中宾语补足语用动词原形的，被动加to. make sb. do – sth. be made to do 7.某些特殊结构： It’s said that… 据说； It’s reported that… 据报到； It’s believed that…人们相信/大家认为/据悉/ It’s known that… 众所周知；It's thought that...人们认为/大家觉得 . It's expected that...人们期待/预计 8.如果把被动语态中的be动词去掉，“done…”一般可以用作后置定语。 I like the book written by him. 我喜欢他写的书。 // I have a friend named Tom. 我有个叫做Tom的朋友。 非谓语动词 1.非谓语动词包括： 动词不定式（to do…; do-省略to的动词不定式）；动名词（doing）；分词（现在分词doing和过去分词done） 中考只考________________ 2.动词不定式作宾语：I want to play with you. 动词不定式作宾补：Our teacher asked us to discuss the questions. 动词不定式作目的状语：We went to the park to fly kites. 3.省略to的动词不定式： 1)使役动词 make; let; have sb. + do… 2)感官动词 see; watch; hear; feel; notice sb. + do 【也可以接doing】 3)其他：had better do; why not do； 4.否定非谓语动词直接在在前面加not， 即 not to do; not do; not doing; not done 5.动名词——作主语——作文一定一定要注意 注意动名词否定式作主语：Not knowing yourself is a terrible thing. 6.to为介词的短语 look forward to doing; be/get used to doing; when it comes to doing; pay attention to doing; adapt to doing; the key to doing; lead to doing; prefer doing…to doing… 7.常见接doing作宾语的动词：consider; imagine; avoid; enjoy; finish; keep; mind; suggest; practice; can’t help禁不住； be worth doing; have trouble doing 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $