内容正文:
编写说明:基于中职学生英语知识不牢固、学习内驱力不够的学情特点,为了更好地提高学生的学习效率,辅助教师们抓好课前、课中、课后三个教学环节,本专辑深度解读最新的《中等职业学校英语课程标准》,匠心打造了契合全国职教高考命题特色的【四川专用】《英语 基础模块3》(高教版第三版)《一课一练》专辑,专辑共40练。
本卷为《英语 基础模块3》(高教版第三版) Unit 2 Community Life (Language Practice)的课前预习和课堂检测。
《英语 基础模块3》(高教版第三版)
Unit 2 Community Life
一课一练(10) Language Practice
【课前预习】
定语从句
语法 精讲
在句子中起定语作用、修饰句中的名词或代词的从句称为定语从句, 被修饰的名词或代词称为先行词。定语从句由关系代词或关系副词引导。当关系代词作定语从句的主语时, 其后的谓语动词的人称和数取决于先行词的人称和数。
定语从句一般位于先行词的后面, 定语从句由关系代词who, whom, whose, which, that, as和关系副词 when, where, why 等引导。关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中担任一个成分。
1. 关系代词引导的定语从句
(1)who指人, 在定语从句中作主语。
That is the man who teaches us English.
那位就是教我们英语的那个人。
(2)whom指人, 在定语从句中作宾语, 此时常可省略。
The professor(whom)you wish to see has come.
你想见的那位教授已经来了。
(3)whose通常指人, 也可指事物, 在定语从句中作定语。
This is the scientist whose name is known all over the country.
这就是那位闻名全国的科学家。
(4)which指事物, 在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语。作宾语, 且不直接跟在介词后时which可省略。
A dictionary is a book which gives the meaning of words.
词典是解释词语的书。
This is the book which I bought yesterday.
这是我昨天买的书。
She is very patient with the children, which her husband seldom is.
她对孩子们很有耐心, 她丈夫很少这样。
(5)that既可指人又可指物, 在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语。作宾语时, that常可省略。
She is the only one among us that knows French.
她是我们当中唯一懂法语的人。
(6)as可以用作关系代词, 既可以单独引出定语从句, 又可与主句中的the same或such相呼应, 从句中谓语动词常省略。
We jumped for joy at the news, as was natural.
我们听到消息时高兴地跳了起来, 这是很自然的事情。
2. 关系副词引导的定语从句
(1)when表示时间, 其先行词往往是表示时间的名词(如time, day, hour, year等)
From the time when he was little, he had known what he wanted to be when he grew up.
从小时候起, 他就已经知道长大后想做什么。
(2)where表示地点, 其先行词往往是表示地点的名词(如place, room, house, street, area 等)。
Is this the room where we lived last winter?
这就是我们去年冬天住过的房间吗?
(3)why表示原因, 常用在先行词reason后面。
I don't know the reason why she looks unhappy today.
我不知道为什么她今天看上去不高兴。
3. 关系代词前带介词的定语从句
(1)关系代词which, whom在定语从句中作介词的宾语时, 从句常由“介词+which(或whom)”引出。
Great changes are taking place in the city in which they live.
他们所居住的城市正在发生着巨大的变化。
This is the teacher from whom we've learnt a lot.
这就是让我们学到很多东西的那位老师。
(2)定语从句也可以由“名词(或代词或数词)+介词+which(whom)"引出。
The house the windows of which were damaged has now been repaired.
窗子遭破坏的那幢房子现在已经被修理好了。
4. 只能使用that引导定语从句的情况关系代词that和which都可以引导定语从句, 它们所代替的先行词都可以是表事物的名词或代词。which和that引导的定语从句在句子中都可以作主语、宾语或表语。但是, 关系代词that和which引导的定语从句还是有区别的, 以下四种类型的定语从句只能用 that 引导。
(1)当先行词是不定代词时, 如all, much, something, anything, everything, little, none等词时, 定语从句引导词多用that。
Tell me everything that you know about it.
把你知道的都告诉我。
(2)先行词被序数词或形容词最高级或由the only, last, any, few, same, no, some 等修饰时, 应该用that。
To face fear is the only method that really works.
面对恐惧是唯一真正行之有效的方法。(先行词method由the only修饰, 所以应该用that。)
The present moment is the best gift that you can give yourself.
此时此刻是你能给自己的最好礼物。(先行词gift由最高级best修饰, 此时应该用that。)
(3)当关系代词在限定性从句中用作表语时, 要用 that。
He is not the simple-minded man that he was five years ago.
他不再是五年前那个头脑简单的人了。
(4)当并列的两个先行词分别指人和物时, 需要用 that。
He was watching the children and parcels that filled the car.
他看着车上的孩子和包裹。
5. 做定语从句试题的技巧
(1)是定语从句还是其他从句。从句意和句法功能等方面去考虑。
(2)是用关系代词还是关系副词。关系代词和关系副词的选择主要看关系词在句中的句法功能。一般说来, 关系代词主要用作主语和宾语; 关系副词主要用作状语。
(3)受定语从句修饰的先行词是指人还是指物, 是作主语还是作宾语等。
(4)关系代词可否省略。通常情况下, 只有定语从句中用作宾语的关系代词才能省略。
(5)是限制性定语从句还是非限制性定语从句。关系代词 that 以及关系副词 why 等均不能引导非限制性定语从句。
(6)在“介词+which”结构中, 介词的正确选择主要看相关名词和动词的习惯搭配。
【课堂检测】
一、单项选择
1.November 11 is coming. Sandy, ________ other girls, ________ shopping online.
A.like, like B.likes, like C.like, likes D.likes, likes
【答案】C
【详解】句意:11月11日就要到了。和其他女孩一样,桑迪喜欢在网上购物。
like喜欢(动词);像(介词)。根据“November 11 is coming. Sandy, …other girls”可知,第一空指像其他女孩一样,所以第一空填介词like。第二空表示“喜欢购物”,主语Sandy是第三人称单数形式,动词用第三人称单数形式likes。
2.—How was your trip to the ancient village?
—Wonderful! We ________ a traditional dance show and tasted local food.
A.watch B.are watching C.will watch D.watched
【答案】D
【详解】句意:——你去古村落的旅行怎么样?——太棒了!我们观看了一场传统舞蹈表演,还品尝了当地美食。
watch观看;are watching正在观看;will watch将要观看;watched观看了。根据问句中的“was”和答句中并列的“tasted” 可知,此处描述过去发生的动作,应用一般过去时,应填watched。
3.—What are you saving money for?
—Mother’s Day is coming soon. I ________ a gift for my mother.
A.buy B.buying C.bought D.am going to buy
【答案】D
【详解】句意:——你存钱是为了什么?——母亲节快到了。我打算给我妈妈买一份礼物。
根据“Mother’s Day is coming soon”可知,母亲节即将到来,存钱是为了将来的计划,“买礼物”这一动作尚未发生,应用一般将来时,be going to do表示“打算做某事”。
4.—What ________ if we can’t reach an agreement on the team logo?
—We can ask our teacher for advice.
A.happen B.happens C.will happen D.happened
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——如果我们在团队标志上无法达成一致会发生什么?——我们可以向老师寻求建议。
根据“if we can’t reach an agreement on the team logo”可知,此句为if引导的条件状语从句,遵循“主将从现”原则,即主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时,所以第一空应该用一般将来时,结构为“will+动词原形”,应填will happen。
5.—Where is your father?
—Oh, he ________ his car.
A.clean B.cleans C.cleaned D.is cleaning
【答案】D
【详解】句意:——你父亲在哪里?——哦,他正在洗他的车。
根据“Where is your father?”可知,询问的是父亲此刻的去向,答语应表示他正在进行的动作,需用现在进行时,应填is cleaning。
6.He ________ TV when his mother came back home yesterday.
A.watch B.watches C.was watching D.watched
【答案】C
【详解】句意:昨天当他妈妈回到家的时候,他正在看电视。
根据“when his mother came back home yesterday”可知,句子描述的是过去某个时刻正在发生的动作,应该用过去进行时,其结构是“was/were+doing”,主语是“He”,应填was watching。
7.— Don’t forget to help clean the living room after school.
— I see, Mom. You _______ me many times.
A.remind B.reminded C.will remind D.have reminded
【答案】D
【详解】句意:——放学后不要忘记帮忙打扫客厅。——我知道了,妈妈。你已经提醒我很多次了。
标志词“many times”表示动作从过去持续到现在,强调对现在造成的影响,时态为现在完成时,结构为have/has+过去分词,因此应填入have reminded。
8.— My sister is always worried about the animals in the zoo.
— There is no need to worry about them. They________ good care of by zookeepers.
A.were taken B.took C.are taken D.take
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——我妹妹总是担心动物园里的动物。 ——没必要担心它们,它们被饲养员照顾得很好。
1. 语态:动物是“被照顾”的对象,因此要用被动语态(be + 过去分词),排除主动形式的B(took)和D(take)。2.时态:对话描述的是现在的常规状态,用一般现在时,所以选择are taken;而A(were taken)是一般过去时的被动,不符合语境。3.固定搭配:take good care of表示“好好照顾”,其被动形式为be taken good care of。
9.—When was it invented?
—It ________ in 1885.
A.invented B.is invented C.was invented D.has invented
【答案】C
【详解】句意:—它是什么时候被发明的?—它是在 1885 年被发明的。
主语It指代物,与动词invent之间是被动关系,需用被动语态(be+过去分词);时间状语in 1885表示过去的时间,需用一般过去时,且主语It为单数,be动词用was。应选was invented。
10.The new library ________ in our school next month. It will be open to all students.
A.will build B.builds C.will be built D.is built
【答案】C
【详解】句意:新图书馆将于下个月在我们学校建成。它将向所有学生开放。
根据“next month”可知,句子应用一般将来时,主语“The new library”与动词“build”之间是被动关系,表示“被建造”,因此句子应用一般将来时的被动语态,其谓语结构为“will be+过去分词”,“build”的过去分词是“built”。应填will be built。
11.It was announced that only when the fire was under control ________ to return to their homes.
A.the residents would be permitted B.had the residents been permitted
C.would the residents be permitted D.the residents had been permitted
【答案】C
【详解】句意:据宣布,只有当火势得到控制,居民们才被允许返回自己的家园。
考查过去将来时的被动语态和倒装句。分析“It was announced that only when the fire was under control…to return to their homes.”可知,火势得到控制才可以回家,主句是过去时,所以从句用过去将来时;主语the residents是动作permit的承受者,应使用过去将来时的被动语态;that从句中,“only+状语从句”位于句首,要用倒装语序。故选C。
12.Look! The room ________ by the workers.
A.is being cleaned B.cleans C.is cleaning D.was cleaned
【答案】A
【详解】句意:看!工人们正在打扫这个房间。
句首Look!是现在进行时的典型标志,强调动作正在发生。主语The room是动作clean的承受者,且有被动标志词by the workers,故必须使用被动语态。现在进行时的被动语态结构为am/is/are+being+过去分词。
13.The Confucius Temple in Nanjing ________ as an important cultural landmark for centuries.
A.has been regarded B.is regarded
C.was regarded D.will be regarded
【答案】A
【详解】句意:南京夫子庙几个世纪以来一直被视为重要的文化地标。
根据时间状语“for centuries”可知,动作或状态从过去持续到现在,应用现在完成时;主语“The Confucius Temple”与动词regard之间是被动关系,故用现在完成时的被动语态has been regarded。
二、词汇拼写
14.In the past few days, books written by the teenage boy ________ (sell) out.
【答案】have been sold
【详解】句意:在过去的几天里,这个少年写的书已经售罄。时间状语In the past few days是现在完成时的标志词,主语books与sell之间为被动关系,应用现在完成时的被动语态,主语books为复数,故填have been sold。
15.The work ________ (do) by them at that time.
【答案】was being done
【详解】句意:当时他们正在做这项工作。根据“at that time”可知,句子描述的是过去某个时刻正在进行的动作,所以要用过去进行时。又因为“work”和“do”之间是被动关系,即工作是被做的,所以要用过去进行时的被动语态,其结构是“was/were+being+过去分词”。主语“The work”是单数,所以用“was”,“do”的过去分词是“done”。故填was being done。
16.The letter ________ (write) by her now.
【答案】is being written
【详解】句意:这封信现在正在由她写。时间状语now说明动作正在进行,要用现在进行时;主语the letter是“被写”,要用被动语态;现在进行时的被动语态结构是:am/is/are+being+动词过去分词;主语the letter是单数,be动词用is,write的过去分词是written,故填is being written。
17.The storyteller told the children the story ________ (tell) in 3 months.
【答案】would be told
【详解】句意:讲故事的人告诉孩子们故事将在3个月后讲。根据“The storyteller told”和“in 3 months”可知,时态为过去将来时;主语the story与所给词tell之间是动宾关系,需用被动语态。所以本句用过去将来时的被动语态。故填would be told。
18.The tent ________ (break) by some monkeys, so they had to fix it.
【答案】was broken
【详解】句意:帐篷被一些猴子弄坏了,所以他们不得不修理它。后半句中had表明句子时态是一般过去时,主语The tent“帐篷”和动词break“破坏”之间是被动关系,此处应使用一般过去时的被动语态,结构为was/were+过去分词,主语tent是单数,助动词用was;break的过去分词是broken。
19.Jill is often ________(mistake) for her sister because they look much alike.
【答案】mistaken
【详解】句意:吉尔经常被误认为是她的姐妹,因为她们长得非常像。句中“is often…for”为被动语态结构,表示“被误认为是……”。固定搭配“mistake...for...”意为“把……错认成……”,其被动形式为“be mistaken for”。mistake的过去分词形式为mistaken。
20.When I got to the cinema, the film ________ (begin) already.
【答案】had begun
【详解】句意:当我到达电影院时,电影已经开始了。“到达”是过去发生的动作,“电影开始”发生在“到达”之前,表示“过去的过去”,应用过去完成时,故填had begun。
21.It is said that the local government ________ the air quality over the years. (improve)
【答案】has improved
【详解】句意:据说当地政府这些年来一直在改善空气质量。句中“over the years”为时间状语,提示动作从过去持续到现在,应用现在完成时,improve“改善”,主语“the local government”为单数,现在完成时结构为has+动词过去分词,improve的过去分词直接在词尾加-d。
22.—Remember how we met for the first time, Dick?
—Of course I do. You ________ (walk) to the teachers’ office hurriedly and didn’t notice me.
【答案】were walking
【详解】句意:——迪克,还记得我们第一次见面吗?——当然记得。你当时正匆忙走向教师办公室,没注意到我。此处描述过去某一时刻正在进行的动作,用过去进行时,主语是you,be动词用were,walk的现在分词是walking。
23.The head teacher is ________ (present) him with a gold medal at the meeting now.
【答案】presenting
【详解】句意:班主任正在会议上给他颁发金牌。时间状语now提示用现在进行时,主语The head teacher为第三人称单数,所给词present意为“颁发”,其现在分词为presenting。
24.She ________ (expression) her thanks to us with a big smile.
【答案】expressed
【详解】句意:她满面笑容地向我们表示感谢。此空需填入一个谓语动词,expression的动词形式为express“表达”;时态为一般过去时,描述已经发生的具体动作,动词用过去式expressed。
原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权,侵权必究!
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
$
编写说明:基于中职学生英语知识不牢固、学习内驱力不够的学情特点,为了更好地提高学生的学习效率,辅助教师们抓好课前、课中、课后三个教学环节,本专辑深度解读最新的《中等职业学校英语课程标准》,匠心打造了契合全国职教高考命题特色的【四川专用】《英语 基础模块3》(高教版第三版)《一课一练》专辑,专辑共40练。
本卷为《英语 基础模块3》(高教版第三版) Unit 2 Community Life (Language Practice)的课前预习和课堂检测。
《英语 基础模块3》(高教版第三版)
Unit 2 Community Life
一课一练(10) Language Practice
【课前预习】
定语从句
语法 精讲
在句子中起定语作用、修饰句中的名词或代词的从句称为定语从句, 被修饰的名词或代词称为先行词。定语从句由关系代词或关系副词引导。当关系代词作定语从句的主语时, 其后的谓语动词的人称和数取决于先行词的人称和数。
定语从句一般位于先行词的后面, 定语从句由关系代词who, whom, whose, which, that, as和关系副词 when, where, why 等引导。关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中担任一个成分。
1. 关系代词引导的定语从句
(1)who指人, 在定语从句中作主语。
That is the man ________ teaches us English.
那位就是教我们英语的那个人。
(2)whom指人, 在定语从句中作宾语, 此时常可省略。
The professor(________)you wish to see has come.
你想见的那位教授已经来了。
(3)whose通常指人, 也可指事物, 在定语从句中作定语。
This is the scientist ________ name is known all over the country.
这就是那位闻名全国的科学家。
(4)which指事物, 在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语。作宾语, 且不直接跟在介词后时which可省略。
A dictionary is a book ________ gives the meaning of words.
词典是解释词语的书。
This is the book ________ I bought yesterday.
这是我昨天买的书。
She is very patient with the children, which her husband seldom is.
她对孩子们很有耐心, 她丈夫很少这样。
(5)that既可指人又可指物, 在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语。作宾语时, that常可省略。
She is the only one among us ________ knows French.
她是我们当中唯一懂法语的人。
(6)as可以用作关系代词, 既可以单独引出定语从句, 又可与主句中的the same或such相呼应, 从句中谓语动词常省略。
We jumped for joy at the news, ________ was natural.
我们听到消息时高兴地跳了起来, 这是很自然的事情。
2. 关系副词引导的定语从句
(1)when表示时间, 其先行词往往是表示时间的名词(如time, day, hour, year等)
From the time ________ he was little, he had known what he wanted to be when he grew up.
从小时候起, 他就已经知道长大后想做什么。
(2)where表示地点, 其先行词往往是表示地点的名词(如place, room, house, street, area 等)。
Is this the room ________ we lived last winter?
这就是我们去年冬天住过的房间吗?
(3)why表示原因, 常用在先行词reason后面。
I don't know the reason ________ she looks unhappy today.
我不知道为什么她今天看上去不高兴。
3. 关系代词前带介词的定语从句
(1)关系代词which, whom在定语从句中作介词的宾语时, 从句常由“介词+which(或whom)”引出。
Great changes are taking place in the city ________ they live.
他们所居住的城市正在发生着巨大的变化。
This is the teacher ________ we've learnt a lot.
这就是让我们学到很多东西的那位老师。
(2)定语从句也可以由“名词(或代词或数词)+介词+which(whom)"引出。
The house the windows ________ were damaged has now been repaired.
窗子遭破坏的那幢房子现在已经被修理好了。
4. 只能使用that引导定语从句的情况关系代词that和which都可以引导定语从句, 它们所代替的先行词都可以是表事物的名词或代词。which和that引导的定语从句在句子中都可以作主语、宾语或表语。但是, 关系代词that和which引导的定语从句还是有区别的, 以下四种类型的定语从句只能用 that 引导。
(1)当先行词是不定代词时, 如all, much, something, anything, everything, little, none等词时, 定语从句引导词多用that。
Tell me everything ________ you know about it.
把你知道的都告诉我。
(2)先行词被序数词或形容词最高级或由the only, last, any, few, same, no, some 等修饰时, 应该用that。
To face fear is the only method ________ really works.
面对恐惧是唯一真正行之有效的方法。(先行词method由the only修饰, 所以应该用that。)
The present moment is the best gift ________ you can give yourself.
此时此刻是你能给自己的最好礼物。(先行词gift由最高级best修饰, 此时应该用that。)
(3)当关系代词在限定性从句中用作表语时, 要用 that。
He is not the simple-minded man ________ he was five years ago.
他不再是五年前那个头脑简单的人了。
(4)当并列的两个先行词分别指人和物时, 需要用 that。
He was watching the children and parcels ________ filled the car.
他看着车上的孩子和包裹。
5. 做定语从句试题的技巧
(1)是定语从句还是其他从句。从句意和句法功能等方面去考虑。
(2)是用关系代词还是关系副词。关系代词和关系副词的选择主要看关系词在句中的句法功能。一般说来, 关系代词主要用作主语和宾语; 关系副词主要用作状语。
(3)受定语从句修饰的先行词是指人还是指物, 是作主语还是作宾语等。
(4)关系代词可否省略。通常情况下, 只有定语从句中用作宾语的关系代词才能省略。
(5)是限制性定语从句还是非限制性定语从句。关系代词 that 以及关系副词 why 等均不能引导非限制性定语从句。
(6)在“介词+which”结构中, 介词的正确选择主要看相关名词和动词的习惯搭配。
【课堂检测】
一、单项选择
1.November 11 is coming. Sandy, ________ other girls, ________ shopping online.
A.like, like B.likes, like C.like, likes D.likes, likes
2.—How was your trip to the ancient village?
—Wonderful! We ________ a traditional dance show and tasted local food.
A.watch B.are watching C.will watch D.watched
3.—What are you saving money for?
—Mother’s Day is coming soon. I ________ a gift for my mother.
A.buy B.buying C.bought D.am going to buy
4.—What ________ if we can’t reach an agreement on the team logo?
—We can ask our teacher for advice.
A.happen B.happens C.will happen D.happened
5.—Where is your father?
—Oh, he ________ his car.
A.clean B.cleans C.cleaned D.is cleaning
6.He ________ TV when his mother came back home yesterday.
A.watch B.watches C.was watching D.watched
7.— Don’t forget to help clean the living room after school.
— I see, Mom. You _______ me many times.
A.remind B.reminded C.will remind D.have reminded
8.— My sister is always worried about the animals in the zoo.
— There is no need to worry about them. They________ good care of by zookeepers.
A.were taken B.took C.are taken D.take
9.—When was it invented?
—It ________ in 1885.
A.invented B.is invented C.was invented D.has invented
10.The new library ________ in our school next month. It will be open to all students.
A.will build B.builds C.will be built D.is built
11.It was announced that only when the fire was under control ________ to return to their homes.
A.the residents would be permitted B.had the residents been permitted
C.would the residents be permitted D.the residents had been permitted
12.Look! The room ________ by the workers.
A.is being cleaned B.cleans C.is cleaning D.was cleaned
13.The Confucius Temple in Nanjing ________ as an important cultural landmark for centuries.
A.has been regarded B.is regarded
C.was regarded D.will be regarded
二、词汇拼写
14.In the past few days, books written by the teenage boy ________ (sell) out.
15.The work ________ (do) by them at that time.
16.The letter ________ (write) by her now.
17.The storyteller told the children the story ________ (tell) in 3 months.
18.The tent ________ (break) by some monkeys, so they had to fix it.
19.Jill is often ________(mistake) for her sister because they look much alike.
20.When I got to the cinema, the film ________ (begin) already.
21.It is said that the local government ________ the air quality over the years. (improve)
22.—Remember how we met for the first time, Dick?
—Of course I do. You ________ (walk) to the teachers’ office hurriedly and didn’t notice me.
23.The head teacher is ________ (present) him with a gold medal at the meeting now.
24.She ________ (expression) her thanks to us with a big smile.
原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权,侵权必究!
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
$