第9卷 阅读理解（科普说明类2）-【面向新考纲】江苏省（职教高考）英语专项训练卷（原卷版+解析版）

江苏省中职高考英语阅读理解专项训练卷（科普说明类） （2） （考试时间：30分钟　满分：20分） ──────────────────────────────────────────── 一、阅读下列短文，从题后所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳答案。（每题2分，共20分） A Why Do Some Animals Hibernate? In cold winter, you may notice that some animals disappear for months. They are not gone—they are hibernating (冬眠). Hibernation is a special state where animals slow down their body functions to survive the cold winter when food is hard to find. Many animals, such as bears, hedgehogs (刺猬), and snakes, hibernate every year. Before hibernation, animals prepare carefully. They eat a lot of food to build up fat reserves (脂肪储备). This fat will provide them with energy during the long winter. Some animals also find or build a warm, safe place to hibernate, like a cave, a hole in the ground, or a hollow tree. This place protects them from the cold and enemies. During hibernation, animals’ bodies change a lot. Their body temperature drops greatly—some animals’ body temperature is close to the temperature outside. Their heart rate and breathing slow down too. For example, a bear’s heart rate drops from 40 beats per minute to only 8 beats per minute. They do not eat, drink, or move much during this time. Some animals even stop breathing for short periods. Hibernation is not the same as sleep. Sleep is a normal rest state, but hibernation is a deep state of inactivity that helps animals save energy. When the weather gets warmer in spring, the animals wake up from hibernation. They are often weak at first, so they need to find food quickly to regain their strength. 1. What is hibernation? A. A kind of sleep that animals have every night. B. A special state where animals slow down body functions to survive winter. C. A way for animals to find food in cold winter. D. A state where animals move to warm places. 【答案】B 【解析】原文第一段明确提到“Hibernation is a special state where animals slow down their body functions to survive the cold winter when food is hard to find”，即冬眠是动物减缓身体机能以在食物匮乏的寒冷冬季生存的一种特殊状态。A选项“动物每晚的一种睡眠”与原文“冬眠不同于睡眠”矛盾；C选项“动物在寒冷冬季寻找食物的方式”、D选项“动物迁移到温暖地方的状态”均未在文中提及，故选B。 【考查知识点】细节理解题，要求学生捕捉原文中冬眠的定义，准确匹配选项。 2. What do animals do before hibernation? A. They eat a lot to build up fat reserves. B. They wake up early every day. C. They move to warm countries. D. They stop eating and drinking. 【答案】A 【解析】原文第二段提到“Before hibernation, animals prepare carefully. They eat a lot of food to build up fat reserves”，即动物冬眠前会吃很多食物来积累脂肪储备。B选项“每天早起”、C选项“迁移到温暖的国家”均未在文中提及；D选项“停止进食饮水”是冬眠期间的状态，而非冬眠前，故选A。 【考查知识点】细节理解题，要求学生区分动物冬眠前和冬眠期间的行为，准确匹配选项。 3. The word "reserves" in Paragraph 2 most probably means ______. A. 消耗 B. 储备 C. 需求 D. 浪费 【答案】B 【解析】结合上下文“They eat a lot of food to build up fat reserves. This fat will provide them with energy during the long winter”，动物吃很多食物是为了积累脂肪“储备”，这些脂肪会在漫长的冬季为它们提供能量，由此可推断“reserves”意为“储备”。A选项“消耗”、C选项“需求”、D选项“浪费”均不符合语境，故选B。 【考查知识点】词义猜测题，要求学生结合上下文功能描述，推断生词含义，适配中职学生词汇水平。 4. How does a bear’s heart rate change during hibernation? A. It increases from 8 beats per minute to 40. B. It drops from 40 beats per minute to 8. C. It stays the same as usual. D. It stops beating for short periods. 【答案】B 【解析】原文第三段提到“a bear’s heart rate drops from 40 beats per minute to only 8 beats per minute”，即熊的心率在冬眠期间从每分钟40次下降到每分钟8次。A选项“从8次增加到40次”与原文相反；C选项“和平时一样”、D选项“短时间停止跳动”均与原文不符，故选B。 【考查知识点】细节理解题，要求学生捕捉原文中的具体数字和变化信息，准确匹配选项。 5. What is the difference between hibernation and sleep? A. Sleep is a deep state, while hibernation is a normal rest state. B. Hibernation is a deep state of inactivity, while sleep is a normal rest state. C. Sleep helps animals save energy, while hibernation does not. D. Hibernation is shorter than sleep. 【答案】B 【解析】原文第四段提到“Hibernation is not the same as sleep. Sleep is a normal rest state, but hibernation is a deep state of inactivity that helps animals save energy”，即冬眠是一种深度不活跃状态，而睡眠是一种正常的休息状态。A选项“睡眠是深度状态，冬眠是正常休息状态”与原文相反；C选项“睡眠帮助动物节省能量，冬眠不可以”与原文矛盾；D选项“冬眠比睡眠短”未在文中提及，故选B。 【考查知识点】细节理解题，要求学生捕捉原文中两种状态的区别，准确匹配选项。 B The Importance of Water for Living Things Water is one of the most important things for all living things—plants, animals, and humans cannot live without it. It makes up a large part of our bodies: about 60% of a human’s body is water, and some plants are made up of 90% water. Water has many important functions that keep living things alive and healthy. For plants, water is essential for photosynthesis (光合作用). Plants use water, sunlight, and air to make food. Water also helps plants transport nutrients (营养物质) from their roots to their leaves and flowers. Without enough water, plants will wilt (枯萎) and die. Some plants, like cacti, can store water in their stems to survive in dry environments. For animals and humans, water has many key roles. It helps digest food and absorb nutrients. It also helps regulate (调节) body temperature—when we sweat, water cools our bodies down. Water carries waste out of our bodies, keeping us healthy. We need to drink enough water every day to stay alive; without water, humans can only survive for about three days. Water is also important for the environment. It fills rivers, lakes, and oceans, providing homes for many aquatic (水生的) animals, like fish, frogs, and turtles. It helps keep the air moist (湿润) and plays a role in the water cycle (水循环), which brings rain to plants and animals. 6. What percentage of a human’s body is water? A. About 30%. B. About 60%. C. About 90%. D. 100%. 【答案】B 【解析】原文第一段明确提到“about 60% of a human’s body is water”，即人体约60%是水。A选项“约30%”、C选项“约90%”（是部分植物的含水量）、D选项“100%”均与原文不符，故选B。 【考查知识点】细节理解题，要求学生捕捉原文中的具体百分比信息，准确匹配选项。 7. Why is water important for plants? A. It helps them transport nutrients and make food. B. It helps them store fat reserves. C. It helps them hibernate in winter. D. It helps them change colors in autumn. 【答案】A 【解析】原文第二段提到“For plants, water is essential for photosynthesis. Plants use water... to make food. Water also helps plants transport nutrients from their roots to their leaves and flowers”，即水对植物的重要性在于帮助它们进行光合作用制造食物和运输营养物质。B选项“帮助它们储存脂肪储备”是动物冬眠前的行为；C选项“帮助它们在冬季冬眠”、D选项“帮助它们在秋天变色”均未在文中提及，故选A。 【考查知识点】细节理解题，要求学生捕捉原文中水对植物的作用，准确匹配选项。 8. The word "essential" in Paragraph 2 most probably means ______. A. 不重要的 B. 必要的 C. 可选的 D. 额外的 【答案】B 【解析】结合上下文“For plants, water is essential for photosynthesis. Plants use water, sunlight, and air to make food”，光合作用是植物制造食物的必要过程，而水是光合作用的必需物质，由此可推断“essential”意为“必要的”。A选项“不重要的”与语境相反；C选项“可选的”、D选项“额外的”均不符合语境，故选B。 【考查知识点】词义猜测题，要求学生结合上下文功能描述，推断生词含义，适配中职学生词汇水平。 9. How long can humans survive without water? A. About one day. B. About three days. C. About a week. D. About a month. 【答案】B 【解析】原文第三段提到“without water, humans can only survive for about three days”，即人类没有水只能生存大约三天。A选项“大约一天”、C选项“大约一周”、D选项“大约一个月”均与原文不符，故选B。 【考查知识点】细节理解题，要求学生捕捉原文中的具体时间信息，准确匹配选项。 10. What is the main idea of this passage? A. To explain how water is formed. B. To describe the different types of water. C. To introduce the importance of water for living things and the environment. D. To tell people how to save water. 【答案】C 【解析】文章第一段引出“水对所有生物至关重要”这一核心，第二段介绍水对植物的重要性，第三段介绍水对动物和人类的重要性，第四段介绍水对环境的重要性，全文核心是介绍水对生物和环境的重要性。A选项“解释水如何形成”、B选项“描述不同类型的水”、D选项“告诉人们如何节约用水”均未在文中提及，故选C。 【考查知识点】主旨大意题，要求学生把握科普说明文的核心内容，理解文章围绕“水的重要性”展开的逻辑。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 江苏省中职高考英语阅读理解专项训练卷（科普说明类） （2） （考试时间：30分钟　满分：20分） ──────────────────────────────────────────── 一、阅读下列短文，从题后所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳答案。（每题2分，共20分） A Why Do Some Animals Hibernate? In cold winter, you may notice that some animals disappear for months. They are not gone—they are hibernating (冬眠). Hibernation is a special state where animals slow down their body functions to survive the cold winter when food is hard to find. Many animals, such as bears, hedgehogs (刺猬), and snakes, hibernate every year. Before hibernation, animals prepare carefully. They eat a lot of food to build up fat reserves (脂肪储备). This fat will provide them with energy during the long winter. Some animals also find or build a warm, safe place to hibernate, like a cave, a hole in the ground, or a hollow tree. This place protects them from the cold and enemies. During hibernation, animals’ bodies change a lot. Their body temperature drops greatly—some animals’ body temperature is close to the temperature outside. Their heart rate and breathing slow down too. For example, a bear’s heart rate drops from 40 beats per minute to only 8 beats per minute. They do not eat, drink, or move much during this time. Some animals even stop breathing for short periods. Hibernation is not the same as sleep. Sleep is a normal rest state, but hibernation is a deep state of inactivity that helps animals save energy. When the weather gets warmer in spring, the animals wake up from hibernation. They are often weak at first, so they need to find food quickly to regain their strength. 1. What is hibernation? A. A kind of sleep that animals have every night. B. A special state where animals slow down body functions to survive winter. C. A way for animals to find food in cold winter. D. A state where animals move to warm places. 2. What do animals do before hibernation? A. They eat a lot to build up fat reserves. B. They wake up early every day. C. They move to warm countries. D. They stop eating and drinking. 3. The word "reserves" in Paragraph 2 most probably means ______. A. 消耗 B. 储备 C. 需求 D. 浪费 4. How does a bear’s heart rate change during hibernation? A. It increases from 8 beats per minute to 40. B. It drops from 40 beats per minute to 8. C. It stays the same as usual. D. It stops beating for short periods. 5. What is the difference between hibernation and sleep? A. Sleep is a deep state, while hibernation is a normal rest state. B. Hibernation is a deep state of inactivity, while sleep is a normal rest state. C. Sleep helps animals save energy, while hibernation does not. D. Hibernation is shorter than sleep. B The Importance of Water for Living Things Water is one of the most important things for all living things—plants, animals, and humans cannot live without it. It makes up a large part of our bodies: about 60% of a human’s body is water, and some plants are made up of 90% water. Water has many important functions that keep living things alive and healthy. For plants, water is essential for photosynthesis (光合作用). Plants use water, sunlight, and air to make food. Water also helps plants transport nutrients (营养物质) from their roots to their leaves and flowers. Without enough water, plants will wilt (枯萎) and die. Some plants, like cacti, can store water in their stems to survive in dry environments. For animals and humans, water has many key roles. It helps digest food and absorb nutrients. It also helps regulate (调节) body temperature—when we sweat, water cools our bodies down. Water carries waste out of our bodies, keeping us healthy. We need to drink enough water every day to stay alive; without water, humans can only survive for about three days. Water is also important for the environment. It fills rivers, lakes, and oceans, providing homes for many aquatic (水生的) animals, like fish, frogs, and turtles. It helps keep the air moist (湿润) and plays a role in the water cycle (水循环), which brings rain to plants and animals. 6. What percentage of a human’s body is water? A. About 30%. B. About 60%. C. About 90%. D. 100%. 7. Why is water important for plants? A. It helps them transport nutrients and make food. B. It helps them store fat reserves. C. It helps them hibernate in winter. D. It helps them change colors in autumn. 8. The word "essential" in Paragraph 2 most probably means ______. A. 不重要的 B. 必要的 C. 可选的 D. 额外的 9. How long can humans survive without water? A. About one day. B. About three days. C. About a week. D. About a month. 10. What is the main idea of this passage? A. To explain how water is formed. B. To describe the different types of water. C. To introduce the importance of water for living things and the environment. D. To tell people how to save water. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $