第10卷 阅读理解（科普说明类3）-【面向新考纲】江苏省（职教高考）英语专项训练卷（原卷版+解析版）

江苏省中职高考英语阅读理解专项训练卷（科普说明类） （3） （考试时间：30分钟　满分：20分） ──────────────────────────────────────────── 一、阅读下列短文，从题后所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳答案。（每题2分，共20分） A How Do Plants Make Food? Plants are amazing living things that can make their own food. Unlike animals and humans, they do not need to eat other living things to survive. The process by which plants make food is called photosynthesis (光合作用). This process needs three key things: sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide (二氧化碳) from the air. Most photosynthesis happens in the leaves of plants. Leaves have tiny green cells called chloroplasts (叶绿体), which contain chlorophyll (叶绿素)—the green substance that makes leaves green. Chlorophyll can capture sunlight and turn it into energy. With this energy, plants combine water (taken from the roots) and carbon dioxide (taken from the air) to make glucose (葡萄糖), a type of sugar that plants use as food. During photosynthesis, plants also produce oxygen (氧气) and release it into the air. This is very important for all living things, because humans and animals need oxygen to breathe. In fact, most of the oxygen in the air comes from plants. Without photosynthesis, there would be little oxygen on Earth, and many living things would not be able to survive. Photosynthesis only happens during the day, because it needs sunlight. At night, when there is no sunlight, plants stop making food. Instead, they use the glucose they stored during the day to keep their bodies working. Some plants, like cacti, can store a lot of glucose and water to survive in dry and dark environments. 1. What do plants need for photosynthesis? A. Sunlight, water and oxygen. B. Sunlight, water and carbon dioxide. C. Water, carbon dioxide and glucose. D. Sunlight, glucose and oxygen. 2. Where does most photosynthesis happen? A. In the roots of plants. B. In the stems of plants. C. In the leaves of plants. D. In the flowers of plants. 3. The word "capture" in Paragraph 2 most probably means ______. A. 释放 B. 捕捉 C. 消耗 D. 产生 4. What do plants produce during photosynthesis? A. Glucose and oxygen. B. Water and carbon dioxide. C. Chlorophyll and chloroplasts. D. Sunlight and energy. 5. Why is photosynthesis important for humans and animals? A. Because it helps plants grow faster. B. Because it produces oxygen that humans and animals need to breathe. C. Because it helps plants store glucose. D. Because it happens during the day. B The Mystery of Rainbows A rainbow is one of the most beautiful natural phenomena. We often see it after a rainstorm when the sun comes out. It appears as a colorful arc (弧) in the sky, with seven bright colors: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo (靛蓝), and violet (紫色). But have you ever wondered how rainbows form? Rainbows form when sunlight passes through water droplets (小水滴) in the air. When the sun is low in the sky (usually in the morning or afternoon), sunlight enters the water droplets. Inside each droplet, the light bends (折射) and splits (分解) into seven different colors. This is because different colors of light travel at different speeds through water—red light travels the fastest, while violet light travels the slowest. After splitting into different colors, the light reflects (反射) off the back of the water droplet and bends again as it exits the droplet. This makes the colored light travel back to our eyes, and we see a rainbow. The rainbow appears as an arc because the water droplets are spread out in a circle around the sun, but we can only see the part of the circle that is above the ground. To see a rainbow, you need two things: sunlight and water droplets in the air. You also need to stand with your back to the sun—if you face the sun, you will not be able to see the rainbow. Rainbows are not physical objects; they are just a trick of light. If you move, the rainbow will seem to move too, because it depends on the position of the sun, the water droplets, and your eyes. 6. When do we often see a rainbow? A. Before a rainstorm. B. During a rainstorm. C. After a rainstorm when the sun comes out. D. On a cloudy day with no rain. 7. How many colors does a rainbow have? A. 5. B. 6. C. 7. D. 8. 8. The word "splits" in Paragraph 2 most probably means ______. A. 合并 B. 分解 C. 反射 D. 吸收 9. Why does sunlight split into seven colors inside water droplets? A. Because water droplets are colorful. B. Because different colors of light travel at different speeds through water. C. Because sunlight is made of only seven colors. D. Because water droplets reflect light. 10. What is the main idea of this passage? A. To describe the colors of a rainbow. B. To explain how rainbows form and the conditions to see them. C. To tell people how to make a rainbow. D. To introduce different natural phenomena. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 江苏省中职高考英语阅读理解专项训练卷（科普说明类） （3） （考试时间：30分钟　满分：20分） ──────────────────────────────────────────── 一、阅读下列短文，从题后所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳答案。（每题2分，共20分） A How Do Plants Make Food? Plants are amazing living things that can make their own food. Unlike animals and humans, they do not need to eat other living things to survive. The process by which plants make food is called photosynthesis (光合作用). This process needs three key things: sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide (二氧化碳) from the air. Most photosynthesis happens in the leaves of plants. Leaves have tiny green cells called chloroplasts (叶绿体), which contain chlorophyll (叶绿素)—the green substance that makes leaves green. Chlorophyll can capture sunlight and turn it into energy. With this energy, plants combine water (taken from the roots) and carbon dioxide (taken from the air) to make glucose (葡萄糖), a type of sugar that plants use as food. During photosynthesis, plants also produce oxygen (氧气) and release it into the air. This is very important for all living things, because humans and animals need oxygen to breathe. In fact, most of the oxygen in the air comes from plants. Without photosynthesis, there would be little oxygen on Earth, and many living things would not be able to survive. Photosynthesis only happens during the day, because it needs sunlight. At night, when there is no sunlight, plants stop making food. Instead, they use the glucose they stored during the day to keep their bodies working. Some plants, like cacti, can store a lot of glucose and water to survive in dry and dark environments. 1. What do plants need for photosynthesis? A. Sunlight, water and oxygen. B. Sunlight, water and carbon dioxide. C. Water, carbon dioxide and glucose. D. Sunlight, glucose and oxygen. 【答案】B 【解析】原文第一段明确提到“The process by which plants make food is called photosynthesis. This process needs three key things: sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide from the air”，即植物光合作用需要阳光、水和二氧化碳。A选项“阳光、水和氧气”中氧气是光合作用的产物，而非所需物质；C选项“水、二氧化碳和葡萄糖”中葡萄糖是光合作用的产物；D选项“阳光、葡萄糖和氧气”均不符合原文描述，故选B。 【考查知识点】细节理解题，要求学生捕捉原文中光合作用的必要条件，准确匹配选项。 2. Where does most photosynthesis happen? A. In the roots of plants. B. In the stems of plants. C. In the leaves of plants. D. In the flowers of plants. 【答案】C 【解析】原文第二段提到“Most photosynthesis happens in the leaves of plants”，即大多数光合作用发生在植物的叶子里。A选项“植物的根部”负责吸收水分；B选项“植物的茎”负责运输营养；D选项“植物的花”负责繁殖，均与光合作用的主要场所无关，故选C。 【考查知识点】细节理解题，要求学生定位原文中光合作用的主要发生部位，准确匹配选项。 3. The word "capture" in Paragraph 2 most probably means ______. A. 释放 B. 捕捉 C. 消耗 D. 产生 【答案】B 【解析】结合上下文“Chlorophyll can capture sunlight and turn it into energy”，叶绿素的作用是捕捉阳光并将其转化为能量，由此可推断“capture”意为“捕捉”。A选项“释放”、C选项“消耗”、D选项“产生”均不符合语境，故选B。 【考查知识点】词义猜测题，要求学生结合上下文功能描述，推断生词含义，适配中职学生词汇水平。 4. What do plants produce during photosynthesis? A. Glucose and oxygen. B. Water and carbon dioxide. C. Chlorophyll and chloroplasts. D. Sunlight and energy. 【答案】A 【解析】原文第二段提到“plants combine water... and carbon dioxide... to make glucose”，第三段提到“During photosynthesis, plants also produce oxygen and release it into the air”，即植物光合作用期间会产生葡萄糖和氧气。B选项“水和二氧化碳”是光合作用的原料；C选项“叶绿素和叶绿体”是植物叶子中的物质；D选项“阳光和能量”中阳光是外界条件，能量是转化后的产物，均不符合题意，故选A。 【考查知识点】细节理解题，要求学生区分光合作用的原料和产物，准确匹配选项。 5. Why is photosynthesis important for humans and animals? A. Because it helps plants grow faster. B. Because it produces oxygen that humans and animals need to breathe. C. Because it helps plants store glucose. D. Because it happens during the day. 【答案】B 【解析】原文第三段提到“This is very important for all living things, because humans and animals need oxygen to breathe. In fact, most of the oxygen in the air comes from plants”，即光合作用对人类和动物重要的原因是它能产生人类和动物呼吸所需的氧气。A选项“帮助植物长得更快”、C选项“帮助植物储存葡萄糖”是光合作用对植物自身的作用；D选项“在白天发生”是光合作用的特点，而非重要性，故选B。 【考查知识点】细节理解题，要求学生捕捉原文中光合作用对人类和动物的重要意义，准确匹配选项。 B The Mystery of Rainbows A rainbow is one of the most beautiful natural phenomena. We often see it after a rainstorm when the sun comes out. It appears as a colorful arc (弧) in the sky, with seven bright colors: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo (靛蓝), and violet (紫色). But have you ever wondered how rainbows form? Rainbows form when sunlight passes through water droplets (小水滴) in the air. When the sun is low in the sky (usually in the morning or afternoon), sunlight enters the water droplets. Inside each droplet, the light bends (折射) and splits (分解) into seven different colors. This is because different colors of light travel at different speeds through water—red light travels the fastest, while violet light travels the slowest. After splitting into different colors, the light reflects (反射) off the back of the water droplet and bends again as it exits the droplet. This makes the colored light travel back to our eyes, and we see a rainbow. The rainbow appears as an arc because the water droplets are spread out in a circle around the sun, but we can only see the part of the circle that is above the ground. To see a rainbow, you need two things: sunlight and water droplets in the air. You also need to stand with your back to the sun—if you face the sun, you will not be able to see the rainbow. Rainbows are not physical objects; they are just a trick of light. If you move, the rainbow will seem to move too, because it depends on the position of the sun, the water droplets, and your eyes. 6. When do we often see a rainbow? A. Before a rainstorm. B. During a rainstorm. C. After a rainstorm when the sun comes out. D. On a cloudy day with no rain. 【答案】C 【解析】原文第一段提到“We often see it after a rainstorm when the sun comes out”，即我们经常在暴雨过后太阳出来时看到彩虹。A选项“暴雨前”、B选项“暴雨期间”、D选项“无雨的阴天”均不符合原文描述，故选C。 【考查知识点】细节理解题，要求学生捕捉原文中看到彩虹的时间条件，准确匹配选项。 7. How many colors does a rainbow have? A. 5. B. 6. C. 7. D. 8. 【答案】C 【解析】原文第一段提到“It appears as a colorful arc in the sky, with seven bright colors: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet”，即彩虹有七种颜色。A选项“5种”、B选项“6种”、D选项“8种”均与原文不符，故选C。 【考查知识点】细节理解题，要求学生捕捉原文中的具体数字信息，准确匹配选项。 8. The word "splits" in Paragraph 2 most probably means ______. A. 合并 B. 分解 C. 反射 D. 吸收 【答案】B 【解析】结合上下文“sunlight enters the water droplets. Inside each droplet, the light bends and splits into seven different colors”，阳光进入水滴后，会折射并分解成七种不同的颜色，由此可推断“splits”意为“分解”。A选项“合并”与语境相反；C选项“反射”是光在水滴背面的行为；D选项“吸收”未在文中提及，故选B。 【考查知识点】词义猜测题，要求学生结合上下文过程描述，推断生词含义，适配中职学生词汇水平。 9. Why does sunlight split into seven colors inside water droplets? A. Because water droplets are colorful. B. Because different colors of light travel at different speeds through water. C. Because sunlight is made of only seven colors. D. Because water droplets reflect light. 【答案】B 【解析】原文第二段提到“This is because different colors of light travel at different speeds through water—red light travels the fastest, while violet light travels the slowest”，即阳光在水滴中分解成七种颜色的原因是不同颜色的光在水中传播的速度不同。A选项“因为水滴是彩色的”、C选项“因为阳光只由七种颜色组成”、D选项“因为水滴反射光”均不符合原文描述，故选B。 【考查知识点】细节理解题，要求学生捕捉原文中彩虹颜色形成的原因，准确匹配选项。 10. What is the main idea of this passage? A. To describe the colors of a rainbow. B. To explain how rainbows form and the conditions to see them. C. To tell people how to make a rainbow. D. To introduce different natural phenomena. 【答案】B 【解析】文章第一段引出彩虹这一自然现象，第二段和第三段解释彩虹的形成过程，第四段介绍看到彩虹的条件，全文核心是解释彩虹的形成原理和观看条件。A选项“描述彩虹的颜色”仅为第一段部分内容；C选项“告诉人们如何制造彩虹”未在文中提及；D选项“介绍不同的自然现象”范围过广，文章仅围绕彩虹展开，故选B。 【考查知识点】主旨大意题，要求学生把握科普说明文的核心内容，理解文章围绕“彩虹”展开的逻辑。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $