第11卷 阅读理解（科普说明类4）-【面向新考纲】江苏省（职教高考）英语专项训练卷（原卷版+解析版）

江苏省中职高考英语阅读理解专项训练卷（科普说明类） （4） （考试时间：30分钟　满分：20分） ──────────────────────────────────────────── 一、阅读下列短文，从题后所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳答案。（每题2分，共20分） A Why Do Birds Migrate? Every year, millions of birds fly long distances from one place to another—this is called migration (迁徙). Birds migrate to find better living conditions, especially food and a suitable place to breed (繁殖). Migration is a difficult journey, but it is necessary for the survival of many bird species. Most birds migrate in autumn and spring. In autumn, as the weather gets colder, food becomes scarce (稀少的) in the north. So birds fly to warmer southern areas where there is plenty of food. In spring, the weather gets warmer in the north, and food becomes abundant (充足的) again. Birds fly back to the north to breed, because the northern areas have more space and fewer enemies for their young. Birds have amazing abilities to find their way during migration. Some birds use the sun and the moon to navigate (导航). They can tell direction by the position of the sun during the day and the moon at night. Other birds use the Earth’s magnetic field (磁场) to find their way—they have a special sense that allows them to feel the magnetic field, like a built-in compass (指南针). Migration is a dangerous journey. Birds face many challenges, such as bad weather, lack of food and water, and enemies. Some birds fly for days or even weeks without stopping. To prepare for migration, birds eat a lot of food to build up fat reserves, which provide them with energy during the long flight. Some bird species travel thousands of kilometers each year, but they always find their way back to the same place. 1. Why do birds migrate? A. To find better living conditions, food and breeding places. B. To escape from humans. C. To change their feathers. D. To learn to fly longer distances. 2. When do most birds migrate? A. Only in autumn. B. Only in spring. C. In autumn and spring. D. In summer and winter. 3. The word "scarce" in Paragraph 2 most probably means ______. A. 充足的 B. 稀少的 C. 新鲜的 D. 昂贵的 4. How do some birds navigate during migration? A. By following other animals. B. By using the sun, moon and Earth’s magnetic field. C. By remembering the roads. D. By listening to human sounds. 5. What do birds do to prepare for migration? A. They fly short distances every day. B. They build new nests. C. They eat a lot of food to build up fat reserves. D. They learn to navigate from their parents. B The Role of Microbes in Our Life Microbes (微生物) are tiny living things that are too small to see with our eyes—we need a microscope (显微镜) to see them. They are everywhere: in the air we breathe, in the water we drink, in the soil, and even on our skin. Some microbes are harmful, but most of them are helpful and play an important role in our life and the environment. One of the most important roles of microbes is helping us digest (消化) food. There are billions of microbes in our stomach and intestines (肠道). These microbes break down food that our bodies cannot digest on their own, like fiber (纤维) in vegetables and fruits. They also help produce vitamins (维生素) that our bodies need, such as vitamin B and K. Microbes also help keep the environment clean. Some microbes break down dead plants and animals into simple substances, which can be used as food by other plants. This process is called decomposition (分解). Without decomposition, the Earth would be covered with dead things, and nutrients would not be recycled. In addition, microbes are used in many human activities. For example, yeast (酵母), a type of microbe, is used to make bread and wine. Lactic acid bacteria (乳酸菌) are used to make yogurt (酸奶) and cheese. Some microbes are also used to make medicine, like antibiotics (抗生素), which help treat bacterial infections (感染). 6. What do we need to see microbes? A. A pair of glasses. B. A microscope. C. A telescope. D. A camera. 7. Which of the following is NOT a role of microbes in our body? A. Helping digest food. B. Producing vitamins. C. Breaking down fiber. D. Causing bacterial infections. 8. The word "decomposition" in Paragraph 3 most probably means ______. A. 分解 B. 生长 C. 繁殖 D. 净化 9. Which of the following is NOT mentioned about the use of microbes? A. Making bread and wine. B. Making yogurt and cheese. C. Making antibiotics. D. Making vitamins. 10. What is the main idea of this passage? A. To describe harmful microbes. B. To introduce the role of microbes in life and environment. C. To explain how microbes grow. D. To tell people how to use microbes. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 江苏省中职高考英语阅读理解专项训练卷（科普说明类） （4） （考试时间：30分钟　满分：20分） ──────────────────────────────────────────── 一、阅读下列短文，从题后所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳答案。（每题2分，共20分） A Why Do Birds Migrate? Every year, millions of birds fly long distances from one place to another—this is called migration (迁徙). Birds migrate to find better living conditions, especially food and a suitable place to breed (繁殖). Migration is a difficult journey, but it is necessary for the survival of many bird species. Most birds migrate in autumn and spring. In autumn, as the weather gets colder, food becomes scarce (稀少的) in the north. So birds fly to warmer southern areas where there is plenty of food. In spring, the weather gets warmer in the north, and food becomes abundant (充足的) again. Birds fly back to the north to breed, because the northern areas have more space and fewer enemies for their young. Birds have amazing abilities to find their way during migration. Some birds use the sun and the moon to navigate (导航). They can tell direction by the position of the sun during the day and the moon at night. Other birds use the Earth’s magnetic field (磁场) to find their way—they have a special sense that allows them to feel the magnetic field, like a built-in compass (指南针). Migration is a dangerous journey. Birds face many challenges, such as bad weather, lack of food and water, and enemies. Some birds fly for days or even weeks without stopping. To prepare for migration, birds eat a lot of food to build up fat reserves, which provide them with energy during the long flight. Some bird species travel thousands of kilometers each year, but they always find their way back to the same place. 1. Why do birds migrate? A. To find better living conditions, food and breeding places. B. To escape from humans. C. To change their feathers. D. To learn to fly longer distances. 【答案】A 【解析】原文第一段提到“Birds migrate to find better living conditions, especially food and a suitable place to breed”，即鸟类迁徙是为了寻找更好的生活条件，尤其是食物和合适的繁殖地点。B选项“逃离人类”、C选项“更换羽毛”、D选项“学习长距离飞行”均未在文中提及，故选A。 【考查知识点】细节理解题，要求学生捕捉原文中鸟类迁徙的原因，准确匹配选项。 2. When do most birds migrate? A. Only in autumn. B. Only in spring. C. In autumn and spring. D. In summer and winter. 【答案】C 【解析】原文第二段提到“Most birds migrate in autumn and spring”，即大多数鸟类在秋天和春天迁徙。A选项“仅在秋天”、B选项“仅在春天”均过于绝对；D选项“在夏天和冬天”与原文不符，故选C。 【考查知识点】细节理解题，要求学生捕捉原文中鸟类迁徙的时间，准确匹配选项。 3. The word "scarce" in Paragraph 2 most probably means ______. A. 充足的 B. 稀少的 C. 新鲜的 D. 昂贵的 【答案】B 【解析】结合上下文“In autumn, as the weather gets colder, food becomes scarce in the north. So birds fly to warmer southern areas where there is plenty of food”，北方秋天天气变冷，食物变得稀少，所以鸟类飞往食物充足的南方，由此可推断“scarce”意为“稀少的”。A选项“充足的”与语境相反；C选项“新鲜的”、D选项“昂贵的”均不符合语境，故选B。 【考查知识点】词义猜测题，要求学生结合上下文对比描述，推断生词含义，适配中职学生词汇水平。 4. How do some birds navigate during migration? A. By following other animals. B. By using the sun, moon and Earth’s magnetic field. C. By remembering the roads. D. By listening to human sounds. 【答案】B 【解析】原文第三段提到“Some birds use the sun and the moon to navigate. Other birds use the Earth’s magnetic field to find their way”，即一些鸟类利用太阳、月亮和地球磁场导航。A选项“跟随其他动物”、C选项“记住道路”、D选项“听人类的声音”均未在文中提及，故选B。 【考查知识点】细节理解题，要求学生捕捉原文中鸟类迁徙的导航方式，准确匹配选项。 5. What do birds do to prepare for migration? A. They fly short distances every day. B. They build new nests. C. They eat a lot of food to build up fat reserves. D. They learn to navigate from their parents. 【答案】C 【解析】原文第四段提到“To prepare for migration, birds eat a lot of food to build up fat reserves, which provide them with energy during the long flight”，即鸟类为迁徙做准备时，会吃很多食物来积累脂肪储备，为长途飞行提供能量。A选项“每天飞短距离”、B选项“筑新巢”、D选项“向父母学习导航”均未在文中提及，故选C。 【考查知识点】细节理解题，要求学生捕捉原文中鸟类为迁徙做的准备，准确匹配选项。 B The Role of Microbes in Our Life Microbes (微生物) are tiny living things that are too small to see with our eyes—we need a microscope (显微镜) to see them. They are everywhere: in the air we breathe, in the water we drink, in the soil, and even on our skin. Some microbes are harmful, but most of them are helpful and play an important role in our life and the environment. One of the most important roles of microbes is helping us digest (消化) food. There are billions of microbes in our stomach and intestines (肠道). These microbes break down food that our bodies cannot digest on their own, like fiber (纤维) in vegetables and fruits. They also help produce vitamins (维生素) that our bodies need, such as vitamin B and K. Microbes also help keep the environment clean. Some microbes break down dead plants and animals into simple substances, which can be used as food by other plants. This process is called decomposition (分解). Without decomposition, the Earth would be covered with dead things, and nutrients would not be recycled. In addition, microbes are used in many human activities. For example, yeast (酵母), a type of microbe, is used to make bread and wine. Lactic acid bacteria (乳酸菌) are used to make yogurt (酸奶) and cheese. Some microbes are also used to make medicine, like antibiotics (抗生素), which help treat bacterial infections (感染). 6. What do we need to see microbes? A. A pair of glasses. B. A microscope. C. A telescope. D. A camera. 【答案】B 【解析】原文第一段提到“Microbes are tiny living things that are too small to see with our eyes—we need a microscope to see them”，即微生物非常小，我们需要显微镜才能看到它们。A选项“一副眼镜”、C选项“望远镜”（用于观察远处物体）、D选项“相机”均无法观察到微生物，故选B。 【考查知识点】细节理解题，要求学生捕捉原文中观察微生物所需的工具，准确匹配选项。 7. Which of the following is NOT a role of microbes in our body? A. Helping digest food. B. Producing vitamins. C. Breaking down fiber. D. Causing bacterial infections. 【答案】D 【解析】原文第二段提到微生物在人体中的作用：帮助消化食物（A选项）、分解人体无法自行消化的纤维（C选项）、产生人体所需的维生素（B选项）。D选项“引发细菌感染”是有害微生物的作用，且题干问的是“微生物在人体中的作用”，并非有害微生物的危害，故选D。 【考查知识点】细节理解题（反向选择），要求学生区分微生物在人体中的有益作用与有害影响，准确匹配选项。 8. The word "decomposition" in Paragraph 3 most probably means ______. A. 分解 B. 生长 C. 繁殖 D. 净化 【答案】A 【解析】结合上下文“Some microbes break down dead plants and animals into simple substances... This process is called decomposition”，微生物将死亡的动植物分解成简单物质，这个过程被称为“分解”，由此可推断“decomposition”意为“分解”。B选项“生长”、C选项“繁殖”、D选项“净化”均不符合语境，故选A。 【考查知识点】词义猜测题，要求学生结合上下文过程描述，推断生词含义，适配中职学生词汇水平。 9. Which of the following is NOT mentioned about the use of microbes? A. Making bread and wine. B. Making yogurt and cheese. C. Making antibiotics. D. Making vitamins. 【答案】D 【解析】原文第四段提到微生物的用途：制作面包和葡萄酒（A选项）、制作酸奶和奶酪（B选项）、制作抗生素（C选项）。D选项“制作维生素”是微生物在人体中的作用，并非人类对微生物的利用，故选D。 【考查知识点】细节理解题（反向选择），要求学生区分微生物的作用与人类对微生物的利用，准确匹配选项。 10. What is the main idea of this passage? A. To describe harmful microbes. B. To introduce the role of microbes in life and environment. C. To explain how microbes grow. D. To tell people how to use microbes. 【答案】B 【解析】文章第一段引出微生物的特点（微小、无处不在），第二段介绍微生物在人体中的作用，第三段介绍微生物在环境中的作用，第四段介绍人类对微生物的利用，全文核心是介绍微生物在生活和环境中的作用。A选项“描述有害微生物”仅为第一段部分内容；C选项“解释微生物如何生长”、D选项“告诉人们如何利用微生物”均未在文中详细提及，故选B。 【考查知识点】主旨大意题，要求学生把握科普说明文的核心内容，理解文章围绕“微生物的作用”展开的逻辑。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $