第8卷 阅读理解（科普说明类1）-【面向新考纲】江苏省（职教高考）英语专项训练卷（原卷版+解析版）

江苏省中职高考英语阅读理解专项训练卷（科普说明类） （1） （考试时间：30分钟　满分：20分） ──────────────────────────────────────────── 一、阅读下列短文，从题后所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳答案。（每题2分，共20分） A How Do Bees Communicate? Bees are amazing insects that live in large groups called hives. They work together to find food and keep their hive safe. Unlike humans, bees cannot talk or write, but they have their own special ways to communicate with each other. Their communication skills are key to the survival of the whole hive. The most famous way bees communicate is through dance. When a worker bee finds a good source of food—like flowers with nectar (花蜜) or pollen (花粉)—it flies back to the hive and performs a dance. There are two main types of dances: the round dance and the waggle dance. The round dance tells other bees that the food is close to the hive, within 100 meters. The waggle dance is more complex: it shows both the direction and the distance of the food. In the waggle dance, the bee moves in a figure-eight pattern. The straight part of the dance (called the waggle run) points to the direction of the food. If the waggle run is straight up, the food is towards the sun. If it is to the left or right, the food is in that direction relative to the sun. The number of waggle runs per minute tells other bees how far the food is—the more waggle runs, the closer the food. Bees also communicate using pheromones (信息素), which are special chemicals they produce. Pheromones can send different messages: some warn other bees of danger, some attract worker bees to a new food source, and others help bees recognize members of their own hive. For example, when a bee finds danger, it releases a special pheromone that makes other bees fly away quickly. 1. According to the passage, how do bees communicate? A. By talking and writing. B. By dancing and pheromones. C. By making loud noises. D. By changing their colors. 【答案】B 【解析】原文第二段提到蜜蜂最著名的交流方式是舞蹈，第四段提到蜜蜂还通过信息素交流，即蜜蜂通过舞蹈和信息素两种方式交流。A选项“通过说话和写字”与原文“cannot talk or write”矛盾；C选项“通过制造大声噪音”、D选项“通过改变颜色”均未在文中提及，故选B。 【考查知识点】细节理解题，要求学生定位原文中蜜蜂的交流方式，准确匹配选项。 2. All of the following are mentioned about the waggle dance EXCEPT ______. A. It shows the direction of the food. B. It has a figure-eight pattern. C. It tells bees the food is close. D. It shows the distance of the food. 【答案】C 【解析】原文第三段提到摆尾舞的特点：呈八字形（B选项）、直线部分指示食物方向（A选项）、摆尾次数表示食物距离（D选项）。C选项“告诉蜜蜂食物很近”是圆形舞的作用，而非摆尾舞，故选C。 【考查知识点】细节理解题（反向选择），要求学生逐一核对选项与原文信息，选出未提及的内容。 3. The word "complex" in Paragraph 3 most probably means ______. A. 简单的 B. 复杂的 C. 快速的 D. 缓慢的 【答案】B 【解析】结合上下文“The waggle dance is more complex: it shows both the direction and the distance of the food”，冒号后提到摆尾舞能同时显示食物的方向和距离，而前文提到的圆形舞只能说明食物很近，由此可推断“complex”意为“复杂的”。A选项“简单的”与语境相反；C选项“快速的”、D选项“缓慢的”均不符合语境，故选B。 【考查知识点】词义猜测题，要求学生结合上下文对比描述，推断生词含义，适配中职学生词汇水平。 4. Why do bees release special pheromones when they find danger? A. To attract other bees to the food source. B. To tell other bees to fly away quickly. C. To help bees recognize their hive members. D. To show the direction of the danger. 【答案】B 【解析】原文第四段提到“when a bee finds danger, it releases a special pheromone that makes other bees fly away quickly”，即蜜蜂发现危险时释放特殊信息素，是为了让其他蜜蜂快速飞走。A选项“吸引其他蜜蜂到食物来源”、C选项“帮助蜜蜂识别 hive 成员”是其他信息素的作用；D选项“显示危险的方向”未在文中提及，故选B。 【考查知识点】细节理解题，要求学生定位原文具体信息，准确匹配题干问题与答案。 5. What is the main purpose of this passage?（原创题） A. To explain how bees communicate with each other. B. To warn people of the dangers of bees. C. To describe the different types of bees. D. To introduce how bees find food. 【答案】A 【解析】文章第一段引出蜜蜂有自己的交流方式，第二段至第四段分别介绍蜜蜂的两种主要交流方式——舞蹈（圆形舞、摆尾舞）和信息素，全文核心目的是解释蜜蜂如何相互交流。B选项“警告人们蜜蜂的危险”、C选项“描述不同种类的蜜蜂”、D选项“介绍蜜蜂如何寻找食物”均未在文中提及，故选A。 【考查知识点】主旨大意题，要求学生把握文章核心目的，理解文章整体逻辑结构。 B The Magic of Lightning Lightning is a common natural phenomenon that we often see during thunderstorms. It is a bright flash of electricity in the sky, usually followed by thunder. Many people are afraid of lightning, but it is not just a dangerous force—it also plays an important role in nature. Lightning forms when there is a big difference in electricity between clouds, or between clouds and the ground. Inside a storm cloud, small ice crystals and raindrops bump into each other, creating static electricity (静电). Positive electricity gathers at the top of the cloud, and negative electricity gathers at the bottom. When the difference in electricity becomes too big, a flash of lightning happens to balance the two charges. Lightning can be very powerful. A single lightning bolt can carry millions of volts (伏特) of electricity and reach a temperature of over 30,000 degrees Celsius—five times hotter than the surface of the sun. This extreme heat makes the air around the lightning expand quickly, which creates the sound of thunder. We see lightning before we hear thunder because light travels much faster than sound. Although lightning is dangerous, it is also helpful to nature. Lightning can turn nitrogen (氮) in the air into a form that plants can use. This helps plants grow better. Lightning also cleans the air by killing harmful bacteria and pollutants. In addition, lightning creates ozone (臭氧), which protects the Earth from harmful ultraviolet (紫外线) rays from the sun. 6. How does lightning form? A. When ice crystals and raindrops freeze in the cloud. B. When there is a big difference in electricity between clouds or clouds and the ground. C. When the sun is too hot and heats the air. D. When wind blows strongly between clouds. 【答案】B 【解析】原文第二段明确提到“Lightning forms when there is a big difference in electricity between clouds, or between clouds and the ground”，即当云层之间或云层与地面之间存在巨大的电力差异时，就会形成闪电。A选项“当冰晶和雨滴在云中冻结时”、C选项“当太阳太热加热空气时”、D选项“当风在云层之间强烈吹拂时”均未在文中提及，故选B。 【考查知识点】细节理解题，要求学生捕捉原文中闪电形成的原因，准确匹配选项。 7. What is the temperature of a single lightning bolt? A. Over 30,000 degrees Celsius. B. 30,000 degrees Celsius. C. Five times colder than the sun’s surface. D. As hot as the sun’s surface. 【答案】A 【解析】原文第三段提到“A single lightning bolt can carry millions of volts of electricity and reach a temperature of over 30,000 degrees Celsius—five times hotter than the surface of the sun”，即单个闪电的温度超过30000摄氏度。B选项“30000摄氏度”缺少“over”，与原文不符；C选项“比太阳表面冷五倍”、D选项“和太阳表面一样热”均与原文“比太阳表面热五倍”不符，故选A。 【考查知识点】细节理解题，要求学生捕捉原文中的具体数字和对比信息，准确匹配选项。 8. The word "gathers" in Paragraph 2 most probably means ______. A. 分散 B. 聚集 C. 消失 D. 产生 【答案】B 【解析】结合上下文“Positive electricity gathers at the top of the cloud, and negative electricity gathers at the bottom”，正电在云顶、负电在云底，由此可推断“gathers”意为“聚集”。A选项“分散”与语境相反；C选项“消失”、D选项“产生”均不符合语境，故选B。 【考查知识点】词义猜测题，要求学生结合上下文语境，推断生词（英文词对应中文释义）的含义，适配中职学生词汇水平。 9. Which of the following is a benefit of lightning? A. It creates static electricity in clouds. B. It makes the air very cold. C. It helps plants grow by providing usable nitrogen. D. It causes thunderstorms. 【答案】C 【解析】原文第四段提到“Lightning can turn nitrogen in the air into a form that plants can use. This helps plants grow better”，即闪电的一个好处是将空气中的氮转化为植物可利用的形式，帮助植物生长。A选项“在云中产生静电”是闪电形成的过程，而非好处；B选项“让空气变得很冷”、D选项“引发雷暴”均不是闪电的好处，故选C。 【考查知识点】细节理解题，要求学生捕捉原文中闪电的益处，区分过程与好处。 10. What is the main idea of this passage? A. To explain how thunder is formed. B. To describe the dangers of lightning. C. To introduce lightning, its formation and benefits. D. To tell people how to stay safe during lightning. 【答案】C 【解析】文章第一段引出闪电这一自然现象，第二段介绍闪电的形成原因，第三段描述闪电的威力，第四段说明闪电的益处，全文核心是介绍闪电的相关知识，包括其形成和好处。A选项“解释雷声如何形成”仅为第三段部分内容；B选项“描述闪电的危险”仅为第四段开头部分；D选项“告诉人们闪电时如何保持安全”未在文中提及，故选C。 【考查知识点】主旨大意题，要求学生把握科普说明文的核心内容，理解文章整体逻辑。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 江苏省中职高考英语阅读理解专项训练卷（科普说明类） （1） （考试时间：30分钟　满分：20分） ──────────────────────────────────────────── 一、阅读下列短文，从题后所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳答案。（每题2分，共20分） A How Do Bees Communicate? Bees are amazing insects that live in large groups called hives. They work together to find food and keep their hive safe. Unlike humans, bees cannot talk or write, but they have their own special ways to communicate with each other. Their communication skills are key to the survival of the whole hive. The most famous way bees communicate is through dance. When a worker bee finds a good source of food—like flowers with nectar (花蜜) or pollen (花粉)—it flies back to the hive and performs a dance. There are two main types of dances: the round dance and the waggle dance. The round dance tells other bees that the food is close to the hive, within 100 meters. The waggle dance is more complex: it shows both the direction and the distance of the food. In the waggle dance, the bee moves in a figure-eight pattern. The straight part of the dance (called the waggle run) points to the direction of the food. If the waggle run is straight up, the food is towards the sun. If it is to the left or right, the food is in that direction relative to the sun. The number of waggle runs per minute tells other bees how far the food is—the more waggle runs, the closer the food. Bees also communicate using pheromones (信息素), which are special chemicals they produce. Pheromones can send different messages: some warn other bees of danger, some attract worker bees to a new food source, and others help bees recognize members of their own hive. For example, when a bee finds danger, it releases a special pheromone that makes other bees fly away quickly. 1. According to the passage, how do bees communicate? A. By talking and writing. B. By dancing and pheromones. C. By making loud noises. D. By changing their colors. 2. All of the following are mentioned about the waggle dance EXCEPT ______. A. It shows the direction of the food. B. It has a figure-eight pattern. C. It tells bees the food is close. D. It shows the distance of the food. 3. The word "complex" in Paragraph 3 most probably means ______. A. 简单的 B. 复杂的 C. 快速的 D. 缓慢的 4. Why do bees release special pheromones when they find danger? A. To attract other bees to the food source. B. To tell other bees to fly away quickly. C. To help bees recognize their hive members. D. To show the direction of the danger. 5. What is the main purpose of this passage?（原创题） A. To explain how bees communicate with each other. B. To warn people of the dangers of bees. C. To describe the different types of bees. D. To introduce how bees find food. B The Magic of Lightning Lightning is a common natural phenomenon that we often see during thunderstorms. It is a bright flash of electricity in the sky, usually followed by thunder. Many people are afraid of lightning, but it is not just a dangerous force—it also plays an important role in nature. Lightning forms when there is a big difference in electricity between clouds, or between clouds and the ground. Inside a storm cloud, small ice crystals and raindrops bump into each other, creating static electricity (静电). Positive electricity gathers at the top of the cloud, and negative electricity gathers at the bottom. When the difference in electricity becomes too big, a flash of lightning happens to balance the two charges. Lightning can be very powerful. A single lightning bolt can carry millions of volts (伏特) of electricity and reach a temperature of over 30,000 degrees Celsius—five times hotter than the surface of the sun. This extreme heat makes the air around the lightning expand quickly, which creates the sound of thunder. We see lightning before we hear thunder because light travels much faster than sound. Although lightning is dangerous, it is also helpful to nature. Lightning can turn nitrogen (氮) in the air into a form that plants can use. This helps plants grow better. Lightning also cleans the air by killing harmful bacteria and pollutants. In addition, lightning creates ozone (臭氧), which protects the Earth from harmful ultraviolet (紫外线) rays from the sun. 6. How does lightning form? A. When ice crystals and raindrops freeze in the cloud. B. When there is a big difference in electricity between clouds or clouds and the ground. C. When the sun is too hot and heats the air. D. When wind blows strongly between clouds. 7. What is the temperature of a single lightning bolt? A. Over 30,000 degrees Celsius. B. 30,000 degrees Celsius. C. Five times colder than the sun’s surface. D. As hot as the sun’s surface. 8. The word "gathers" in Paragraph 2 most probably means ______. A. 分散 B. 聚集 C. 消失 D. 产生 9. Which of the following is a benefit of lightning? A. It creates static electricity in clouds. B. It makes the air very cold. C. It helps plants grow by providing usable nitrogen. D. It causes thunderstorms. 10. What is the main idea of this passage? A. To explain how thunder is formed. B. To describe the dangers of lightning. C. To introduce lightning, its formation and benefits. D. To tell people how to stay safe during lightning. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $