精品解析：2026届上海师范大学附属中学高三第二学程阶段英语试卷

One listening comprehension section a directions. In section a, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said, the conversations and the questions will be spoken only once after you hear a conversation and the question about IT, you will have seven seconds to decide which choice is the best answer to the question you have heard. Now you have one hundred seconds to read all the choices on the screen . when I need to buy some high quality paper, but I didn't see any on that shelf. Let me go back to the stockroom to have a look question. What does the woman want to buy? Two, tom, you look awful today. What's wrong with you? Just the exams, you know, I haven't taken any for years since . graduation. What does time imply? Three, do you know about the science fiction fair on saturday? Of course, I wouldn't miss IT for the world question. What does the woman mean? For mike, what are you doing on your computer? Don't you remember your promise? This is not a game. It's only crossword puzzle that hopes increase. My broke . cabuli question, what has make promise to you? Five, last monday, when I was a doctor Smith s office, I spent over an hour in the waiting room. Really, something must have come up that day. Question, what does the woman imply about doctor smith? Six, you call mary a dreamer, but I think she's got a lot of good ideas. Good ideas are only useful if you make something out of them. Question, why does the man think that mary is a dreamer? Seven, with so little time left to study for the history final, I think we should concentrate on going over our lecture notes. That sounds good. At least we have an idea what professor Martin thinks. Important question, how did the speakers plan to prepare for the exam? Eight, would you like to come with me to the Opera tonight? I've an extra ticket, and I think I will take your mind off that math problem that you've been struggling with for the last two hours. That'll be great. But the Opera isn't what italian, right? I think I have a Better chance of understanding this math problem. Question, what does the man imply? Nine, the conference on career planning is only a month away, but there are still a few things that are organizing committee needs to work out. It's clear that we'd Better meet again and soon. Would you mind setting IT out question? What does the woman want the man to do? Ten, oh, we had the best tour guide when we were in san Francisco. I recommend him very highly for when you go there next month. Thanks, but i'll be staying with my family. And they are taking care of everything. Question, what does the woman imply? Section b directions in section b, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, you will have seven seconds to decide which choice would be the best answer to the question. You've heard questions eleven through thirteen are based on the following passage. Now you have thirty seconds to read all the choices on the screen. Community service is an important component of education. Here at our university, we encourage all students to volunteer for at least one community activity before they graduate. A new community program called one on one helps elementary students who fAllen behind u. Education majors might be especially interested in IT because IT offers the opportunity to do some teaching, that is, tutoring in math and english. You'd have to volunteer two hours a week for one semester. You can choose to help a child with math, english or both. Half hour lessons are fine, so you could do a half hour of each subject two days a week. Professor dodge will act as an instructor to the tutors. He'll be available to help you with lesson plans or to offer suggestions for activities. He has office hours every tuesday and thursday afternoon. You can sign up for the program with him and begin the tutor next week. I'm sure you'll enjoy this community service and you'll gain valuable experience at the same time, IT looks good on your resume too, showing that you've had experience with children and that you care about your community if you'd like to sign up or if you have any questions, stop by professor dodge's office this week. Now listen again. Community service is an important component of education here at our university, we encourage all students to volunteer for at least one community activity before they graduate. A new community program called one on one helps elementary students who fAllen behind u. Education majors might be especially interested in IT because IT offers the opportunity to do some teaching, that is, tutoring in math and english. You'd have to volunteer two hours a week for one semester. You can choose to help a child with math, english or both. Half hour lessons are fine, so you could do a half hour of each subject two days a week. Professor dodge will act as an instructor to the tutors. He'll be available to help you with lesson plans or to offer suggestions for activities. He has office hours every tuesday and thursday afternoon. You can sign up for the program with him and begin the tutor next week. I'm sure you'll enjoy this community service and you'll gain valuable experience at the same time, IT looks good on your resume, too, showing that you've had experience with children and that you care about your community. If you you'd like to sign up or if you have any questions, stop by professor dodger's office this week. Questions eleven, what is the purpose of the talk? Twelve, what is the purpose of the program the speaker describes? Thirteen, what does professor dodge do? Questions fourteen through sixteen are based on the following passage. Now you have thirty seconds to read all the choices on the screen public. Picasso, the famous spanish artist of the early twenty th century, was a pioneer in the art movement called cubism before his involvement with cubism, picasso experienced a period in his career, famously referred to as the blue period, noted for its dominant use of blue and Green shades, taken base set teams and relative moods. Recent technological advancements have allowed scientists to see beneath the surface of some of picasso's blue period masterpieces. Using tools such as infrared imaging, x ray scanner and advanced microscopy. Researchers have uncovered that these paintings did not initially bear the blue that famously defines this era. Instead, the underlying layers reveal a combination of oranges and yellows, colors traditionally associated with warmth. This revelation suggests that because so might have initially painted these scenes with a much lighter, perhaps more optimistic tone, however, he later chose to, over ladies with shades of blue, possibly to match the paintings with the sad and reflective emotions he wanted to convey. This clearing technique not only highlights picasso's dynamic approach to his art, but also reflects his consideration of color as a medium to express the complex human emotions reflected in his works. Now listen again. Power picasso. the famous finish artist of the early twenty th century, was a pioneer in the art movement called cubism before his involvement with cubism, but also experienced the period in his career, famously referred to as the blue period, noted for its dominant use of blue and Green shades to convey that themes and relative moods, recent technological advancements have allowed scientists to see beneath the surface of some of picasso's blue period masterpieces. Using tools such as infor red imaging, x ray scanner and advanced microscopy, researchers have uncovered that these paintings did not initially bear the blue that famously defined this era. Instead, the underlying layers reveal a combination of oranges and yellows, colors traditionally associated with warmth. This revelation suggests that picasso might have initially painted these scenes with a much lighter, perhaps more optimistic tone. However, he later chose to overlay these with shades of blue, possibly to match the paintings with the sad and reflective emotions he wanted to convey. This learning technique not only highlights picasso's dynamic approach to his art, but also reflects his consideration of color as a medium to express the complex human emotions reflected in his works. Questions fourteen, what is the passage mainly about? Fifteen, what colors were originally used in some of picasso's blue period paintings? Sixteen, why did picasso possibly overlay the original warmer colors of his paintings with shades of blue during his blue period? Questions seventeen, three, twenty are based on the following conversation. Now you have forty seconds to read all the choices on the screen. Did you know that during childhood, everything in your body . is growing really like what your . bones are getting longer, your body is getting taller, and even your feet grow so quickly that you might need new shoes every few months? Wow, that's a lot of growth. Is there anything that doesn't grow like that? Yes. actually, your teeth don't join in that extended growth period. They stay the same size while the rest of you grows around them. Why don't teeth growth like other parts of the body? It's because teeth are covered in a hard substance called the nemo. A naval doesn't grow or change, and like bones and hair. So what happens with our baby teeth if they don't grow? Baby teeth are the right size for a baby's mouth, but they're not big a for an adult mouth. That's why we replace them with a whole new set . of adult teeth. That makes sense. It's amazing how our bodies know exactly what to do to adopt as we grow. Now listen again. Did you know that during childhood, everything in your body . is growing really like what your . bones are getting longer, your body is getting taller, and even your feet grow so quickly that you might need new shoes every few months? Wow, that's a lot of growth. Is there anything that doesn't grow like that? Yes, actually, your teeth don't join in that extended growth period. They stay the same size while the rest of you grows around them. Why don't teeth grow like other parts of the body? It's because teeth are covered in a hard substance called a nmo. A nmo doesn't grow or change and like bones and hair. So what happens with our baby teeth if they don't grow? Baby teeth are the right size for a baby's mouth, but they're not big in a fun adult mouth. That's why we replace them with a whole new set of . adult teeth that makes sense. It's amazing how our bodies is not exactly what to do to adopt as we grow. Questions seventeen, what are the speakers mainly talking about? Eighteen, which of the following stay the same size, even if a person is growing? Nineteen, what can be learned about a namal from the conversation? Twenty, what happens to baby teeth as a person grows? 26届高三26年第二学程阶段 英语试卷 I. Listening Comprehension Section A 1. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. Some paper. B. Some stockings. C. A book. D. A shelf. 【答案】A 【解析】 【原文】W: I need to buy some high-quality paper, but I didn’t see any on that shelf. M: Let me go back to the stockroom to have a look. Q: What does the woman want to buy? 2. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. He is nervous about the exams. B. He failed in the graduation exam. C. He is not well-prepared for the exam. D. He is worried about the result of the exam. 【答案】A 【解析】 【原文】W: Tom, you look awful today. What’s wrong with you? M: Just the exams. You know, I haven’t taken any for years since graduation. Q: What does Tom imply? 3. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. She plans to attend the fair. B. She doesn’t like science fiction. C. She has already seen the movie. D. She can’t meet the man on Saturday. 【答案】A 【解析】 【原文】M: Do you know about the science fiction fair on Saturday? W: Of course, I wouldn’t miss it for the world. Q: What does the woman mean? 4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. Not to play any computer game. B. Not to do any crossword puzzle. C. To help the woman repair the computer. D. To spend more time on vocabulary. 【答案】A 【解析】 【原文】W: Mike, what are you doing on your computer? Don’t you remember your promise? M: This is not a game. It’s only a crossword puzzle that helps increase my vocabulary. Q: What has Mike promised to do? 5. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. He seldom keeps his patients waiting for long. B. He forgets to put the man on his schedule. C. He is hard to make an appointment with. D. He is usually very busy every Monday. 【答案】A 【解析】 【原文】M: Last Monday when I was at Doctor Smith’s Office, I spent over an hour in the waiting room. W: Really? Something must have come up that day. Q: What does the woman imply about Doctor Smith? 6. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. She doesn’t put her ideas into practice. B. She likes to sleep. C. She doesn’t have many ideas. D. She has too many dreams. 【答案】A 【解析】 【原文】W: You call Mary a dreamer, but I think she’s got a lot of good ideas. M: Good ideas are only useful if you make something out of them. Q: Why does the man think that Mary is a dreamer? 7. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. Review the notes of the lectures. B. Talk with their professor. C. Reread their textbooks. D. Go over their homework assignments. 【答案】A 【解析】 【原文】W: With so little time left to study for the history final, I think we should concentrate on going over our lecture notes. M: That sounds good. At least we have an idea what Professor Martin thinks important. Q: How do the speakers plan to prepare for the exam? 8. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. He doesn’t want to go to the opera. B. He can’t afford to buy the ticket. C. He needs a break from the math problem. D. He’ll meet the woman if he finishes the math problem. 【答案】A 【解析】 【原文】W: Would you like to come with me to the opera tonight? I’ve an extra ticket and I think it will take your mind off that math problem that you’ve been struggling with for the last two hours. M: That’ll be great but the opera is in what? Italian, right? I think I have a better chance of understanding this math problem. Q: What does the man imply? 9. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. Schedule a committee meeting. B. Join her committee soon. C. Form a new organizing committee. D. Find out when the conference will be held. 【答案】A 【解析】 【原文】M: The conference on career planning is only a month away, but there are still a few things that our organizing committee needs to work out. W: It’s clear that we’d better meet again and soon. Would you mind setting it out? Q: What does the woman want the man to do? 10. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. She won’t need a tour guide. B. She has visited San Francisco before. C. She isn’t expecting her trip. D. The man should have called her relatives. 【答案】A 【解析】 【原文】M: Oh, we had the best tour guide when we were in San Francisco. I recommend him very highly for when you go there next month. W: Thanks, but I’ll be staying with my family and they are taking care of everything. Q: What does the woman imply? Section B 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 11. A. To interest students in a community service project. B. To explain a new requirement for graduation. C. To discuss the problems of elementary school students. D. To enroll elementary school teachers for a special program. 12. A. To offer tutorials to elementary school students. B. To find jobs for graduating students. C. To help education majors prepare for final exams. D. To provide funding for a community service project. 13. A. He gives support to students participating in the program. B. He observes elementary school students in the classroom. C. He teaches part-time in an elementary school. D. He helps students prepare their resumés. 【答案】11. A 12. A 13. A 【解析】 【原文】Community service is an important component of education here at our university. We encourage all students to volunteer for at least one community activity before they graduate. A new community program called “One on One” helps elementary students who’ve fallen behind. You education majors might be especially interested in it, because it offers the opportunity to do some teaching—that is tutoring in math and English. You’d have to volunteer two hours a week for one semester. You can choose to help a child with math, English or both. Half-hour lessons are fine, so you could do a half hour of each subject two days a week. Professor Dodge will act as an instructor to the tutors. He’ll be available to help you with lesson plans or to offer suggestions for activities. He has office hours every Tuesday and Thursday afternoon. You can sign up for the program with him and begin the tutoring next week. I’m sure you’ll enjoy this community service and you’ll gain valuable experience at the same time. It looks good on your resumé too, showing that you’ve had experience with children and that you care about your community. If you’d like to sign up or if you have any questions, stop by Professor Dodge’s office this week. Questions 11. What is the purpose of the talk? 12. What is the purpose of the program the speaker describes? 13. What does Professor Dodge do? 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 14. A. A new discovery about Picasso’s paintings. B. The value of Picasso’s masterpieces. C. A change in Picasso’s painting style. D. The characteristics of Picasso’s works. 15. A. Orange and yellow. B. Red and brown. C. Black and white. D. Purple and pink. 16. A. To better convey the emotions he intended. B. To correct mistakes in the initial painting process. C. To improve the technical quality of the paintings. D. To experiment with different color combinations. 【答案】14. A 15. A 16. A 【解析】 【原文】 Pablo Picasso, the famous Spanish artist of the early 20th century, was a pioneer in the art movement called Cubism. Before his involvement with Cubism, Picasso experienced a period in his career famously referred to as the Blue Period, noted for its dominant use of blue and green shades to convey sad themes and relative moods. Recent technological advancements have allowed scientists to see beneath the surface of some of Picasso’s Blue Period masterpieces. Using tools such as infrared imaging, X-ray scanners, and advanced microscopy, researchers have uncovered that these paintings did not initially bear the blue that famously defines this era. Instead, the underlying layers reveal a combination of oranges and yellows — colors traditionally associated with warmth. This revelation suggests that Picasso might have initially painted these scenes with a much lighter, perhaps more optimistic tone. However, he later chose to overlay these with shades of blue, possibly to match the paintings with the sad and reflective emotions he wanted to convey. This layering technique not only highlights Picasso’s dynamic approach to his art but also reflects his consideration of color as a medium to express the complex human emotions reflected in his works. Questions 14. What is the passage mainly about? 15. What colors were originally used in some of Picasso’s Blue Period paintings? 16. Why did Picasso possibly overlay the original warmer colors of his paintings with shades of blue during his Blue Period? 听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 17. A. A fact about teeth. B. Why our body grows. C. Childhood memories. D. How fast feet grow. 18. A. Teeth. B. Feet. C. Bones. D. Hair. 19. A. They don’t grow or change. B. They are located inside each tooth. C. They are made of bones. D. They don’t develop until adulthood. 20. A. They are replaced by adult teeth. B. They grow larger to fit the adult mouth. C. They change their shape. D. They are combined to form larger teeth. 【答案】17. A 18. A 19. A 20. A 【解析】 【原文】W: Did you know that during childhood, everything in your body is growing? M: Really? Like what? W: Your bones are getting longer, your body is getting taller, and even your feet grow so quickly that you might need new shoes every few months. M: Wow, that’s a lot of growth! Is there anything that doesn’t grow like that? W: Yes, actually. Your teeth don’t join in that extended growth period. They stay the same size while the rest of you grows around them. M: Why don’t teeth grow like other parts of the body? W: It’s because teeth are covered in a hard substance called enamel. Enamel doesn’t grow or change, unlike bones and hair. M: So what happens with our baby teeth if they don’t grow? W: Baby teeth are the right size for a baby’s mouth, but they’re not big enough for an adult mouth. That’s why we replace them with a whole new set of adult teeth. M: That makes sense. It’s amazing how our bodies know exactly what to do to adapt as we grow! Questions 17. What are the speakers mainly talking about? 18. Which of the following stay the same size even if a person is growing? 19. What can be learned about enamel from the conversation? 20. What happens to baby teeth as a person grows? II. Speaking Section A Directions: Read aloud the following two sentences. For each sentence, you will have thirty seconds to prepare and fifteen seconds to read. 1. Under the tree, friends are sharing laughter and secrets happily. 2. As night fell, stars emerged in the dark sky, a timeless spectacle that stimulated curiosity and wonder in all who gazed upward. Section B Directions: Read aloud the following passage. You will have one minute to prepare and thirty seconds to read. School is more than just a place of learning; it’s a playground for curiosity. Encouraging students to ask questions and explore opens doors to endless possibilities. Curiosity fuels discovery, lighting a passion for knowledge that extends far beyond the classroom. It’s the driving force behind scientific breakthroughs, artistic masterpieces, and technological innovations. When curiosity is nurtured, students become fearless explorers, eager to unravel the mysteries of the world around them. In the realm of education, fostering curiosity is not just a goal but a fundamental principle, empowering students to embrace the unknown and embark on a journey of lifelong learning. Section C Directions: Ask two questions about each situation given below. At least one special question should be asked about each situation. Questions 1~2: You are going to write an article about renewable energy sources, so you want to borrow some books from the school library. Ask the librarian two questions. Questions 3~4: You want to join a fitness club in your school. You go to the student in charge and ask her about it. Section D Directions: You will have one minute to prepare and another minute to talk in at least five sentences about the following pictures. Begin your talk with the sentence given: It was the first day of the Long Holiday. III. Listening and Speaking Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear four sentences. Make quick responses to the sentences you have heard. 1. The hat goes really well with your shirt. 2. Hurry up. We’ve got to leave at 1:30. 3. Would you like something to drink? 4. Hi, Sandy! Haven’t seen you in ages! Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear a short passage. The passage will be read twice. After you hear the passage, answer the first question with the information you hear and the second question in your own opinion with at least 3 sentences. For the first question, you will have 30 seconds to prepare and 30 seconds to talk. For the second question, you will have one minute to prepare and another minute to talk. 1. List two of the features of good criticism, as mentioned in the passage. 2. What do you think is the best way to offer criticism? Why? III. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits the blank. Interested in writing, photography or current events? Looking for an experience ____21____ (inspire) your college essays? Or hoping to explore a world-class city with new friends this summer? ____22____ so, check out the Boston University Summer Journalism Academy. It’s a program created and run by Boston University, ____23____ high school students: ●   Learn from award-winning, working journalists — including two who ____24____ (share) Pulitzer Prizes for their reporting. ●   Report on actual events around Boston or your hometown. ●   Place stories with Boston’s Daily Free Press, one of the top college newspapers. ●   Improve their writing, interviewing, and research skills — applicable to any major and career. The academy offers two options: ____25____ on-campus, residential program over three weeks for students with journalism experience, and a learn-from-home program over two weeks for all experience levels. For students ____26____ (draw) to photography, we offer a special photojournalism track for both. Every option ____27____ (organize) in three sections: ●   Classroom starts each day with a review of journalism fundamentals in a collegiate format. A university-level journalism textbook provides daily readings and writing assignments. ●   Newsroom provides time for students to apply ____28____ they learn in the classroom to hands-on journalism assignments. Over the rest of their day, students conduct interviews and gather information. ●   Guest Talks offer students advice and insight ____29____ journalism experts in topics such as radio reporting and journalism learning in college. Sessions feature a Guest Talk during each three-week session. Students also visit city newsrooms to hear from famous reporters. Applications for the on-campus session from June 24 to July 12 are due: April 19. Applications for learn-at-home sessions ____30____ (start) from June 17, July 1, and July 15 are due: May 10. 【答案】21. to inspire 22. If 23. where 24. have shared##shared 25. an 26. drawn 27. is organized##will be organized 28. what 29. from 30. starting 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了波士顿大学暑期新闻学院的相关信息。 【21题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：寻找能激发你大学论文灵感的经历吗？此处用不定式作后置定语，修饰experience，表示“一种用来启发……的经历”。故填to inspire。 【22题详解】 考查连词。句意：如果是这样，那就来看看波士顿大学暑期新闻学院吧。if so表示“如果是这样”，固定搭配。故填If。 【23题详解】 考查介词。句意：这是一个由波士顿大学为高中生创建和运营的项目。空处引导非限定性定语从句，修饰先行词a program，先行词在定语从句中作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导该从句。故填where。 【24题详解】 考查时态。句意：向屡获殊荣的在职记者学习——其中包括两位因报道而共享普利策奖的记者。空处为句子的谓语动词。这里可以强调过去的动作对现在的影响，用现在完成时。也可用表示过去发生的动作，用一般过去时。故填have shared/shared。 【25题详解】 考查冠词。句意：学院提供两种选择：一个为期三周的针对有新闻经验学生的校园住宿项目，以及一个为期两周的适合所有经验水平的在家学习项目。program为可数名词，此处表示泛指“一个校园住宿项目”，且on-campus发音以元音音素开头，需用不定冠词an修饰。故填an。 【26题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：对于喜欢摄影的学生，我们为两者都提供了专门的新闻摄影课程。空处需填非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰名词students，二者为逻辑动宾关系，需用过去分词形式作定语。故填drawn。 【27题详解】 考查时态和语态。句意：每个选项都分为三个部分。主语Every option与organize之间是被动关系，且此处描述的是一般情况，用一般现在时的被动语态。也可以表示将要发生的动作，用一般将来时的被动语态。故填 is organized/will be organized。 【28题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：新闻编辑室为学生提供了将课堂上学到的知识应用到实际新闻工作中的时间。此处是宾语从句，引导词在从句中作learn的宾语，表示“……的东西”，用what引导该从句。故填what。 【29题详解】 考查介词。句意：嘉宾演讲为学生提供来自新闻专家的建议和见解，主题包括广播报道和大学新闻学习等。结合语境可知，此处表示“来自新闻专家的建议和见解”，需用介词from。故填from。 【30题详解】 考查现在分词。句意：从6月17日、7月1日和7月15日开始的在家学习课程的申请截止日期为5月10日。此处作后置定语，修饰sessions，sessions和start是主动关系，用现在分词。故填starting。 Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. fuel B. escape C. equivalents D. patterns E. wrestle F. contain G. promoting H. games I. rank J. forcing K. addressing California’s Growing Wildfire Crisis California’s wildfires have been fueled by increasingly dangerous conditions over the past two decades, creating a growing crisis. The recent Mountain Fire in Ventura County highlights this alarming trend. Over 10,000 residents were forced to ____31____ their homes as the fire quickly spread, injuring at least 10 people and leaving dozens of houses in ashes. In just two days, the blaze consumed over 20,000 acres, ____32____ Governor Gavin Newsom to declare a state of emergency. Experts point to a destructive “environmental recipe.” Before the fire, forecasters issued a rare Red Flag warning, cautioning that dry winds and low humidity could turn into ____33____ for fast-spreading wildfires. When the Mountain Fire erupted, strong Santa Ana winds carried embers (灰烬) far and wide, while vegetation from two unusually wet winters acted as ready ____34____. As a result, the fire could escalate rapidly, leaving firefighters struggling to ____35____ it. Climate change has further shifted the landscape. Rising temperatures and prolonged droughts have made vegetation drier and more ignitable. At the same time, wetter winters have encouraged plant growth that later dries out, becoming kindling for fires. Fall and winter blazes, unlike their summer ____36____, are driven by intense winds and lower humidity, making them harder to control. Many historical ____37____ show the severity of this trend. The Woolsey Fire in 2018 and the Thomas Fire in 2017, both occurring in winter, ____38____ among California’s most destructive. Additionally, more than half of the state’s largest fires have been recorded in the last decade, underscoring the role of climate change. As California continues to ____39____ with worsening wildfires, the stakes grow higher. Without ____40____ these environmental shifts, the battle against fire will become an even more difficult game of survival. 【答案】31. B 32. J 33. H 34. A 35. F 36. C 37. D 38. I 39. E 40. K 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了加州日益严重的野火危机。 【31题详解】 考查动词。句意：随着火势迅速蔓延，1万多名居民被迫逃离家园，至少10人受伤，数十座房屋化为灰烬。根据“their homes as the fire quickly spread, injuring at least 10 people and leaving dozens of houses in ashes”以及句意“逃离”可知应用动词escape，且上文为短语be forced to do sth.。故选B。 【32题详解】 考查动词。句意：在短短两天内，大火烧毁了2万多英亩土地，迫使州长加文·纽森宣布进入紧急状态。根据“Governor Gavin Newsom to declare a state of emergency.”以及句意“迫使”可知应用动词force，此处用现在分词作状语。故选J。 【33题详解】 考查名词。句意：火灾发生前，预报员发布了罕见的红旗警告，警告说干燥的风和低湿度可能会成为快速蔓延的野火的游戏。根据“for fast-spreading wildfires”以及句意“游戏”可知应用复数名词games，作宾语，故选H。 【34题详解】 考查名词。句意：当山火爆发时，强烈的圣安娜风把余烬吹到很远的地方，而两个异常潮湿的冬天的植被则成为现成的燃料。根据“When the Mountain Fire erupted”以及句意“燃料”可知应用名词fuel，作宾语。故选A。 【35题详解】 考查动词。句意：因此，火灾可能会迅速升级，让消防员难以控制火势。根据“the fire could escalate rapidly, leaving firefighters struggling to”以及句意“控制”可知应用动词contain，此处为不定式作宾语，故选F。 【36题详解】 考查名词。句意：秋季和冬季的火灾与夏季的对应不同，它们是由强风和较低的湿度驱动的，这使得它们更难控制。根据“Fall and winter blazes, unlike their summer”以及句意“对应”可知应用复数名词equivalents，作宾语，故选C。 【37题详解】 考查名词。句意：许多历史模式都表明了这一趋势的严重性。根据“show the severity of this trend”以及句意“模式”可知应用名词patterns，结合many可知为复数。故选D。 【38题详解】 考查动词。句意：2018年的伍尔西大火和2017年的托马斯大火都发生在冬季，排名加州最具破坏性的火灾之一。根据“among California’s most destructive”以及句意“排名”可知应用动词rank，作谓语，陈述事实用一般现在时，主语为The Woolsey Fire in 2018 and the Thomas Fire in 2017，谓语用原形。故选I。 【39题详解】 考查动词。句意：随着加州继续与不断恶化的野火作斗争，风险越来越高。根据“with worsening wildfires, the stakes grow higher”以及句意“作斗争”可知应用动词wrestle，此处为不定式作宾语，故选E。 【40题详解】 考查动词。句意：如果不解决这些环境变化，与火灾的斗争将成为一场更加艰难的生存游戏。根据“these environmental shifts”以及句意“解决”可知应用动名词addressing，作介词的宾语。故选K。 II. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Language allows us to describe actions, qualities, and relationships in both real and imagined experiences. A key question in linguistics (语言学) is how languages developed. Recent research suggests that iconicity — the connection between form and meaning — may have played a crucial role in the ___41___. People can’t overcome language barriers and understand each other without iconicity. We often use our hands and bodies, ___42___, to act out meanings, showing the sizes and shapes of objects. The key to forming new symbols is the use of iconicity. Not limited to ___43___, iconicity appears in visual communication too. Traffic signs, food packaging, and maps all use iconicity to make information easy to understand, regardless of the ___44___. Iconicity also exists in ___45___. To explore this, researchers organized a contest where participants recorded sounds to express different meanings. These sounds could not contain actual words or ___46___ expressions like “BOOM” for an explosion. Listeners then tried to match the sounds to a set of written options, and the contestant whose sounds were most accurately ___47___ won the contest. The results were surprising — listeners successfully identified the intended ___48___ of the sounds. Yet, all the contestants and listeners were English speakers. Thus, it was possible that listeners’ success relied on ___49___ cultural knowledge. To test if this phenomenon existed across ____50____, researchers conducted a broader Internet survey, translating the experiment into 25 languages. Participants from different linguistic backgrounds listened to the sounds and ____51____ their meanings from six written options. The findings showed ____52____ accuracy levels across different language groups. English speakers had the highest accuracy rate at 74%, while Portuguese speakers scored 34%. Though far from perfect, these results were much higher than the expected chance rate of 8%. These studies show that our capacity for iconic communication has played a fundamental role in language ____53____. Iconicity enables individuals to express meanings in ways that are not ____54____ dependent on specific linguistic knowledge. Without this ____55____, language may never have developed into the complex system we have today. 41. A. description B. style C. interaction D. process 42. A. as a result B. in particular C. for example D. in other words 43. A. objects B. formation C. understanding D. gesturing 44. A. language B. evidence C. hints D. explanation 45. A. cultures B. sounds C. labs D. competitions 46. A. sound-imitating B. carefully-chosen C. imaginary D. shocking 47. A. heard B. repeated C. interpreted D. recorded 48. A. meanings B. purposes C. volume D. speed 49. A. extensive B. shared C. traditional D. classic 50. A. cultures B. generations C. careers D. situations 51. A. added B. clarified C. acquired D. guessed 52. A. similar B. varying C. satisfactory D. experimental 53. A. ability B. acquisition C. evolution D. diversity 54. A. skillfully B. routinely C. vividly D. entirely 55. A. knowledge B. ability C. awareness D. finding 【答案】41. D 42. C 43. D 44. A 45. B 46. A 47. C 48. A 49. B 50. A 51. D 52. B 53. C 54. D 55. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要探讨了语言中“象似性”（iconicity）的重要性及其在跨文化沟通中的作用，通过实验证明象似性在语言发展和理解中的基础性功能。 【41题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：最近的研究表明，象似性——形式与意义之间的联系——可能在这一过程中起到了至关重要的作用。A. description描述；B. style风格；C. interaction互动；D. process过程。根据前文“how languages developed”可知，此处讨论讨论语言发展过程，故选D。 【42题详解】 考查短语词义辨析。句意：例如，我们经常用手和身体做出各种动作来表现意义，展示物体的大小和形状。A. as a result因此；B. in particular尤其；C. for example例如；D. in other words换句话说。根据后文“act out meanings”可知，此处是前文内容的具体例子，故选C。 【43题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：象似性不仅局限于手势语言，它也出现在视觉交流中。A. objects物体；B. formation形成；C. understanding理解；D. gesturing手势。前文“We often use our hands and bodies, ___2___, to act out meanings, showing the sizes and shapes of objects.”提到用手势（gesturing）表达，故选D。 【44题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：交通标志、食品包装和地图都运用象似性，让信息变得易于理解，而不受语言的限制。A. language语言；B. evidence证据；C. hints暗示；D. explanation解释。根据“regardless of”和后文“researchers conducted a broader Internet survey, translating the experiment into 25 languages.”的跨文化实验，可知，此处强调脱离语言的限制，故选A。 【45题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：象似性同样存在于声音之中。A. cultures文化；B. sounds声音；C. labs实验室；D. competitions比赛。后文“To explore this, researchers organized a contest where participants recorded sounds to express different meanings”用实验描述用声音表达意义，故选B。 【46题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这些声音不能包含实际的单词，也不能有类似 “BOOM”（模拟爆炸声）这样模仿声音的表达。A. sound-imitating拟声的；B. carefully-chosen精心挑选的；C. imaginary想象的；D. shocking令人震惊的。根据下文“like “BOOM” for an explosion”可知，“BOOM”是拟声词的举例，故选A。 【47题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后，听众尝试将这些声音与一组书面选项进行匹配，其声音被最准确解读的参赛者将赢得比赛。A. heard听到；B. repeated重复；C. interpreted解释；D. recorded记录。根据前文“Listeners then tried to match the sounds to a set of written options”可知，实验要求听众匹配声音与解读，故选C。 【48题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：结果令人惊讶 —— 听众成功识别出了这些声音想要表达的意义。A. meanings意义；B. purposes目的；C. volume音量；D. speed速度。根据前文“To explore this, researchers organized a contest where participants recorded sounds to express different meanings..”可知，实验目的是理解声音表达的意义，故选A。 【49题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：因此，听众的成功很可能依赖于共同的文化知识。A. extensive广泛的；B. shared共有的；C. traditional传统的；D. classic经典的。根据前文“all the contestants and listeners were English speakers.”可知，实验参与者均为英语使用者，依赖共同文化背景，故选B。 【50题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：为了检验这种现象是否在不同文化中都存在，研究人员进行了一项更广泛的互联网调查，将实验内容翻译成 25 种语言。A. cultures文化；B. generations世代；C. careers职业；D. situations情境。根据后文“researchers conducted a broader Internet survey, translating the experiment into 25 languages. Participants from different linguistic backgrounds listened to the sounds”可知，实验内容翻译成25种语言，因此此处强调跨文化，故选A。 【51题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：来自不同语言背景的参与者听这些声音，并从六个书面选项中猜测其意义。A. added添加；B. clarified澄清；C. acquired获得；D. guessed猜测。根据前文“To explore this, researchers organized a contest where participants recorded sounds to express different meanings.”和“Participants from different linguistic backgrounds listened to the sounds” 可知，研究人员进行了更广泛的网络调查，实验要求从选项中猜测声音含义，故选D。 【52题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：研究结果显示，不同语言群体的准确率各不相同。A. similar相似的；B. varying不同的；C. satisfactory满意的；D. experimental实验的 。根据后文“English speakers had the highest accuracy rate at 74%, while Portuguese speakers scored 34%.”可知，后文数据（74% vs 34%）表明准确率差异，故选B。 【53题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些研究表明，我们进行象似性交流的能力在语言的演变过程中发挥了基础性作用。A. ability能力；B. acquisition习得；C. evolution演化；D. diversity多样性。根据第一段的“A key question in linguistics (语言学) is how languages developed.”可知，全文围绕语言发展（development/evolution）展开，故选C。 【54题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：象似性使人们能够以不完全依赖于特定语言知识的方式表达意义。A. skillfully熟练地；B. routinely常规地；C. vividly生动地；D. entirely完全地。根据后文“dependent on specific linguistic knowledge”可推断，此处强调不完全依赖语言知识，故选D。 【55题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果没有这种能力，语言可能永远不会发展成我们如今所拥有的复杂系统。A. knowledge知识；B. ability能力；C. awareness意识；D. finding发现。根据前文“Iconicity enables individuals to express meanings in ways that are not ___14___ dependent on specific linguistic knowledge.”可知，此处指的是前文提到的，象似性作为沟通能力，故选B。 Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) The rock dove, a bird native to Europe and Western Asia, is the ancestor of the common urban pigeon. Settlers introduced rock doves to North America in the 1600s for meat and, over time, these birds escaped domestication and grew well in urban areas. Cities have a lot to offer pigeons, as tall buildings and window shelves can serve as nesting sites for rock doves. Urban residents provide plenty of food for pigeons either intentionally by feeding pigeons birdseed or bread or unintentionally by leaving out food waste. In addition to human-sourced food, pigeons have a broad diet, including seeds, berries, and insects. Pigeon enthusiasts also set domesticated birds free into the urban environment, where they later bring forth young. Pigeons’ ability to reproduce year-round leads to highly numerous pigeons in the city, which is an issue for urban wildlife managers. Although pigeons are socially paired, they live in groups of up to 500 birds and this persistent congregation can cause considerable conflicts with people. To ease conflicts with pigeons, managers have used several methods to prevent pigeon presence or reduce pigeon numbers. Managers have used deadly tools such as poisons. However, this approach typically doesn’t have sustained results because the remaining pigeons multiply rapidly. Further, many poisons are not species-specific and may harm other urban birds. Other programs aimed at reducing nest success involve removing the eggs and replacing them with fake eggs. They often fail because it can be difficult to access nests or attract pigeons to nest houses. Preventing conflicts ultimately relies on removing food sources for urban pigeons. For example, many urban residents feed pigeons in parks. This could be limited through public education campaigns or by carrying out feeding regulations. 56. Which of the following is NOT a reason for the survival of pigeons in urban areas? A. Pigeon-friendly climate. B. Availability of habitats. C. Rich food supply. D. Freeing domesticated pigeons. 57. The word “congregation” (paragraph 3) is closest in meaning to ________. A. introduction B. gathering C. reproduction D. nesting 58. From the sentence “this approach typically...” in the last paragraph, we can infer that the approach ________. A. needs to be used repeatedly B. is not effective in the long run C. reduces pigeon numbers greatly D. works when pigeons multiply 59. It can be concluded from the passage that ________. A. urban pigeons tend to act independently B. it is difficult for pigeons to adapt to cities C. stopping feeding pigeons is key to controlling their numbers D. alternative methods to reduce pigeon numbers are being explored 【答案】56. A 57. B 58. B 59. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了城市中鸽子泛滥的问题，介绍了鸽子数量多的原因以及应对方法。 【56题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“Cities have a lot to offer pigeons, as tall buildings and window shelves can serve as nesting sites for rock doves. Urban residents provide plenty of food for pigeons either intentionally by feeding pigeons birdseed or bread or unintentionally by leaving out food waste. In addition to human-sourced food, pigeons have a broad diet, including seeds, berries, and insects. Pigeon enthusiasts also set domesticated birds free into the urban environment, where they later bring forth young.(城市为鸽子提供了很多，因为高楼和窗台上的架子可以作为岩鸽的筑巢地点。城市居民有意地给鸽子喂鸟食或面包，或无意地留下食物垃圾，为鸽子提供了大量的食物。除了人类来源的食物，鸽子的饮食也很广泛，包括种子、浆果和昆虫。鸽子爱好者还把驯养的鸽子放生到城市环境中，然后在那里繁殖后代)”可知，城市中适宜的栖息地、丰富的食物以及鸽子爱好者放飞驯养的鸽子等是城市中鸽子存活的原因，未提到适合鸽子的气候。故选A。 【57题详解】 词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Pigeons’ ability to reproduce year-round leads to highly numerous pigeons in the city, which is an issue for urban wildlife managers.(鸽子全年繁殖的能力导致城市中鸽子数量众多，这对城市野生动物管理人员来说是个问题。)”以及“they live in groups of up to 500 birds(它们生活在多达500只鸽子的群体中)”可知，鸽子繁殖能力强导致数量众多，且喜欢大量群体生活在一起，“this persistent congregation can cause considerable conflicts with people(这种持续的congregation可能会引起与人的相当大的冲突)”指的是鸽子持续性大量聚集在一起会引起与人的相当大的冲突，划线词意思congregation是“聚集”。故选B。 【58题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Managers have used deadly tools such as poisons. However, this approach typically doesn’t have sustained results because the remaining pigeons multiply rapidly. Further, many poisons are not species-specific and may harm other urban birds. Other programs aimed at reducing nest success involve removing the eggs and replacing them with fake eggs.(管理人员使用了致命的工具，如毒药。然而，这种方法通常不会产生持久的结果，因为剩下的鸽子繁殖迅速。此外，许多毒素不是特定物种的，可能会伤害其他城市鸟类)”可知，毒药会让剩下的鸽子繁殖迅速，而且许多毒素不是特定物种的，可能会伤害其他城市鸟类，由此可知这种方法从长远来看是无效的。故选B。 【59题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Preventing conflicts ultimately relies on removing food sources for urban pigeons. For example, many urban residents feed pigeons in parks. This could be limited through public education campaigns or by carrying out feeding regulations.(防止冲突最终依赖于消除城市鸽子的食物来源。例如，许多城市居民在公园里喂鸽子。这可以通过公共教育运动或执行喂养规定加以限制)”可知，停止喂鸽子是控制鸽子数量的关键。故选C。 (B) A brain-computer interface (BCI) is a system that determines functional intent — the desire to change, move, control, or interact with something in your environment — directly from your brain activity. In other words, BCIs allow you to control an application or a device using only your mind. When it comes to motor control, if we want to interact with a device in our environment (e. g. a lamp), we first decide what we want to do (turn on the lamp), then we coordinate (协调) and use the muscles in our arms, legs, hands, feet, etc., to perform that action (reach out with your finger and press the lamps on/off switch) and then finally the device responds to that action (the lamp turns on). BCIs bypass that middle step of coordinating and using your muscles to perform the desired action, instead using a computer to identify the intended action and then controlling the application of device directly. A brain-computer interface (BCI) functions through a series of interconnected steps. Initially, a specialized device captures the brain’s electrical activity, providing raw data that reflects the user’s intentions. This data is then sent to a computer, which processes and analyzes the signals to decode the user’s desired actions. Finally, the interpreted information controls an external application or device, allowing the user to interact smoothly. This integration of measurement, analysis, and control forms the backbone of BCI technology. Another important step of a BCI is feedback: the system must somehow let the user know what decision or intended action the computer was able to interpret. In our previous example, the lamp successfully turning on indicates to the user that the BCI successfully identified the action the user wanted. Providing feedback helps the user adapt to the BCI system, learning how they can control and adjust their brain activity, just as we can learn to coordinate and control our muscles and bodies. 60. How does a BCI differ from motor control? A. It skips physical performance via muscles. B. It requires stronger muscle movements. C. It coordinates a variety of body parts. D. It relies entirely on external sensors. 61. What role does the computer play in a BCI system? A. Measuring brain activity through sensors. B. Providing physical feedback to the user. C. Processing brain signals to identify intent D. Replacing the user’s decision-making process. 62. Which step in the illustration helps users adapt and confirm their intended action? A. ① B. ② C. ③ D. ④ 【答案】60. A 61. C 62. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了脑机接口（BCI）的定义，工作原理、应用和前景。 【60题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“BCIs bypass that middle step of coordinating and using your muscles to perform the desired action, instead using a computer to identify the intended action and then controlling the application of device directly.( BCIs绕过了协调和使用肌肉来执行预期动作的中间步骤，而是使用计算机识别预期动作，然后直接控制设备的应用)”可知，脑机接口（BCI）绕过了协调和使用肌肉来执行期望动作的中间步骤，而运动控制需要协调和使用肌肉来完成动作，所以BCI与运动控制的不同在于它跳过了通过肌肉进行的身体表现。故选A项。 【61题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中“Initially, a specialized device captures the brain’s electrical activity, providing raw data that reflects the user’s intentions. This data is then sent to a computer, which processes and analyzes the signals to decode the user’s desired actions. (起初，一个专门的设备捕捉大脑的电活动，提供反映用户意图的原始数据。然后，这些数据被发送到计算机，计算机对这些信号进行处理和分析，以解码用户想要的动作)”可知，计算机在 BCI 系统中的作用是处理大脑信号以识别意图。故选C项。 【62题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段“Another important step of a BCI is feedback: the system must somehow let the user know what decision or intended action the computer was able to interpret. In our previous example, the lamp successfully turning on indicates to the user that the BCI successfully identified the action the user wanted. Providing feedback helps the user adapt to the BCI system, learning how they can control and adjust their brain activity, just as we can learn to coordinate and control our muscles and bodies.( BCI的另一个重要步骤是反馈：系统必须以某种方式让用户知道计算机能够解释的决定或预期动作。在前面的示例中，灯成功打开向用户表明BCI成功识别了用户想要的操作。提供反馈可以帮助用户适应BCI系统，学习如何控制和调整大脑活动，就像我们可以学习协调和控制我们的肌肉和身体一样)”可知，反馈这一步骤帮助用户适应 BCI 系统并确认他们的预期动作，在图示中，④表示外部设备（如灯）对用户意图的反应，即反馈，所以④这一步骤帮助用户适应和确认他们的预期动作，D 选项正确。①②③这三个步骤都不是反馈步骤，A、B、C 错误。故选D项。 (C） The technological singularity (技术奇点) is a theoretical scenario where technological growth becomes uncontrollable and irreversible, leading to profound and unpredictable changes to human civilization. In theory, this phenomenon is driven by the emergence of artificial intelligence (AI) that surpasses human cognitive (认知的) capabilities and can autonomously enhance itself. The theory suggests that such advancements could evolve at a pace so rapid that humans would be unable to foresee or stop the process. The implications of reaching this singularity point could be good or disastrous for the human race. For now,the concept stays within the boundaries of science fiction, but nonetheless, it’s still worth thinking about what such a future might look like,so that humanity might steer AI development in such a way as to promote its civilizational interests. The timeline for reaching the technological singularity is a subject of much debate among experts. Ray Kurzweil, one of the most vocal advocates of the singularity, has famously predicted that the singularity is near and will happen by 2045. His prediction is based on trends such as Moore’s law and the increasing rate of technological advancements in fields such as computing, Al and biotechnology. Other experts cast more doubt on the prediction or propose different timelines. Some suggest that while Al will continue to advance, the complexities and unforeseen challenges of achieving superintelligence might delay the singularity beyond this century, if it happens at all.Systems theorist Richard Coren,in his book The Evolutionary Trajectory, projects a singularity in 2140. Technological, ethical and regulatory challenges might all potentially slow the pace of AI development. Moreover, figures such as Roman Yampolskiy point out that predicting the exact timeline is extremely difficult due to the exceptional nature of the singularity itself. The developments leading to a singularity involve many variables, including breakthroughs in AI algorithms, hardware capabilities and socictal factors that are hard to forecast with accuracy. Eamonn Healy, a professor at St.Edward’s University, assumes the evolution, particularly in terms of technological and intellectual advancement, is proceeding at an ever-increasing pace, compressing what used to take millennia into centuries and even shorter time frames. This concept of the acceleration (加速) of technological advancements echoes the views of futurists such as Ray Kurzweil, who predict that such changes might occur around the mid-21st century. 63. The underlined word “steer” in the passage is closest in meaning to_________. A. quicken B. restrict C. direct D. predict 64. If an expert foresees the singularity in less than 30 years, who might he team up with? A. Ray Kurzweil and Richard Coren. B. Eamonn Healy and Ray Kurzweil. C. Roman Yampolskiy and Eamonn Healy. D. Richard Coren and Roman Yampolskiy. 65. What best describes Roman Yampolskiy’s attitude toward predicting the singularity? A. Reserved. B. Optimistic. C. Indifferent. D. Neutral. 66. Which statement best summarizes the passage? A. The singularity is a guaranteed event with clear benefits. B. The singularity’s timelinc and implications remain uncertain. C. Experts agree the singularity will occur by 2045 without delay. D. AI development is accelerated due to regulatory obstacles. 【答案】63. C 64. B 65. A 66. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了技术奇点的概念、影响及专家对其到来时间的争议。 【63题详解】 词句猜测题。根据划线单词前半句话“For now, the concept stays within the boundaries of science fiction, but nonetheless, it's still worth thinking about what such a future might look like(目前，这个概念仍处于科幻小说的范畴之内，但尽管如此，思考一下这样的未来可能是什么样子仍然是值得的)”以及后面“AI development in such a way as to promote its civilizational interests(以促进人类文明利益的方式发展人工智能)”可知，技术奇点目前还处于科幻范畴，但思考其未来模样很有价值，目的是为了引导人工智能发展，进而促进文明利益。由此推知，划线词steer意思是“引导、指引”。故选C。 【64题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段的“Ray Kurzweil, one of the most vocal advocates of the singularity, has famously predicted that the singularity is near and will happen by 2045.(雷·库兹韦尔是技术奇点最直言不讳的支持者之一，他曾预言技术奇点即将到来，并将在2045年之前发生)”以及最后一段“Eamonn Healy, a professor at St. Edward's University, assumes the evolution, particularly in terms of technological and intellectual advancement, is proceeding at an ever-increasing pace, compressing what used to take millennia into centuries and even shorter time frames. This concept of the acceleration of technological advancements echoes the views of futurists such as Ray Kurzweil, who predict that such changes might occur around the mid-21st century.(圣爱德华大学的教授伊蒙·希利认为，进化，特别是在技术和智力进步方面，正在以越来越快的速度进行，将过去需要数千年才能完成的事情压缩到几百年甚至更短的时间内。这种技术加速发展的概念与雷·库兹韦尔等未来主义者的观点相呼应，他们预测这种变化可能发生在21世纪中期左右)”可知，如果一位专家预测技术奇点将在不到30年内出现，他可能会与雷·库兹韦尔和伊蒙·希利的观点一致。故选B。 【65题详解】 推理判断题。根据第五段的“Moreover, figures such as Roman Yampolskiy point out that predicting the exact timeline is extremely difficult due to the exceptional nature of the singularity itself.(此外，罗曼·亚姆波尔斯基等人指出，由于技术奇点本身的特殊性，预测其确切的时间线极其困难)”可推知，罗曼·亚姆波尔斯基对预测技术奇点的态度是有所保留的。故选A。 【66题详解】 主旨大意题。根据全文内容可知，尤其是第一段“The technological singularity(技术奇点)is a theoretical scenario where technological growth becomes uncontrollable and irreversible,leading to profound and unpredictable changes to human civilization.(技术奇点是一种理论设想，在这种设想中，技术的发展变得不可控制且不可逆转，从而给人类文明带来深刻且难以预料的变化)”可知，文章主要讲述了技术奇点的概念、不同专家对其发生时间的预测以及预测的不确定性。由此可知，B选项“技术奇点的时间线和影响仍然不确定”最能概括文章大意。故选B。 Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. The Man Who Invented the Future Known as the father of science fiction, Jules Verne’s works transported readers on exciting adventures across the Earth and beyond. In his imaginative novels, Verne penned more than adventure stories. ____67____ In In the Year 2889, Verne described a world with global multimedia communication. The character is able to communicate with his wife on another continent, using the “phonotelephote” — a device capable of sending sound and images over long distances. In From the Earth to the Moon, Verne even envisioned a lunar voyage decades before the first actual moon landing. Unlike fantasies or supernatural tales, Verne’s works focused on imagining the future. ____68____ This approach laid the foundation for the “hard science fiction” of the 20th century, which emphasized the importance of scientific accuracy. Verne was an advocate of scientific progress and innovation. ____69____ Many of his stories feature brilliant yet mad scientists. For example, characters like Captain Nemo in Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea use their inventions for destructive purposes, suggesting that it is human nature, not the technology itself, that determines whether it becomes a force for good or harm. ____70____ He shapes the way generations think about technology and the human mind’s potential. That is the greatest achievement of Verne’s timeless works. A. But his writings offer a different perspective. B. Verne’s influence extends far beyond literature. C. This method required extraordinary talents and scientific insights. D. His visions were grounded in science and his own thorough research. E. His tales may reduce the popularity of supernatural stories to some extent. F. He also imagined technological advancements long before they became reality. 【答案】67. F 68. D 69. A 70. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科幻小说之父儒勒·凡尔纳的重要地位以及他的作品特点。 【67题详解】 根据上文“Known as the father of science fiction, Jules Verne’s works transported readers on exciting adventures across the Earth and beyond. In his imaginative novels, Verne penned more than adventure stories.(儒勒·凡尔纳被誉为科幻小说之父，他的作品将读者带到了地球上甚至更远的地方进行激动人心的冒险。在他富有想象力的小说中，凡尔纳写的不仅仅是冒险故事)”以及第二段“In In the Year 2889, Verne described a world with global multimedia communication. The character is able to communicate with his wife on another continent, using the “phonotelephote” — a device capable of sending sound and images over long distances. In From the Earth to the Moon, Verne even envisioned a lunar voyage decades before the first actual moon landing.(在《2889年》中，凡尔纳描述了一个全球多媒体通信的世界。这个角色可以用“phonotelephote”——一种能够远距离发送声音和图像的设备——与他在另一个大陆上的妻子交流。在《从地球到月球》中，凡尔纳甚至在人类首次真正登月的几十年前就设想了一次月球航行)”可知，本句承上启下，说明凡尔纳的故事想象了一些当时并不存在的技术。故F选项“早在技术进步成为现实之前，他就已经在想象了”符合语境，与上文构成并列关系递进关系。故选F。 【68题详解】 根据上文“Unlike fantasies or supernatural tales, Verne’s works focused on imagining the future.(与幻想或超自然故事不同，凡尔纳的作品侧重于对未来的想象)”以及后文“This approach laid the foundation for the “hard science fiction” of the 20th century, which emphasized the importance of scientific accuracy.(这种方法为20世纪的“硬科幻小说”奠定了基础，它强调科学准确性的重要性)”可知，本句主要说明凡尔纳为20世纪的“硬科幻小说”奠定了基础的具体方法是什么。故D选项“他的想象是建立在科学和他自己的深入研究的基础上的”符合语境，故选D。 【69题详解】 根据上文“Verne was an advocate of scientific progress and innovation.(凡尔纳是科学进步和创新的倡导者)”以及后文“Many of his stories feature brilliant yet mad scientists. For example, characters like Captain Nemo in Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea use their inventions for destructive purposes, suggesting that it is human nature, not the technology itself, that determines whether it becomes a force for good or harm.(他的许多故事都描写了才华横溢却又疯狂的科学家。例如，像《海底两万里》中的尼莫船长这样的角色将他们的发明用于破坏性目的，这表明是人类的本性，而不是技术本身，决定了它是成为一种好还是坏的力量)”可知，本句与上文构成转折关系，指出凡尔纳的作品为技术提供了一个不同的视角。故A选项“但他的作品提供了一个不同的视角”符合语境，故选A。 【70题详解】 根据后文“He shapes the way generations think about technology and the human mind’s potential. That is the greatest achievement of Verne’s timeless works.(他塑造了几代人对技术和人类思维潜力的看法。这是凡尔纳不朽作品的最大成就)”可知，本段主要说明了凡尔纳的影响力。故B选项“凡尔纳的影响远远超出了文学”符合语境，故选B。 III. Summary Writing 71. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Crown (树冠) Shyness Do you love forest bathing or taking walks in the forests? Then once in a while, you’ve witnessed a somewhat appealing phenomenon in which tree crowns in the forest seem to deliberately keep to themselves and avoid touching each other. Strange as this may seem, it is, in fact, a natural phenomenon and has a name: crown shyness. There are many theories behind this fascinating phenomenon, but the most convincing one relates to competition and defense. To grow better, trees depend on vital elements such as sunlight, water, and soil nutrients. By maintaining gaps between their crowns, they can maximize their intake of these necessities, ensuring healthy growth and a balanced ecosystem. Additionally, crown shyness acts as a protective barrier against insects and diseases. The physical separation between tree tops reduces the spread of harmful organisms and lowers the risk of widespread infection that could threaten large areas of the forest. This phenomenon, however, is not uniform across all trees. The extent and intensity of crown shyness can vary, with some gaps small and other separations obvious. Some people might think this natural phenomenon is merely a random occurrence with no real purpose, but this is not the case. Crown shyness allows each tree to access enough sunlight by preventing the overlap of branches. It ensures that sunlight can reach the lower branches and leaves, promoting their growth and enabling efficient energy production. Moreover, crown shyness aids in the efficient distribution of rainfall. When rain falls through the tree tops, the gaps between tree crowns act as channels, guiding water to the forest floor. It also plays a role in reducing wind resistance. The gaps between tree crowns create pathways for wind to pass through the forest, reducing potential damage caused by strong winds. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】参考答案： Crown shyness is a mysterious and fascinating phenomenon where tree crowns avoid touching each other. It may result from competition for resources like light and water or serve as a defense against insects and diseases. This phenomenon, while not universal, has real purposes. It helps maximize sunlight access, promotes efficient rainfall distribution, and reduces wind resistance, supporting overall forest health. 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了“树冠羞避”这一自然现象，解释了其可能的原因及其对森林生态系统的益处。 【详解】1. 要点摘录 ① Crown shyness is a phenomenon where tree crowns avoid touching each other. ② It may result from competition for resources like sunlight and water, or serve as a defense against insects and diseases. ③ This phenomenon helps maximize sunlight access, promotes efficient rainfall distribution, and reduces wind resistance. ④ Crown shyness supports overall forest health and is not a random occurrence. 2. 缜密构思 将第1、2两个要点整合为现象及其原因，将第3、4两个要点整合为现象的作用和意义。 3. 遣词造句 Crown shyness is a natural phenomenon where tree crowns avoid contact, possibly due to resource competition or disease prevention. It benefits forests by optimizing sunlight exposure, aiding rainfall distribution, and reducing wind damage, ensuring ecosystem balance. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Crown shyness is a natural phenomenon where tree crowns avoid contact, possibly due to resource competition or disease prevention. (运用where引导的定语从句和possibly due to短语，对现象及其原因进行了简洁而高级的概括) 【高分句型2】It benefits forests by optimizing sunlight exposure, aiding rainfall distribution, and reducing wind damage, ensuring ecosystem balance. (通过by引导的方式状语和四个动名词充当介词by的宾语，清晰地说明了现象的多重作用，表达层次丰富) IV. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 72. 骆驼会本能地适应干旱的沙漠环境。（instinct）（汉译英） _____________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Camels (can) adapt to the dry desert environment by instinct / out of instinct. 【解析】 【详解】考查陈述句和固定搭配。根据汉语题干可知，表示“骆驼”用camel，此处表示泛指，用复数形式，作主语，句子开头，注意用大写；“会适应”是句子的谓语，句子陈述的客观事实，用一般现在时，故可译为can adapt或adapt；表示“干旱的沙漠环境”用the dry desert environment，作“会适应”的宾语；再结合已给英文提示instinct，所以表示“本能地”用by instinct或者out of instinct，置于句尾，修饰谓语adapt to。故翻译为Camels (can) adapt to the dry desert environment by instinct / out of instinct. 73. 故地重游，童年伙伴的欢声笑语依然在老街上回转悠扬。(echo) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Revisiting / Returning to the familiar place, the laughter and voices of childhood friends still echo on / through the old street. 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词以及时态。陈述客观事实，为一般现在时。“故地重游”为“Revisit / Return to the familiar place”处理成现在分词作状语。“童年伙伴的欢声笑语”为“the laughter and voices of childhood friends”作主语；“在老街上回转悠扬”为“ echo on / through the old street.”。故翻译为：Revisiting / Returning to the familiar place, the laughter and voices of childhood friends still echo on / through the old street. 74. 倘若人工智能完全取代人类劳动，那岂不是每个人都面临失业的风险？(risk) (汉译英) _____________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】If artificial intelligence completely replaces human labor, wouldn’t everyone be at risk of unemployment? 【解析】 【详解】考查情态动词和从句。根据句意可知，本句为if引导的条件状语从句，从句用一般现在时表示将来。“人工智”为artificial intelligence，作主语；“完全地”为 completely，作状语；“取代”为 replace，作谓语；“人类劳动”为 human labor，作宾语。“倘若人工智能完全取代人类劳动”翻译为：倘若人工智能完全取代人类劳动。“那岂不是每个人都面临失业的风险？”表示一种反问和委婉的语气，用wouldn’t+动词原形。“面临......风险”为 be at risk of ；“失业”为unemployment，作宾语。故翻译为：If artificial intelligence completely replaces human labor, wouldn’t everyone be at risk of unemployment? 75. 拥有百年历史的大同中学坐落于市中心，馆藏丰富，读者可以在这里找到各种珍贵的书籍。(whose) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The century-old Datong high school is located in the city center, whose collection is extensive, and readers can find a variety of rare books here. 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句。陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时；表示“拥有百年历史的大同中学”应用The century-old Datong high school；表示“坐落于”应用be located in，主语为单数名词，be动词用is；表示“市中心”应用the city center；表示“馆藏丰富”应用whose collection is extensive，此处为whose引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词The century-old Datong high school，关系词在定语从句中作定语；表示“读者可以在这里找到各种珍贵的书籍”应用“readers can find a variety of rare books here”；前后两句话为并列句，需用连词and连接。故翻译成：The century-old Datong high school is located in the city center, whose collection is extensive, and readers can find a variety of rare books here. V. Guided Writing 76. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假如你是大同中学的高三学生江海波，你的学校决定延长下课15分钟并增设体育运动，现向同学们征集意见。你对此有一些想法，便写信给学生会。信件内容包括： 1. 具体的活动安排； 2. 设计这些活动的理由。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Dear Members of the Student Union, I’m Jiang Haibo, a senior three student from Datong Middle School. I’m writing to share my ideas on the school’s decision to extend breaks by 15 minutes and add physical activities. For the activity arrangement, I suggest dividing the 15 minutes into two parts. The first 10 minutes can be for free sports, such as running, jumping rope and playing badminton. The last 5 minutes should be used for students to rest and prepare for the next class. There are two main reasons for this design. On one hand, senior three students are under great study pressure, and proper exercise can help us relax our bodies and relieve stress. On the other hand, short and flexible activities won’t make us tired, but can refresh our minds, enabling us to focus better on subsequent studies. I hope my suggestions will be helpful. Looking forward to your reply. Yours sincerely, Jiang Haibo 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。学校决定延长下课15分钟并增设体育运动，要求考生以江海波的名义给学生会写信，说明自己对此的想法。 【详解】1.词汇积累 主要的：main → principal/primary 适当的：proper → appropriate 减轻：relieve → ease/decrease 劳累的：tired → exhausted 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：On the other hand, short and flexible activities won’t make us tired, but can refresh our minds, enabling us to focus better on subsequent studies. 拓展句：On the other hand, short and flexible activities won’t make us tired, but can refresh our minds, which enables us to focus better on subsequent studies. 【点睛】【高分句型1】I’m writing to share my ideas on the school’s decision to extend breaks by 15 minutes and add physical activities.(运用了不定式作后置定语修饰名词decision) 【高分句型2】I hope my suggestions will be helpful.(运用了省略了连接词that的宾语从句) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 26届高三26年第二学程阶段 英语试卷 I. Listening Comprehension Section A 1. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. Some paper. B. Some stockings. C. A book. D. A shelf. 2. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. He is nervous about the exams. B. He failed in the graduation exam. C. He is not well-prepared for the exam. D. He is worried about the result of the exam. 3. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. She plans to attend the fair. B. She doesn’t like science fiction. C. She has already seen the movie. D. She can’t meet the man on Saturday. 4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. Not to play any computer game. B. Not to do any crossword puzzle. C. To help the woman repair the computer. D. To spend more time on vocabulary. 5. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. He seldom keeps his patients waiting for long. B. He forgets to put the man on his schedule. C. He is hard to make an appointment with. D. He is usually very busy every Monday. 6. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. She doesn’t put her ideas into practice. B. She likes to sleep. C. She doesn’t have many ideas. D. She has too many dreams. 7. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. Review the notes of the lectures. B. Talk with their professor. C. Reread their textbooks. D. Go over their homework assignments. 8. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. He doesn’t want to go to the opera. B. He can’t afford to buy the ticket. C. He needs a break from the math problem. D. He’ll meet the woman if he finishes the math problem. 9. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. Schedule a committee meeting. B. Join her committee soon. C. Form a new organizing committee. D. Find out when the conference will be held. 10. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. She won’t need a tour guide. B. She has visited San Francisco before. C. She isn’t expecting her trip. D. The man should have called her relatives. Section B 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 11. A. To interest students in a community service project. B. To explain a new requirement for graduation. C. To discuss the problems of elementary school students. D. To enroll elementary school teachers for a special program. 12. A. To offer tutorials to elementary school students. B. To find jobs for graduating students. C. To help education majors prepare for final exams. D. To provide funding for a community service project. 13. A. He gives support to students participating in the program. B. He observes elementary school students in the classroom. C. He teaches part-time in an elementary school. D. He helps students prepare their resumés. 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 14. A. A new discovery about Picasso’s paintings. B. The value of Picasso’s masterpieces. C. A change in Picasso’s painting style. D. The characteristics of Picasso’s works. 15. A. Orange and yellow. B. Red and brown. C. Black and white. D. Purple and pink. 16. A. To better convey the emotions he intended. B. To correct mistakes in the initial painting process. C. To improve the technical quality of the paintings. D. To experiment with different color combinations. 听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 17. A. A fact about teeth. B. Why our body grows. C. Childhood memories. D. How fast feet grow. 18. A. Teeth. B. Feet. C. Bones. D. Hair. 19. A. They don’t grow or change. B. They are located inside each tooth. C. They are made of bones. D. They don’t develop until adulthood. 20. A. They are replaced by adult teeth. B. They grow larger to fit the adult mouth. C. They change their shape. D. They are combined to form larger teeth. II. Speaking Section A Directions: Read aloud the following two sentences. For each sentence, you will have thirty seconds to prepare and fifteen seconds to read. 1. Under the tree, friends are sharing laughter and secrets happily. 2. As night fell, stars emerged in the dark sky, a timeless spectacle that stimulated curiosity and wonder in all who gazed upward. Section B Directions: Read aloud the following passage. You will have one minute to prepare and thirty seconds to read. School is more than just a place of learning; it’s a playground for curiosity. Encouraging students to ask questions and explore opens doors to endless possibilities. Curiosity fuels discovery, lighting a passion for knowledge that extends far beyond the classroom. It’s the driving force behind scientific breakthroughs, artistic masterpieces, and technological innovations. When curiosity is nurtured, students become fearless explorers, eager to unravel the mysteries of the world around them. In the realm of education, fostering curiosity is not just a goal but a fundamental principle, empowering students to embrace the unknown and embark on a journey of lifelong learning. Section C Directions: Ask two questions about each situation given below. At least one special question should be asked about each situation. Questions 1~2: You are going to write an article about renewable energy sources, so you want to borrow some books from the school library. Ask the librarian two questions. Questions 3~4: You want to join a fitness club in your school. You go to the student in charge and ask her about it. Section D Directions: You will have one minute to prepare and another minute to talk in at least five sentences about the following pictures. Begin your talk with the sentence given: It was the first day of the Long Holiday. III. Listening and Speaking Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear four sentences. Make quick responses to the sentences you have heard. 1. The hat goes really well with your shirt. 2. Hurry up. We’ve got to leave at 1:30. 3. Would you like something to drink? 4. Hi, Sandy! Haven’t seen you in ages! Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear a short passage. The passage will be read twice. After you hear the passage, answer the first question with the information you hear and the second question in your own opinion with at least 3 sentences. For the first question, you will have 30 seconds to prepare and 30 seconds to talk. For the second question, you will have one minute to prepare and another minute to talk. 1. List two of the features of good criticism, as mentioned in the passage. 2. What do you think is the best way to offer criticism? Why? III. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits the blank. Interested in writing, photography or current events? Looking for an experience ____21____ (inspire) your college essays? Or hoping to explore a world-class city with new friends this summer? ____22____ so, check out the Boston University Summer Journalism Academy. It’s a program created and run by Boston University, ____23____ high school students: ●   Learn from award-winning, working journalists — including two who ____24____ (share) Pulitzer Prizes for their reporting. ●   Report on actual events around Boston or your hometown. ●   Place stories with Boston’s Daily Free Press, one of the top college newspapers. ●   Improve their writing, interviewing, and research skills — applicable to any major and career. The academy offers two options: ____25____ on-campus, residential program over three weeks for students with journalism experience, and a learn-from-home program over two weeks for all experience levels. For students ____26____ (draw) to photography, we offer a special photojournalism track for both. Every option ____27____ (organize) in three sections: ●   Classroom starts each day with a review of journalism fundamentals in a collegiate format. A university-level journalism textbook provides daily readings and writing assignments. ●   Newsroom provides time for students to apply ____28____ they learn in the classroom to hands-on journalism assignments. Over the rest of their day, students conduct interviews and gather information. ●   Guest Talks offer students advice and insight ____29____ journalism experts in topics such as radio reporting and journalism learning in college. Sessions feature a Guest Talk during each three-week session. Students also visit city newsrooms to hear from famous reporters. Applications for the on-campus session from June 24 to July 12 are due: April 19. Applications for learn-at-home sessions ____30____ (start) from June 17, July 1, and July 15 are due: May 10. Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. fuel B. escape C. equivalents D. patterns E. wrestle F. contain G. promoting H. games I. rank J. forcing K. addressing California’s Growing Wildfire Crisis California’s wildfires have been fueled by increasingly dangerous conditions over the past two decades, creating a growing crisis. The recent Mountain Fire in Ventura County highlights this alarming trend. Over 10,000 residents were forced to ____31____ their homes as the fire quickly spread, injuring at least 10 people and leaving dozens of houses in ashes. In just two days, the blaze consumed over 20,000 acres, ____32____ Governor Gavin Newsom to declare a state of emergency. Experts point to a destructive “environmental recipe.” Before the fire, forecasters issued a rare Red Flag warning, cautioning that dry winds and low humidity could turn into ____33____ for fast-spreading wildfires. When the Mountain Fire erupted, strong Santa Ana winds carried embers (灰烬) far and wide, while vegetation from two unusually wet winters acted as ready ____34____. As a result, the fire could escalate rapidly, leaving firefighters struggling to ____35____ it. Climate change has further shifted the landscape. Rising temperatures and prolonged droughts have made vegetation drier and more ignitable. At the same time, wetter winters have encouraged plant growth that later dries out, becoming kindling for fires. Fall and winter blazes, unlike their summer ____36____, are driven by intense winds and lower humidity, making them harder to control. Many historical ____37____ show the severity of this trend. The Woolsey Fire in 2018 and the Thomas Fire in 2017, both occurring in winter, ____38____ among California’s most destructive. Additionally, more than half of the state’s largest fires have been recorded in the last decade, underscoring the role of climate change. As California continues to ____39____ with worsening wildfires, the stakes grow higher. Without ____40____ these environmental shifts, the battle against fire will become an even more difficult game of survival. II. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Language allows us to describe actions, qualities, and relationships in both real and imagined experiences. A key question in linguistics (语言学) is how languages developed. Recent research suggests that iconicity — the connection between form and meaning — may have played a crucial role in the ___41___. People can’t overcome language barriers and understand each other without iconicity. We often use our hands and bodies, ___42___, to act out meanings, showing the sizes and shapes of objects. The key to forming new symbols is the use of iconicity. Not limited to ___43___, iconicity appears in visual communication too. Traffic signs, food packaging, and maps all use iconicity to make information easy to understand, regardless of the ___44___. Iconicity also exists in ___45___. To explore this, researchers organized a contest where participants recorded sounds to express different meanings. These sounds could not contain actual words or ___46___ expressions like “BOOM” for an explosion. Listeners then tried to match the sounds to a set of written options, and the contestant whose sounds were most accurately ___47___ won the contest. The results were surprising — listeners successfully identified the intended ___48___ of the sounds. Yet, all the contestants and listeners were English speakers. Thus, it was possible that listeners’ success relied on ___49___ cultural knowledge. To test if this phenomenon existed across ____50____, researchers conducted a broader Internet survey, translating the experiment into 25 languages. Participants from different linguistic backgrounds listened to the sounds and ____51____ their meanings from six written options. The findings showed ____52____ accuracy levels across different language groups. English speakers had the highest accuracy rate at 74%, while Portuguese speakers scored 34%. Though far from perfect, these results were much higher than the expected chance rate of 8%. These studies show that our capacity for iconic communication has played a fundamental role in language ____53____. Iconicity enables individuals to express meanings in ways that are not ____54____ dependent on specific linguistic knowledge. Without this ____55____, language may never have developed into the complex system we have today. 41. A. description B. style C. interaction D. process 42. A. as a result B. in particular C. for example D. in other words 43. A. objects B. formation C. understanding D. gesturing 44. A. language B. evidence C. hints D. explanation 45. A. cultures B. sounds C. labs D. competitions 46. A. sound-imitating B. carefully-chosen C. imaginary D. shocking 47. A. heard B. repeated C. interpreted D. recorded 48. A. meanings B. purposes C. volume D. speed 49. A. extensive B. shared C. traditional D. classic 50. A. cultures B. generations C. careers D. situations 51. A. added B. clarified C. acquired D. guessed 52. A. similar B. varying C. satisfactory D. experimental 53. A. ability B. acquisition C. evolution D. diversity 54. A. skillfully B. routinely C. vividly D. entirely 55. A. knowledge B. ability C. awareness D. finding Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) The rock dove, a bird native to Europe and Western Asia, is the ancestor of the common urban pigeon. Settlers introduced rock doves to North America in the 1600s for meat and, over time, these birds escaped domestication and grew well in urban areas. Cities have a lot to offer pigeons, as tall buildings and window shelves can serve as nesting sites for rock doves. Urban residents provide plenty of food for pigeons either intentionally by feeding pigeons birdseed or bread or unintentionally by leaving out food waste. In addition to human-sourced food, pigeons have a broad diet, including seeds, berries, and insects. Pigeon enthusiasts also set domesticated birds free into the urban environment, where they later bring forth young. Pigeons’ ability to reproduce year-round leads to highly numerous pigeons in the city, which is an issue for urban wildlife managers. Although pigeons are socially paired, they live in groups of up to 500 birds and this persistent congregation can cause considerable conflicts with people. To ease conflicts with pigeons, managers have used several methods to prevent pigeon presence or reduce pigeon numbers. Managers have used deadly tools such as poisons. However, this approach typically doesn’t have sustained results because the remaining pigeons multiply rapidly. Further, many poisons are not species-specific and may harm other urban birds. Other programs aimed at reducing nest success involve removing the eggs and replacing them with fake eggs. They often fail because it can be difficult to access nests or attract pigeons to nest houses. Preventing conflicts ultimately relies on removing food sources for urban pigeons. For example, many urban residents feed pigeons in parks. This could be limited through public education campaigns or by carrying out feeding regulations. 56. Which of the following is NOT a reason for the survival of pigeons in urban areas? A. Pigeon-friendly climate. B. Availability of habitats. C. Rich food supply. D. Freeing domesticated pigeons. 57. The word “congregation” (paragraph 3) is closest in meaning to ________. A. introduction B. gathering C. reproduction D. nesting 58. From the sentence “this approach typically...” in the last paragraph, we can infer that the approach ________. A. needs to be used repeatedly B. is not effective in the long run C. reduces pigeon numbers greatly D. works when pigeons multiply 59. It can be concluded from the passage that ________. A. urban pigeons tend to act independently B. it is difficult for pigeons to adapt to cities C. stopping feeding pigeons is key to controlling their numbers D. alternative methods to reduce pigeon numbers are being explored (B) A brain-computer interface (BCI) is a system that determines functional intent — the desire to change, move, control, or interact with something in your environment — directly from your brain activity. In other words, BCIs allow you to control an application or a device using only your mind. When it comes to motor control, if we want to interact with a device in our environment (e. g. a lamp), we first decide what we want to do (turn on the lamp), then we coordinate (协调) and use the muscles in our arms, legs, hands, feet, etc., to perform that action (reach out with your finger and press the lamps on/off switch) and then finally the device responds to that action (the lamp turns on). BCIs bypass that middle step of coordinating and using your muscles to perform the desired action, instead using a computer to identify the intended action and then controlling the application of device directly. A brain-computer interface (BCI) functions through a series of interconnected steps. Initially, a specialized device captures the brain’s electrical activity, providing raw data that reflects the user’s intentions. This data is then sent to a computer, which processes and analyzes the signals to decode the user’s desired actions. Finally, the interpreted information controls an external application or device, allowing the user to interact smoothly. This integration of measurement, analysis, and control forms the backbone of BCI technology. Another important step of a BCI is feedback: the system must somehow let the user know what decision or intended action the computer was able to interpret. In our previous example, the lamp successfully turning on indicates to the user that the BCI successfully identified the action the user wanted. Providing feedback helps the user adapt to the BCI system, learning how they can control and adjust their brain activity, just as we can learn to coordinate and control our muscles and bodies. 60. How does a BCI differ from motor control? A. It skips physical performance via muscles. B. It requires stronger muscle movements. C. It coordinates a variety of body parts. D. It relies entirely on external sensors. 61. What role does the computer play in a BCI system? A. Measuring brain activity through sensors. B. Providing physical feedback to the user. C. Processing brain signals to identify intent D. Replacing the user’s decision-making process. 62. Which step in the illustration helps users adapt and confirm their intended action? A. ① B. ② C. ③ D. ④ (C） The technological singularity (技术奇点) is a theoretical scenario where technological growth becomes uncontrollable and irreversible, leading to profound and unpredictable changes to human civilization. In theory, this phenomenon is driven by the emergence of artificial intelligence (AI) that surpasses human cognitive (认知的) capabilities and can autonomously enhance itself. The theory suggests that such advancements could evolve at a pace so rapid that humans would be unable to foresee or stop the process. The implications of reaching this singularity point could be good or disastrous for the human race. For now,the concept stays within the boundaries of science fiction, but nonetheless, it’s still worth thinking about what such a future might look like,so that humanity might steer AI development in such a way as to promote its civilizational interests. The timeline for reaching the technological singularity is a subject of much debate among experts. Ray Kurzweil, one of the most vocal advocates of the singularity, has famously predicted that the singularity is near and will happen by 2045. His prediction is based on trends such as Moore’s law and the increasing rate of technological advancements in fields such as computing, Al and biotechnology. Other experts cast more doubt on the prediction or propose different timelines. Some suggest that while Al will continue to advance, the complexities and unforeseen challenges of achieving superintelligence might delay the singularity beyond this century, if it happens at all.Systems theorist Richard Coren,in his book The Evolutionary Trajectory, projects a singularity in 2140. Technological, ethical and regulatory challenges might all potentially slow the pace of AI development. Moreover, figures such as Roman Yampolskiy point out that predicting the exact timeline is extremely difficult due to the exceptional nature of the singularity itself. The developments leading to a singularity involve many variables, including breakthroughs in AI algorithms, hardware capabilities and socictal factors that are hard to forecast with accuracy. Eamonn Healy, a professor at St.Edward’s University, assumes the evolution, particularly in terms of technological and intellectual advancement, is proceeding at an ever-increasing pace, compressing what used to take millennia into centuries and even shorter time frames. This concept of the acceleration (加速) of technological advancements echoes the views of futurists such as Ray Kurzweil, who predict that such changes might occur around the mid-21st century. 63. The underlined word “steer” in the passage is closest in meaning to_________. A. quicken B. restrict C. direct D. predict 64. If an expert foresees the singularity in less than 30 years, who might he team up with? A. Ray Kurzweil and Richard Coren. B. Eamonn Healy and Ray Kurzweil. C. Roman Yampolskiy and Eamonn Healy. D. Richard Coren and Roman Yampolskiy. 65. What best describes Roman Yampolskiy’s attitude toward predicting the singularity? A. Reserved. B. Optimistic. C. Indifferent. D. Neutral. 66. Which statement best summarizes the passage? A. The singularity is a guaranteed event with clear benefits. B. The singularity’s timelinc and implications remain uncertain. C. Experts agree the singularity will occur by 2045 without delay. D. AI development is accelerated due to regulatory obstacles. Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. The Man Who Invented the Future Known as the father of science fiction, Jules Verne’s works transported readers on exciting adventures across the Earth and beyond. In his imaginative novels, Verne penned more than adventure stories. ____67____ In In the Year 2889, Verne described a world with global multimedia communication. The character is able to communicate with his wife on another continent, using the “phonotelephote” — a device capable of sending sound and images over long distances. In From the Earth to the Moon, Verne even envisioned a lunar voyage decades before the first actual moon landing. Unlike fantasies or supernatural tales, Verne’s works focused on imagining the future. ____68____ This approach laid the foundation for the “hard science fiction” of the 20th century, which emphasized the importance of scientific accuracy. Verne was an advocate of scientific progress and innovation. ____69____ Many of his stories feature brilliant yet mad scientists. For example, characters like Captain Nemo in Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea use their inventions for destructive purposes, suggesting that it is human nature, not the technology itself, that determines whether it becomes a force for good or harm. ____70____ He shapes the way generations think about technology and the human mind’s potential. That is the greatest achievement of Verne’s timeless works. A. But his writings offer a different perspective. B. Verne’s influence extends far beyond literature. C. This method required extraordinary talents and scientific insights. D. His visions were grounded in science and his own thorough research. E. His tales may reduce the popularity of supernatural stories to some extent. F. He also imagined technological advancements long before they became reality. III. Summary Writing 71. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Crown (树冠) Shyness Do you love forest bathing or taking walks in the forests? Then once in a while, you’ve witnessed a somewhat appealing phenomenon in which tree crowns in the forest seem to deliberately keep to themselves and avoid touching each other. Strange as this may seem, it is, in fact, a natural phenomenon and has a name: crown shyness. There are many theories behind this fascinating phenomenon, but the most convincing one relates to competition and defense. To grow better, trees depend on vital elements such as sunlight, water, and soil nutrients. By maintaining gaps between their crowns, they can maximize their intake of these necessities, ensuring healthy growth and a balanced ecosystem. Additionally, crown shyness acts as a protective barrier against insects and diseases. The physical separation between tree tops reduces the spread of harmful organisms and lowers the risk of widespread infection that could threaten large areas of the forest. This phenomenon, however, is not uniform across all trees. The extent and intensity of crown shyness can vary, with some gaps small and other separations obvious. Some people might think this natural phenomenon is merely a random occurrence with no real purpose, but this is not the case. Crown shyness allows each tree to access enough sunlight by preventing the overlap of branches. It ensures that sunlight can reach the lower branches and leaves, promoting their growth and enabling efficient energy production. Moreover, crown shyness aids in the efficient distribution of rainfall. When rain falls through the tree tops, the gaps between tree crowns act as channels, guiding water to the forest floor. It also plays a role in reducing wind resistance. The gaps between tree crowns create pathways for wind to pass through the forest, reducing potential damage caused by strong winds. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ IV. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 72. 骆驼会本能地适应干旱的沙漠环境。（instinct）（汉译英） _____________________________________________________________________________________ 73. 故地重游，童年伙伴的欢声笑语依然在老街上回转悠扬。(echo) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 74. 倘若人工智能完全取代人类劳动，那岂不是每个人都面临失业的风险？(risk) (汉译英) _____________________________________________________________________________________ 75. 拥有百年历史的大同中学坐落于市中心，馆藏丰富，读者可以在这里找到各种珍贵的书籍。(whose) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ V. Guided Writing 76. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假如你是大同中学的高三学生江海波，你的学校决定延长下课15分钟并增设体育运动，现向同学们征集意见。你对此有一些想法，便写信给学生会。信件内容包括： 1. 具体的活动安排； 2. 设计这些活动的理由。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $