专题02 六大时态 & 形容词、副词的比较等级（期中复习讲义）英语新教材沪教版五四制七年级下册

专题02 六大时态 & 形容词、副词的比较等级 （期中复习讲义） 考●点●剖●析 一、六种基础时态讲解 1. 一般现在时（Simple Present Tense） 定义：表示经常性、习惯性的动作或状态，客观真理、自然规律，或现阶段的事实。 标志词：always（总是）、usually（通常）、often（经常）、sometimes（有时）、every day/week（每天/每周）、never（从不）、seldom（很少）。 基本结构： 主语（三单）+ 动词第三人称单数（s/es）+ 其他 主语（非三单）+ 动词原形 + 其他 例句： He often goes to school by bike.（他经常骑自行车上学——习惯性动作） The sun rises in the east.（太阳从东方升起——客观真理） I like reading books.（我喜欢看书——现阶段事实） 易错点：主语是第三人称单数（he/she/it/单数名词）时，动词必须加s/es（如go→goes，do→does），不可用原形。 2. 一般过去时（Simple Past Tense） 定义：表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，动作已结束，与现在无关。 标志词：yesterday（昨天）、last week（上周）、just now（刚才）、ago（……以前，如three days ago三天前）、in 2023（在2023年）、then（那时）。 基本结构：主语 + 动词过去式 + 其他 例句： I went to the park yesterday.（我昨天去了公园——过去发生的动作） She was 10 years old last year.（她去年10岁——过去的状态） They finished their homework just now.（他们刚才完成了作业） 易错点：不规则动词的过去式需要特殊记忆（如go→went，eat→ate，see→saw），不可直接加ed。 3. 一般将来时（Simple Future Tense） 定义：表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，或计划、打算做某事。 标志词：tomorrow（明天）、next week（下周）、in the future（在未来）、soon（很快）、this weekend（这个周末）、will（将要）、be going to（打算）。 基本结构： 主语 + will + 动词原形 + 其他（最常用，无人称变化） 主语 + be (am/is/are) going to + 动词原形 + 其他（强调计划、打算） 例句： I will visit my grandparents tomorrow.（我明天要去看望祖父母） She is going to learn English next term.（她下学期打算学英语） It will rain this afternoon.（今天下午会下雨） 易错点：will后必须接动词原形，不可加s/es；be going to中，be动词要根据主语人称变化（am/is/are）。 4. 现在进行时（Present Continuous Tense） 定义：表示此时此刻正在发生的动作，或现阶段正在进行的动作（不一定此时此刻）。 标志词：now（现在）、at the moment（此刻）、look（看）、listen（听）、these days（这些天）。 基本结构：主语 + be (am/is/are) + 动词-ing（现在分词） + 其他 例句： Look! They are playing football on the playground.（看！他们正在操场上踢足球——此时此刻） I am reading a book these days.（这些天我正在读一本书——现阶段） She is cooking dinner now.（她现在正在做晚饭） 易错点：动词-ing的变化规则（如write→writing，run→running，stop→stopping），不可漏写ing；be动词要与人称匹配。 5. 过去进行时（Past Continuous Tense） 定义：表示过去某个具体时间正在发生的动作，或过去某段时间内持续进行的动作。 标志词：at 8 o’clock last night（昨晚8点）、this time yesterday（昨天这个时候）、when/while（当……的时候，引导过去的时间）。 基本结构：主语 + be (was/were) + 动词-ing + 其他 例句： I was watching TV at 8 o’clock last night.（昨晚8点我正在看电视） They were playing games when I arrived.（我到达的时候，他们正在玩游戏） She was studying all night yesterday.（昨天她一整晚都在学习） 易错点：be动词用was（主语单数/不可数）或were（主语复数/you），不可混淆；常与一般过去时连用（when引导的从句用一般过去时，主句用过去进行时）。 6. 现在完成时（Present Perfect Tense） 定义：表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去开始持续到现在的动作/状态。 标志词：already（已经，用于肯定句）、yet（还，用于否定句/疑问句）、ever（曾经）、never（从未）、just（刚刚）、for + 一段时间（如for 3 years）、since + 过去时间点（如since 2020）。 基本结构：主语 + have/has + 动词过去分词 + 其他 例句： I have finished my homework.（我已经完成了作业——过去动作对现在的影响：现在不用做了） She has lived here for 5 years.（她在这里住了5年——从过去持续到现在） Have you ever been to Beijing?（你曾经去过北京吗？） 易错点：不规则动词的过去分词需特殊记忆（如go→gone，eat→eaten，see→seen）；for+一段时间、since+过去时间点，不可与一般过去时连用。 二、形容词、副词的比较级和最高级 定义：用于比较两个人或事物的程度，比较级表示“更……”，最高级表示“最……”。 前提：形容词修饰名词（如a tall boy），副词修饰动词/形容词/其他副词（如run fast，very tall），两者变化规则基本一致（少数特殊情况）。 1. 变化规则（分3类） （1）规则变化 类型 变化方式 形容词例子 副词例子 单音节词（如tall, fast） 比较级+er；最高级+est tall→taller→tallest fast→faster→fastest 以e结尾的单音节词（如nice, late） 比较级+r；最高级+st nice→nicer→nicest late→later→latest 以“辅音字母+y”结尾（如happy, easy） 变y为i，+er；变y为i，+est happy→happier→happiest easily→more easily→most easily（例外：副词y结尾，多音节变化） 重读闭音节（辅+元+辅，如big, hot） 双写末尾辅音，+er；双写末尾辅音，+est big→bigger→biggest；hot→hotter→hottest sadly→more sadly→most sadly（例外：副词多为多音节变化） 多音节词（3个及以上音节，如beautiful, carefully） 比较级+more；最高级+most beautiful→more beautiful→most beautiful carefully→more carefully→most carefully （2）特殊变化（必须死记） 原级 比较级 最高级 备注（形容词/副词同形） good/well better best good是形容词，well是副词 bad/badly worse worst bad是形容词，badly是副词 many/much more most many修饰可数名词，much修饰不可数名词 little less least 修饰不可数名词，表“少” far farther/further farthest/furthest farther指距离远，further指程度深 2. 用法（核心句型） （1）比较级用法（两者比较） 基本句型：A + be + 比较级 + than + B（A比B更……） 例句：She is taller than her sister.（她比她妹妹高。） 进阶：A + 动词 + 比较级 + than + B 例句：He runs faster than me.（他比我跑得快。） 补充：much/a little + 比较级（……得多/一点） 例句：This book is much more interesting than that one.（这本书比那本有趣得多。） （2）最高级用法（三者及以上比较） 基本句型：A + be + the + 最高级 + 范围（in/of...）（A是……中最……的） 例句：She is the tallest in our class.（她是我们班最高的。） 进阶：A + 动词 + the + 最高级 + 范围 例句：He runs the fastest of all the students.（他是所有学生中跑得最快的。） 易错点：最高级前面必须加the，范围（in/of短语）不可省略。 3. 易错点总结 形容词修饰名词，副词修饰动词，不可混淆（如“跑得快”是run fast，不是run fast）。 多音节词（3个及以上）的比较级/最高级，必须加more/most，不可加er/est（如beautiful→more beautiful，不可说beautifuler）。 特殊变化（good→better→best等）需单独记忆，不可按规则变化。 最高级前面必须加the，比较级前面不加the（除非特指，如the taller of the two两个人中较高的那个）。 提●分●必●刷 一、单项选择 1．The students were excited because they ________ a drama performance the day before. A．give B．had given C．were giving D．will give 【答案】B 【详解】句意：学生们很兴奋，因为他们前一天举行了一场戏剧表演。 考查过去完成时。根据“were excited”可知，主句使用了一般过去时；从句中的“the day before”表示“前一天”，说明“表演”发生在“兴奋”之前，即“过去的过去”，应使用过去完成时。故选B。 2．It ________ heavily, so we can’t go outside to play in the park now. A．rains B．is raining C．rained D．was raining 【答案】B 【详解】句意：雨下得很大，所以我们现在不能去公园外面玩了。 考查现在进行时。rains第三人称单数形式；is raining现在进行时；rained动词过去式或过去分词；was raining过去进行时。根据“It...heavily, so we can’t go outside to play in the park now.”可知，句中描述的是当前正在发生的动作，需用现在进行时，结构为“is/am/are+动词现在分词”。故选B。 3．Sarah, as well as her classmates, _________ expecting the school trip to the historical museum. A．is B．are C．has D．have 【答案】A 【详解】句意：萨拉和她的同学们都期待着学校去历史博物馆的旅行。 考查主谓一致。is是，第三人称单数形式；are是，第二人称或第一、三人称复数形式；has有，第三人称单数形式；have有，第一、二人称或第三人称复数形式。根据“expecting the school trip to the historical museum”可知，此处表示期待学校去历史博物馆的旅行，因此谓语用be expecting，as well as连接并列主语，谓语动词用“就远原则”，谓语根据第一个主语Sarah来判断，因此谓语用第三人称单数形式，故选A。 4．All his passengers as well as the captain ________ alive when they were rescued from the sinking ship. A．was B．were C．is D．are 【答案】B 【详解】句意：当他的所有乘客和船长从正在下沉的船被救出时，他们都还活着。 考查一般过去时和主谓一致。根据“when they were rescued from the sinking ship.”可知，该句时态为一般过去时；又根据分析句子可知，该句主语是All his passengers as well as the captain，as well as连接两个部分时，谓语动词的单复数遵循“就远原则”，即由All his passengers决定，所以此处be动词要用were。故选B。 5．Last weekend, Peter ________ his finger by accident when he was cooking lunch. A．burns B．burnt C．was burning D．is burning 【答案】B 【详解】句意：上周末，彼得在做午饭时不小心烧伤了手指。 考查动词时态。根据“Last weekend”可知，设空处描述过去发生的动作，为一般过去时，故选B。 6．Listen! Who ________ Faye Wong’s The World Gave It to Me in the music room? A．sings B．will sing C．is singing D．sang 【答案】C 【详解】句意：听！谁正在音乐室里唱王菲的《世界赠予我的》？ 考查动词时态。根据“Listen!”可知，此处表示正在发生的动作，应用现在进行时，其结构为“be动词+动词的现在分词”，主语为“Who”，be动词用is，sing的现在分词为singing。故选C。 7．If you ________ harder than before, you ________ the final exam. A．study; pass B．will study; pass C．study; will pass D．will study; will pass 【答案】C 【详解】句意：如果你比以前更努力学习，你就会通过期末考试。 考查动词时态。分析句子结构可知，本句为含if引导的条件状语从句的主从复合句，需遵循“主将从现”原则：即通常情况下，从句用一般现在时表条件，主句用一般将来时 (will +动词原形) 表结果；第一个空位于if引导的条件从句中，需使用一般现在时，主语是you，谓语动词用原形；第二个空位于主句中，需使用一般将来时“will pass”表示未来的结果。故选C。 8．—Where are the students of Class Two now? —They ________ over something important in the classroom. A．are talking B．talked C．talk D．were talking 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——二班的学生现在在哪里？——他们正在教室里讨论一些重要的事情。 考查时态。根据“Where are the students of Class Two now?”可知，时态为现在进行时，结构为be doing，主语they为复数，be动词用are。故选A。 9．Sorry, I’m busy at the moment. I ________ my homework. A．am doing B．have done C．will do D．was doing 【答案】A 【详解】句意：对不起，我现在很忙。我正在做我的作业。 考查动词的时态。am doing正在做，现在进行时；have done已经做了，现在完成时；will do将要做，一般将来时；was doing过去正在做，过去进行时。根据“Sorry, I’m busy at the moment.”可知，现在很忙，说明正在做某事，用现在进行时，am doing符合语境。故选A。 10．—Helen, I didn’t see you in the classroom at five yesterday afternoon. —Oh, I ________ singing for Youth Day on May 4th. A．will practice B．practice C．am practicing D．was practicing 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——Helen，昨天下午五点我没在教室看到你。——哦，我当时正在为5月4日的青年节练习唱歌。    考查动词时态辨析。will practice一般将来时；practice一般现在时； am practicing现在进行时；was practicing过去进行时。根据题干中“at five yesterday afternoon”可知，动作发生在过去某一具体时间，强调当时正在进行的动作，需用过去进行时。故选D。 11．It has been three years since he________ his hometown. A．leaves B．left C．has left D．will leave 【答案】B 【详解】句意：自从他离开家乡，已经过去三年了。 考查动词时态。句子结构为“It has been + 时间段 + since + 过去时从句”，表示“自从……以来已经多久了”。主句用现在完成时，since后的从句需用一般过去时。故选B。 12．In the last few years, the city ________ many old trees due to urban development. A．lost B．has lost C．loses D．is losing 【答案】B 【详解】句意：在过去几年里，由于城市发展，这座城市失去了许多古树。 考查现在完成时。根据时间状语“in the last few years”可知表示过去发生且持续到现在的动作，用现在完成时“has lost”。故选B。 13．—Don’t forget to ask him to write to me. — I won’t. As soon as he ________, I’ll ask him to write to you. A．will come B．came C．comes D．is coming 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——不要忘记叫他给我写信。——我不会忘记的。他一回来，我就叫他给你写信。 考查动词的时态。句子是“as soon as”引导的时间状语从句，遵循“主将从现”的原则，主句是一般将来时，从句是一般现在时表示将来。主语是“he”，是第三人称单数，表达“来”，从句动词用“comes”。故选C。 14．—Why are you in such a hurry, John? —There ________ a basketball match between Class One and our class in ten minutes. A．is going to be B．is going to have C．will have D．will hold 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——John，你为什么这么着急？——十分钟后一班和我们班将有一场篮球赛。 考查there be句型的一般将来时。have有；hold举办；there be有，根据空前的“There”和空后的“in ten minutes”可知，应该用there be句型的一般将来时，构成：there will be/there is going to be，故选A。 15．Please tell John to call me back as soon as he _______ back to the office. A．come B．comes C．will come D．came 【答案】B 【详解】句意：请告诉约翰一回到办公室就给我回电话。 考查状语从句。as soon as引导时间状语从句，意为“一……就……”。如果主句用将来时、情态动词或祈使句，从句必须用一般现在时代替将来时。从句主语为he，故动词come应用第三人称单数形式，故选B。 16．I _______ great progress in my study since you taught me your good learning method. A．have made B．had made C．made D．would make 【答案】A 【详解】句意：自从你教我好的学习方法以来，我在学习上取得了很大的进步。 考查现在完成时。make great progress取得很大的进步，根据后面的“since you taught me your good learning method”可知，时态用现在完成时，故选A。 17．The two boys ______ along the lake when they heard a loud cry for help． A．walk B．were walking C．will walk D．have walked 【答案】B 【详解】句意“两个小男孩正在沿湖边散步的时候，听到大声的呼救”。 A.一般现在时；B.过去进行时；C.一般将来时；D.现在完成时。根据heard可知，表示过去。且根据句意可知，表示“当两个男孩听到呼救声的时候，他们正在湖边散步”，过去某时刻正在进行的动作。用过去进行时。故选B。 18．Wait a moment! He _________ a meeting in the meeting room. A．will have B．has C．is having D．had 【答案】C 【详解】句意：稍等片刻！他正在会议室开会。 考查动词时态。A. will have    一般将来时；B. has一般现在时；C. is having现在进行时；D. had一般过去时。根据上文“稍等片刻！”可知“他正在会议室开会。”此句是现在进行时；故选C。 19．Steven came to China ten months ago and he _____ as an engineer since then． A．had worked B．is working C．worked D．has worked 【答案】D 【详解】句意“史蒂芬十个月前来到中国并且自从那时以来，他已经以一个工程师的身份工作”。 A.had worked过去完成时； B.is working现在进行时； C.worked过去式； D.has worked现在完成时。根据since then“从那时以来”可知，用现在完成时have/has+动词的过去分词。主语为he，用has worked，故选D。 【点睛】常见的现在完成时的标志词：already，in the past few years; for; since; since then; lately; so far；since+过去时间点；for+一段时间等。 20．The students ________ the Art Festival when I passed by their school. A．celebrate B．were celebrating C．will celebrate D．have celebrated 【答案】B 【详解】考查过去进行时，当我经过学校是，学生正在庆祝艺术节，由passed一词可知是一般过去时，答案选B。 21．If you ___ a list of things that you have to do, you won’t forget to do them. A．make B．will make C．made D．are making 【答案】A 【详解】句意“如果你列一个你必须做的事情的清单，你就不会忘记做它们”。A.一般现在时；B.一般将来时；C.一般过去时；D.现在进行时。根据“主将从现”原则，即主句用一般将来时，if引导的从句用一般现在时，故选A。 22．I _______ the book for two weeks. I must return it to the school library. A．borrow B．have borrowed C．kept D．have kept 【答案】D 【详解】句意：这本书我借了两周了。我必须把它还给学校图书馆。 考查现在完成时。根据时间状语“for two weeks”可知，此题应用现在完成时态，和时间段连用，谓语动词要用延续性动词，与borrow相应的延续性动词是keep，故选D。 23．They ________ France for five years. He has been used to the life there. A．have been in B．have been to C．have gone to D．have come in 【答案】A 【详解】句意：他们在法国已经待了五年了。他已经习惯了那里的生活。 考查现在完成时的用法。have been in表示“在某地待了多久”，是延续性的；have been to表示“去过某地（已回来）”；have gone to表示“去了某地（未回来）”；have come in已经进来，短暂动词。根据“They...France for five years. He has been used to the life there.”可知，“for five years”是一段时间，常与延续性动词连用。这里需要表示“在法国待了五年”，所以用“have been in”。故选A。 24．— You have been in Neijiang for a long time? — Yeah, ________ my parents came here, ________ about ten years. A．when; for B．for; since C．when; in D．since; for 【答案】D 【详解】句意：—— 你在内江待了很久了吗？ —— 是的，自从我父母来到这里，大约有十年了。 考查时间状语从句和介词辨析。when当……；in在……里面；since自从；for持续，加一段时间。根据“my parents came here”可知，第一空表示“自从我父母来到这里”；根据“about ten years”可知，for后接时间段，用来表示动作持续的时间长度。故选D。 25．The plane ________ some mild turbulence currently. We need to have our seat belts fastened. A．experiences B．experienced C．has experienced D．is experiencing 【答案】D 【详解】句意：飞机目前正在经历一些轻微的颠簸，我们需要系好安全带。 考查现在进行时的用法。根据“We need to have our seat belts fastened”可知，我们需要系好安全带，可推知颠簸正在发生中，描述目前正在发生的动作，应用现在进行时。故选D。 26．When we heard a big argument, my dad and I ___________ for the ferry. A．waited B．are waiting C．were waiting D．had waited 【答案】C 【详解】句意：当我们听到一场激烈的争吵时，我和爸爸正在等渡船。 考查谓语动词时态。wait意为“等待”。waited一般过去时；am waiting现在进行时；were waiting过去进行时；had waited过去完成时。分析题干可知，本句是复合句，含有when引导的时间状语从句，且此处when表示当一个动作发生时，另一个动作正在进行；本句when引导时间状语从句时态为一般过去时，主句应用过去进行时，故选C。 27．The Walt Disney Company ________ 6 theme parks since it opened its first one in 1955. A．opens B．opened C．has opened D．had opened 【答案】C 【详解】句意：自1955年开设第一家主题公园以来，华特迪士尼公司已经开设了6家主题公园。 考查动词时态。opens一般现在时三单形式；opened一般过去时；has opened现在完成时；had opened过去完成时。根据“since it opened its first one in 1955”可知，过去的动作一直持续到现在，故用现在完成时。故选C。 28．Let’s go to visit Shanghai Museum if you _______ free tomorrow. A．will be B．are C．were D．to be 【答案】B 【详解】句意：如果你明天有空，我们去参观上海博物馆吧。 考查含有if引导的条件状语从句。根据“Let’s go to visit Shanghai Museum if you…free tomorrow.”可知，本句为含有if引导的条件状语从句的主从复合句，主语为祈使句，则从句用一般现在时。故选B。 29．It seems _________ that he looks so _________ before exams. A．puzzled; relaxed B．puzzling; relaxing C．puzzling; relaxed D．puzzled; relaxing 【答案】C 【详解】句意：他在考试前看起来如此放松，这似乎令人费解。 puzzled困惑的，一般修饰人；relaxed放松的，一般修饰人；puzzling令人困惑的，一般修饰物；relaxing令人放松的，一般修饰物。主句主语It是物，应用puzzling；从句主语he是人，应用relaxed。 30．The guide looks very ________, so I think we can ask him for help. A．friendly B．carefully C．clearly D．politely 【答案】A 【详解】句意：导游看起来很友好，所以我想我们可以请他帮忙。 考查形容词的用法。friendly友好的；carefully认真地；clearly清楚地；politely礼貌地。根据“so I think we can ask him for help.”可知他看起来很友好，所以可以向他求助，此处作looks的表语，用形容词，用friendly。故选A。 31．Aunt Amy felt extremely ________ after she failed the driving test again. A．frustratedly B．frustrating C．frustrated D．frustratingly 【答案】C 【详解】句意：Amy阿姨驾照考试又没通过后，感到极其沮丧。 考查形容词和副词辨析。frustratedly沮丧地；frustrating令人沮丧的；frustrated沮丧的；frustratingly令人沮丧地。根据“Aunt Amy felt extremely ... after she failed the driving test again”可知，felt是系动词，后接形容词作表语，此处描述人的感受，要用frustrated。故选C。 32．Deepseek always gives wonderful ideas to keep people ________. A．excite B．exciting C．excited D．excitement 【答案】C 【详解】句意：Deepseek总是提供精彩的想法来让人们兴奋。 考查形容词的用法。excite使兴奋；exciting令人兴奋的；excited感到兴奋的；excitement兴奋。分析句子结构可知，此处应用形容词形式，作宾语补足语，句中“people”为宾语，应用excited。故选C。 33．This new air conditioner is a bit ________ than that one, but it can save electricity. A．expensive B．more expensive C．the most expensive D．cheap 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这台新的空调比那台贵一点，但是它省电。 考查形容词的比较级。expensive昂贵的，形容词原级；more expensive昂贵的，形容词的比较级；the most expensive最贵的，形容词的最高级；cheap便宜的，形容词原级。根据“than”可知，此处是两台空调进行比较，故此处应该使用形容词的比较级。故选B。 34．The teacher always makes every word on the blackboard so ________ that students can see them ________. A．clear, easy B．clearly, easy C．clear, easily D．clearly, easily 【答案】C 【详解】句意：老师总是把黑板上的每一个字都写得那么清楚，学生们都能很容易地看到。 考查形容词和副词辨析。clear清晰的，形容词；clearly清晰地，副词；easy容易的，形容词；easily容易地，副词。根据“makes every word on the blackboard so...”可知，此处使用形容词clear作宾语补足语；根据“students can see them...”可知，此处使用副词easily修饰动词see，表示“学生们都能很容易地看到”。故选C。 35．We should plant more environmentally-friendly trees in order to make Shanghai ________ . A．more beautifully B．more beautiful C．much beautiful D．beautifully 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我们应该种植更多环保树木，让上海变得更美丽。 考查形容词比较级。根据“make Shanghai”可知，此处需用形容词原级或比较级作补语，排除副词形式 (A、D)及错误比较级 (C)。故选B。 36．He leads an ________ lifestyle with regular exercise outdoors. A．act B．active C．activity D．actively 【答案】B 【详解】句意：他保持着积极的生活方式，经常在户外进行锻炼。 考查形容词。act行动，动词；active活跃的、积极的，形容词；activity活动，名词；actively积极地，副词。此处应用形容词作定语，修饰名词lifestyle，故选B。 37．My mother seemed ________with my spelling mistakes. She was a bit angry. A．happy B．happily C．unhappy D．unhappily 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我妈妈似乎对我的拼写错误感到不高兴。她有点生气。 考查形容词辨析。happy高兴的，形容词；happily高兴地，副词；unhappy不高兴的，形容词；unhappily不高兴地，副词。seem是系动词，后接形容词作表语，排除 B、D 选项。根据“She was a bit angry.”可知妈妈有点生气，说明她对我的拼写错误不高兴，用unhappy。故选C。 38．Trees need to breathe a certain amount of oxygen to keep themselves __________. A．live B．alive C．living D．life 【答案】B 【详解】句意：树木需要吸收一定量的氧气以维持自身存活。 考查形容词用法。live活的，形容词，常作前置定语；alive活着的，形容词，可作表语、定语和宾语补足语等；living活着的，形容词，常作定语和表语，不能作宾语补足语；life生命，名词。keep sth+形容词“使某物……”，空处填形容词作宾语补足语。故选B。 39．Is this a photo of your daughter? She looks ________ in the pink dress. A．lovely B．quietly C．beautifully D．happily 【答案】A 【详解】句意：这是你女儿的照片吗？她穿粉红的连衣裙真可爱。 考查形容词辨析。lovely可爱的，形容词；quietly安静地，副词；beautifully美丽地，副词；happily高兴地，副词。look为连系动词，后接形容词作表语。故选A。 40．Almost everyone agrees that driving a private car is _______ than taking the underground. A．much expensive B．much more expensive C．expensive D．far expensive 【答案】B 【详解】句意：几乎每个人都同意驾驶私家车比乘坐地铁更贵。 本题考查形容词。expensive是形容词的原级，more expensive是形容词的比较级， much或far修饰比较级，不修饰原级，排除AD两项。根据than此处用比较级。故选B。 41．In the nature, male birds are usually ______ than female ones. A．colourful B．much colourful C．much more colourful D．most colourful 【答案】C 【详解】句意：在自然界中，雄性鸟类一般比雌性色彩艳丽得多。 本题主要考查形容词的比较级。根据句意，在自然界中，雄性鸟类一般比雌性色彩艳丽（colourful）得多。colourful 为多音节词，变为比较级需要在前面加 more。much 可用于修饰形容词比较级，表示“比……得多”，强调程度高。故正确答案为C。 【点睛】比较级变形规则： 1．一般单音节词和少数以 -er,-ow 结尾的双音节词，比较级在后面加 -er； 1）单音节词 如：small → smaller，short → shorter，tall → taller，great → greater 2）双音节词 如：clever → cleverer，narrow → narrower 2．以不发音 e 结尾的单音节词，比较在原级后加 -r； 如：large →larger nice→nicer able → abler 3．在重读闭音节（即：辅音 ＋ 元音 ＋ 辅音）中，先双写末尾的辅音字母，比较级加 -er； 如：big → bigger，hot → hotter，fat → fatter 4．以“辅音字母 ＋ y”结尾的双音节词,把 y 改为 i ，比较级加 -er； 如：easy → easier，heavy → heavier，busy → busier，happy → happier 5．其他双音节词和多音节词,比较级在前面加more； 如：beautiful → more beautiful，different → more different，easily → more easily 比较级的修饰语： 1．表示“稍稍”、“一点”意义的 a bit，a little，rather，some，any 等； 2．表示“……得多”的 much，far，a great/good deal，a lot，a good bit 等；表示“更加”意义的 still，even，yet 等； 3．表示确定程度的修饰语，如分数或有关长度、时间、重量等名词词组通常放在比较级前，也可由 by 引出而置于比较级之后，如 this bridge is longer than that one by 10 meters 意为“这桥比那桥长10米”。 42．The comic strips should be full of action to keep the readers ______． A．interests B．interesting C．interested D．interest 【答案】C 【详解】句意：连环画应该充满动作，以保持读者的兴趣。 考查形容词。A兴趣，名词复数．B有趣的，通常修饰事物。C感兴趣的，通常修饰人。D兴趣，名词。keep+形容词，保持某种状态，固定搭配。A，D不正确．由"读者"可知，形容人感兴趣，用形容词interested。故选C。 【点睛】本题需注意辨析interesting和interested，两者都是属于形容词，来修饰名词，只是interesting是修饰事或物的，interested是修饰人的，所以我们做题时，要仔细分清楚主语是人还是物。 43．The advantage of the new App is to make our payment ______ than before. A．convenient B．conveniently C．more convenient D．more conveniently 【答案】C 【详解】考查形容词比较级用法。句意：新的应用程序的优点是让我们的支付比以前更便捷。根据空格后的than可知，用比较级，排除A和B；make+宾语+形容词，根据形容词可以作名词payment的宾语补足语，可知用比较级more convenient, 故选C。 44．A recent study shows that gardening is _________ activity among people over 50s. A．popular B．more popular C．the most popular D．most popular 【答案】C 【详解】句意：一个最近的研究表明，园艺是50多岁的人们中最受欢迎的活动。 考查形容词的最高级。根据“among people over 50s.”可知比较对象大于3个用形容词的最高级。popular是多音节的形容词，要借助most来构成，且前加定冠词the。故选C。 45．Don’t speak to him like that. He’s only an _______ boy. A．8 years old B．8-year old C．8-year-old D．8-years old 【答案】C 【详解】句意：别那样跟他说话。他只是个八岁的男孩。 考查复合形容词。8 years old八岁了；8-year-old八岁的。根据“boy”可知前缺形容词“八岁的”，复合形容词作前置定语。故选C。 46．—How are these children? —Of all these children, Jim has ________ life and he lives ________. A．the most happy; most happily B．the happiest; most happily C．the happiest; happiest D．happier; happiest 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——这些孩子怎么样？——在所有这些孩子中，吉姆的生活最幸福，他活得最幸福。 考查形容词及副词最高级。根据“Of all these children”可知，空处应用最高级形式；第一空修饰名词life应用形容词happy，最高级为the happiest；第二空修饰动词lives应用副词happily，最高级为most happily。故选B。 47．These days everyone seems ________ than a bee. A．busy B．busier C．busily D．more busily 【答案】B 【详解】句意：如今，每个人似乎都比蜜蜂更忙碌。 考查比较级。busy忙的，形容词；busier更忙，比较级；busily忙，副词；more busily更忙，比较级。根据“than”可知应用比较级，排除AC；seem是系动词，后加形容词作表语，故选B。 48．Christine wears a red dress today. She looks as ________ as a Barbie doll. A．beautifully B．likely C．lovely D．softly 【答案】C 【详解】句意：Christine今天穿了一件红色的连衣裙。她看起来像芭比娃娃一样可爱。 考查形容词用法以及形容词辨析。beautifully漂亮地，副词；likely可能的，形容词；lovely可爱的，形容词；softly柔软地，副词。looks后加形容词作表语，排除A、D；根据“as a Barbie doll”可知应是像芭比娃娃一样可爱。故选C。 49．________ you do your homework, ________ mistakes you will make. A．The more careful; the less B．The more carefully; the fewer C．The more careful; the fewer D．The more carefully; the less 【答案】B 【详解】句意：你做作业越仔细，你犯的错误就越少。 考查副词和比较级用法。careful仔细的，形容词；carefully仔细地，副词；less更少，little的比较级，修饰不可数名词；fewer更少，few的比较级，修饰可数名词复数。第一空修饰动词do，需用副词carefully的比较级more carefully；第二空后mistakes是可数名词复数，需用fewer修饰。故选B。 50．The wind is blowing much ________ than before. You’d better go out now. A．strongly B．more strongly C．gently D．more gently 【答案】D 【详解】句意：风刮得比刚才小多了。你最好现在就出去。 考查副词的比较级及副词辨析。strongly强有力地，副词原级；more strongly更强有力地，副词比较级；gently轻柔地，副词原级；more gently更轻柔地，副词比较级。根据“than before”可知，此处需用比较级。又根据“You’d better go out now”可知，风刮得更小了，所以可以出去。故选D。 51．The old man sat up and looked ________ at the person who woke him up. A．lonely B．angrily C．lovely D．friendly 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这个老人坐了起来，生气地看着那个把他叫醒的人。 考查形容词和副词词义辨析。lonely孤独的；angrily生气地；lovely可爱的；friendly友好的。空处修饰动词looked，因此应用副词，再根据“the person who woke him up”可知，是有人把他叫醒了，因此他应该很生气。angrily符合语境。故选B。 52．—Where would you like to go on vacation, Lily? —I’d like to go ________. A．anywhere cool B．cool somewhere C．somewhere cool D．nowhere cool 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——莉莉，你想去哪里度假？——我想去一个凉爽的地方。 考查形容词修饰不定代词。当形容词修饰不定代词时需后置；根据答句“I’d like to go...”可知表达的是肯定的愿望；anywhere常用于否定句或疑问句，somewhere用于肯定句中，nowhere意为“无处”。故选C。 53．The new restaurant was not as ________ as we expected, though the waiters served ________. A．busy; politely B．busily; polite C．busy; polite D．busily; politely 【答案】A 【详解】句意：这家新餐厅并不像我们预期的那样忙碌，尽管服务员们服务得很礼貌。   考查形容词和副词的用法。busy忙碌的，为形容词；politely礼貌地，为副词；busily忙碌地，为副词；polite礼貌的，为形容词。根据“was”可知，第一空需用形容词描述餐厅状态；根据“served”可知，第二空需用副词修饰服务方式。故选A。 54．Jack was running _______ toward me, telling me he had passed the interview! A．excite B．excited C．exciting D．excitedly 【答案】D 【详解】句意：杰克兴奋地朝我跑来，告诉我他通过了面试！ 考查副词的用法。excite使激动，动词；excited兴奋的，形容词；exciting令人激动的，形容词；excitedly兴奋地，副词。此处修饰动词running用副词。故选D。 55．Even the president joined us that evening and we should say he danced ______ . A．nice B．beautiful C．well D．wonderful 【答案】C 【详解】句意：甚至总统那天晚上也加入了我们的行列，不得不说，他舞跳得好。 考查副词用法。nice形容词，美好的；beautiful形容词，美丽的；well副词，好地；wonderful形容词，精彩的。根据“he danced”可知，此处需要一个副词来修饰动词“danced”，表示跳舞的方式或程度。“well”好地，副词。故选C。 56．I don’t think Tim speaks English ________ his sister. A．as fluent as B．so fluent as C．more fluently as D．as fluently as 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我认为蒂姆讲英语不如他姐姐流利。 考查副词原级比较。根据“Tim speaks English”可知，此处是修饰动词speak，用副词fluently；且此处是as ... as结构，中间用原级。故选D。 57．Who chose ________ of all, Jack, Ann or Lily? A．careful B．carefully C．the most careful D．most carefully 【答案】D 【详解】句意：谁选得最仔细，杰克、安还是莉莉？ 考查副词最高级的用法。careful仔细的，形容词原级；carefully仔细地，副词原级；the most careful最仔细的，形容词最高级；most carefully最仔细地，副词最高级。根据“Jack, Ann or Lily”可知，表示三者进行比较，要用最高级。空处修饰动词chose，用副词carefully的最高级most carefully。故选D。 58．Though he was having a bad cold, he studied as ________ as other students. A．hardly B．more hardly C．hard D．harder 【答案】C 【详解】句意：虽然他患了重感冒，但他和其他学生一样努力学习。 考查副词。hardly几乎不；more hardly错误搭配；hard努力地；harder更努力地，比较级。根据“he studied as ...  as other students”可知，此处指和其他学生一样努力学习，as+副词原级+as“和……一样”，固定用法。故选C。 59．—While reading, the more careful you are, the ________ you can find answers in the article. —That’s true. A．easier B．more easily C．easiest D．most easily 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——阅读时，你越仔细，就越容易在文章中找到答案。——没错。 考查比较级。分析句子结构可知，此处为“the+比较级…, the+比较级…”结构，空处在所在句中充当状语，应用副词的比较级形式。故选B。 60．The music sounds ________. How ________ they are playing! A．well, well B．nice, nice C．nice, well D．well, nice 【答案】C 【详解】句意：音乐听起来不错。他们弹得真好！ 考查形容词和副词功能。nice是形容词，意为“令人愉快的，美妙的”；well是副词，意为“好地”；第一空前出现sounds，sound是系动词“听起来”，其后接形容词作表语，排除AC；第二空修饰动词playing，要用副词修饰动词。故选C。 61．Little Sam ________ goes to school by bus. Sometimes, he rides a bicycle. A．never B．seldom C．hardly D．usually 【答案】D 【详解】句意：小山姆通常乘公共汽车上学。有时，他骑自行车。 考查副词辨析。never从不；seldom很少，不常；hardly几乎不；usually通常。根据“Sometimes, he rides a bicycle.”可知，前句介绍的是通常的情况，应用usually，故选D。 62．The volunteer spoke as _______________ as she could to make the visitors understand her. A．clearly B．more clearly C．most clearly D．the most clearly 【答案】A 【详解】句意：这个志愿者尽可能清晰地讲话，使游客听懂她的话。 考查as…as的固定搭配。as…as之间要用形容词或副词的原级。故选A。 63．—_____ bird does he like _______, a crane, a seagull or a sparrow? —A seagull. A．Which; best B．What; well C．How; better D．Which; better 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——他最喜欢哪只鸟，鹤、海鸥还是麻雀？——海鸥。 考查选择疑问句和副词的最高级。根据“a crane, a seagull or a sparrow”可知该句是一个选择疑问句，询问“他最喜欢哪只鸟”，“哪一只”用which，“最喜欢”是动词短语like … best。故选A。 64．We all know that light travels ________ than sound. A．slower B．slowly C．fast D．faster 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我们都知道光速比声速更快。 考查副词比较级。slower更慢的；slowly慢地；fast快地；faster更快地。根据“than”可知，这里用比较级，并且光速比声速传播更快。故选D。 65．—I think his hard work will pay off. —Of course. ________ he works, ________ he will be. A．Hardly; luckily B．The hard; the lucky C．The hardest; the luckiest D．The harder; the luckier 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——我认为他的努力会得到回报。——当然。他越努力，就越幸运。 考查比较级。根据“…he works…he will be.”的语境可知，此处为“the+比较级…, the+比较级…”结构，指他越努力，就越幸运。故选D。 66．Chinese high-speed trains travel ________ of all the trains in the world so far. A．fast B．faster C．much faster D．the fastest 【答案】D 【详解】句意：到目前为止，中国高铁是世界上所有火车中行驶最快的。 考查副词最高级。fast快的；faster更快的；much faster快得多；the fastest最快的。根据“in the world”可知，在世界范围内，应用最高级，fast的最高级是the fastest。故选D。 67．—Why didn’t Mr. Wu choose Jack to do the class project? —Because he always does things ________ in his class. A．carefully B．less carefully C．the most carefully D．the least carefully 【答案】D 【详解】句意：—— 为什么吴老师没选杰克做班级项目？—— 因为他在班里做事总是最不认真。 考查副词最高级。根据 “in his class” 可知，比较范围是三者及以上，用最高级。根据“Why didn’t Mr. Wu choose Jack to do the class project?”说明杰克做事最不认真。故选 D。 二、完成句子 68．Jack sells clothes the most cheaply of all. (保持句意基本不变) Jack sells clothes ________ ________ than the others. 【答案】 more cheaply 【详解】句意：杰克卖的衣服是所有人中最便宜的。结合句意，这句话可以表示为“杰克的衣服卖得比其他人便宜”，此处修饰动词sells，用副词cheaply的比较级more cheaply。故填more；cheaply。 69．Shanghai Library East is so comfortable that we all like to spend the weekend reading books or enjoying some exhibits there. (保持句意基本不变) Shanghai Library East is comfortable ________ ________ ________ all to spend the weekend reading books or enjoying some exhibits there. 【答案】enough for us 【详解】句意：上海东图书馆非常舒适，我们都喜欢周末在那里读书或欣赏一些展品。原句用“so…that”引导结果状语从句，转换时可使用“adj+enough for sb to do sth”，意为“足够……让某人做某事”，us“我们”，故填enough for us。 70．by himself, enough, work out, he, to, clever, isn’t, the truth (.) (连词成句) _______________________________________________________________. 【答案】He isn’t clever enough to work out the truth by himself 【详解】根据标点可知，此句为陈述句，分析所给单词，主语为he，第三人称单数。clever“聪明的”，作表语；enough“足够的”，放在形容词“clever”后，enough to do sth.“足够做某事”。work out“解决，想出”；truth“真相”，为名词。by himself“独自”。故填He isn’t clever enough to work out the truth by himself“他不够聪明，无法自己弄清楚真相”。 71．led, just now, personally, the guests, the manager, to, their rooms (连词成句) __________________________________________________________. 【答案】The manager personally led the guests to their rooms just now / The manager led the guests to their rooms just now personally 【详解】the manager“经理”，名词，作主语，位于句首，首字母大写；led…to…“带领……去……”，动词短语，作谓语；the guests“客人”，名词，作宾语；their rooms“他们的房间”，名词，作介词to的宾语；just now“刚才”，时间状语；personally“亲自”，副词，修饰动词。故填The manager personally led the guests to their rooms just now/The manager led the guests to their rooms just now personally“刚才经理亲自把客人领到了他们的房间”。 72．I am not able to finish this article within three days. (保持句意不变) ________ is ________ for me to finish this article within three days. 【答案】 It impossible 【详解】句意：我无法在三天内完成这篇文章。原句表达的是“不能在三天内完成”，改写后的句子需要保持相同含义。“It is impossible for me to…” 表示“对我来说……是不可能的”，与原句意思一致。故填It；impossible。 73．China is among the most scenic countries in the world.（保持句意基本不变） China is ______ the most scenic countries in the world. 【答案】one of 【详解】句意：中国是世界上风景最美的国家之一。one of可以替代among，表示“……之一”。故填one of。 74．it, one of, in the world, the most popular, tourist destinations, is (连词成句) _______________________________________________________________. 【答案】It is one of the most popular tourist destinations in the world 【详解】根据所给词及标点可知，此句为肯定句；it is“它是”，句首首字母大写；one of the most popular tourist destinations“最受欢迎的旅游目的地之一”；in the world“世界上”。故填It is one of the most popular tourist destinations in the world“它是世界上最受欢迎的旅游目的地之一”。 75．be responsible for, should, they, haven’t agreed on, who, this project _______________________________________________________________. 【答案】They haven’t agreed on who should be responsible for this project 【详解】分析所给单词和标点，该句是陈述句。主语They；谓语动词haven’t agreed；介词on后接宾语从句；引导词who；谓语动词should be；表语responsible；状语for this project，为介词短语，说明责任范围。故填They haven’t agreed on who should be responsible for this project“他们还没有就谁来负责这个项目达成一致意见”。 76．Most of them were so young that they had almost no experience.(保持句意基本一致) Most of them were so young that they had ________ experience. 【答案】little 【详解】句意：他们中的大多数都很年轻，几乎没有经验。‌‌almost no表示“几乎没有”。little‌和‌few‌表示否定意义，带有“几乎没有”的情感。‌little‌用于不可数名词，few‌用于可数名词复数。experience表示“经验”，为不可数名词，用little‌修饰。故填little‌。 77．wisely, manage money, it is, to learn, important, how to, (连词成句) ______________________________________________________. 【答案】It is important to learn how to manage money wisely/It is important to learn how to wisely manage money 【详解】由所给标点可知应用陈述句；分析所给单词，it作形式主语，important放在it is后作表语；how to后接manage money，how to manage money作动词learn的宾语；不定式to learn how to manage money作真正的主语；副词widely修饰动词manage，可以放在动词前，也可以放在动词后。故填It is important to learn how to manage money wisely/It is important to learn how to wisely manage money“学会如何明智地理财是很重要的”。 78．Transport used to be very slow and difficult in the past. (改为一般疑问句) ________ transport ________ to be very slow and difficult in the past? 【答案】 Did use 【详解】句意：过去，交通通常非常缓慢且困难。句子含有“used to”结构，表示过去常常，改为一般疑问句时，需借助助动词Did，并将used改为动词原形use。故填Did；use。 79．My mother will set off for Beijing tomorrow. (对划线部分提问) __________________________________________ set off for Beijing? 【答案】When will your mother 【详解】句意：我妈妈明天动身去北京。划线部分为“tomorrow”，这里是提问时间，用疑问词when来提问，句首首字母大写；原句主语是“My mother”，谓语动词是“will set off”，在疑问句中，将will提到主语前面，且原句中的“my”在疑问句中要变为“your”。故填When will your mother。 80．The plants released oxygen when they were put in the sunlight in the experiment. (改为一般疑问句) ________ the plants ________ oxygen when they were put in the sunlight in the experiment? 【答案】 Did release 【详解】句意：在实验中，当这些植物被放到阳光下时，它们释放了氧气。原句时态为一般过去时，且released为实义动词，一般疑问句需借助助动词did，实义动词改为原形。故填Did；release。 81．Peter’s thinking about ways to fight pollution. (改为一般疑问句) ________ Peter ________ about ways to fight pollution? 【答案】 Is thinking 【详解】句意：彼得正在想办法对抗污染。根据分析陈述句可知，该句时态为现在进行时，谓语是is thinking，该句变为一般疑问句，只需要把be动词is提到句首，首字母要大写即可。故填Is；thinking。 82．The Shenzhou XIX mission astronauts returned to the Earth safely on 30 April.（划线部分提问） ________ ________ the Shenzhou XIX mission astronauts return to the Earth safely? 【答案】 When did 【详解】句意：神舟十九号任务的宇航员于4月30日安全返回地球。划线部分“on 30 April”表示时间，对时间提问应用疑问词“when”。原句为一般过去时，需借助助动词“did”构成疑问句，动词“returned”还原为原形“return”。故填When；did。 83．She always discusses where to go with her friends before travelling. （改为一般疑问句） ________ she always ________ where to go with her friends before travelling? 【答案】 Does discuss 【详解】 句意：她总是在旅行前和朋友们讨论去哪里。原句“She always discusses where to go with her friends before travelling.” 中，“discusses” 是实义动词，第三人称单数形式，变一般疑问句时需借助助动词Does放在句首，且动词恢复原形discuss。故填Does；discuss。 84．The nurse led the old man to the waiting room personally.（改为否定句） The nurse ______ ______ the old man to the waiting room personally. 【答案】 didn’t lead 【详解】句意：护士亲自把老人带到候诊室。分析原句可知，时态为一般过去时，谓语为实义动词led，故改为否定句时要借助助动词didn’t，后接动词原形lead“带领”。故填didn’t；lead。 85．Emily’s never seen her grandparents since she was born.（改为反意疑问句） Emily’s never seen her grandparents since she was born, ________ ________? 【答案】 has she 【详解】句意：艾米丽自从出生以来就没见过她的祖父母。原句是现在完成时的否定句，因此反意疑问句的疑问部分需用肯定形式，主句的主语是Emily，对应的代词应是she，主句的助动词是has，改成疑问句应用has。故填has；she。 86．The government has made laws to reduce or control noise.（改为一般疑问句） ________ the government ________ laws to reduce or control noise? 【答案】 Has made 【详解】句意：政府制定了减少或控制噪音的法律。原句由has made推断属于完成时的陈述句，变为一般疑问句，需要把助动词has提前至句首。故填Has；made。 87．The students on duty have swept the floor already.  (改为否定句) The students on duty ________ ________ the floor yet. 【答案】 haven’t swept 【详解】句意：值日的学生已经扫过地了。改为否定句，时态为现在完成时，直接在助动词have后加not，缩写为haven’t，后接动词过去分词swept。故填haven’t；swept。 88．has / transport / over / years / developed / past / the / quickly / many __________________________________________________________ 【答案】Transport has developed quickly over the past many years. 【详解】根据词汇提示可知，句子是陈述句，且时态为现在完成时（has+过去分词）。主语是Transport“交通”；has developed是谓语，其中developed是实义动词develop的过去分词，构成现在完成时结构；quickly是副词，修饰谓语动词；over the past many years是时间状语，说明动作发生的时间范围，故填Transport has developed quickly over the past many years.“在过去的许多年里，交通发展迅速。” 89．fighters, our,  are, best, pollution, destroying,  we, against（连词成句） _______________________________________________________________. 【答案】We are destroying our best fighters against pollution 【详解】根据所给标点可知应用陈述句的形式，分析所给单词，we作主语，are destroying作谓语，our best fighters against pollution作宾语。故答案为：We are destroying our best fighters against pollution“我们正在摧毁我们对抗污染的最佳战士”。 90．Mrs. Wang hardly said a word during the meeting.（改为反意疑问句） Mrs. Wang hardly said a word during the meeting, ________ ________? 【答案】 did she 【详解】句意：王太太在会上几乎没说一句话。反意疑问句遵循前肯后否，前否后肯，陈述句中含有否定意义词hardly，疑问部分用肯定，根据“said”可知此处借助助动词did，主语用代词she。故填did；she。 1 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题02 六大时态 & 形容词、副词的比较等级 （期中复习讲义） 考●点●剖●析 一、六种基础时态讲解 1. 一般现在时（Simple Present Tense） 定义：表示经常性、习惯性的动作或状态，客观真理、自然规律，或现阶段的事实。 标志词：always（总是）、usually（通常）、often（经常）、sometimes（有时）、every day/week（每天/每周）、never（从不）、seldom（很少）。 基本结构： 主语（三单）+ 动词第三人称单数（s/es）+ 其他 主语（非三单）+ 动词原形 + 其他 例句： He often goes to school by bike.（他经常骑自行车上学——习惯性动作） The sun rises in the east.（太阳从东方升起——客观真理） I like reading books.（我喜欢看书——现阶段事实） 易错点：主语是第三人称单数（he/she/it/单数名词）时，动词必须加s/es（如go→goes，do→does），不可用原形。 2. 一般过去时（Simple Past Tense） 定义：表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，动作已结束，与现在无关。 标志词：yesterday（昨天）、last week（上周）、just now（刚才）、ago（……以前，如three days ago三天前）、in 2023（在2023年）、then（那时）。 基本结构：主语 + 动词过去式 + 其他 例句： I went to the park yesterday.（我昨天去了公园——过去发生的动作） She was 10 years old last year.（她去年10岁——过去的状态） They finished their homework just now.（他们刚才完成了作业） 易错点：不规则动词的过去式需要特殊记忆（如go→went，eat→ate，see→saw），不可直接加ed。 3. 一般将来时（Simple Future Tense） 定义：表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，或计划、打算做某事。 标志词：tomorrow（明天）、next week（下周）、in the future（在未来）、soon（很快）、this weekend（这个周末）、will（将要）、be going to（打算）。 基本结构： 主语 + will + 动词原形 + 其他（最常用，无人称变化） 主语 + be (am/is/are) going to + 动词原形 + 其他（强调计划、打算） 例句： I will visit my grandparents tomorrow.（我明天要去看望祖父母） She is going to learn English next term.（她下学期打算学英语） It will rain this afternoon.（今天下午会下雨） 易错点：will后必须接动词原形，不可加s/es；be going to中，be动词要根据主语人称变化（am/is/are）。 4. 现在进行时（Present Continuous Tense） 定义：表示此时此刻正在发生的动作，或现阶段正在进行的动作（不一定此时此刻）。 标志词：now（现在）、at the moment（此刻）、look（看）、listen（听）、these days（这些天）。 基本结构：主语 + be (am/is/are) + 动词-ing（现在分词） + 其他 例句： Look! They are playing football on the playground.（看！他们正在操场上踢足球——此时此刻） I am reading a book these days.（这些天我正在读一本书——现阶段） She is cooking dinner now.（她现在正在做晚饭） 易错点：动词-ing的变化规则（如write→writing，run→running，stop→stopping），不可漏写ing；be动词要与人称匹配。 5. 过去进行时（Past Continuous Tense） 定义：表示过去某个具体时间正在发生的动作，或过去某段时间内持续进行的动作。 标志词：at 8 o’clock last night（昨晚8点）、this time yesterday（昨天这个时候）、when/while（当……的时候，引导过去的时间）。 基本结构：主语 + be (was/were) + 动词-ing + 其他 例句： I was watching TV at 8 o’clock last night.（昨晚8点我正在看电视） They were playing games when I arrived.（我到达的时候，他们正在玩游戏） She was studying all night yesterday.（昨天她一整晚都在学习） 易错点：be动词用was（主语单数/不可数）或were（主语复数/you），不可混淆；常与一般过去时连用（when引导的从句用一般过去时，主句用过去进行时）。 6. 现在完成时（Present Perfect Tense） 定义：表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去开始持续到现在的动作/状态。 标志词：already（已经，用于肯定句）、yet（还，用于否定句/疑问句）、ever（曾经）、never（从未）、just（刚刚）、for + 一段时间（如for 3 years）、since + 过去时间点（如since 2020）。 基本结构：主语 + have/has + 动词过去分词 + 其他 例句： I have finished my homework.（我已经完成了作业——过去动作对现在的影响：现在不用做了） She has lived here for 5 years.（她在这里住了5年——从过去持续到现在） Have you ever been to Beijing?（你曾经去过北京吗？） 易错点：不规则动词的过去分词需特殊记忆（如go→gone，eat→eaten，see→seen）；for+一段时间、since+过去时间点，不可与一般过去时连用。 二、形容词、副词的比较级和最高级 定义：用于比较两个人或事物的程度，比较级表示“更……”，最高级表示“最……”。 前提：形容词修饰名词（如a tall boy），副词修饰动词/形容词/其他副词（如run fast，very tall），两者变化规则基本一致（少数特殊情况）。 1. 变化规则（分3类） （1）规则变化 类型 变化方式 形容词例子 副词例子 单音节词（如tall, fast） 比较级+er；最高级+est tall→taller→tallest fast→faster→fastest 以e结尾的单音节词（如nice, late） 比较级+r；最高级+st nice→nicer→nicest late→later→latest 以“辅音字母+y”结尾（如happy, easy） 变y为i，+er；变y为i，+est happy→happier→happiest easily→more easily→most easily（例外：副词y结尾，多音节变化） 重读闭音节（辅+元+辅，如big, hot） 双写末尾辅音，+er；双写末尾辅音，+est big→bigger→biggest；hot→hotter→hottest sadly→more sadly→most sadly（例外：副词多为多音节变化） 多音节词（3个及以上音节，如beautiful, carefully） 比较级+more；最高级+most beautiful→more beautiful→most beautiful carefully→more carefully→most carefully （2）特殊变化（必须死记） 原级 比较级 最高级 备注（形容词/副词同形） good/well better best good是形容词，well是副词 bad/badly worse worst bad是形容词，badly是副词 many/much more most many修饰可数名词，much修饰不可数名词 little less least 修饰不可数名词，表“少” far farther/further farthest/furthest farther指距离远，further指程度深 2. 用法（核心句型） （1）比较级用法（两者比较） 基本句型：A + be + 比较级 + than + B（A比B更……） 例句：She is taller than her sister.（她比她妹妹高。） 进阶：A + 动词 + 比较级 + than + B 例句：He runs faster than me.（他比我跑得快。） 补充：much/a little + 比较级（……得多/一点） 例句：This book is much more interesting than that one.（这本书比那本有趣得多。） （2）最高级用法（三者及以上比较） 基本句型：A + be + the + 最高级 + 范围（in/of...）（A是……中最……的） 例句：She is the tallest in our class.（她是我们班最高的。） 进阶：A + 动词 + the + 最高级 + 范围 例句：He runs the fastest of all the students.（他是所有学生中跑得最快的。） 易错点：最高级前面必须加the，范围（in/of短语）不可省略。 3. 易错点总结 形容词修饰名词，副词修饰动词，不可混淆（如“跑得快”是run fast，不是run fast）。 多音节词（3个及以上）的比较级/最高级，必须加more/most，不可加er/est（如beautiful→more beautiful，不可说beautifuler）。 特殊变化（good→better→best等）需单独记忆，不可按规则变化。 最高级前面必须加the，比较级前面不加the（除非特指，如the taller of the two两个人中较高的那个）。 提●分●必●刷 一、单项选择 1．The students were excited because they ________ a drama performance the day before. A．give B．had given C．were giving D．will give 2．It ________ heavily, so we can’t go outside to play in the park now. A．rains B．is raining C．rained D．was raining 3．Sarah, as well as her classmates, _________ expecting the school trip to the historical museum. A．is B．are C．has D．have 4．All his passengers as well as the captain ________ alive when they were rescued from the sinking ship. A．was B．were C．is D．are 5．Last weekend, Peter ________ his finger by accident when he was cooking lunch. A．burns B．burnt C．was burning D．is burning 6．Listen! Who ________ Faye Wong’s The World Gave It to Me in the music room? A．sings B．will sing C．is singing D．sang 7．If you ________ harder than before, you ________ the final exam. A．study; pass B．will study; pass C．study; will pass D．will study; will pass 8．—Where are the students of Class Two now? —They ________ over something important in the classroom. A．are talking B．talked C．talk D．were talking 9．Sorry, I’m busy at the moment. I ________ my homework. A．am doing B．have done C．will do D．was doing 10．—Helen, I didn’t see you in the classroom at five yesterday afternoon. —Oh, I ________ singing for Youth Day on May 4th. A．will practice B．practice C．am practicing D．was practicing 11．It has been three years since he________ his hometown. A．leaves B．left C．has left D．will leave 12．In the last few years, the city ________ many old trees due to urban development. A．lost B．has lost C．loses D．is losing 13．—Don’t forget to ask him to write to me. — I won’t. As soon as he ________, I’ll ask him to write to you. A．will come B．came C．comes D．is coming 14．—Why are you in such a hurry, John? —There ________ a basketball match between Class One and our class in ten minutes. A．is going to be B．is going to have C．will have D．will hold 15．Please tell John to call me back as soon as he _______ back to the office. A．come B．comes C．will come D．came 16．I _______ great progress in my study since you taught me your good learning method. A．have made B．had made C．made D．would make 17．The two boys ______ along the lake when they heard a loud cry for help． A．walk B．were walking C．will walk D．have walked 18．Wait a moment! He _________ a meeting in the meeting room. A．will have B．has C．is having D．had 19．Steven came to China ten months ago and he _____ as an engineer since then． A．had worked B．is working C．worked D．has worked 20．The students ________ the Art Festival when I passed by their school. A．celebrate B．were celebrating C．will celebrate D．have celebrated 21．If you ___ a list of things that you have to do, you won’t forget to do them. A．make B．will make C．made D．are making 22．I _______ the book for two weeks. I must return it to the school library. A．borrow B．have borrowed C．kept D．have kept 23．They ________ France for five years. He has been used to the life there. A．have been in B．have been to C．have gone to D．have come in 24．— You have been in Neijiang for a long time? — Yeah, ________ my parents came here, ________ about ten years. A．when; for B．for; since C．when; in D．since; for 25．The plane ________ some mild turbulence currently. We need to have our seat belts fastened. A．experiences B．experienced C．has experienced D．is experiencing 26．When we heard a big argument, my dad and I ___________ for the ferry. A．waited B．are waiting C．were waiting D．had waited 27．The Walt Disney Company ________ 6 theme parks since it opened its first one in 1955. A．opens B．opened C．has opened D．had opened 28．Let’s go to visit Shanghai Museum if you _______ free tomorrow. A．will be B．are C．were D．to be 29．It seems _________ that he looks so _________ before exams. A．puzzled; relaxed B．puzzling; relaxing C．puzzling; relaxed D．puzzled; relaxing 30．The guide looks very ________, so I think we can ask him for help. A．friendly B．carefully C．clearly D．politely 31．Aunt Amy felt extremely ________ after she failed the driving test again. A．frustratedly B．frustrating C．frustrated D．frustratingly 32．Deepseek always gives wonderful ideas to keep people ________. A．excite B．exciting C．excited D．excitement 33．This new air conditioner is a bit ________ than that one, but it can save electricity. A．expensive B．more expensive C．the most expensive D．cheap 34．The teacher always makes every word on the blackboard so ________ that students can see them ________. A．clear, easy B．clearly, easy C．clear, easily D．clearly, easily 35．We should plant more environmentally-friendly trees in order to make Shanghai ________ . A．more beautifully B．more beautiful C．much beautiful D．beautifully 36．He leads an ________ lifestyle with regular exercise outdoors. A．act B．active C．activity D．actively 37．My mother seemed ________with my spelling mistakes. She was a bit angry. A．happy B．happily C．unhappy D．unhappily 38．Trees need to breathe a certain amount of oxygen to keep themselves __________. A．live B．alive C．living D．life 39．Is this a photo of your daughter? She looks ________ in the pink dress. A．lovely B．quietly C．beautifully D．happily 40．Almost everyone agrees that driving a private car is _______ than taking the underground. A．much expensive B．much more expensive C．expensive D．far expensive 41．In the nature, male birds are usually ______ than female ones. A．colourful B．much colourful C．much more colourful D．most colourful 42．The comic strips should be full of action to keep the readers ______． A．interests B．interesting C．interested D．interest 43．The advantage of the new App is to make our payment ______ than before. A．convenient B．conveniently C．more convenient D．more conveniently 44．A recent study shows that gardening is _________ activity among people over 50s. A．popular B．more popular C．the most popular D．most popular 45．Don’t speak to him like that. He’s only an _______ boy. A．8 years old B．8-year old C．8-year-old D．8-years old 46．—How are these children? —Of all these children, Jim has ________ life and he lives ________. A．the most happy; most happily B．the happiest; most happily C．the happiest; happiest D．happier; happiest 47．These days everyone seems ________ than a bee. A．busy B．busier C．busily D．more busily 48．Christine wears a red dress today. She looks as ________ as a Barbie doll. A．beautifully B．likely C．lovely D．softly 49．________ you do your homework, ________ mistakes you will make. A．The more careful; the less B．The more carefully; the fewer C．The more careful; the fewer D．The more carefully; the less 50．The wind is blowing much ________ than before. You’d better go out now. A．strongly B．more strongly C．gently D．more gently 51．The old man sat up and looked ________ at the person who woke him up. A．lonely B．angrily C．lovely D．friendly 52．—Where would you like to go on vacation, Lily? —I’d like to go ________. A．anywhere cool B．cool somewhere C．somewhere cool D．nowhere cool 53．The new restaurant was not as ________ as we expected, though the waiters served ________. A．busy; politely B．busily; polite C．busy; polite D．busily; politely 54．Jack was running _______ toward me, telling me he had passed the interview! A．excite B．excited C．exciting D．excitedly 55．Even the president joined us that evening and we should say he danced ______ . A．nice B．beautiful C．well D．wonderful 56．I don’t think Tim speaks English ________ his sister. A．as fluent as B．so fluent as C．more fluently as D．as fluently as 57．Who chose ________ of all, Jack, Ann or Lily? A．careful B．carefully C．the most careful D．most carefully 58．Though he was having a bad cold, he studied as ________ as other students. A．hardly B．more hardly C．hard D．harder 59．—While reading, the more careful you are, the ________ you can find answers in the article. —That’s true. A．easier B．more easily C．easiest D．most easily 60．The music sounds ________. How ________ they are playing! A．well, well B．nice, nice C．nice, well D．well, nice 61．Little Sam ________ goes to school by bus. Sometimes, he rides a bicycle. A．never B．seldom C．hardly D．usually 62．The volunteer spoke as _______________ as she could to make the visitors understand her. A．clearly B．more clearly C．most clearly D．the most clearly 63．—_____ bird does he like _______, a crane, a seagull or a sparrow? —A seagull. A．Which; best B．What; well C．How; better D．Which; better 64．We all know that light travels ________ than sound. A．slower B．slowly C．fast D．faster 65．—I think his hard work will pay off. —Of course. ________ he works, ________ he will be. A．Hardly; luckily B．The hard; the lucky C．The hardest; the luckiest D．The harder; the luckier 66．Chinese high-speed trains travel ________ of all the trains in the world so far. A．fast B．faster C．much faster D．the fastest 67．—Why didn’t Mr. Wu choose Jack to do the class project? —Because he always does things ________ in his class. A．carefully B．less carefully C．the most carefully D．the least carefully 二、完成句子 68．Jack sells clothes the most cheaply of all. (保持句意基本不变) Jack sells clothes ________ ________ than the others. 69．Shanghai Library East is so comfortable that we all like to spend the weekend reading books or enjoying some exhibits there. (保持句意基本不变) Shanghai Library East is comfortable ________ ________ ________ all to spend the weekend reading books or enjoying some exhibits there. 70．by himself, enough, work out, he, to, clever, isn’t, the truth (.) (连词成句) _______________________________________________________________. 71．led, just now, personally, the guests, the manager, to, their rooms (连词成句) __________________________________________________________. 72．I am not able to finish this article within three days. (保持句意不变) ________ is ________ for me to finish this article within three days. 73．China is among the most scenic countries in the world.（保持句意基本不变） China is ______ the most scenic countries in the world. 74．it, one of, in the world, the most popular, tourist destinations, is (连词成句) _______________________________________________________________. 75．be responsible for, should, they, haven’t agreed on, who, this project _______________________________________________________________. 76．Most of them were so young that they had almost no experience.(保持句意基本一致) Most of them were so young that they had ________ experience. 77．wisely, manage money, it is, to learn, important, how to, (连词成句) ______________________________________________________. 78．Transport used to be very slow and difficult in the past. (改为一般疑问句) ________ transport ________ to be very slow and difficult in the past? 79．My mother will set off for Beijing tomorrow. (对划线部分提问) __________________________________________ set off for Beijing? 80．The plants released oxygen when they were put in the sunlight in the experiment. (改为一般疑问句) ________ the plants ________ oxygen when they were put in the sunlight in the experiment? 81．Peter’s thinking about ways to fight pollution. (改为一般疑问句) ________ Peter ________ about ways to fight pollution? 82．The Shenzhou XIX mission astronauts returned to the Earth safely on 30 April.（划线部分提问） ________ ________ the Shenzhou XIX mission astronauts return to the Earth safely? 83．She always discusses where to go with her friends before travelling. （改为一般疑问句） ________ she always ________ where to go with her friends before travelling? 84．The nurse led the old man to the waiting room personally.（改为否定句） The nurse ______ ______ the old man to the waiting room personally. 85．Emily’s never seen her grandparents since she was born.（改为反意疑问句） Emily’s never seen her grandparents since she was born, ________ ________? 86．The government has made laws to reduce or control noise.（改为一般疑问句） ________ the government ________ laws to reduce or control noise? 87．The students on duty have swept the floor already.  (改为否定句) The students on duty ________ ________ the floor yet. 88．has / transport / over / years / developed / past / the / quickly / many __________________________________________________________ 89．fighters, our,  are, best, pollution, destroying,  we, against（连词成句） _______________________________________________________________. 90．Mrs. Wang hardly said a word during the meeting.（改为反意疑问句） Mrs. Wang hardly said a word during the meeting, ________ ________? 1 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $