专题01 必修第二册Units 1～5教材核心知识串讲（期中复习课件）高一英语下学期人教版

期中复习考点串讲 Units 1~5 人教版·英语·必修第二册 01 考情透视·目标导航 目 录 语法串讲·融会贯通 知识梳理·夯实基础 考场练兵·实战训练 02 03 04 （单词、短语、句型积累） 课标要求 考情分析 第一部分 考情透视·目标导航 考情透视·目标导航 课标要求 阅读中分析语篇结构与逻辑衔接；运用现在分词、被动语态、定语从句等准确表达观点，流畅完成介绍、议论文及书信写作。 理解文化遗产保护的价值，关注濒危物种与生态平衡，辩证看待互联网对生活的影响。 培养分析因果、评估利弊的批判性思维，如遗产保护与发展的矛盾、科技的双刃剑效应。能梳理历史事件脉络，比较不同文化中的音乐功能，在多元信息中提炼观点，做出合理价值判断。 01 语言能力 02 文化意识 03 思维品质 04 学习能力 运用思维导图整合各单元话题词汇与语法（定语从句、被动语态），借助网络资源拓展主题阅读。 考情透视·目标导航 考情分析 考情分析 语法与词汇 重点考查定语从句（关系代词与副词、介词+which/whom）及被动语态（含进行时与完成时）。词汇聚焦文化遗产、野生动物保护、网络生活、传统建筑及音乐等主题的派生词与短语，在语篇填空和完形中考查语境运用与词形变化。 阅读理解 选材围绕遗产保护、生态平衡、科技影响、历史名胜及音乐文化展开。设题侧重主旨大意、推理判断及作者态度，语篇中大量出现定语从句和被动结构，考查长难句拆解能力与跨文化信息提取能力。 写作与表达 可能考查倡议书、观点议论文或介绍类短文。高分关键在于准确运用定语从句整合信息，使用被动语态体现客观性，结合单元话题词汇使内容充实、逻辑清晰，避免句式单一与语法错误。 单词、短语、句型 第二部分 知识梳理·夯实基础 知识梳理·夯实基础 Unit 1 一、重点单词 阅读词汇会认 1. ______________ 2. ______________ 3. ______________ 4. ______________ 5. ______________ 6. ______________ 7. ______________ 8. ______________ n.遗产；传统 v.保护；保存 v.促进；推广 n.遗迹；文物 n.建筑师 v.修复；恢复 adj.历史上著名的 adj.古代的古老的 heritage preserve promote relic architect restore historic ancient 重点词汇会写 n.文明；文明社会 n.委员会 n.贡献；捐献 n./v.资金 n.提议；建议 v./n.损害；损坏 adj.象征的；象征性的 civilization committee contribution fund proposal damage symbolic 1. ______________ 2. ______________ 3. ______________ 4. ______________ 5. ______________ 6. ______________ 7. ______________ 词形变化 词形变化 1._____________ adv.创造性地；有创造力地→___________ adj.创造性的；有创造力的；有创意的→_________ vt.创造→___________ n．创造性；创造力→__________ n．作品；创造 2．__________ vt.促进；提升；推销；晋级→____________ n．提升；推销；晋级→___________n.发起者；倡导者；支持者 3．______________ n．申请(表)；用途；运用；应用(程序) →________ vt.& vi.申请；应用→____________ n．申请人→______ n．应用程序；应用软件(application的缩略形式) creatively creative create creativity creation promote promotion promoter application apply applicant app 词形变化 词形变化 4．__________ n．平衡；均匀 vt.使平衡→___________ adj.平衡的；均衡的 5.___________ n．提议；建议→__________ vt.提议；建议 6．____________ vt.建立；创立→________________ n．建立；创立 7．________ n．限度；限制 vt.限制；限定→__________ adj.有限的；受限制的→____________ adj.无限的；无尽的 8．__________ vt.阻止；阻碍；阻挠→_____________ n．防止；预防→_____________ adj.预防性的；防备的 balance balanced proposal propose establish establishment limit limited limitless prevent prevention preventive 词形变化 词形变化 9．_______ n．丧失；损失→_______ vt.丢失→_______ adj.迷路的；失去的 10．_______________ n．捐款；贡献；捐赠→_____________ vi.& vt.捐献；捐助 11．______________ vi.& vt.调查；研究→________________ n．调查；研究 12．_________ vt.(尤指向慈善机构)捐赠；赠送；献(血) →___________ n．捐赠；赠送→________ n．捐赠者；捐赠人 loss lose lost contribution contribute investigate investigation donate donation donor 词形变化 词形变化 13．____________ vi.消失；灭绝；消亡→________________ n．消失；灭绝→(反义词)_________ vi.出现→_____________ n．出现；外表 14．_______________ adj.专业的；职业的 n．专业人员；职业选手→_____________ n．专业；职业→____________ n．教授 15．__________ vt.& vi.(forgave, forgiven)原谅；宽恕 vt.对不起；请原谅→______________ n．原谅；宽恕 16．____________ n．传统；传统的信仰或风俗→_____________ adj.传统的 disappear disappearance appear appearance professional profession professor forgive forgiveness tradition traditional 词形变化 词形变化 17．___________ adj.历史上著名(或重要)的；历史时期的→__________ n．历史→____________ n．历史学家→_____________ adj.(有关)历史的；历史上的 18．_____________ n．比较；相比→__________ vt.& vi.与……相比较 19．___________ vt.确认；认出；找到→___________ n．身份→_________________ n．识别；身份证明(文件) historic history historian historical comparison compare identify identity identification 二、重点短语 知识梳理·夯实基础 Unit 1 1. __________________ 2. _________________ 3. __________________ 4. _________________ 5. _________________ 6. ___________________ 7. ________________ 8. _________________ 采取措施做某事 处于危险中 使…… 恢复生机 文化遗产 历史遗迹 为…… 做贡献 筹集资金 实施；执行 take measures to do in danger bring...back to life cultural heritage historic site make a contribution to raise funds carry out 二、重点短语 知识梳理·夯实基础 Unit 1 面对 阻止…… 做某事 具有重要价值 传承；传递 提及；参考 在…… 方面 代表 旨在；目的是 in the face of prevent...from be of great value pass down refer to in terms of on behalf of aim to do 9. ______________ 10. ______________ 11. ______________ 12. ________________ 13. ________________ 14. ______________ 15. ______________ 16._______________ 知识梳理·夯实基础 三、写作句式积累 Unit 1 1.It is to protect cultural heritage, as it is a symbol of a nation’s history and civilization.（保护文化遗产至关重要，因为它是一个国家历史和文明的象征。） 2.Measures prevent historic sites from being damaged by human activities.（应该采取措施防止历史遗迹被人类活动破坏。） 3. the efforts of the government and volunteers, many cultural relics have been successfully restored.（多亏了政府和志愿者的努力，许多文物已成功修复。） 4.As the saying goes, “ ,” so we should spare no effort to preserve it for future generations.（俗话说 “文化遗产是一个民族的灵魂”，因此我们应不遗余力地为后代保护它。） of great importance should be taken to Thanks to Cultural heritage is the soul of a nation 知识梳理·夯实基础 Unit 2 一、重点单词 阅读词汇会认 1. ______________ 2. ______________ 3. ______________ 4. ______________ 5. ______________ 6. ______________ 7. ______________ 8. ______________ n.野生动物 v.使濒危；危及 adj.灭绝的 v.保护；维护 n.栖息地 n.威胁；恐吓 n.物种；种类 n.保护；保存 wildlife endanger extinct preserve habitat threat species conservation 重点词汇会写 v.打猎；狩猎 adj.非法的；违法 v./n.禁止；禁令 v.适应；适合 v.幸存；存活 n.和谐；融洽 n.恢复；康复 hunt illegal ban adapt survive harmony recovery 9. ______________ 10. ______________ 11. ______________ 12. ______________ 13. ______________ 14. ______________ 15. ______________ 词形变化 词形变化 1．__________ adj.不合法的；非法的→____________ adv.不合法地；非法地→________ adj.合法的 2．_______ vt.& vi.打猎；搜寻；追捕→_________ n．猎人；搜寻者→__________ n．打猎；狩猎 3．___________ adj.惊人的；使人惊恐的→________ vt.使惊恐；使害怕；使担心 n．恐慌；警报；警报器→__________ adj.惊恐的；受惊的 4．_______ n．速度；(比)率 vt.划分等级→_________ n．等级；级别 illegal illegally legal hunt hunter hunting alarming alarm alarmed rate rating 词形变化 词形变化 5．__________ adj.已灭绝的→_____________ n．灭绝 6．________ adj.知道；发觉；有……意识的→____________ n．意识→__________ adj.未发觉的；不知道的 7．___________ vt.使遭受危险；危害→_____________ adj.濒危的→_________ n．危险→____________ adj.危险的 8．________ vt.涉及；让……担忧 n．担心，忧虑→___________ adj.担心的；关切的→_____________ prep.关于；涉及 9．________ vi.适应 vt.使适应；使适合→_____________ n．适应；改编本→____________ adj.适应性强的；能适应的 extinct extinction aware awareness unaware endanger endangered danger dangerous concern concerned concerning adapt adaptation adaptable 词形变化 词形变化 10．__________ vt.观察(到)；注视；遵守→______________ n．观察 11．_________ n．美；美人；美好的东西→____________ adj.美丽的；美好的→___________vt.美化 12．________ vt.提醒；使想起→__________ n．提醒者；提醒物 13．____________ adj.有效的；生效的→_________ n．效果；影响→_________ vt.影响；(疾病)侵袭 14．__________ vi.恢复；康复 vt.找回；寻回→___________ n．恢复 observe observation beauty beautiful beautify remind reminder effective effect affect recover recovery 词形变化 词形变化 15．_________ vt.去除；移开；脱去→__________ n．移走；消除 16．_________ vi.& vt.打算；计划；想要→____________ n．用意；目的；意图 17．_________ n．威胁→___________ vt.威胁；危及 18．________ vi.存在；生存→____________ n．存在；生存 →___________ adj.现存的；现有的 19．__________ n．和谐；融洽→_____________ adj.和谐的 20．_________ vt.减少→____________ n．缩减；减少 21．__________ n．感情；情感；情绪→____________ adj.情感的；情绪的 remove removal intend intention threat threaten exist existence existing harmony harmonious reduce reduction emotion emotional 二、重点短语 知识梳理·夯实基础 Unit 2 1. ______________ 2. ______________ 3. ______________ 4. ______________ 5. ______________ 6. ______________ 7. ______________ 8. ______________ 灭绝；逐渐消失 保护… 免受…… 处于… 的危险中 采取行动 非法狩猎 栖息地丧失 保护区 禁止某人做某事 die out protect...from in danger of take action illegal hunting habitat loss conservation area ban sb. from doing 二、重点短语 知识梳理·夯实基础 Unit 2 9. _____________________ 10. ____________________ 11. ____________________ 12. ____________________ 13. ____________________ 14. _____________________ 15. _____________________ 16. _____________________ 适应 与…… 和谐共处 作为对…… 的回应 努力做某事 多亏；由于 处于灭绝的边缘 导致；促成 号召某人做某事 adapt to live in harmony with in response to make efforts to do thanks to on the verge of extinction contribute to call on sb. to do 知识梳理·夯实基础 三、写作句式积累 Unit 2 1.Many wildlife species are due to illegal hunting and habitat loss.（由于非法狩猎和栖息地丧失，许多野生动物物种正处于灭绝的边缘。） 2.It is everyone’s responsibility to protect wildlife, as they maintaining ecological balance.保护野生动物是每个人的责任，因为它们在维持生态平衡中扮演着重要角色。 3.Measures such as have been taken to protect endangered animals.（已经采取了建立保护区和禁止非法狩猎等措施来保护濒危动物。） 4.Only when humans live nature can wildlife be effectively protected and the earth become more beautiful.（只有当人类与自然和谐共处，野生动物才能得到有效保护，地球才能变得更美丽。） on the verge of extinction play an important role in setting up conservation areas and banning illegal hunting in harmony with 知识梳理·夯实基础 Unit 3 一、重点单词 阅读词汇会认 1.blog n.博客 vi.写博客 2.engine n.引擎;发动机;火车头 3.identity n.身份;个性 4.surf vt.&vi.浏览;冲浪 5.theft n.偷（窃）; 盗窃罪 6.author n.作者;作家 7.database n.数据库;资料库 重点词汇会写 1.guideline n.准则;指导原则 2.province n.省 3.button n.按钮;纽扣 4.software n.软件 5.click v.点击 6.file n.文件;文件夹;档案 7.stream vt.流播；流出 vi.流动 n.小河；溪流 8.stuck adj.卡住；陷（入）；困（于） 词形变化 1.benefit vt.使受益 vi.得益于 n.益处→beneficial adj.有益的 2.access vt.进入;使用;获取 n.通道;（使用、查阅、接近或面见的） 机会→ accessible adj.可进入的;能使用的 3.convenient adj.方便的;近便的→convenience n.方便;便利 →【反】inconvenient adj.不方便的;造成困难的;引起麻烦的 4.distance n.距离→distant adj.遥远的;远处的 5.inspire vt.鼓舞;激励;启发思考→ inspiration n.灵感 →inspiring adj.鼓舞人心的→inspired adj.有灵感的;受到鼓舞的 二、重点短语 知识梳理·夯实基础 Unit 3 1.keep sb company 陪伴某人 2.be beneficial to/be of benefit to 对……有好处 3.make fun of 取笑;戏弄 4.go through 经历;经受;通读 5.keep in touch with 与……保持联系 6.keep track of 掌握……的最新消息;了解……的动态 7.keep/bear（...）in mind 记住;牢记 知识梳理·夯实基础 三、写作句式积累 Unit 3 1. She was inspired by the people she met online she decided to start an IT club to teach older people how to use computers and the Internet. 她受到网友的极大启发，以至于决定成立一个信息技术俱乐部，教老年人如何使用电脑和互联网。 so that 知识梳理·夯实基础 Unit 4 一、重点单词 阅读词汇会认 1.conquer vt.占领;征服;控制 2.philosophy n.哲学 3.military adj.军事的;军用的 4.gallery n.（艺术作品的）展览馆; 画廊 5.chief adj.最重要的;最高级别的 n.（公司或机构的）首领;酋长 6.ancestor n.祖宗 重点词汇会写 1.port n.港口（城市） 2.landscape n.（陆上,尤指乡村的）风景 3.roll vi.&vt.（使）翻滚;（使）滚动 n.卷（轴）;翻滚 4.battle n.战役;搏斗 vi.&vt.搏斗;奋斗 5.currency n.通货；货币 6.transition n.过渡；转变；变迁 1.belong vi.应在（某处）;适应 → belonging n.［U］归属感;［pl.］所有物;财物 2.defence n.防御;保卫→ defend vt.防御;保卫 → defensive adj.防御的；保护的 3.surround vt.围绕;包围→surrounding adj.周围的;附近的 → surroundings n.环境 4.evidence n.证据;证明→evident adj.明显的;清楚的;显而易见的 词形变化 二、重点短语 知识梳理·夯实基础 Unit 4 1.join... to... 把……和……连接或联结起来 2.break away （from sb/sth） 脱离;背叛;逃脱 3.belong to 属于 4.keep your eyes open （for） 留心;留意 5.result in 导致 6.take over 接管;接收 7.have a great influence on 对……有很大影响 知识梳理·夯实基础 三、写作句式积累 Unit 4 1. So what is the difference between them, ? 那么,如果这些名称有区别的话,区别何在? 2. They had castles all around England,and made changes to the legal system. 他们在英格兰四处修建城堡,并改革了法律制度。 if any built 知识梳理·夯实基础 Unit 5 一、重点单词 阅读词汇会认 1.classical adj.古典的;经典的 2.romantic adj.浪漫的 n.浪漫的人 3.phenomenon pl.phenomena） n.现象 4.altogether adv.（用以强调）全部;总共 5.outline n.&vt.概述;概要 6.virtual adj.很接近的;事实上的;虚拟的 重点词汇会写 1.somehow adv.以某种方式（或方法）;不知怎么地 2.previous adj.先前的;以往的 3.stage n.（发展或进展的）时期;阶段;（多指剧场中的）舞台 4.studio n.演播室;（音乐的）录音棚;工作室 5.ache vi.＆n.疼痛 6.being n.身心;存在;生物 1.energy n.能源;能量;精力→ energetic adj.精力充沛的 2.composition n.成分;（音乐、艺术、诗歌的）作品→ compose v.作 曲;撰写（信函、讲稿、诗歌等）→ composer n.作曲者;作曲家 3.perform vi.&vt.表演;履行;执行→ performance n.表演;演出;表现 → performer n.表演者;演员 4.enable vt.使能够;使可能→ able adj.有才能的;有能力的 → ability n.才能;能力→【反】disable vt.使丧失能力;使残疾 → disability n.残疾;缺陷 词形变化 二、重点短语 知识梳理·夯实基础 Unit 5 1.fall in love with 爱上 2.join in 参加;加入（活动） 3.in addition（to） 除……之外（还） 4.have an impact on 对……有影响 5.add... to... 把……增加到…… 6.try out 参加……选拔（或试演） 7.from （then） on 从（那）时起 知识梳理·夯实基础 三、写作句式积累 Unit 5 1. The virtual choir was the idea of composer and conductor Eric Whitacre. 虚拟合唱团是获奖作曲家兼指挥埃里克·惠塔克的创意。 2. A virtual choir them to add their voices to those of other individuals and become part of the global community. 虚拟合唱团让他们能够与其他人一起欢歌,成为全球社区的一部分。 award-winning enables 语法串讲 即时检测 第三部分 语法串讲·融会贯通 语法串讲·融会贯通 定语从句 一、关系代词的用法 常见的关系代词有that、which、who、whom、whose、as,在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语。 1.that,指人或物,在从句中作主语、宾语或表语,作宾语时,常可以省略。 The river that lies west of our village is clearer than ever before. (that指物,在从句中作主语,不能省略) 位于我们村庄西边的那条河比以往任何时候都清澈。 2.which,指物,在从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语时常可以省略。 The river which runs through the centre of the city has been cleaned. (which 指物,在从句中作主语,不能省略) 穿过市中心的那条河已经清理过了。 语法串讲·融会贯通 注意： (1)关系代词只能用that而不能用which的情况如下所示。 ①当先行词为all、everything、nothing、anything、much、little、few等不定代词时。 I do think you don’t have to take down everything (that) your teachers say in class. 我确实认为你不必把老师们在课堂上说的每句话都记下来。 ②当先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时。 The first English novel that I read was The Old Man and the Sea. 我读的第一本英文小说是《老人与海》。 语法串讲·融会贯通 ③当先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。 This is the most inspiring movie that I have ever seen. 这是我看过的最鼓舞人心的电影。 ④当先行词被 very、both、only、all、every、no、any、little、much、some等修饰时。 He is the only student that was admitted to Peking University in my class. 他是我们班唯一被北京大学录取的学生。 ⑤当先行词既有人又有物时。 They talked about the people and the things that they are interested in. 他们谈论起他们感兴趣的人和事。 语法串讲·融会贯通 (2)关系代词只能用which不能用that的情况如下所示。 ①当关系代词前有逗号,即引导非限制性定语从句时。 He paid a visit to some places of interest in Yunnan Province,which left a deep impression on him. 他参观了云南的一些名胜古迹,给他留下了深刻的印象。 ②当关系代词前有介词且先行词指物时。 This is the place at which a new highway will be built. 这是将修建一条新公路的地方。 语法串讲·融会贯通 即时检测 1. Do you have anything 　　　　 you don’t understand in your English class?  2. The first museum 　　　　 he visited in China was the History Museum.  3. She described in her diary the people and the places 　　　 impressed her most.  that that that 语法串讲·融会贯通 3.who,指人,在从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语时常可以省略。 Happiness and success often come to those who are good at recognising their own strengths.(who指人,在从句中作主语,不能省略) 幸福和成功经常属于那些善于认识自己长处的人。 4.whom,指人,在从句中只作宾语,常可省略,在口语中可用who或that代替。 Jane is the girl (whom) my teacher often mentions. (whom指人,在从句中作宾语,可以省略) 简就是我的老师经常提到的那个女孩。 语法串讲·融会贯通 5.whose,指人或物,在从句中作定语。 The school shop,whose customers are mainly students,is closed during the holiday.(whose指物,在从句中作定语) 这个学校商店的顾客主要是学生,它在假期不营业。 语法串讲·融会贯通 即时检测 1. He is a famous architect　　　　designs won an international award last year.  2. The book 　　　　 cover is pink is the one I bought for my daughter.  3. This is the scientist,the name of 　　　　is known all over the country.  4. The organizer planned to find 4 students 　　　　 could act as well as sing.  whose whose whom who/that 语法串讲·融会贯通 二、关系副词的用法 1.when　当先行词是表示时间的名词,定语从句中不缺主语或宾语时,常用关系副词when引导定语从句。 I’ll never forget the day when the People’s Republic of China was founded. 我永远忘不了中华人民共和国成立的日子。 I am looking forward to the day when my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her. 我一直期盼那一天,我的女儿能够读懂这本书并且知道我对她的情感。 语法串讲·融会贯通 2.where　当先行词是表示地点的名词,定语从句中不缺主语或宾语时,常用关系副词where引导定语从句。 We live in a society where exchanging presents is an important part of interpersonal communication. 在我们生活的社会里,互赠礼物是人际交往的重要组成部分。 Students should involve themselves in community activities where they can gain experience for growth. 学生应该参与社区活动,在这些活动中他们能获取成长的经验。 语法串讲·融会贯通 3.why　当先行词是表示原因的名词,定语从句中不缺主语或宾语时,常用关系副词why引导定语从句。 The reason why she didn’t come to the party was that she had to study for an exam. 她没有来参加聚会的原因是她必须为一场考试而学习。 语法串讲·融会贯通 即时检测 1. I don’t know the reason 　　　　 he looks unhappy today.  2. We have entered into an age　　　　 dreams have the best chance of coming true.  3. Have you got into a situation 　　　　whatever you do is wrong?  why when where 语法串讲·融会贯通 一、现在进行时的被动语态的构成 现在进行时的被动语态的构成为“主语+be (am,is,are)+being done”。 Some endangered animals are being protected now. 一些濒危动物现在受到了保护。 Preparations are being made for the activity in our school. 在我们学校,(人们)正在为这场活动做准备。 语法串讲·融会贯通 现在进行时的被动语态 二、现在进行时的被动语态的形式 1.肯定式的结构为“主语+be+being+及物动词的过去分词+其他”。 The plan is being discussed at the meeting now. 现在会议上正在讨论这个计划。 2.否定式的结构为“主语+be+not+being+及物动词的过去分词+其他”。 Do you know any other endangered wildlife in China that is not being protected? 你知道中国还有其他没有受到保护的濒危野生动物吗? 语法串讲·融会贯通 3.一般疑问式的结构为“Be+主语+being+及物动词的过去分词+其他?”。 Are the babies being taken care of by this nurse? 这些婴儿正由这个护士照看着吗? 4.特殊疑问式的结构为“特殊疑问词+be+being+及物动词的过去分词?”或 “特殊疑问词+be+主语+being+及物动词的过去分词+其他?”。 What are being done to save local wildlife? 为了拯救当地的野生动物,(人们)做了什么事呢? 语法串讲·融会贯通 三、现在进行时的被动语态的用法 1.表示说话时正在进行的被动动作。 He is being looked after by his elder sister. 他正由他姐姐照顾着。 2.表示现阶段正在进行的被动动作(说话时并不一定正在进行)。 Many interesting experiments are being carried out these days in our school. 这些天,我们学校正在进行着许多有趣的实验。 The road to my village is being repaired,so I have to stay here for another two days. 通往我们村的路正在被修整,所以我不得不在这里再待两天。 语法串讲·融会贯通 3.表示一种习惯性的被动行为,常和always、constantly、frequently、often等表示频率的副词连用,这种用法常常带有说话者的赞扬或厌恶的感情色彩。 He is always being praised by his teacher for his attitude to his study. 他因他的学习态度总是受到老师的表扬。 语法串讲·融会贯通 即时检测 1. 我们学校正在举办文化周活动以提高同学们对传统文化的意识。 A Culture Week activity is being held in our school in order to raise students’ awareness of traditional culture. 2. 地震过后,我的家乡正在被重建。 My hometown is being rebuilt after the earthquake. 语法串讲·融会贯通 即时检测 They are building a modern school in his hometown． ①A modern school __________________ in his hometown. (改为被动语态) ②A modern school ________________ in his hometown. (把句①改为否定句) ③_________________________ in his hometown？(把句①改为一般疑问句) ④_______________________________ (对句①就in his hometown进行提问) Where is a modern school being built？ Is a modern school being built isn’t being built is being built 语法串讲·融会贯通 四、运用现在进行时的被动语态时应该注意的问题 1.不可遗漏being。 现在进行时的被动语态表示说话时正在进行的一个被动动作,如果把being漏掉, 就会变成一般现在时的被动语态或系表结构。 Look!The children are being taken care of by their aunt. 瞧!那些孩子正由他们的姑妈照看着。 语法串讲·融会贯通 2.某些表示状态、心理活动、拥有、存在等的动词,如have、want、need、love等,一般没有现在进行时的被动语态,而常用一般现在时的被动语态。 Someone who is fluent in English is wanted by our club. 我们俱乐部需要英语流利的人。 3.“be+under/in/on等介词+名词”结构可表示现在进行时的被动语态的含义。 Some paintings of the famous painter are on display now. =Some paintings of the famous painter are being displayed now. 这位著名画家的几幅画正在展出。 语法串讲·融会贯通 一、定义 现在完成时的被动语态表示: 1.过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果,通常与already、yet、never、recently等副词及so far、by now、up to/till now、since等时间状语连用。 So far,the Internet has been used by countless users and it has become a useful tool. (强调过去的动作对现在的影响,强调现在的结果) 到目前为止,互联网已经被无数的用户使用,它已经成了一个有用的工具。 语法串讲·融会贯通 现在完成时的被动语态 2.表示一个被动的动作或状态从过去开始一直持续到现在,并可能继续持续下去。常与带for或since的时间状语连用,或用于“How long...?”句型中。 The machine has been repaired for two hours. 这台机器已经修理了两个小时了。 His son has been taught English since he was five years old. 他儿子从五岁起就开始学英语。 语法串讲·融会贯通 二、基本结构 现在完成时的被动语态的基本谓语结构为have/has+been done。 Tom has been selected to take part in the sports meeting. 汤姆已被选去参加运动会。 Tom and Jack have been selected to take part in the sports meeting. 汤姆和杰克已被选去参加运动会。 语法串讲·融会贯通 三、句式的变化 1.肯定句的结构是“主语+have/has+been done+其他成分.” (应用文写作之发言稿)In order to raise our awareness of environmental protection, various activities have been held in our school in the past few years. 为了增强我们的环保意识,在过去的几年里,我们学校举办了各种各样的活动。 语法串讲·融会贯通 2.否定句的结构是“主语+have/has+not+been done+其他成分.” The development of the software has not been finished. 这个软件的开发还没有完成。 3.一般疑问句的结构是“Have/Has+主语+been done+其他成分?” Has it been announced when the plane is to take off? 是否已经宣布飞机何时起飞? 4.特殊疑问句的结构是“特殊疑问词+have/has+主语+been done+其他成分?” How long has this film been shown? 这部电影已经放映多长时间了? 语法串讲·融会贯通 四、注意事项 1.带有双宾语的动词,如give、bring、show、tell、buy、lend等,变为被动语态时,一般将间接宾语变为被动语态的主语; 若将直接宾语变为被动语态的主语,间接宾语前通常需要用相应的介词。 The teacher has given Jobs three pieces of advice recently. →Jobs has been given three pieces of advice by the teacher recently.(Jobs是间接宾语) →Three pieces of advice have been given to Jobs by the teacher recently.(Three pieces of advice是直接宾语,所以间接宾语Jobs前添加了介词to) 最近,老师给了乔布斯三条建议。 语法串讲·融会贯通 2.短语动词是一个不可分割的整体,在被动语态中要保持其完整性,不可省略短语动词中的介词或副词。 (应用文写作之投稿征文)The traditional skill of making the paper by hand has been passed down for hundreds of years.(down不能省略) 手工制作纸张的传统技艺已经被传承数百年。 语法串讲·融会贯通 3.与一般过去时的被动语态的区别。 一般过去时的被动语态所表示的动作或状态与现在的情况没有联系,而现在完成时的被动语态则强调所表示的动作或状态与现在的情况有联系。 The park was opened to the public last year.(说明动作发生于过去) 去年这家公园向公众开放。 The park has been opened to the public.(说明动作发生于过去,但对现在有影响,即现在公园已经向公众开放) 这家公园已经向公众开放。 语法串讲·融会贯通 即时检测 1.(2024·新高考全国Ⅰ卷) He 　　　　 　　　(vote) National Sports Writer of the Year 11 times. So now let’s welcome the funny man with serious talent,Jacob Johnson.  has been voted 语法串讲·融会贯通 2. (2024·新高考全国Ⅰ卷) I　　　　 　　　 (motivate) — and demotivated — by other folks’ achievements all my life.  have been motivated 3.(2023·全国甲卷改编)Though DIY 　　　　　 　　　 (see) as a male hobby traditionally,the research shows it is women now leading the charge.  has been seen 一、过去分词作定语 1.过去分词作定语时,相当于形容词,其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的名词。分词所表示的动作与其所修饰的名词构成动宾关系。此时的过去分词(短语)可以变成定语从句。 The bridge built ten years ago needs repairing.(名词the bridge和build构成被动关系) =The bridge which was built ten years ago needs repairing.(变为定语从句) 这座10年前建的桥需要修了。 语法串讲·融会贯通 过去分词作定语+宾补+表语+状语 即时检测 1. There are many beautifully 　　　 　(decorate)houses in this area.  2. The　　　　 (rise) sun is shining brightly in the morning.  3. This is the problem 　　 　　 (discuss) at the meeting yesterday.  decorated risen discussed 语法串讲·融会贯通 4.The man 　　 　　(praise) at present at the meeting is our headteacher.  5. I am glad to hear that you are interested in the activity 　　 　　(hold) in our school next month.  6. The flowers 　　 　　 (plant) last year are very beautiful.  being praised to be held planted 2.单个的过去分词作定语时,常常置于其所修饰的名词前;而过去分词短语作定语时,常常置于其所修饰的名词后,可改成定语从句。 Many used cars are on sale now,and you can go to find a good one. (used是单个过去分词作定语,修饰cars,放在前面) 现在很多二手车正在甩卖,你可以去找一辆好的。 I like the book bought on the Internet very much.(bought on the Internet是过去分词短语作定语,放在名词book的后面) 我非常喜欢从网上买的那本书。 语法串讲·融会贯通 3.过去分词作定语和现在分词作定语的区别。 分词种类 语态方面 时态方面 doing(现在分词) 动作是主动的 动作正在进行 done(过去分词) 动作是被动的 动作已经完成 语法串讲·融会贯通 4.过去分词、现在分词的被动语态与动词不定式的被动语态作定语的区别。 词语 语态 时态 done 被动 完成 being done 被动 进行 to be done 被动 将要发生 语法串讲·融会贯通 二、过去分词作宾语补足语 过去分词作宾语补足语时,表示被动意义或完成意义,有时两者兼而有之。与宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系,即宾语是过去分词动作的承受者。 1.表示感觉和心理状态的动词(短语),如feel、hear、listen to、see、watch、observe、look at、notice、find等后可接过去分词作宾语补足语。 语法串讲·融会贯通 3.with复合结构中可以使用过去分词作宾语补足语。此时过去分词与句子的主语没有逻辑关系,此结构在句中通常作时间、方式、条件、原因和伴随状语。 With all the work done,I feel very relaxed now. (do和宾语work构成被动 关系) 所有的工作都做完了,我现在感到很放松。 2.表示“致使”意义的动词,如have、make、get、keep、leave等后可接过去分词作宾语补足语。 He made every effort to get his works recognised. 他尽一切努力使得自己的作品得到了认可。 语法串讲·融会贯通 三 、过去分词作表语 过去分词在句子中作表语时,表示主语所处的状态或感受,常用于系动词be后,还可以用于其他系动词如get、become、grow、remain、sound、turn等后面。 His car was stuck in the mud and couldn’t move on. 他的车陷在泥里不能继续前进了。(表示主语的状态) (读后续写之心理描写)So moved by the boy was the old man that words failed to convey his emotions. 老人被这个男孩所感动,无法用语言表达他的感情。(表示主语的感受) 语法串讲·融会贯通 注意： ①过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别。 过去分词作表语通常表示主语所处的状态或感受,而被动语态则表示主语是动作的承受者,强调动作。 The window is broken. 窗户是坏的。(过去分词作表语,表示状态) The window was broken by my brother. 窗户是被我弟弟打破的。(被动语态,表示主语是动作的承受者) 语法串讲·融会贯通 ②过去分词与现在分词作表语的区别。 过去分词作表语,一般是人作主语,表示人的感受,意为“感到……的”;而现在分词作表语,一般是事或物作主语,通常表示某事/某物是“令人……的”。 They became so worried that they stayed awake all night. 他们非常担心,以至于一整晚都没有睡觉。 The situation became so worrying that measures should be taken at once. 形势变得如此令人担忧,必须马上采取措施。 语法串讲·融会贯通 即时检测 1. After watching the live performance of the choir,he was too (excite) to sleep.  2. So 　　　 　(shock) were Kim’s parents that they jumped up from the sofa and rushed over to Kim.  3. This movie is very 　　 　　 and everyone was 　　 　　 in it and burst out laughing at times.(interest)  excited shocked interesting interested 语法串讲·融会贯通 四、过去分词作状语 过去分词在句子中作状语时,修饰谓语动词,进一步说明谓语动作发生时的背景或状况,表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式、伴随、结果等,其逻辑主语通常为句子的主语,且与句子的主语构成逻辑上的被动关系。 表示时间、原因、条件、让步状语时,可转换为相应的状语从句;表示方式、伴随和结果时,可转化为并列分句。 语法串讲·融会贯通 1.过去分词作时间状语。 Told that his mother was ill,Li Lei hurried home quickly. (相当于When he was told that his mother was ill,Li Lei hurried home quickly.) 当得知母亲生病时,李雷马上赶回了家。 2.过去分词作原因状语。 (读后续写之心理描写)So thrilled was she that she couldn’t say a word. (相当于Because she was thrilled,she couldn’t say a word.) 她太激动以至于一句话也说不出来。 语法串讲·融会贯通 3.过去分词作条件状语。 Given enough time and proper guidance,the boy is sure to make achievements in music. (相当于If he is given enough time and proper guidance,the boy is sure to make achievements in music.) 如果给予足够的时间和适当的指导,这个男孩在音乐方面一定会有所成就。 语法串讲·融会贯通 4.过去分词作让步状语。 Stared at by many classmates,the students were still confident and began their performance. (相当于Although the students were stared at by many classmates,they were still confident and began their performance.) 尽管被许多同学注视着,学生们仍然很有信心,并开始了他们的表演。 语法串讲·融会贯通 5.过去分词作方式状语。 The old man walked in the park,supported by his wife. (相当于The old man walked in the park,and he was supported by his wife.) 老人在公园里散步,他的妻子扶着他。 6.过去分词作伴随状语。 The girl sat there,lost in thought. (相当于The girl sat there and she was lost in thought). 女孩坐在那里,陷入深思。 语法串讲·融会贯通 7.过去分词作结果状语。 The cup fell down to the ground,broken. (相当于The cup fell down to the ground and it was broken.) 杯子掉到地上,碎了。 语法串讲·融会贯通 即时检测 1. Clearly and thoughtfully 　　　　(write),the book inspires confidence in students who wish to seek their own answers.  2. Generally speaking,when 　　　　(take) according to the directions,the medicine has no side effect.  3. 　　　　(see) from the hill,you will find our school looks more beautiful.  4. 　　　　(see) from the hill,our school looks more beautiful.  written taken Seeing Seen 语法串讲·融会贯通 语法串讲 即时检测 第四部分 考场练兵·实战训练 考场练兵·实战训练 一、单词填空 1.（2024·新课标Ⅰ卷）The latest engineering techniques are applied to create this protective __________（function） structure that is also beautiful. functional 2.（2024·新课标Ⅰ卷）It should give you a precise __________(define) of each word, thus differentiating it from other words whose meanings are similar, but not identical. definition 3.（2024·新课标Ⅱ卷）He chatted _____ Susan for 30 minutes before keeping his appointment with the manager. with 考场练兵·实战训练 4.（2024·北京卷）Proficiency （熟练） levels _____________（confirm） through coursework or placement tests. 5.（2023·全国乙卷）What comes _____ your mind when you think of British food? 6.（2022·北京卷）We may not have any disease but still have a weak body, which is ready to ___________（target） by viruses. are confirmed into be targeted 考场练兵·实战训练 二、单句语法填空 1.The historic building ___ ___ (restore) now is a key cultural heritage site in our city. 2.This is the first time that a special law ___ ___ (make) to protect cultural relics. 3.The scientist _____ _ we met yesterday has devoted his life to wildlife conservation. 4.Many species ______ (face) the threat of extinction are in urgent need of protection. 5.It is reported that more nature reserves __ ____ (set up) in the next five years. 6.The reason ___ ___ she chose to study cultural heritage protection is deeply moving. being restored has been made whom/that facing will be set up why/that 考场练兵·实战训练 7.Right now, the damaged relics ___ ___ (repair) by skilled workers. 8.He is one of the volunteers ____ __ (donate) money to protect wild animals. 9.We should respect the traditions _ _____ have been passed down from our ancestors. 10.The problem of habitat loss _ _____ (discuss) at the international meeting now. are being repaired donating that/which is being discussed 三、语法填空 考场练兵·实战训练 Cultural heritage and wildlife are both precious treasures of the earth. Many historic sites 1. __ ____ (threaten) by pollution and over-tourism in recent years. To protect them, the government 2. __ ____ (take) effective measures, such as limiting the number of visitors and repairing damaged relics. The architect 3. ______ designed the protection plan said that it was important to balance development and preservation. Meanwhile, wildlife protection is also a pressing issue. Many animals 4. ____ __ (hunt) illegally for their fur or meat, and their habitats 5. ___ ___ (destroy) by deforestation. 6. ______ is known to all, protecting wildlife means protecting ourselves. A conservation area 7. ___ (build) in our province now, where rare species can live safely. Volunteers 8. _ _____ (work) there are teaching local people about the importance of ecological balance. As students, we can do our part by spreading awareness and refusing products 9. ___ ___ come from endangered animals. Only when we take joint action 10. ______ we save these precious resources for future generations. have been threatened who/that has taken are being hunted As are being destroyed is being built working that/which can 感谢聆听 每天解决一个小问题，每周攻克 一个薄弱点，量变终会引发质变。 教师寄语 $