精品解析：上海宜川中学2025-2026学年第二学期4月阶段练高三英语试题

宜川中学2025学年第二学期阶段练 高三英语 考生注意： 1．本考试设试卷和答题纸，答案写在答题纸上，写在试卷上无效。 2．答题前，考生务必在答题纸上清楚填涂班级、姓名和准考证号。 3．本试卷共9页，考试时间120分钟，试卷满分140分。 I. Listening Comprehension Section A Short Conversations Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. The tickets will sell out quickly. B. There will be extra tickets at the rock concert. C. The rock concert will probably be rescheduled. D. Each person will be allowed to buy only one ticket. 2. A. Board the train. B. Send a fax. C. Change his departure time. D. Have breakfast. 3. A. He doesn’t need a haircut. B. The woman should cut his hair again. C. The woman previously cut off too much of his hair. D. He wants the woman to cut his hair extremely short. 4. A. The man has too many keys. B. The same thing happened to her. C. The man often misplaces his keys. D. The manager took the man’s keys. 5. A. She doesn’t like seafood. B. She has to practice her speech. C. She thinks the restaurant is too expensive. D. She will accompany the man to the restaurant. 6. A. Leave the wallet where she found it. B. Try to find out who the wallet belongs to. C. Keep the wallet until someone comes looking for it. D. Get the attention of the person who dropped the wallet. 7. A. His cousin arrives on Sunday. B. The program begins on Sunday. C. He’ll meet the woman on Saturday. D. They could watch the program on Sunday. 8. A. She forgot the plate had been broken. B. She didn’t realize the plate had been broken. C. She can’t help the man look for another plate. D. She doesn’t want the man to replace the plate. 9. A. He doesn’t know where the museum is. B. The woman can take a bus to the museum. C. The woman should wait in front of the museum. D. There’s only one bus that travels down Main Street. 10. A. They won’t arrive late. B. She’d like to take a later flight. C. She isn’t afraid to travel alone. D. They should leave for the airport immediately. Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. To change students’ approach to writing. B. To point out an example of good writing. C. To give an assignment for the next class. D. To review material covered in an earlier lecture. 12. A. To correct spelling and grammar. B. To make smooth shifts between ideas. C. To add more specific details and examples. D. To improve overall effectiveness. 13. A. They will develop a negative attitude toward long papers. B. They will become more interested in keeping diaries. C. They will make a habit of revising their papers. D. They will become inspired to write poetry. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14. A. To display newly acquired samples. B. To make use of the latest technology. C. To reflect changes in scientific theory. D. To create space for a temporary exhibit. 15. A. It had aggressive tendencies. B. It is connected to modern birds. C. It was the largest dinosaur (恐龙). D. It usually dragged its tail on the ground. 16. A. They ate only water plants. B. They are from the same time period. C. They share similar physical features. D. They lived in a hot and wet climate. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. 17. A. Membership in a cooperative store. B. Shopping in the supermarket. C. The benefits of health food. D. The current cost of food. 18. A. Lowering its prices. B. Changing its membership rules. C. Opening up more checkout lines. D. Selling more household necessities. 19. A. Work regularly for it. B. Avoid junk food. C. Attend monthly meetings. D. Buy cleaning supplies there. 20. A. To save money on food. B. To buy food without additives. C. To do all his shopping in one place. D. To meet other health-conscious people. II. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. … And Big Leaps While traditional manufacturers slowly add semiautomatics features, Tesla, a relatively young auto-manufacturer, is taking an approach ____1____ seems more aggressive. Last year, an update to the software in one of its models added the ability to operate ____2____ “auto-pilot”: The car mostly drives itself, but the driver can take over if, for example, the car attempts to exit the freeway by itself — as it did during some runs soon after ____3____ (introduce) last year. Each time a driver intervenes (干预), Tesla registers the correction in its software, which ____4____ (share) with all the other cars. The idea is ____5____ over time, the cars will get better at driving. Tesla’s autopilot occupies a regulatory gray area, since updates to a car’s software ____6____ (not require) the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration’s approval — though that could change as the agency rules catch up with technology. Ford or GM would likely never have put a system never ____7____ (test) before into service. However, Tesla’s tech-forward customers seem willing to take the risk, ____8____ those of us who have to share the road with them would rather they didn’t. A couple of years ago, Tesla updated its software again to add a way to “summon (召唤)” your car. The car can turn ____9____ on, open the garage door, and meet you in the driveway like an automotive butler. For now, the feature is meant _____10_____ (use) only on private property, but Tesla promises Knight Rider-style summoning in the future: Your car will greet you at the airport when you return from a trip or read your calendar and know where to pick you up after a meeting downtown. Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. appreciate B. consequences C. emotional D. habits E. hold. F. outbursts G. overlooked H. quieten I. stuck J. sweetly K. unfulfilling How to tell if you’re living with ‘quiet stress’ The term “quiet stress” is gathering pace among experts. According to them, it’s an often ____11____ form of the more widely known version, which is characterized by visible ____12____: swearing, shouting, and anger. “We quietly____13____ our stress within: we don’t speak up about how we actually feel, because of which we become inactive. We stay in unhappy relationships and ____14____ jobs. We feel overwhelmed, yet ignore important tasks. Quiet stress creates a form of emotional paralysis (麻痹) that keeps us____15____ in unhappy situations,” says Jillian Lavender, who runs the London Meditation Centre. Cary Cooper, a professor of psychology and health at the University of Manchester, compares the effects of quiet stress to shrapnel(散弹):“You can learn to ____16____ your stress responses, but eventually the stress will emerge: as well as an immune system that stops working well, you may withdraw socially, isolate yourself and begin to engage in unhealthy ____17____ drinking too much. Despite getting a bad reputation over the years, expressing anger of frustration is far healthier than smiling ____18____ while feeling quietly stressed. A recent study from Stanford University in the US backs this theory up. The researchers found that seeing stress as a helpful part of dealing with life’s challenges, rather than as something to be avoided, was associated with better health, ____19____wellbeing and productivity at work. “Stress isn’t always harmful,” said Kelly McGonigal, a business school lecturer at Stanford who worked on the study. “Once you _____20_____ that going through stress makes you better at it, it can be easier to face each new challenge.” III. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. The UN’s Millennium Development Goals included the ambition that by 2015 all the world’s children would complete primary school. This has largely been ____21____ : nine out of ten children are now enrolled. Alas, the figure is not as ____22____ as it sounds. Even though most of the world’s children go to school, an awful lot of them learn pretty much nothing there. According to a recent World Bank study of seven sub-Saharan African countries, half of nine-year-olds cannot read a simple word and three-quarters cannot read a simple sentence. The reason is ____23____ teaching. The same study found that only 7% of teachers had the minimum knowledge needed to teach reading and writing effectively. When classrooms were ____24____ to see whether a teacher was present, half the time the answer was no. Several recent studies suggest ed-tech can help. It seems to bring about bigger ____25____ in poor countries than in rich ones. In a study of a range of measures in poor countries, like smaller class sizes and pay rise for teachers, tech had the biggest ____26____. Some of the scarce resources being spent on teachers could ____27____ be better spent on ed-tech. That does not mean dumping computers on schools in the hope that children will understand how to use them, a foolish act on which plenty of money has been with____28____. Instead, it means providing schools with software that children can use with ____29____ help from an adult, that gets things right more often than the teachers do, that adjusts itself to the child’s ability, and that sends teachers hints about what they are supposed to be teaching. Critics may wonder whether the _____30_____ places have the necessary infrastructure (基建). But Africa is electrifying apace—in Kenya, electricity coverage has gone up from 27% to 55% of households in three years. Where electricity is not available, solar chargers can work. Schools do not _____31_____ internet access. Devices can be taken to where there is a connection to upload or download the necessary information. _____32_____ does not have to be a huge problem either. Tusome (“Let’s read” in Kiswahili), one of the most successful schemes, costs around $4 per child per year in Kenya, where it is being rolled out across public primary schools. The biggest issue is the government’s _____33_____ : where it is enthusiastic, the chances of success are good. Technology is not a cure for all. Good traditional teachers are not _____34_____ , and are never likely to be. And authorities need to hold teachers to account. But ed-tech can help greatly by monitoring pupils and teachers alike, assisting the best teachers and, most important, _____35_____ the failings of the worst. 21. A. revealed B. forgotten C. achieved D. promoted 22. A. correct B. familiar C. typical D. impressive 23. A. effective B. terrible C. moral D. specific 24. A. inspected B. required C. blamed D. organized 25. A. withdrawals B. procedures C. improvements D. conditions 26. A. share B. chance C. effect D. price 27. A. additionally B. likewise C. namely D. therefore 28. A. raised B. wasted C. donated D. spared 29. A. minimal B. instructional C. professional D. considerable 30. A. newest B. farthest C. roughest D. poorest 31. A. limit B. need C. monitor D. doubt 32. A. Equipment B. Perception C. Demand D. Cost 33. A. commitment B. announcement C. objective D. proposal 34. A. knowledgeable B. unnecessary C. unwilling D. critical 35. A. making up for B. living up to C. sorting out D. insisting on Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) A Welsh restaurant has handed back its Michelin star, with the owners saying they rejected the award because they wanted to focus on putting family first. Stephane Borie, Sarah Francis and Kathryn Francis, owners of the Checkers restaurant in Montgomery, Powys, announced they had returned the star rating—regarded as the pinnacle for any restaurant before publication of the 2019 edition of the Michelin Guide on 1 October. Sarah Francis and her husband, Stephane Bone, have three young children while Kathryn Francis has two. “I don’t know how we’ve done it for all these years” said Sarah Francis. “It has been a joy to have the star and the most amazing news when we got it. It was great for trade and brilliant for the town. But more for us, it’s about taking the business in a new direction and putting our family first. It means we can work in the day and have our evenings to ourselves.” The restaurant will relaunch in November as Checkers Pantry, and will open for breakfast and lunch with drinks and cakes available throughout the day. Bone will continue to cook at the Checkers. The Checkers first appeared in the Michelin guide in 201L Sarah Francis said: “We’ve loved getting it, loved keeping it and always nervous every year as to whether we were going to be in the guide. So to give it back was a big decision but the sensible one.” A top French restaurant, Le Suquet, withdrew from the listings last year, having held a three- star rating for nearly two decades. The chef (主厨) Sebastien Bras said he no longer wanted to cook at his restaurant under the “huge pressure” of being judged by the inspectors, Michelin said it was the first time a French chef had asked to be dropped from its restaurant guide in this way. In September, the British celebrity chef Marco Pierre White reportedly said he did not want to give Michelin guide inspectors permission to visit his new restaurant in Singapore. Simon Wright, restaurateur, food writer and former AA food guide editor, said decisions such as that by the Checkers were “often a reflection of the enormous pressure and additional expectation that comes with a Michelin star”. 36. The word “pinnacle”‘ is closest in meaning to_________. A. valued devotion B. unexpected outcome C. most worthwhile effort D. most successful part 37. Why did the owners of the Checkers restaurant decide to return its Michelin star? A. To focus more on dessert. B. To expand its business overseas. C. To have more time with the family. D. To divide the profits between them. 38. What did Sarah Francis say about their decision? A. They disagreed on it. B. It was a wise decision. C. It was a wrong decision. D. They regretted it soon. 39. According to the passage, why has more than one restaurant handed back the Michelin star? A. It is stressful to get and keep it. B. The inspectors are too strict. C. The star foils to benefit the as expected. D. More and more restaurants are qualified. (B) African elephants These beautiful beasts come close to imitating teen rebellion. Kids spend a decade with their mothers in female -dominated groups~~and ladies stay there-but adolescent boys leave mom for noisy crews of brothers. In their 20s, they often downsize to smaller male groups. Orangutans Slow metabolisms (新陈代谢)allow them to survive food shortages—times when weather makes ripe fruit scarce. But energy efficiency comes at a cost; growth and maturation take time. Orangutan mamas nurse their young longer than any other wild creature does. Orcas Killer whales join their mother’s familial group for life. This forever-bond seems to increase a baby’s chance of survival; if mom dies, a young male (under 30) is three times more likely to die than a peer whose mother is alive. Risk of death post-mom-death rises as kids get older. Humans Why do we take so long to bake? Our big brains need up to 25 years to mature—a period that might make us more innovative. One study of teens and young adults found that youths outperformed their older generations in tasks requiring exploration and adaptation. Harp seals A harp seal’s “childhood” lasts just 12 days. A baby’s only purpose during that brief period of growing is to constantly nurse, gaining a fifth of its birth weight in blubber (鲸脂)every day. Once it’s heavy enough its weight increasing about 25 to 80 pounds it slides off the ice and. WoW spiders Every parent knows that tired kids love to take a piggyback ride. The wolf spider straps all her youngins (40 or 50, on average) onto her back at once, carrying them until they are capable of fully functional spider-hood. But luckily she only has to carry them for a few days. takes on the sea. 40. Which of the following live their families for the longest time? A. African elephants. B. Orangutans. C. Orcas. D. Humans. 41. What do orangutans and humans have in common? A. Both are good at surviving food shortages. B. Both need a relatively long time to mature. C. Both get more intelligent than old generations. D. Both are able to slow down their metabolisms. 42. Which of the following statements is true of harp seals? A. Their childhood lasts even shorter than wolf spiders. B. Their weight generally ranges from 25 to 80 pounds. C. They can gain about six pounds each day before they go to the sea. D. They usually nurse each other during the first 12 days of their life. (C) At the start of nearly every doctor’s visit, chances are you will be asked to step on a scale and get your weight measured for that day’s exam record. But many conversations around weight have become an obstacle, not a help, in the campaign to make people healthier. Higher body masses are associated with increased risk for diseases like hypertension, diabetes and coronary disease. Many studies of hundreds of thousands of patients have shown that heavier people are at higher risk for these illnesses. But the big picture is not the whole picture. Researchers have identified a subset of obese people considered to be “metabolically healthy”—meaning they do not exhibit elevated blood pressure or the diabetes indicator called insulin resistance, for example. Although the numbers vary greatly depending on the study, the “metabolically healthy” population could account for anywhere from 6 to 75 percent of obese individuals. One interesting report published in 2016 found that a higher body mass index (or BMI, the ratio of weight to height) “only moderately increased the risks for diabetes among healthy subjects” and that unhealthy thin people were twice as likely to get diabetes as healthy fat people. Clearly, there is more to the equation than weight. Despite such findings, doctors routinely recommend dieting for weight loss as a means to “treat” poor health indicators such as high cholesterol and insomnia in fat patients. Virtually no diet works in the long term. The result: 95 to 98 percent of those who attempt to lose weight fail, and up to two thirds end up heavier than when they began. Spending years trapped in a cycle of losing weight, regaining it, then losing it again is associated with poorer health outcomes. It is time that doctors give up the scale-centric health care practice and focus on behaviors that have proven positive outcomes for health. Among the more dangerous by-products of weight-centric health care are the increased shame experienced by the overweight. The well-reported anecdotal experience of innumerable fat people is that doctors often prescribe weight loss without examining them, running tests or performing other normal procedures for conditions that thin people would be screened for automatically. Research over the past two decades has shown that health professionals have negative attitudes toward fat people, as the authors of a large review paper wrote in 2013 in Current Obesity Reports. Not only that but doctors’ appointments with fat patients are shorter on average, and physicians routinely use negative words in their medical histories of such people. Such practices keep people from regular annual exams and prevent the detection of serious underlying conditions. To practice evidence-based medicine, doctors should stop relying on weight alone as an indicator of health. Instead practitioners should focus on behavioral changes to improve health outcomes. 43. By “the big picture is not the whole picture” (paragraph 2), the writer means that_______. A. there are some exceptions B. more evidence should be presented C. some health risk has been neglected D. people don’t care much about health 44. Why does the writer mention the report published in 2016? A. To call attention to those who are thin but unhealthy. B. To explain what “moderately increase” means in real life. C. To argue against BMI being used as an indicator of fatness. D. To show that weight may not be associated with poor health. 45. What can be inferred from the passage about fat people? A. Most of them worry about their weight. B. Some of them can’t be diagnosed correctly. C. They need at least one exam every half year D. They don’t follow doctors’ recommendations. 46. What is the main idea of the passage? A. Weight-watching health care is common but may do harm. B. More care should be taken of those overweight people. C. Fat people are sometimes treated unfairly in society. D. It’s time that we should be more health-conscious. Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Where the Wild Things Are in the Suburbs I grew up spending summers at my grandparents’ farm, on the eastern shore of Maryland. I used to pick wild blackberries, catch a dinner of blue crabs, and run between the rows of the tall corn plants. I knew what wild garlic looked like; when the figs (无花果) on the fig trees were ready to eat, I ate them. ____47____ “They’re so sweet, Mom,” they tell me. But instead of teaching my kids about that landscape, I decided to instill in them a love of the land where they live. Suburbia is not as obviously lovable as tidewater country, but I was determined to practice PBL — place-based learning. That’s a thing in education. I looked it up. So we went to the abandoned parking lot near the dead mall and looked for dandelion (蒲公英) greens, which make a delicious bitter spring salad. We dug with sticks on the road being paved for Wegmans grocery store. My ten-year-old found some colourful rocks. They inspired him to start a rock collection. “This is cool, Mom,” he said. ____48____ They inherited both from early man. So I’ve been teaching them to search, the way my mother taught me and her mother taught her, all the way back to my ancestral people, the old-country mushroom hunters of Alsace. In the fall, I took my kids to stands of chestnut (栗子) trees and showed them how to get out the edible nuts. We came home with full bags, and I made sweet chestnut puree (糊), which we ate with a big spoon, like a homemade chocolate jam. ____49____ The beauty of it. That it, rather than supermarkets, sustains them. That they should have appreciation for all the parts of the living soil. ___50___ We simply walk, observe, feel the dirt under our feet, and occasionally bring home something we harvested with our own hands. The kids smiled with pride of place. A. I felt that I had taught them some big lesson about the earth. B. I grew up spending summers at my grandparents’ farm. C. I read in my wild-edible field guide that they taste like mango. D. I’ve taught my kids to do the same. E. It has been revolutionary to be outside, in the suburbs. F. It wasn’t a stretch to capitalize on my children’s instincts to explore their world and to eat from it. IV. Summary Writing 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible. A Star Is Made If you examined the birth certificates of every soccer player in a World Cup tournament, you would find an unusual tendency: expert soccer players are more likely to have been born earlier in the year than later. If you then examined the European national youth teams that supply many World Cup players, this tendency would be even more noticeable. In recent English teams, for instance, half born in January, February or March. In Germany, fifty-two were born in the first three months, with just four players born in the last three. What might account for this? Anders Ericsson, a psychology professor at Florida State University, and his colleagues therefore began studying expert performers in a wide range of pursuits, from soccer and surgery to piano playing and software design. They’ve come to a rather surprising conclusion: practice really does make perfect. What we call “talent” is highly overrated, as expert performances are nearly always made, not born. The research also suggests that when it comes to choosing a life path, you should do what you love. People often give up trying to do things they don’t like, telling themselves they simply don’t possess the talent. But what they really lack is the will to succeed and to put in the deliberate practice that would make them better. The insights of the researchers can explain why so many expert soccer players are born early in the year. Since youth sports are organised by age group, teams have a cut-off birth date. In the European youth soccer leagues, the cut-off date is December 31. So when a coach is assessing two players in the same age group, one born in January and the other in December, the player born in January is likely the bigger, stronger, more mature. Guess who the coach will pick. He may be mistaking maturity for ability but once chosen, those January-born players are the ones who, year after year, receive the training that will turn them into expert players. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ V. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 在他看来，值得投资的是体验，而不是物品。（worth）(汉译英） 53. 事实证据越具体，论点就越有说服力。（The more ...）(汉译英) ________________________________________________________________________________________ 54. 这个应用程序的开发者没有将用户的实际需求考虑在内，因此很快就无人问津了。(account) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________________________________ 55. 借着汽车产业的发展势头，这家公司不断拓展国内外市场，但困扰也随之显现。(with which) (汉译英) VI. Guided Writing 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假如你是明启中学的高三学生李华，你的朋友Jack邀请你一同制定毕业后的暑假计划，请从他提供的计划清单中选择你所心仪的一个。给他写封邮件，内容需包含： 1.你的选择 2.你的理由及如何执行该计划 ①参加山区支教志愿服务 ②去祖国各地走走 ③学习技能，如驾驶、乐器演奏、视频剪辑等 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 宜川中学2025学年第二学期阶段练 高三英语 考生注意： 1．本考试设试卷和答题纸，答案写在答题纸上，写在试卷上无效。 2．答题前，考生务必在答题纸上清楚填涂班级、姓名和准考证号。 3．本试卷共9页，考试时间120分钟，试卷满分140分。 I. Listening Comprehension Section A Short Conversations Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. The tickets will sell out quickly. B. There will be extra tickets at the rock concert. C. The rock concert will probably be rescheduled. D. Each person will be allowed to buy only one ticket. 2. A. Board the train. B. Send a fax. C. Change his departure time. D. Have breakfast. 3. A. He doesn’t need a haircut. B. The woman should cut his hair again. C. The woman previously cut off too much of his hair. D. He wants the woman to cut his hair extremely short. 4. A. The man has too many keys. B. The same thing happened to her. C. The man often misplaces his keys. D. The manager took the man’s keys. 5. A. She doesn’t like seafood. B. She has to practice her speech. C. She thinks the restaurant is too expensive. D. She will accompany the man to the restaurant. 6. A. Leave the wallet where she found it. B. Try to find out who the wallet belongs to. C. Keep the wallet until someone comes looking for it. D. Get the attention of the person who dropped the wallet. 7. A. His cousin arrives on Sunday. B. The program begins on Sunday. C. He’ll meet the woman on Saturday. D. They could watch the program on Sunday. 8. A. She forgot the plate had been broken. B. She didn’t realize the plate had been broken. C. She can’t help the man look for another plate. D. She doesn’t want the man to replace the plate. 9. A. He doesn’t know where the museum is. B. The woman can take a bus to the museum. C. The woman should wait in front of the museum. D. There’s only one bus that travels down Main Street. 10. A. They won’t arrive late. B. She’d like to take a later flight. C. She isn’t afraid to travel alone. D. They should leave for the airport immediately. Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. To change students’ approach to writing. B. To point out an example of good writing. C. To give an assignment for the next class. D. To review material covered in an earlier lecture. 12. A. To correct spelling and grammar. B. To make smooth shifts between ideas. C. To add more specific details and examples. D. To improve overall effectiveness. 13. A. They will develop a negative attitude toward long papers. B. They will become more interested in keeping diaries. C. They will make a habit of revising their papers. D. They will become inspired to write poetry. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14. A. To display newly acquired samples. B. To make use of the latest technology. C. To reflect changes in scientific theory. D. To create space for a temporary exhibit. 15. A. It had aggressive tendencies. B. It is connected to modern birds. C. It was the largest dinosaur (恐龙). D. It usually dragged its tail on the ground. 16. A. They ate only water plants. B. They are from the same time period. C. They share similar physical features. D. They lived in a hot and wet climate. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. 17. A. Membership in a cooperative store. B. Shopping in the supermarket. C. The benefits of health food. D. The current cost of food. 18. A. Lowering its prices. B. Changing its membership rules. C. Opening up more checkout lines. D. Selling more household necessities. 19. A. Work regularly for it. B. Avoid junk food. C. Attend monthly meetings. D. Buy cleaning supplies there. 20. A. To save money on food. B. To buy food without additives. C. To do all his shopping in one place. D. To meet other health-conscious people. II. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. … And Big Leaps While traditional manufacturers slowly add semiautomatics features, Tesla, a relatively young auto-manufacturer, is taking an approach ____1____ seems more aggressive. Last year, an update to the software in one of its models added the ability to operate ____2____ “auto-pilot”: The car mostly drives itself, but the driver can take over if, for example, the car attempts to exit the freeway by itself — as it did during some runs soon after ____3____ (introduce) last year. Each time a driver intervenes (干预), Tesla registers the correction in its software, which ____4____ (share) with all the other cars. The idea is ____5____ over time, the cars will get better at driving. Tesla’s autopilot occupies a regulatory gray area, since updates to a car’s software ____6____ (not require) the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration’s approval — though that could change as the agency rules catch up with technology. Ford or GM would likely never have put a system never ____7____ (test) before into service. However, Tesla’s tech-forward customers seem willing to take the risk, ____8____ those of us who have to share the road with them would rather they didn’t. A couple of years ago, Tesla updated its software again to add a way to “summon (召唤)” your car. The car can turn ____9____ on, open the garage door, and meet you in the driveway like an automotive butler. For now, the feature is meant _____10_____ (use) only on private property, but Tesla promises Knight Rider-style summoning in the future: Your car will greet you at the airport when you return from a trip or read your calendar and know where to pick you up after a meeting downtown. 【答案】1. that##which 2. on 3. being introduced 4. is shared 5. that 6. don’t require 7. tested 8. while 9. itself 10. to be used 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了特斯拉在自动驾驶技术方面的创新举措，包括其激进的技术发展方式、自动驾驶功能、软件更新以及未来的一些承诺等。 【1题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：当传统制造商缓慢地增加半自动功能时，相对年轻的汽车制造商特斯拉正在采取一种似乎更为激进的方法。此处引导定语从句，修饰先行词approach，且在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词that或which引导。故填that/which。 【2题详解】 考查介词、固定短语。句意：去年，其一款车型的软件更新增加了“自动驾驶”功能：汽车基本上可以自动驾驶，但如果出现例如汽车试图自行驶出高速公路的情况，驾驶员可以接管——就像去年推出后不久的一些运行中所发生的那样。operate on为固定短语，意为“操作，运行”，此处表示“运行‘自动驾驶’功能”。故填on。 【3题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：同上。分析句子结构可知，此处作介词after的宾语，用动名词形式，且introduce与逻辑主语it（指代car）之间是被动关系，所以用动名词的被动式being done。故填being introduced。 【4题详解】 考查时态和语态。句意：每次驾驶员干预时，特斯拉都会在其软件中记录修正，该软件会与其他所有汽车共享。此处是定语从句的谓语部分，定语从句表示的是一个客观情况，谓语动词用一般现在时，且share与先行词software之间是被动关系，所以用一般现在时的被动语态，主语which指代software，为单数，所以be动词用is。故填is shared。 【5题详解】 考查表语从句。句意：这个想法是，随着时间的推移，汽车会越来越擅长驾驶。此处引导表语从句，从句成分和意义都完整，所以用连接词that引导。故填that。 【6题详解】 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：特斯拉的自动驾驶处于监管灰色地带，因为汽车软件的更新不需要国家公路交通安全管理局的批准——尽管随着该机构的规则赶上技术发展，这种情况可能会改变。此处描述的是客观事实，用一般现在时，且require与主语updates之间是主动关系，主语updates是复数，所以谓语动词用原形，其否定形式为don't require。故填don't require。 【7题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：福特或通用汽车可能永远不会将一个从未经过测试的系统投入使用。此处作后置定语修饰system，且test与system之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用过去分词tested。故填tested。 【8题详解】 考查连词。句意：然而，特斯拉的技术导向型客户似乎愿意承担这种风险，而我们这些不得不与他们共享道路的人则希望他们不要这样做。根据上文“Tesla’s tech-forward customers seem willing to take the risk(特斯拉的技术导向型客户似乎愿意承担这种风险)”以及下文“those of us who have to share the road with them would rather they didn’t(我们这些不得不与他们共享道路的人则希望他们不要这样做)”可知，前后两句是对比关系，所以用连词while表示“然而”。故填while。 【9题详解】 考查反身代词。句意：汽车可以自行启动，打开车库门，像汽车管家一样在车道上迎接你。此处表示汽车“自行启动”，所以用反身代词itself作turn的宾语。故填itself。 【10题详解】 考查非谓语动词、固定短语。句意：目前，该功能仅打算在私人财产上使用，但特斯拉承诺未来会有像《霹雳游侠》风格的召唤功能：当你旅行归来时，你的汽车会在机场迎接你，或者读取你的日历，知道在市中心开会后去哪里接你。be meant to do为固定短语，意为“打算做某事”，且use与逻辑主语the feature之间是被动关系，所以用不定式的被动式to be done。故填to be used。 Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. appreciate B. consequences C. emotional D. habits E. hold. F. outbursts G. overlooked H. quieten I. stuck J. sweetly K. unfulfilling How to tell if you’re living with ‘quiet stress’ The term “quiet stress” is gathering pace among experts. According to them, it’s an often ____11____ form of the more widely known version, which is characterized by visible ____12____: swearing, shouting, and anger. “We quietly____13____ our stress within: we don’t speak up about how we actually feel, because of which we become inactive. We stay in unhappy relationships and ____14____ jobs. We feel overwhelmed, yet ignore important tasks. Quiet stress creates a form of emotional paralysis (麻痹) that keeps us____15____ in unhappy situations,” says Jillian Lavender, who runs the London Meditation Centre. Cary Cooper, a professor of psychology and health at the University of Manchester, compares the effects of quiet stress to shrapnel(散弹):“You can learn to ____16____ your stress responses, but eventually the stress will emerge: as well as an immune system that stops working well, you may withdraw socially, isolate yourself and begin to engage in unhealthy ____17____ drinking too much. Despite getting a bad reputation over the years, expressing anger of frustration is far healthier than smiling ____18____ while feeling quietly stressed. A recent study from Stanford University in the US backs this theory up. The researchers found that seeing stress as a helpful part of dealing with life’s challenges, rather than as something to be avoided, was associated with better health, ____19____wellbeing and productivity at work. “Stress isn’t always harmful,” said Kelly McGonigal, a business school lecturer at Stanford who worked on the study. “Once you _____20_____ that going through stress makes you better at it, it can be easier to face each new challenge.” 【答案】11. G 12. F 13. E 14. K 15. I 16. H 17. D 18. J 19. C 20. A 【解析】 【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章介绍了什么是安静压力，它带来的伤害以及如何应对。 【11题详解】 考查形容词。句意：据专家说，在以咒骂，大喊大叫和生气为特点的广为流传的压力中，它是被忽视的那一种。 根据空前的冠词an以及空后的名词form可知，此处应填形容词，且此处意为这种压力是被忽视了的，故选择overlooked“被忽视的”，故选G。 【12题详解】 考查名词。句意：据专家说，在以咒骂，大喊大叫和生气为特点的广为流传的压力中，它是被忽视的那一种。根据空前的形容词visible可知，此处应填名词作介词by的宾语，且根据空后的解释“swearing shouting, and anger”可知，此处指的是通过大喊大叫等来爆发情绪，故选outbursts“爆发”，故选F。 【13题详解】 考查动词。句意：我们安静地将情绪控制在内心：我们不会说出我们的真实感受，因为这一点，我们会变得不活跃。此处为谓语动词，且根据空后的“our stress within”可知，此处意为将压力控制在内心，故应选hold“控制，保持”，故选E。 【14题详解】 考查形容词。句意：我们会与同事相处不开心，并且也无法完成工作。根据空后的名词jobs可知，此处应填形容词修饰jobs，且根据后文的“ignore important tasks”可知，此处意为“未完成的工作”，应选unfulfilling“未完成的”，故选K。 【15题详解】 考查形容词。句意：安静压力会产生一种情绪麻痹，使我们一直处于不开心的状态下。根据空前的“keep us”以及空后的“in unhappy situations”可知，此处应选择表示“让人处于……状态”的形容词，故选stuck“被困的”，故选I。 【16题详解】 考查动词。句意：曼彻斯特大学的心理健康学教授Cary Cooper将安静压力效应比作散弹：你可以学会去平静你的压力发应，但是最终它会出现。根据空前“learn to”和空后的名词“your stress responses”可知，此处应填动词，且此处意为使压力反应平静下来，故应选quieten“使……平静”，故选H。 【17题详解】 考查名词。句意：就像你的免疫系统停止运行一样，你可能会感到社会恐惧，孤立自己，开始养成不好的习惯，喝太多酒。根据空前形容词unhealthy可知，此处应填名词，且空后意为“喝太多酒”这种不好的习惯，故此空应选habits“习惯”，故选D。 【18题详解】 考查副词。句意：尽管多年来名声不佳，但表达愤怒和沮丧要比平静地感到压力时甜甜地微笑要健康得多。根据空前动词“smiling”可知，此处应填副词修饰动词，根据句意此处表示“甜甜地微笑”，故应选sweetly“甜甜地”，故选J。 【19题详解】 考查形容词。句意：研究者发现，将压力看作是有助于处理生活挑战而不是必须避免的事情时，我们才能更好地处理压力，才能感到幸福，才能有利于工作具有创造性。根据空后的名词“wellbeing and productivity”可知，此处应填形容词。且根据句意此处意为“情感上的幸福”，故选emotional“情感上的，情绪上的”，故选C。 【20题详解】 考查动词。句意：一旦你认为只有经历了压力才能更好的处理压力，那么生活中的挑战才会更容易克服。根据空前的情态动词can可知，此处应填动词原形，且此处意为“认为，意识到”，故选appreciate，故选A。 III. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. The UN’s Millennium Development Goals included the ambition that by 2015 all the world’s children would complete primary school. This has largely been ____21____ : nine out of ten children are now enrolled. Alas, the figure is not as ____22____ as it sounds. Even though most of the world’s children go to school, an awful lot of them learn pretty much nothing there. According to a recent World Bank study of seven sub-Saharan African countries, half of nine-year-olds cannot read a simple word and three-quarters cannot read a simple sentence. The reason is ____23____ teaching. The same study found that only 7% of teachers had the minimum knowledge needed to teach reading and writing effectively. When classrooms were ____24____ to see whether a teacher was present, half the time the answer was no. Several recent studies suggest ed-tech can help. It seems to bring about bigger ____25____ in poor countries than in rich ones. In a study of a range of measures in poor countries, like smaller class sizes and pay rise for teachers, tech had the biggest ____26____. Some of the scarce resources being spent on teachers could ____27____ be better spent on ed-tech. That does not mean dumping computers on schools in the hope that children will understand how to use them, a foolish act on which plenty of money has been with____28____. Instead, it means providing schools with software that children can use with ____29____ help from an adult, that gets things right more often than the teachers do, that adjusts itself to the child’s ability, and that sends teachers hints about what they are supposed to be teaching. Critics may wonder whether the _____30_____ places have the necessary infrastructure (基建). But Africa is electrifying apace—in Kenya, electricity coverage has gone up from 27% to 55% of households in three years. Where electricity is not available, solar chargers can work. Schools do not _____31_____ internet access. Devices can be taken to where there is a connection to upload or download the necessary information. _____32_____ does not have to be a huge problem either. Tusome (“Let’s read” in Kiswahili), one of the most successful schemes, costs around $4 per child per year in Kenya, where it is being rolled out across public primary schools. The biggest issue is the government’s _____33_____ : where it is enthusiastic, the chances of success are good. Technology is not a cure for all. Good traditional teachers are not _____34_____ , and are never likely to be. And authorities need to hold teachers to account. But ed-tech can help greatly by monitoring pupils and teachers alike, assisting the best teachers and, most important, _____35_____ the failings of the worst. 21. A. revealed B. forgotten C. achieved D. promoted 22. A. correct B. familiar C. typical D. impressive 23. A. effective B. terrible C. moral D. specific 24. A. inspected B. required C. blamed D. organized 25. A. withdrawals B. procedures C. improvements D. conditions 26. A. share B. chance C. effect D. price 27. A. additionally B. likewise C. namely D. therefore 28. A. raised B. wasted C. donated D. spared 29. A. minimal B. instructional C. professional D. considerable 30. A. newest B. farthest C. roughest D. poorest 31. A. limit B. need C. monitor D. doubt 32. A. Equipment B. Perception C. Demand D. Cost 33. A. commitment B. announcement C. objective D. proposal 34. A. knowledgeable B. unnecessary C. unwilling D. critical 35. A. making up for B. living up to C. sorting out D. insisting on 【答案】21. C 22. D 23. B 24. A 25. C 26. C 27. D 28. B 29. A 30. D 31. B 32. D 33. A 34. B 35. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲了联合国的千年发展目标包括到2015年全世界所有儿童都将完成小学学业的雄心壮志。最近的几项研究表明，教育技术可以起到帮助作用。但是技术不是万能的。当局需要让教师负起责任，但Ed-Tech可以通过监督学生和教师的行为，帮助最好的教师和最重要的教师，弥补最坏情况下的失败来提供极大的帮助。 【21题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这个目标在很大程度上已经实现了：现在十个孩子中有九个已经入学。A. revealed透露；B. forgotten忘记；C. achieved实现；D. promoted促进。根据下文“nine out of ten children are now enrolled”可知联合国的千年发展目标实现了。故选C项。 【22题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：唉，这个数字并不像听起来那么令人赞叹。A. correct正确的；B. familiar熟悉的 ；C. typical典型的；D. impressive给人印象深刻的，令人赞叹的。根据下文“Even though most of the world’s children go to school, an awful lot of them learn pretty much nothing there.”可知这个数字并不像事实那样让人赞叹。故选D项。 【23题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：原因就是糟糕的教学。A. effective有效的；B. terrible可怕的，糟糕的； C. moral道德上的；D. specific具体的。根据下文“The same study found that only 7% of teachers had the minimum knowledge needed to teach reading and writing effectively.”可知儿童入学率低的原因是教学质量。故选B项。 【24题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当检查教室里是否有老师在场时，一半的答案是否定的。A. inspected检查；B. required要求；C. blamed归咎于；D. organized组织。根据语境可知是检查或者了解老师是否在教室里教学。故选A项。 【25题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：它似乎给穷国带来了比富国更大的改善。A. withdrawals提款，撤走；B. procedures程序；C. improvements改进；D. conditions条件。根据前文“Several recent studies suggested-tech can help.”可知教育技术给教育带来了改进。故选C项。 【26题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在一项针对贫困国家的一系列衡量标准的研究中，如小班化和教师加薪，科技影响最大。A. share分享；B. chance机会；C. effect效果，影响；D. price价格。根据前文“It seems to bring about bigger ____5____ in poor countries than in rich ones.”可知此处指的是科技带来影响。故选C项。 【27题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：一些稀缺资源用在教师身上因此可以更好地用于教育技术。A. additionally另外地；B. likewise同样地；C. namely也就是；D. therefore因此。根据前文“like smaller class sizes and pay rise for teachers, tech had the biggest ____6___”可知把资源用于教师身上就会更好的使用教育技术。所以， 此处应使用副词therefore。故选D项。 【28题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这并不意味着把电脑扔给学校，希望孩子们能理解如何使用电脑，这是一个愚蠢的行为，有很多钱浪费在了这上面。 A. raised提高；B. wasted浪费；C. donated捐赠；D. spared抽出，留出。根据前文“a foolish act”可知这样做是浪费钱。故选B项。 【29题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：相反，这意味着向学校提供软件，让孩子们可以在成年人的最小的帮助下使用，这比让老师去做会更容易把事情做好。A. minimal最低的；B. instructional教学的；C. professional专业的；D. considerable相当大的。根据下文“that gets things right more often than the teachers do”可知此处指的是“授之以鱼不如授之以渔”，老师让孩子多实践，用最少的指导让孩子学会使用软件。故选A项。 【30题详解】 考查形容词最高级词义辨析。句意：批评者可能会怀疑这些最贫穷的地方是否有必要的基础设施。A. newest最新的；B. farthest最远的；C. roughest最粗糙的；D. poorest最贫穷的。根据下文“But Africa is electrifying apace—in Kenya, electricity coverage has gone up from 27% to 55% of households in three years.”可知这些地方是贫穷的。故选D项。 【31题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：学校不需要上网。A. limit限制；B. need需要；C. monitor监视；D. doubt怀疑。根据下文“Devices can be taken to where there is a connection to upload or download the necessary information.”可知学校不需要上网。故选B项。 【32题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：费用不一定是个大问题。A. Equipment设备；B. Perception感知；C. Demand需求；D. Cost费用。根据下文“one of the most successful schemes, costs around $4 per child per year in Kenya, where it is being rolled out across public primary schools.”可知此处说的是费用问题。故选D项。 【33题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：最大的问题是政府的投入：政府热情，成功的机会很大。A. commitment承诺，投入；B. announcement公告；C. objective目标；D. proposal提议。根据下文“where it is enthusiastic, the chances of success are good.”可知政府应该重视教育，多投入。故选A项。 【34题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：优秀的传统教师不是不必要的，而且永远也不可能是不必要。A. knowledgeable知识渊博的；B. unnecessary必要的；C. unwilling不情愿的； D. critical批评的。根据前文“Technology is not a cure for all.”可知教师在教育过程中是必不可少的。故选B项。 【35题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：但教育技术可以极大地帮助学生和老师，帮助最好的老师，最重要的是弥补最坏的失败。A. making up for弥补；B. living up to达到，不辜负；C. sorting out整理；D. insisting on坚持。根据前文“And authorities need to hold teachers to account.”可知好教师短缺是面临的重大问题，教育技术弥补最坏情况下的失败来提供极大的帮助。故选A项。 Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) A Welsh restaurant has handed back its Michelin star, with the owners saying they rejected the award because they wanted to focus on putting family first. Stephane Borie, Sarah Francis and Kathryn Francis, owners of the Checkers restaurant in Montgomery, Powys, announced they had returned the star rating—regarded as the pinnacle for any restaurant before publication of the 2019 edition of the Michelin Guide on 1 October. Sarah Francis and her husband, Stephane Bone, have three young children while Kathryn Francis has two. “I don’t know how we’ve done it for all these years” said Sarah Francis. “It has been a joy to have the star and the most amazing news when we got it. It was great for trade and brilliant for the town. But more for us, it’s about taking the business in a new direction and putting our family first. It means we can work in the day and have our evenings to ourselves.” The restaurant will relaunch in November as Checkers Pantry, and will open for breakfast and lunch with drinks and cakes available throughout the day. Bone will continue to cook at the Checkers. The Checkers first appeared in the Michelin guide in 201L Sarah Francis said: “We’ve loved getting it, loved keeping it and always nervous every year as to whether we were going to be in the guide. So to give it back was a big decision but the sensible one.” A top French restaurant, Le Suquet, withdrew from the listings last year, having held a three- star rating for nearly two decades. The chef (主厨) Sebastien Bras said he no longer wanted to cook at his restaurant under the “huge pressure” of being judged by the inspectors, Michelin said it was the first time a French chef had asked to be dropped from its restaurant guide in this way. In September, the British celebrity chef Marco Pierre White reportedly said he did not want to give Michelin guide inspectors permission to visit his new restaurant in Singapore. Simon Wright, restaurateur, food writer and former AA food guide editor, said decisions such as that by the Checkers were “often a reflection of the enormous pressure and additional expectation that comes with a Michelin star”. 36. The word “pinnacle”‘ is closest in meaning to_________. A. valued devotion B. unexpected outcome C. most worthwhile effort D. most successful part 37. Why did the owners of the Checkers restaurant decide to return its Michelin star? A. To focus more on dessert. B. To expand its business overseas. C. To have more time with the family. D. To divide the profits between them. 38. What did Sarah Francis say about their decision? A. They disagreed on it. B. It was a wise decision. C. It was a wrong decision. D. They regretted it soon. 39. According to the passage, why has more than one restaurant handed back the Michelin star? A. It is stressful to get and keep it. B. The inspectors are too strict. C. The star foils to benefit the as expected. D. More and more restaurants are qualified. 【答案】36. D 37. C 38. B 39. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一家威尔士餐厅拒绝接受其米其林星级餐厅奖项，文中解释了拒绝的原因。 【36题详解】 词句猜测题。文章第一段讲到“A Welsh restaurant has handed back its Michelin star, with the owners saying they rejected the award because they wanted to focus on putting family first. (一家威尔士餐厅已将其米其林星级退回，店主表示，他们拒绝接受该奖项，因为他们想专注于家庭至上。)”注意名词“award”以及“they had returned the star rating—regarded as the pinnacle for any restaurant (他们已经恢复了被视为任何餐厅pinnacle的星级评级)”可知，被授予米其林星级奖项说明此餐厅很成功，此处pinnacle可以解释为星级评价中最成功的部分，故选D。 【37题详解】 细节理解题。文章第一段讲到“A Welsh restaurant has handed back its Michelin star, with the owners saying they rejected the award because they wanted to focus on putting family first. (一家威尔士餐厅已将其米其林星级退回，店主表示，他们拒绝接受该奖项，因为他们想专注于家庭至上。)”和文章第二段讲到“But more for us, it’s about taking the business in a new direction and putting our family first. (但对我们来说，更重要的是，我们要把业务推向一个新的方向，把家庭放在首位。)”可知Checkers餐厅的老板决定归还其米其林星是为了多陪陪家人，故选C。 【38题详解】 细节理解题。文章第二段讲到“It was great for trade and brilliant for the town. But more for us, it’s about taking the business in a new direction and putting our family first. It means we can work in the day and have our evenings to ourselves. (这对贸易和城镇来说都很好。但对我们来说，更重要的是，我们要把业务推向一个新的方向，把家庭放在首位。这意味着我们可以白天工作，晚上可以独处。)”和第四段“So to give it back was a big decision but the sensible one.(因此，归还它是一个重大但明智的决定)”可知Sarah Francis认为这样做拥有多方面的好处，这是一个明智的决定。故选B。 【39题详解】 推理判断题。文章倒数第三段“The chef (主厨) Sebastien Bras said he no longer wanted to cook at his restaurant under the “huge pressure” of being judged by the inspectors, Michelin said it was the first time a French chef had asked to be dropped from its restaurant guide in this way.(厨师Sebastien Bras表示，由于受到检查员评判的“巨大压力”，他再也不想在餐厅做饭了。米其林（Michelin）表示，这是法国厨师第一次要求以这种方式退出餐厅指南)”和最后一段讲到“Simon Wright, restaurateur, food writer and former AA food guide editor, said decisions such as that by the Checkers were ‘often a reflection of the enormous pressure and additional expectation that comes with a Michelin star’. (餐厅老板、美食作家、前AA美食指南编辑Simon Wright表示，Checkers做出的这样的决定‘通常反映了米其林星级带来的巨大压力和额外期望’。)”可知根据文章，不止一家餐厅退回米其林星级是因为得到并保持它是很有压力的，故选A。 (B) African elephants These beautiful beasts come close to imitating teen rebellion. Kids spend a decade with their mothers in female -dominated groups~~and ladies stay there-but adolescent boys leave mom for noisy crews of brothers. In their 20s, they often downsize to smaller male groups. Orangutans Slow metabolisms (新陈代谢)allow them to survive food shortages—times when weather makes ripe fruit scarce. But energy efficiency comes at a cost; growth and maturation take time. Orangutan mamas nurse their young longer than any other wild creature does. Orcas Killer whales join their mother’s familial group for life. This forever-bond seems to increase a baby’s chance of survival; if mom dies, a young male (under 30) is three times more likely to die than a peer whose mother is alive. Risk of death post-mom-death rises as kids get older. Humans Why do we take so long to bake? Our big brains need up to 25 years to mature—a period that might make us more innovative. One study of teens and young adults found that youths outperformed their older generations in tasks requiring exploration and adaptation. Harp seals A harp seal’s “childhood” lasts just 12 days. A baby’s only purpose during that brief period of growing is to constantly nurse, gaining a fifth of its birth weight in blubber (鲸脂)every day. Once it’s heavy enough its weight increasing about 25 to 80 pounds it slides off the ice and. WoW spiders Every parent knows that tired kids love to take a piggyback ride. The wolf spider straps all her youngins (40 or 50, on average) onto her back at once, carrying them until they are capable of fully functional spider-hood. But luckily she only has to carry them for a few days. takes on the sea. 40. Which of the following live their families for the longest time? A. African elephants. B. Orangutans. C. Orcas. D. Humans. 41. What do orangutans and humans have in common? A. Both are good at surviving food shortages. B. Both need a relatively long time to mature. C. Both get more intelligent than old generations. D. Both are able to slow down their metabolisms. 42. Which of the following statements is true of harp seals? A. Their childhood lasts even shorter than wolf spiders. B. Their weight generally ranges from 25 to 80 pounds. C. They can gain about six pounds each day before they go to the sea. D. They usually nurse each other during the first 12 days of their life. 【答案】40. C 41. B 42. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了五种动物成长的特点。 【40题详解】 细节理解题。文章Orcas段讲到“This forever-bond seems to increase a baby’s chance of survival (这种永久的联系似乎增加了婴儿的生存机会)”可知Orcas是永久地生活在家庭里， 因此家庭生活时间最长的是Orcas，故选C。 【41题详解】 推理判断题。文章Orangutans段讲到“growth and maturation take time (成长和成熟需要时间)” 以及文章第Humans段讲到“Our big brains need up to 25 years to mature (我们的大脑最长需要25年才能成熟)”可知猩猩和人类的共同点是两者都需要相对较长的时间才能成熟，故选B。 【42题详解】 细节理解题。文章harp seals段讲到“A harp seal’s ‘childhood’ lasts just 12 days. (harp seals的‘童年’只持续12天。)”以及“its weight increasing about 25 to 80 pounds(它的重量会增加大约25到80磅)”可知关于harp seals在出海之前每天增长的体重是25÷12约等于2.08镑或者80÷12约等于6.6镑，使用说法正确的是他们在入海前每天可以增加大约六磅，故选C。 (C) At the start of nearly every doctor’s visit, chances are you will be asked to step on a scale and get your weight measured for that day’s exam record. But many conversations around weight have become an obstacle, not a help, in the campaign to make people healthier. Higher body masses are associated with increased risk for diseases like hypertension, diabetes and coronary disease. Many studies of hundreds of thousands of patients have shown that heavier people are at higher risk for these illnesses. But the big picture is not the whole picture. Researchers have identified a subset of obese people considered to be “metabolically healthy”—meaning they do not exhibit elevated blood pressure or the diabetes indicator called insulin resistance, for example. Although the numbers vary greatly depending on the study, the “metabolically healthy” population could account for anywhere from 6 to 75 percent of obese individuals. One interesting report published in 2016 found that a higher body mass index (or BMI, the ratio of weight to height) “only moderately increased the risks for diabetes among healthy subjects” and that unhealthy thin people were twice as likely to get diabetes as healthy fat people. Clearly, there is more to the equation than weight. Despite such findings, doctors routinely recommend dieting for weight loss as a means to “treat” poor health indicators such as high cholesterol and insomnia in fat patients. Virtually no diet works in the long term. The result: 95 to 98 percent of those who attempt to lose weight fail, and up to two thirds end up heavier than when they began. Spending years trapped in a cycle of losing weight, regaining it, then losing it again is associated with poorer health outcomes. It is time that doctors give up the scale-centric health care practice and focus on behaviors that have proven positive outcomes for health. Among the more dangerous by-products of weight-centric health care are the increased shame experienced by the overweight. The well-reported anecdotal experience of innumerable fat people is that doctors often prescribe weight loss without examining them, running tests or performing other normal procedures for conditions that thin people would be screened for automatically. Research over the past two decades has shown that health professionals have negative attitudes toward fat people, as the authors of a large review paper wrote in 2013 in Current Obesity Reports. Not only that but doctors’ appointments with fat patients are shorter on average, and physicians routinely use negative words in their medical histories of such people. Such practices keep people from regular annual exams and prevent the detection of serious underlying conditions. To practice evidence-based medicine, doctors should stop relying on weight alone as an indicator of health. Instead practitioners should focus on behavioral changes to improve health outcomes. 43. By “the big picture is not the whole picture” (paragraph 2), the writer means that_______. A. there are some exceptions B. more evidence should be presented C. some health risk has been neglected D. people don’t care much about health 44. Why does the writer mention the report published in 2016? A. To call attention to those who are thin but unhealthy. B. To explain what “moderately increase” means in real life. C. To argue against BMI being used as an indicator of fatness. D. To show that weight may not be associated with poor health. 45. What can be inferred from the passage about fat people? A. Most of them worry about their weight. B. Some of them can’t be diagnosed correctly. C. They need at least one exam every half year D. They don’t follow doctors’ recommendations. 46. What is the main idea of the passage? A. Weight-watching health care is common but may do harm. B. More care should be taken of those overweight people. C. Fat people are sometimes treated unfairly in society. D. It’s time that we should be more health-conscious. 【答案】43. A 44. D 45. B 46. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章说明了以体重为主的医疗保健中心对人们的不良影响，指出医生不应该只以体重为健康指标，也不要将减肥作为快速治疗健康疾病的手段。 【43题详解】 句意猜测题。加粗句上文“Many studies of hundreds of thousands of patients have shown that heavier people are at higher risk for these illnesses.”（针对数十万患者的许多研究表明，体重越重，患有这些疾病的风险越高）提到许多研究表明体重越重，患有高血压、糖尿病等疾病的风险越高。但是下文“Researchers have identified a subset of obese people considered to be “metabolically healthy”— meaning they do not exhibit elevated blood pressure or the diabetes indicator called insulin resistance, for example.”（研究人员已经鉴定了一组肥胖人群“代谢健康”，这意味着这一人群没有出现高血压或糖尿病的征兆，比如胰岛素抵抗）与之形成转折，提出其实肥胖人群中也有代谢健康的人。由此推断，“the big picture is not the whole picture”指的是存在例外，即并不是所有肥胖人群都存在代谢健康问题。故选A项。 【44题详解】 推理判断题。根据这份2016年报告的结果（第三段的第一句）“One interesting report published in 2016 found that a higher body mass index (or BMI, the ratio of weight to height) “only moderately increased the risks for diabetes among healthy subjects” and that unhealthy thin people were twice as likely to get diabetes as healthy fat people.”（2016年的一份有趣的报告发现，体重指数偏高的人群患糖尿病的风险只比健康人群的风险高一点。而体重偏低、不健康的人群患糖尿病的风险是健康肥胖人群的两倍）可知，结果表明，体重偏低、不健康的人群患糖尿病的风险是健康肥胖人群的两倍，由此可知，体重也许并不会影响健康。故选D项。 【45题详解】 推理判断题。根据第五段的最后两句“Not only that but doctors’ appointments with fat patients are shorter on average, and physicians routinely use negative words in their medical histories of such people. Such practices keep people from regular annual exams and prevent the detection of serious underlying conditions.”（而且医生给肥胖患者的平均预约时间更短，医生在描写肥胖患者的病史时经常使用负面词汇。这种做法使这些人群无法定期进行年度体检，从而无法及时测出潜在的严重疾病问题）可知，有些医生只以体重为健康指标，没有给肥胖患者做出正确的诊断。故选B项。 【46题详解】 主旨大意题。结合全文，第一段指出去医院时往往要测体重这一现象，引出话题；第二、三段介绍了虽然先前有许多研究认为体重过重容易诱发高血压等疾病，但是也有研究发现体重可能与健康无关；第四、五段指出以体重为主的医疗保健对人们造成不良影响；最后一段呼吁医生不应该只以体重为健康指标，也不要将减肥作为快速治疗健康疾病的手段。所以文章主要讲的是如今许多医生只依据体重来衡量一个人是否健康，但这么做是有害的。故选A项。 Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Where the Wild Things Are in the Suburbs I grew up spending summers at my grandparents’ farm, on the eastern shore of Maryland. I used to pick wild blackberries, catch a dinner of blue crabs, and run between the rows of the tall corn plants. I knew what wild garlic looked like; when the figs (无花果) on the fig trees were ready to eat, I ate them. ____47____ “They’re so sweet, Mom,” they tell me. But instead of teaching my kids about that landscape, I decided to instill in them a love of the land where they live. Suburbia is not as obviously lovable as tidewater country, but I was determined to practice PBL — place-based learning. That’s a thing in education. I looked it up. So we went to the abandoned parking lot near the dead mall and looked for dandelion (蒲公英) greens, which make a delicious bitter spring salad. We dug with sticks on the road being paved for Wegmans grocery store. My ten-year-old found some colourful rocks. They inspired him to start a rock collection. “This is cool, Mom,” he said. ____48____ They inherited both from early man. So I’ve been teaching them to search, the way my mother taught me and her mother taught her, all the way back to my ancestral people, the old-country mushroom hunters of Alsace. In the fall, I took my kids to stands of chestnut (栗子) trees and showed them how to get out the edible nuts. We came home with full bags, and I made sweet chestnut puree (糊), which we ate with a big spoon, like a homemade chocolate jam. ____49____ The beauty of it. That it, rather than supermarkets, sustains them. That they should have appreciation for all the parts of the living soil. ___50___ We simply walk, observe, feel the dirt under our feet, and occasionally bring home something we harvested with our own hands. The kids smiled with pride of place. A. I felt that I had taught them some big lesson about the earth. B. I grew up spending summers at my grandparents’ farm. C. I read in my wild-edible field guide that they taste like mango. D. I’ve taught my kids to do the same. E. It has been revolutionary to be outside, in the suburbs. F. It wasn’t a stretch to capitalize on my children’s instincts to explore their world and to eat from it. 【答案】47. D 48. F 49. A 50. E 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述作者教孩子在郊区探索自然、学习野外可食用食物的经历。 【47题详解】 上文“I grew up spending summers at my grandparents’ farm, on the eastern shore of Maryland. I used to pick wild blackberries, catch a dinner of blue crabs, and run between the rows of the tall corn plants. I knew what wild garlic looked like; when the figs on the fig trees were ready to eat, I ate them.(我在马里兰州东海岸的祖父母的农场度过夏天。我过去常摘野黑莓，抓蓝蟹当晚餐，在高大的玉米行间奔跑。我知道野蒜长什么样；当无花果树上的无花果成熟可以吃的时候，我就吃它们)”描述了作者小时候在农场的经历。空后““They’re so sweet, Mom,” they tell me.(“妈妈，它们太甜了，”他们告诉我)”中的“they”指代前文提到的可食用的东西，空处需衔接前文，说明作者也让孩子做了同样的事。选项D“I’ve taught my kids to do the same.(我也教我的孩子们这样做)”既承接前文作者的童年经历，又引出后文孩子的反馈，与上下文相呼应，符合语境。故选D。 【48题详解】 下文“They inherited both from early man. So I’ve been teaching them to search, the way my mother taught me and her mother taught her, all the way back to my ancestral people, the old-country mushroom hunters of Alsace.(这两种本能都是他们从早期人类那里继承来的。所以我一直教他们去寻找，就像我妈妈教我、她妈妈教她那样，一直追溯到我的祖先——来自阿尔萨斯故乡的采蘑菇人)”中的“both”指代两种本能，空处需明确这两种本能是什么。选项F“It wasn’t a stretch to capitalize on my children’s instincts to explore their world and to eat from it.(利用孩子们探索世界和从世界获取食物的本能并不难)”提到了“探索世界”和“从世界获取食物”两种本能，“both”指代这两种本能，衔接后文内容，符合语境。故选F。 【49题详解】 上文“In the fall, I took my kids to stands of chestnut trees and showed them how to get out the edible nuts. We came home with full bags, and I made sweet chestnut puree, which we ate with a big spoon, like a homemade chocolate jam.(秋天，我带孩子们去栗树林，教他们如何取出可食用的栗子。我们带着满满几袋栗子回家，我做了甜栗子糊，我们用大勺子吃，就像吃自制的巧克力酱一样)”描述了作者教孩子摘栗子、做栗子糊的过程。空后“The beauty of it. That it, rather than supermarkets, sustains them. That they should have appreciation for all the parts of the living soil.(它的美好之处在于，是它而不是超市养活了他们。他们应该珍惜活土的每一部分)”是作者的感悟，空处需衔接前文的经历，引出后文的感悟。选项A“I felt that I had taught them some big lesson about the earth.(我觉得我教给了他们关于地球的重要一课)”既总结了前文的经历，又引出后文作者对“地球的美好”的感悟，符合语境。故选A。 【50题详解】 下文“We simply walk, observe, feel the dirt under our feet, and occasionally bring home something we harvested with our own hands.(我们只是散步、观察、感受脚下的泥土，偶尔把亲手收获的东西带回家)”描述了作者和孩子在郊区户外的简单活动。空处需总领后文，说明在郊区户外的感受。选项E“It has been revolutionary to be outside, in the suburbs.(在郊区的户外，这是一种革命性的体验)”总述了在郊区户外的体验，衔接后文“We simply walk, observe, feel the dirt under our feet, and occasionally bring home something we harvested with our own hands.(我们只是散步、观察、感受脚下的泥土，偶尔把亲手收获的东西带回家)”这一具体的活动描述，与上下文相呼应，符合语境。故选E。 IV. Summary Writing 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible. A Star Is Made If you examined the birth certificates of every soccer player in a World Cup tournament, you would find an unusual tendency: expert soccer players are more likely to have been born earlier in the year than later. If you then examined the European national youth teams that supply many World Cup players, this tendency would be even more noticeable. In recent English teams, for instance, half born in January, February or March. In Germany, fifty-two were born in the first three months, with just four players born in the last three. What might account for this? Anders Ericsson, a psychology professor at Florida State University, and his colleagues therefore began studying expert performers in a wide range of pursuits, from soccer and surgery to piano playing and software design. They’ve come to a rather surprising conclusion: practice really does make perfect. What we call “talent” is highly overrated, as expert performances are nearly always made, not born. The research also suggests that when it comes to choosing a life path, you should do what you love. People often give up trying to do things they don’t like, telling themselves they simply don’t possess the talent. But what they really lack is the will to succeed and to put in the deliberate practice that would make them better. The insights of the researchers can explain why so many expert soccer players are born early in the year. Since youth sports are organised by age group, teams have a cut-off birth date. In the European youth soccer leagues, the cut-off date is December 31. So when a coach is assessing two players in the same age group, one born in January and the other in December, the player born in January is likely the bigger, stronger, more mature. Guess who the coach will pick. He may be mistaking maturity for ability but once chosen, those January-born players are the ones who, year after year, receive the training that will turn them into expert players. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Expert soccer players in World Cup and European youth teams tend to be born earlier in the year. What’s more, researchers find that expert performances are made by deliberate practice rather than talent. It is explained by youth sports’ age-group cut-off that lets early-born players get more training and become experts. 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章指出世界杯和欧洲青年队足球运动员多出生在年初，并通过研究得出“熟能生巧”、天赋被高估的结论，还结合青年体育的年龄分组规则解释了该现象。 【详解】1. 要点摘录 ①expert soccer players are more likely to have been born earlier in the year than later. ②But what they really lack is the will to succeed and to put in the deliberate practice that would make them better. ③He may be mistaking maturity for ability but once chosen, those January-born players are the ones who, year after year, receive the training that will turn them into expert players. 2.缜密构思 第1个要点进行重组，将第2、3两个要点进行整合 3. 遣词造句 ①Expert soccer players are more likely to be born earlier in the year, which is more noticeable in European national youth teams. ②Researchers conclude expert performances are made by practice, not born, and talent is overrated. ③Youth sports are organized by age group with a cut-off date, so early-born players are more likely to be selected and get more training, which explains the birth tendency. 【点睛】【高分句型1】 Researchers find that expert performances are made by deliberate practice rather than talent.(用that引导宾语从句衔接逻辑，补充研究发现内容，精准概括核心现象与结论) 【高分句型2】It is explained by youth sports’ age-group cut-off that lets early-born players get more training and become experts.(用that引导限制性定语从句，衔接现象与原因，句式高级，逻辑连贯) V. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 在他看来，值得投资的是体验，而不是物品。（worth）(汉译英） 【答案】In his view, it is experience, not goods, that is worth investing in. 【解析】 【分析】 【详解】考查强调句、固定短语、名词、动词等。表达“在他看来”应使用固定搭配in his view，与主句用逗号隔开；表达“值得做某事”应使用固定短语be worth doing；表达“投资…”应使用动词短语invest in；表达“体验”应使用不可数名词experience；表达“物品”应使用名词goods。分析句子可知，应使用一般现在时，主句可使用强调句（It is+强调部分+that+其余成分），强调“体验”。句子首字母大写。故翻译为In his view, it is experience, not goods, that is worth investing in. 53. 事实证据越具体，论点就越有说服力。（The more ...）(汉译英) ________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The more specific the factual evidence is, the more persuasive the argument will be. 【解析】 【详解】考查比较状语从句和形容词用法。表示“越……就越……”用固定结构“The more+形容词/副词，the more+形容词/副词”。表示“事实证据”用factual evidence，“具体的”用形容词specific，从句为主系表结构，即the more specific the factual evidence is；表示“论点”用argument，“有说服力的”用形容词persuasive，主句用the more persuasive the argument will be。故翻译为：The more specific the factual evidence is, the more persuasive the argument will be. 54. 这个应用程序的开发者没有将用户的实际需求考虑在内，因此很快就无人问津了。(account) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The developers of this application failed to take into account the actual needs of users, so it soon fell out of favor. 【解析】 【详解】考查动词短语、名词、形容词和副词。整个句子可处理为并列复合句，“因此”可用并列连词so，连接前后两个句子，句子时态宜用一般过去时，描述过去发生的事；第一句中主语“这个应用程序的开发者”可用名词短语the developers of this application，“没有做某事”可用动词短语fail to do，“将……考虑在内”可用动词短语take sth. into account，“用户的实际需求”可用名词短语the actual needs of users；第二句中隐含的主语是“这个应用程序”，可用代词it进行指代，时间状语“很快”可用副词soon，“无人问津”可理解为“失去喜爱或支持”，可用动词短语fall out of favor。故可译为：The developers of this application failed to take into account the actual needs of users, so it soon fell out of favor. 55. 借着汽车产业的发展势头，这家公司不断拓展国内外市场，但困扰也随之显现。(with which) (汉译英) 【答案】Taking advantage of the development of the automobile industry, the company continues to expand its domestic and overseas market, with which come problems. 【解析】 【详解】考查固定短语、名词、动词和定语从句等。根据汉语句意可知，“借着汽车产业的发展势头”可处理为分词短语作状语；“这家公司不断拓展国内外市场”可作为主句；“但困扰也随之显现”可处理为with which引导的定语从句。表示“借着”可用take advantage of；表示“汽车产业的发展势头”可用the development of the automobile industry；表示“这家公司”可用the company；表示“不断拓展”可用continue to expand；表示“国内外市场”可用domestic and overseas market；表示“困扰也随之显现”可用with which come problems，定语从句为的全部倒装句。整句串起来则为“Taking advantage of the development of the automobile industry, the company continues to expand its domestic and overseas market, with which come problems.”。故翻译为Taking advantage of the development of the automobile industry, the company continues to expand its domestic and overseas market, with which come problems.。 VI. Guided Writing 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假如你是明启中学的高三学生李华，你的朋友Jack邀请你一同制定毕业后的暑假计划，请从他提供的计划清单中选择你所心仪的一个。给他写封邮件，内容需包含： 1.你的选择 2.你的理由及如何执行该计划 ①参加山区支教志愿服务 ②去祖国各地走走 ③学习技能，如驾驶、乐器演奏、视频剪辑等 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Dear jack, I’m more than glad to hear from you. Yes, like you said, I have been longing for the upcoming summer vacation after the College Entrance Examination, during which I can do a lot of amazing things. This three - month vacation will undoubtedly be my longest holiday ever. Therefore, I’d like to make it as meaningful as possible. Firstly, I’ll take a part-time job to earn some money to cover part of my college tuition. In the meanwhile, I can meet many interesting people and learn about society. Besides, I’m planning to enroll in a driving course and try to get my driver’s license as driving will be an important and necessary skill in modern society. If time permits, I’m going to learn some Musical Instruments, which is something I’ve always wanted to do. I have a strong interest in guitar, so I want to learn how to play guitar, which can enrich my hobby. I practice in my spare time in the evening, so that I can enjoy the peace of the guitar melody. Best wishes! Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生对于你的朋友Jack邀请你一同制定毕业后的暑假计划这一情况，请从他提供的计划清单中选择你所心仪的一个，写封邮件给他。 【详解】1.词汇积累 高兴的：glad→ happy 与此同时：In the meanwhile → At the same time 此外：Besides→ What’s more 重要的：important→ vital 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Firstly, I’ll take a part-time job to earn some money to cover part of my college tuition. 拓展句：Firstly, I’ll take a part-time job to earn some money, which can cover part of my college tuition. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Yes, like you said, I have been longing for the upcoming summer vacation after the College Entrance Examination, during which I can do a lot of amazing things.（运用了介词during +which引导的非限制性定语从句） 【高分句型2】I practice in my spare time in the evening, so that I can enjoy the peace of the guitar melody.（运用了so that引导的目的状语从句） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $