抢分02 科普知识（热点时文）（抢分专练）（上海专用）2026年中考英语终极冲刺讲练测

抢分02 科普知识（热点时文） 热点导读 热点集训 选词填空 Passage 1 介绍核能的危害源于核辐射，核辐射无法被人体感官感知，会损伤细胞、引发癌症，危害具有隐蔽性与长期性 Passage 2 介绍 “超级老人” 的记忆力特点，说明社交对保护大脑、维持记忆力的作用，指出成为超级老人的核心原因是基因与生物学因素 阅读理解 Passage 1 介绍世界遗产的定义、分类，列举知名遗产地，说明中国世界遗产数量全球第一及分布情况 Passage 2 讲述喜马拉雅山脉传说生物 “雪人” 的外形、相关故事、历史记载与疑似脚印，揭秘雪人之谜 Passage 3 解析水果呈现不同颜色的秘密，说明色素、生长环境、动物对水果颜色进化的影响 完形填空 Passage 1 以太空小鼠视角，讲述其入选、训练、搭乘神舟 21 号进入天宫空间站的过程，及此次科研任务的意义 首字母填空 Passage 1 解释冬天呼气出现白色 “烟雾”、夏天无此现象的物理原理，说明温度差异对水蒸气凝结的影响 阅读回答问题 Passage 1 对比电动汽车与氢燃料电池汽车的优劣势、行业争议，探讨未来主流环保车型 Passage 2 介绍亚特兰蒂斯的传说，讲述迈克尔借助电脑程序寻找该古城遗址的过程，及专家对其研究的不同看法 一、选词填空 Passage 1 （25-26九年级下·上海世外中学·月考）Complete the following passage with the words or phrases in the box. Each can be used only once (将下列单词或词组填入空格。每空格限填一词，每词只能填一次) A．harmless  B．senses  C． For example  D．After all  E. described Nuclear power’s (核能的) danger to health, safety, and even life itself can be 1 in one word: radiation (辐射). Nuclear radiation has a certain mystery about it, partly because it cannot be detected by human 2 . It can’t be seen or heard, or touched or tasted, even though it may be all around us. There are other things like that. 3 , radio waves are all around us but we can’t detect or sense them without a radio receiver. Similarly, we can’t sense radioactivity without a radiation detector. But unlike common radio waves, nuclear radiation is not 4 to human beings and other living things. A．unusual  B．even  C． knowledge  D．in trouble  E. fine At very high levels, radiation can kill an animal or human being outright by killing masses of cells in important organs (器官). But 5 the lowest levels can do serious damage. There is no level of radiation that is completely safe. If the radiation does not hit anything important, the damage may not be significant. This is the case when only a few cells are hit, and if they are killed outright, your body will replace the dead cells with healthy ones. But if the few cells are only damaged, and if they reproduce themselves, you may be 6 . They reproduce themselves in a/an 7 way. They can grow into cancer. Sometimes this does not show up for many years. This is another reason for some of the mystery about nuclear radiation. Serious damage can be done without the 8 of the person at the time when damage has occurred. A person can be irradiated (被辐射) and feel fine, then die of cancer five, ten or twenty years later as a result. Or a child can be born weak or easy to get serious illness as a result of radiation absorbed by its grandparents. Passage 2 （2026·上海松江·一模） A．exercise  B．dramatic  C． damage  D．younger  E. surprise Super-agers are special people. They are 80 years old or older, but they have amazing memories. Their ability to remember things is like those 20 to 30 years 1 . Super-agers are very different from each other. They don’t all eat the same food or do the same 2 . But scientists found one thing they all share. They think social relationships are very important. Most super-agers are also outgoing people who like being with others. This discovery isn’t a big 3 for brain scientists. People who spend time with others are more protected from memory problems as they get older. They also have bigger brains. Scientists think socializing helps protect the brain. When people are lonely, their body makes stress hormones (应激激素). If stress hormones stay high for a long time, they can cause swelling (肿胀) in the brain. This can 4 brains and cause memory loss. A．essential  B．positive  C． completely  D．mainly  E. work out Almost all 80-year-olds may have brain disease, but super-agers have very little. Scientists who study healthy 100-year-olds say they are also outgoing and have a/an 5 attitude about life. However, there is still a question. Do people socialize more because they have good memories? Or does socializing give people better memories? Scientists are still trying to 6 the answer. Scientists believe that genetics (遗传学) and biology are the 7 reasons for becoming a super-ager. Although being social helps protect the brain, you probably can’t become a super-ager just by spending more time with people. The amazing memory ability seems to come 8 from the genes you are born with. 二、阅读理解 Passage 1 （2026·上海松江·一模）Treasures of the World There are over 1,100 World Heritage (遗产) Sites across 167 countries! Some are like open history books, while others are natural museums. Let’s explore them together! Q1: What is a World Heritage Site? A World Heritage Site is a special place chosen by UNESCO (the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization). These sites are like treasures of Earth and are divided into the following types: ·Cultural Sites: Places with important buildings, art or traditions. ·Natural Sites: Unique ecosystems or landscapes. ·Mixed Sites: A combination (结合) of cultural and natural elements. Q2: What are some amazing World Heritage Sites? These places have incredible features! ·Cairo (Egypt): The Pyramids show ancient engineering skills. ·Vatnajökull (Iceland): There are 10 volcanoes (火山) in its National Park! ·Costa Verde (Brazil): Paraty and Ilha Grande includes a historic town with walls painted in traditional white paint and a nearby rainforest that is home to jaguars (美洲虎)! Q3: With 60 World Heritage Sites, China ranks first in the world! The distribution of these sites covers most provinces, and many of the sites are in top areas including Beijing (8), Sichuan (6), Yunnan (6) and Henan (6). And the other provinces have about 34 sites in total. The Great Wall is one of the most famous cultural heritage sites among them. 1．According to UNESCO, World Heritage Sites are divided into ________ types. A．3 B．6 C．60 D．1100 2．Which of the following sites is a mixed site? A．The Pyramids. B．The Great Wall. C．Paraty and Ilha Grande. D．Vatnajökull National Park. 3．The ________ region has the most natural sites in the world. A．Arab States B．Asia and the Pacific C．Europe and North America D．Latin America and the Caribbean 4．The underlined word “distribution” most probably means ________. A．the system of transporting and delivering goods B．the act of giving something to a number of people C．the process of gathering things from different places D．the way that something exists in different places 5．Which of the following sentences is the best to be filled in the blank ________? A．Where is the Great Wall located in China? B．How well does China protect its heritage sites? C．How many World Heritage Sites does China have? D．Why does China have the most World Heritage Sites? 6．What’s the purpose of the article? A．To introduce World Heritage Sites. B．To show the rich resources of UNESCO. C．To ask readers to protect World Heritage Sites. D．To encourage people to visit World Heritage Sites. Passage 2 (25-26九下·上海上宝中学·月考)The yeti is a creature (生物) from old mountain stories. It is said to live in the Himalaya Mountains. Some people believe the yeti exists (存在). The yeti walks on two legs like a person. But it is much taller and has thick hair all over its body. Some people think it might be a kind of ancient ape that no longer lives today. The yeti shows up in many stories from the people who live in the Himalayas. In some stories for children, the yeti is scary and wild. These stories tell kids to stay far away from wild animals. But in other stories, the yeti is kind and helpful. One story tells about a yeti who brings food and water to a holy (神圣的) man living in a cave. In another tale, a group of yetis take care of a special place for Buddhist people. In the year 326 BC, a man named Alexander the Great heard about the yeti while traveling through Kashmir. He wanted to see one, but the people told him it was not possible. They said the yetis lived too high up in the cold mountains. A long time later, in 1951, two men from Britain named Eric Shipton and Michael Ward found something strange. They were climbing Mount Qomolangma when they saw big footprints in the snow. Shipton took pictures of the prints. In one photo, an ice pick was placed next to the print to show its large size. The footprint looked like a human foot, but it was much bigger and had a strange shape. Many people have searched for the yeti since then. Some found more footprints. But most experts now think the prints were made by bears. Still, many people enjoy the stories and believe the yeti might be real. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 1．What is the yeti described as in the first paragraph? A．A small creature with thin hair. B．An ancient ape that still lives today. C．A friendly animal that lives in forests. D．A tall creature with thick hair and two legs. 2．What does the second paragraph want to show? A．People in the Himalayas are afraid of the yeti. B．People in the Himalayas just made up the stories of the yeti. C．People in the Himalayas hold different ideas about the yeti. D．People in the Himalayas consider the yeti as a danger to their daily lives. 3．What can we infer about Alexander the Great? A．He was the first person to find the yeti. B．He believed in the existence of the yeti. C．He was told the yeti lived in warm areas. D．He climbed Mount Qomolangma in 326 BC． 4．What is the main idea of the fourth paragraph? A．Two men found some pictures of the yeti near a cave. B．A group of yetis lived at the top of Mount Qomolangma. C．Two British men climbed Mount Qomolangma successfully. D．Two men from Britain discovered some signs about the yeti. 5．What’s the best title of the text? A．The Mystery of the Yeti B．The Stories of Alexander the Great C．The History of the Himalaya Mountains D．The Life of the People in the Himalayas Passage 3 (25-26九下·河南实验中学·一模)From red apples and yellow lemons to blueberries and green melons, fruits come in different colors. Why do different kinds of fruits have so many colors? According to an expert from the Chinese Academy of Sciences, fruit colors actually come from their different pigments (色素), such as red or yellow carotenoids and blue or purple anthocyanins. These pigments appear in different amounts, depending on the fruit’s environment. This causes the fruit to turn a certain color. To find out how the environment affects fruit colors, Chinese scientists studied a lot of different fruit colors, including white, red, blue, purple and black. They found that red fruits tend to grow in cooler places. And instead of just growing in one place, you can find them growing in many places around the world. Blue and purple fruits mostly grow in warm places. The fruits tend to grow a lot in just one specific area. The scientists also found that the closer the fruit is to the equator, the darker its color will be. Animals also have an impact on the evolution of fruit colors. Animals eat fruits and drop the seeds in other places later. This helps the fruits spread and grow in different places. Therefore, in order to attract animals, some fruits develop colors that are easy for animals to see. However, animals see colors in a different way. Fruits need to develop colors that are suited to animals’ visual ability. For example, birds can see red more easily than humans can. Therefore, there will be more red fruits in areas where birds live. The lemurs (狐猴) of Madagascar are red-green color-blind. Most yellow fruits can be found in their habitats, as they can easily see this color. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 1．Where do fruit colors come from according to the expert from the Chinese Academy of Sciences? A．Different kinds of fruits B．Different pigments in fruits C．Different growing environments D．Different animals eating fruits 2．What does Paragraph 4 mainly tell us? A．The colors of fruits change as the environment changes. B．The colors of blue and purple fruits near the equator are darker than in other places. C．There are different kinds of fruits in different places. D．It’s good to eat fruits of different colors. 3．What does the underlined word “evolution” mean in the fifth paragraph? A．The plan that can make something go on. B．The way that makes something else better. C．The gradual development that suits changes. D．The place where animals or plants can grow fast. 4．What do we know from the passage? A．Cool places are better for blue and purple fruits. B．Carotenoids are blue or purple. C．Some fruits develop colors to attract animals. D．Lemurs like yellow fruits better than red fruits. 5．What is the best title for the passage? A．The use of different colors of fruits B．The secrets behind colors of fruits C．Animals and the colors of fruits D．Environment and the colors of fruits 三、完形填空 （2026·上海金山·一模）Dear friends, I am writing from China’s Tiangong Space Station, 400 kilometers above Earth! I share my tiny “apartment” with three other mice. Six Chinese astronauts are taking care of us. Last night, we 1 the Shenzhou-21 spacecraft with three of them. The trip took just over three hours and was very smooth. For humans, this is already a familiar journey, but for us mice, it’s a historic first! We are the first mammals (哺乳动物) to live in the Chinese space station. Reaching space was not easy. We were not born “space mice.” We were chosen from 300 1 after more than 60 days of tough training. The training tests were extremely difficult. I will tell you about two of them. First, we had to stand on a fast-spinning (旋转) rod. I held on tightly with my front paws (爪子) and kept moving my back legs to avoid 2 . My paws hurt badly, but I managed to last for 115 seconds, which was an excellent result. Then, the best-performing mice were placed in a small chamber and spun rapidly in different directions-first for 30 seconds, then longer. Every time I came out, I felt dizzy (眩晕) and the world seemed to spin. 3 , I had to walk on a narrow balance beam without falling, and I succeeded. Now that I’m here in Tiangong, I want to make every moment 4 . We will stay for about one week before returning to Earth. After that, scientists will study the changes in our bodies. Their research will help everyone better understand the 5 of life in space. Here’s to our great adventure among the stars! 1．A．left B．repaired C．entered D．followed 2．A．mice B．groups C．friends D．passengers 3．A．sleeping B．crying C．calming down D．falling off 4．A．Instead B．Immediately C．Luckily D．Nowadays 5．A．boring B．comfortable C．meaningful D．strange 6．A．colors B．effects C．length D．temperature 四、短文填空 (25-26九下·上海西初级中学·阶段测试)Why Does Our Breath “Smoke” in Winter? Every winter, when we breathe out, we can see a puff of white “smoke”. But in summer, no matter how hard we breathe out, we can never see it. This white “smoke” is not water vapor (水蒸气), and it’s definitely not magic. It’s tiny ice crystals (冰晶) or small water droplets (水滴) made from the water vapor in the air. To understand this p 1 , we first need to remember a small fact: the air we breathe out has a lot of water vapor in it. It’s just like the wet air floating in the bathroom after a shower—we can’t see it normally, but it “shows up” when the temperature c 2 . In winter, the outdoor temperature is very low (for example, below 0℃). Our warm breath (it’s about 37℃, almost the same as our body temperature) hits the cold air. It’s just like pouring hot soup into ice water—it c 3 down in a second. Water vapor “groups together” when it gets cold. If the temperature drops quickly to above 0°C, the water vapor turns into tiny water droplets. When these small droplets gather, they f 1 the white “smoke” we see. If the temperature is below 0℃, the water vapor turns d 2 into even smaller ice crystals. It still looks like a white puff, but it’s actually made of small ice pieces. In summer, the temperature is high, so there’s no cold air. The water vapor can’t turn into droplets or ice, so we n 3 can’t see the “smoke”. But there’s a small exception: in winter, if you’re in a warm room with a heater, it’s also hard to see the “smoke” when you breathe out. That’s because the i 4 temperature is high, and the difference between the indoor temperature and your breath is small. The water vapor doesn’t get a chance to “group together”. This interesting phenomenon only happens when the temperature difference between indoors and outdoors is large, or when it’s cold enough outside. Next time you see your “smoky” breath in winter, try walking fast for a few steps. You’ll find that the “smoke” seems to get more! That’s because when you exercise, you breathe faster, and you breathe out more water vapor. 五、任务型阅读 (25-26九下·上海西初级中学·阶段测试)Have you ever been to a big city that uses plenty of electric cars instead of traditional gas-powered cars? The difference is quite obvious. For example, you can chat on the sidewalk without raising your voice over traffic noise or feeling uncomfortable from car smoke. We are starting to use less fossil fuels. The more a society stops using internal combustion engines (内燃机), the better it improves locals’ lives by reducing air and noise pollution. Burning less fossil fuel means less carbon is released into the air, which helps slow down human-caused climate change. Now, the big question is: what kind of vehicle will become the car of the future? There are two main types of clean cars competing to be the best: electric vehicles (EVs) and hydrogen fuel-cell vehicles (FCVs). Electric vehicles run on rechargeable (可再充电的) lithium-ion batteries. Hydrogen fuel-cell vehicles depend on the hydrogen stored in a tank (储氢罐) and transform it into electricity. Both types of cars run quietly and produce almost no harmful waste gases. Which one is better? That’s still being debated. EVs are cheaper and more convenient due to their supportive infrastructure (基础设施). FCVs can travel farther, and their hydrogen tanks can be refilled much faster than EV batteries can be recharged. However, both have big challenges. Making EV batteries requires a lot of energy, often from fossil fuels, and recycling old batteries is still difficult. For hydrogen cars, producing and storing hydrogen is expensive and consumes a lot of energy. Car companies have different views about which technology is better. Spokespeople for Toyota, Hyundai, and BMW have claimed that hydrogen has superior long-term potential in many areas and could even replace both traditional cars and EVs. However, the CEOs of Tesla and Volkswagen have publicly criticized the idea of using hydrogen in cars. Tesla’s Elon Musk has gone so far as to call fuel cells “fool cells.” So, will either one really work? It’s still hard to tell which type of car will rule the roads in the future. But most people hope at least one will become the new standard. Many of us will be glad to see the noise and air pollution from traditional cars become a thing of the past. 1．Why does the writer mention the example in Para. 1? 2．What does the underlined word “consumes” in Paragraph 4 mean? 3．What good does not using internal combustion engines do to our society? 4．What are the two main competing types of clean cars? 5．What do these two types of clean cars have in common? 6．What can be the best title for the passage? Give your reason. （2026·上海长宁·一模）Atlantis is an ancient city lying beneath the waves of the sea. Does this sound like a fairy tale to you? Many people have tried but failed to find it. Michael from Germany thought he had. Let us learn some more about this city. How did we first learn about Atlantis? The Greek philosopher Plato mentioned Atlantis in great detail in some of his writings. He said that Atlantis was a city built on an island around 9000 years before his time. This city disappeared suddenly because of earthquakes and floods. Plato also gave 51 clues to the location of this city. Was Atlantis under the sea? Many explorers had been looking under the sea because of what Plato wrote about it. Michael came up with the idea that Atlantis was not at the bottom of the ocean. He thought that Atlantis had been destroyed by a tsunami wave. That meant that it had been covered by water, but only for a short time. The strong force of the wave would have caused the end of the great city.________? Michael decided to look at all of Plato’s clues again. He used a computer program to enter all the information Plato wrote about, including the distance from Athens. The computer program would then search the world map for a place that matched all the clues. In this way Michael was able to find the place that he thought Atlantis might have been. Where did Michael think Atlantis had been? The computer program pointed to a place called the Souss-Massa plain on the Moroccan coast in Africa. Michael immediately boarded a plane and went to look for himself. When he got there, he was surprised to see many things that matched Plato’s description. Even though Michael believed he had found the site of Atlantis, many experts disagreed. Some scholars have suggested that Plato might have been writing about the neighbouring island destroyed by a volcanic eruption in 1600 BC． Others feel he made up the story and based it on old legends. Either way, Michael believed Plato. He used his time and energy to prove to himself that Atlantis existed. 1．Many people have managed to find Atlantis, haven’t they? 2．Why did Atlantis disappear according to Plato? 3．What was Michael’s idea about Atlantis? 4．What question is probably asked in this blank? 5．Why didn’t many experts believe Plato? 6．Do you think Michael’s research method is scientific? Tell your reason (s). 2 / 19 1 / 19 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 抢分02 科普知识（热点时文） 热点导读 热点集训 选词填空 Passage 1 介绍核能的危害源于核辐射，核辐射无法被人体感官感知，会损伤细胞、引发癌症，危害具有隐蔽性与长期性 Passage 2 介绍 “超级老人” 的记忆力特点，说明社交对保护大脑、维持记忆力的作用，指出成为超级老人的核心原因是基因与生物学因素 阅读理解 Passage 1 介绍世界遗产的定义、分类，列举知名遗产地，说明中国世界遗产数量全球第一及分布情况 Passage 2 讲述喜马拉雅山脉传说生物 “雪人” 的外形、相关故事、历史记载与疑似脚印，揭秘雪人之谜 Passage 3 解析水果呈现不同颜色的秘密，说明色素、生长环境、动物对水果颜色进化的影响 完形填空 Passage 1 以太空小鼠视角，讲述其入选、训练、搭乘神舟 21 号进入天宫空间站的过程，及此次科研任务的意义 首字母填空 Passage 1 解释冬天呼气出现白色 “烟雾”、夏天无此现象的物理原理，说明温度差异对水蒸气凝结的影响 阅读回答问题 Passage 1 对比电动汽车与氢燃料电池汽车的优劣势、行业争议，探讨未来主流环保车型 Passage 2 介绍亚特兰蒂斯的传说，讲述迈克尔借助电脑程序寻找该古城遗址的过程，及专家对其研究的不同看法 一、选词填空 Passage 1 （25-26九年级下·上海世外中学·月考）Complete the following passage with the words or phrases in the box. Each can be used only once (将下列单词或词组填入空格。每空格限填一词，每词只能填一次) A．harmless  B．senses  C． For example  D．After all  E. described Nuclear power’s (核能的) danger to health, safety, and even life itself can be 1 in one word: radiation (辐射). Nuclear radiation has a certain mystery about it, partly because it cannot be detected by human 2 . It can’t be seen or heard, or touched or tasted, even though it may be all around us. There are other things like that. 3 , radio waves are all around us but we can’t detect or sense them without a radio receiver. Similarly, we can’t sense radioactivity without a radiation detector. But unlike common radio waves, nuclear radiation is not 4 to human beings and other living things. A．unusual  B．even  C． knowledge  D．in trouble  E. fine At very high levels, radiation can kill an animal or human being outright by killing masses of cells in important organs (器官). But 5 the lowest levels can do serious damage. There is no level of radiation that is completely safe. If the radiation does not hit anything important, the damage may not be significant. This is the case when only a few cells are hit, and if they are killed outright, your body will replace the dead cells with healthy ones. But if the few cells are only damaged, and if they reproduce themselves, you may be 6 . They reproduce themselves in a/an 7 way. They can grow into cancer. Sometimes this does not show up for many years. This is another reason for some of the mystery about nuclear radiation. Serious damage can be done without the 8 of the person at the time when damage has occurred. A person can be irradiated (被辐射) and feel fine, then die of cancer five, ten or twenty years later as a result. Or a child can be born weak or easy to get serious illness as a result of radiation absorbed by its grandparents. 【答案】1．E 2．B 3．C 4．A 5．B 6．D 7．A 8．C 【导语】本文介绍核能的真正危害是核辐射，它无法被人体直接感知，却会损害细胞、引发癌症，危害长期且隐蔽。 1．句意：核能对健康、安全甚至生命本身的危险可以用一个词来描述：辐射。“can be”后需要过去分词构成被动语态，上文提到核能的危险，下文给出“辐射”这个词，described“描述”，符合语境。 2．句意：核辐射具有一定的神秘性，部分原因是它无法被人类的感官探测到。“human”后需要名词，下文提到看不见、听不到、摸不到，这些都属于人体的感官功能，senses“感官”，与此对应。 3．句意：还有其他类似的东西。例如，无线电波就在我们周围。上文提出有其他类似的事物，下文开始举无线电波的例子，For example“例如”，用于引出具体事例。 4．句意：但与普通无线电波不同，核辐射对人类和其他生物并非无害的。“is not”后需要形容词，前文将核辐射与无线电波作对比，说明核辐射是有危险的，harmless“无害的”，符合这种对比的逻辑。 5．句意：但即使是最低强度的辐射也会造成严重损害。此处需要副词修饰最低强度的辐射，强调程度，上文说高剂量辐射能直接致死，这里进一步说明低剂量也有危害，even“甚至”，起到加强语气的作用。 6．句意：但如果这少数细胞只是受损并自我复制，你可能就会陷入麻烦。“be”后需要表语，下文提到受损细胞会发展成癌症，这是危险的情况，in trouble“陷入麻烦”，符合这种危险的语境。 7．句意：它们以一种不寻常的方式自我复制。“way”前需要形容词，下文说这些细胞会发展成癌症，说明复制方式是不正常的，unusual“不寻常的”，符合细胞异常复制的语境。 8．句意：在损害发生时，当事人可能在没有察觉的情况下受到严重伤害。“the”后需要名词，下文提到人受辐射后当时感觉良好，多年后才发病，说明当时没有意识到受到伤害，knowledge“知道，察觉”，符合语境。 Passage 2 （2026·上海松江·一模） A．exercise  B．dramatic  C． damage  D．younger  E. surprise Super-agers are special people. They are 80 years old or older, but they have amazing memories. Their ability to remember things is like those 20 to 30 years 1 . Super-agers are very different from each other. They don’t all eat the same food or do the same 2 . But scientists found one thing they all share. They think social relationships are very important. Most super-agers are also outgoing people who like being with others. This discovery isn’t a big 3 for brain scientists. People who spend time with others are more protected from memory problems as they get older. They also have bigger brains. Scientists think socializing helps protect the brain. When people are lonely, their body makes stress hormones (应激激素). If stress hormones stay high for a long time, they can cause swelling (肿胀) in the brain. This can 4 brains and cause memory loss. A．essential  B．positive  C． completely  D．mainly  E. work out Almost all 80-year-olds may have brain disease, but super-agers have very little. Scientists who study healthy 100-year-olds say they are also outgoing and have a/an 5 attitude about life. However, there is still a question. Do people socialize more because they have good memories? Or does socializing give people better memories? Scientists are still trying to 6 the answer. Scientists believe that genetics (遗传学) and biology are the 7 reasons for becoming a super-ager. Although being social helps protect the brain, you probably can’t become a super-ager just by spending more time with people. The amazing memory ability seems to come 8 from the genes you are born with. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．E 4．C 5．B 6．E 7．A 8．C 【导语】本文介绍了“超级老人”的特点、科学家对其记忆力的研究发现，以及社交、遗传学等因素对记忆力的影响。 1．句意：他们的记忆力和比他们年轻20到30岁的那些人一样。根据“those 20 to 30 years”可知，是指更年轻20到30岁的那些人，备选词younger“更年轻的”符合语境。故选D。 2．句意：他们并非都吃同样的食物或做同样的锻炼。根据“do the same”及备选词可知，是指做同样的锻炼，用名词exercise“锻炼”，作宾语。故选A。 3．句意：这个发现对脑科学家来说不是一个大的惊喜。根据“People who spend time with others are more protected from memory problems as they get older.”及备选词可知，是指这一发现并不是大的惊喜，a后跟名词单数surprise“惊喜”。故选E。 4．句意：这可能会损害大脑并导致记忆丧失。根据“cause memory loss”可知，是指损害大脑，can后跟动词原形damage“损害”。故选C。 5．句意：研究健康百岁老人的科学家们表示，他们也很外向，对生活有积极的态度。根据“attitude about life.”及备选词可知，是指对生活有积极的态度，用形容词positive“积极的”，作定语。故选B。 6．句意：科学家仍在努力找出答案。根据“the answer”可知，是指找出答案，work out“找出、解决”，不定式符号to后跟动词原形。故选E。 7．句意：科学家认为遗传学和生物学是成为超级老人的重要原因。空处修饰名词reasons，需用形容词修饰，备选词essential“根本的，主要的”符合语境。故选A。 8．句意：这种惊人的记忆力似乎完全来自你与生俱来的基因。根据“Although being social helps protect the brain, you probably can’t become a super-ager just by spending more time with people.”可知，虽然社交有助于保护大脑，但你可能不能仅仅通过花更多时间与人相处就成为超级老人，由此可知，此处是强调惊人的记忆力似乎完全来自你与生俱来的基因，副词completely“完全地”符合语境。故选C。 二、阅读理解 Passage 1 （2026·上海松江·一模）Treasures of the World There are over 1,100 World Heritage (遗产) Sites across 167 countries! Some are like open history books, while others are natural museums. Let’s explore them together! Q1: What is a World Heritage Site? A World Heritage Site is a special place chosen by UNESCO (the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization). These sites are like treasures of Earth and are divided into the following types: ·Cultural Sites: Places with important buildings, art or traditions. ·Natural Sites: Unique ecosystems or landscapes. ·Mixed Sites: A combination (结合) of cultural and natural elements. Q2: What are some amazing World Heritage Sites? These places have incredible features! ·Cairo (Egypt): The Pyramids show ancient engineering skills. ·Vatnajökull (Iceland): There are 10 volcanoes (火山) in its National Park! ·Costa Verde (Brazil): Paraty and Ilha Grande includes a historic town with walls painted in traditional white paint and a nearby rainforest that is home to jaguars (美洲虎)! Q3: With 60 World Heritage Sites, China ranks first in the world! The distribution of these sites covers most provinces, and many of the sites are in top areas including Beijing (8), Sichuan (6), Yunnan (6) and Henan (6). And the other provinces have about 34 sites in total. The Great Wall is one of the most famous cultural heritage sites among them. 1．According to UNESCO, World Heritage Sites are divided into ________ types. A．3 B．6 C．60 D．1100 2．Which of the following sites is a mixed site? A．The Pyramids. B．The Great Wall. C．Paraty and Ilha Grande. D．Vatnajökull National Park. 3．The ________ region has the most natural sites in the world. A．Arab States B．Asia and the Pacific C．Europe and North America D．Latin America and the Caribbean 4．The underlined word “distribution” most probably means ________. A．the system of transporting and delivering goods B．the act of giving something to a number of people C．the process of gathering things from different places D．the way that something exists in different places 5．Which of the following sentences is the best to be filled in the blank ________? A．Where is the Great Wall located in China? B．How well does China protect its heritage sites? C．How many World Heritage Sites does China have? D．Why does China have the most World Heritage Sites? 6．What’s the purpose of the article? A．To introduce World Heritage Sites. B．To show the rich resources of UNESCO. C．To ask readers to protect World Heritage Sites. D．To encourage people to visit World Heritage Sites. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．D 5．C 6．A 【导语】本文介绍了世界遗产的定义、分类、全球各地区分布情况，以及中国的世界遗产数量与分布等内容。 1．细节理解题。根据“These sites are like treasures of Earth and are divided into the following types:・Cultural Sites…・Natural Sites…・Mixed Sites…”可知，世界遗产分为文化、自然、混合 3 类。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据“Mixed Sites: A combination of cultural and natural elements.”以及“Costa Verde (Brazil) : Paraty and Ilha Grande includes a historic town… and a nearby rainforest…” 可知，Paraty and Ilha Grande 既有文化元素 (历史城镇) 又有自然元素 (雨林)，属于混合遗产。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据柱状图“Number of World Heritage Sites by Region”可知，Asia and the Pacific (APA) 区域的自然遗产 (斜线标注部分) 数量最多。故选B。 4．词句猜测题。根据“covers most provinces, and many of the sites are in top areas including Beijing (8), Sichuan (6), Yunnan (6) and Henan (6)”可知，此处指中国世界遗产在不同省份的分布情况，“distribution”意为“ (事物在不同地方的) 分布”。故选D。 5．推理判断题。根据后文“With 60 World Heritage Sites, China ranks first in the world!…” 可知，该部分内容围绕中国的世界遗产数量展开。故选C。 6．主旨大意题。文章整体介绍了世界遗产的定义、分类、全球分布以及中国的世界遗产情况，因此写作目的是介绍世界遗产。故选A。 Passage 2 (25-26九下·上海上宝中学·月考)The yeti is a creature (生物) from old mountain stories. It is said to live in the Himalaya Mountains. Some people believe the yeti exists (存在). The yeti walks on two legs like a person. But it is much taller and has thick hair all over its body. Some people think it might be a kind of ancient ape that no longer lives today. The yeti shows up in many stories from the people who live in the Himalayas. In some stories for children, the yeti is scary and wild. These stories tell kids to stay far away from wild animals. But in other stories, the yeti is kind and helpful. One story tells about a yeti who brings food and water to a holy (神圣的) man living in a cave. In another tale, a group of yetis take care of a special place for Buddhist people. In the year 326 BC, a man named Alexander the Great heard about the yeti while traveling through Kashmir. He wanted to see one, but the people told him it was not possible. They said the yetis lived too high up in the cold mountains. A long time later, in 1951, two men from Britain named Eric Shipton and Michael Ward found something strange. They were climbing Mount Qomolangma when they saw big footprints in the snow. Shipton took pictures of the prints. In one photo, an ice pick was placed next to the print to show its large size. The footprint looked like a human foot, but it was much bigger and had a strange shape. Many people have searched for the yeti since then. Some found more footprints. But most experts now think the prints were made by bears. Still, many people enjoy the stories and believe the yeti might be real. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 1．What is the yeti described as in the first paragraph? A．A small creature with thin hair. B．An ancient ape that still lives today. C．A friendly animal that lives in forests. D．A tall creature with thick hair and two legs. 2．What does the second paragraph want to show? A．People in the Himalayas are afraid of the yeti. B．People in the Himalayas just made up the stories of the yeti. C．People in the Himalayas hold different ideas about the yeti. D．People in the Himalayas consider the yeti as a danger to their daily lives. 3．What can we infer about Alexander the Great? A．He was the first person to find the yeti. B．He believed in the existence of the yeti. C．He was told the yeti lived in warm areas. D．He climbed Mount Qomolangma in 326 BC． 4．What is the main idea of the fourth paragraph? A．Two men found some pictures of the yeti near a cave. B．A group of yetis lived at the top of Mount Qomolangma. C．Two British men climbed Mount Qomolangma successfully. D．Two men from Britain discovered some signs about the yeti. 5．What’s the best title of the text? A．The Mystery of the Yeti B．The Stories of Alexander the Great C．The History of the Himalaya Mountains D．The Life of the People in the Himalayas 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．D 5．A 【导语】本文主要介绍了喜马拉雅山脉传说中的生物“雪人”的外形、相关故事、历史记载与疑似脚印，讲述了雪人之谜的相关内容。 1．文章第1段“The yeti walks on two legs like a person. But it is much taller and has thick hair all over its body.”描述雪人是“高大、有浓密毛发、用两条腿行走的生物”。选项D与之完全匹配。 2．文章第2段“In some stories for children, the yeti is scary and wild...But in other stories, the yeti is kind and helpful.”通过对比不同故事，表明喜马拉雅山区的人们对雪人持有不同看法。选项C符合段落主旨。 3．文章第3段“He wanted to see one, but the people told him it was not possible.”表明亚历山大大帝相信雪人的存在，才会想要亲眼见到。选项B合理。 4．文章第4段“two men from Britain named Eric Shipton and Michael Ward found something strange...saw big footprints in the snow. Shipton took pictures of the prints.”表明第四段的核心是两个英国人发现了雪人的迹象。选项D概括准确。 5．全文围绕雪人的传说、故事、探索及未解之谜展开，核心是“雪人之谜”。选项A“The Mystery of the Yeti”最能概括全文主旨。 Passage 3 (25-26九下·河南实验中学·一模)From red apples and yellow lemons to blueberries and green melons, fruits come in different colors. Why do different kinds of fruits have so many colors? According to an expert from the Chinese Academy of Sciences, fruit colors actually come from their different pigments (色素), such as red or yellow carotenoids and blue or purple anthocyanins. These pigments appear in different amounts, depending on the fruit’s environment. This causes the fruit to turn a certain color. To find out how the environment affects fruit colors, Chinese scientists studied a lot of different fruit colors, including white, red, blue, purple and black. They found that red fruits tend to grow in cooler places. And instead of just growing in one place, you can find them growing in many places around the world. Blue and purple fruits mostly grow in warm places. The fruits tend to grow a lot in just one specific area. The scientists also found that the closer the fruit is to the equator, the darker its color will be. Animals also have an impact on the evolution of fruit colors. Animals eat fruits and drop the seeds in other places later. This helps the fruits spread and grow in different places. Therefore, in order to attract animals, some fruits develop colors that are easy for animals to see. However, animals see colors in a different way. Fruits need to develop colors that are suited to animals’ visual ability. For example, birds can see red more easily than humans can. Therefore, there will be more red fruits in areas where birds live. The lemurs (狐猴) of Madagascar are red-green color-blind. Most yellow fruits can be found in their habitats, as they can easily see this color. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 1．Where do fruit colors come from according to the expert from the Chinese Academy of Sciences? A．Different kinds of fruits B．Different pigments in fruits C．Different growing environments D．Different animals eating fruits 2．What does Paragraph 4 mainly tell us? A．The colors of fruits change as the environment changes. B．The colors of blue and purple fruits near the equator are darker than in other places. C．There are different kinds of fruits in different places. D．It’s good to eat fruits of different colors. 3．What does the underlined word “evolution” mean in the fifth paragraph? A．The plan that can make something go on. B．The way that makes something else better. C．The gradual development that suits changes. D．The place where animals or plants can grow fast. 4．What do we know from the passage? A．Cool places are better for blue and purple fruits. B．Carotenoids are blue or purple. C．Some fruits develop colors to attract animals. D．Lemurs like yellow fruits better than red fruits. 5．What is the best title for the passage? A．The use of different colors of fruits B．The secrets behind colors of fruits C．Animals and the colors of fruits D．Environment and the colors of fruits 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．C 5．B 【导语】本文是一篇关于水果颜色背后原因的说明文。文章介绍了水果颜色的来源、环境对水果颜色的影响以及动物在水果颜色进化中的作用。 1．根据文章第二段“According to an expert from the Chinese Academy of Sciences, fruit colors actually come from their different pigments (色素), such as red or yellow carotenoids and blue or purple anthocyanins.”可知，水果的颜色来自它们不同的色素。 2．根据文章第四段“They found that red fruits tend to grow in cooler places...The scientists also found that the closer the fruit is to the equator, the darker its color will be.”可知，该段主要讲述了水果的颜色会随着环境的变化而变化。 3．根据文章第五段“Animals also have an impact on the evolution of fruit colors. Animals eat fruits and drop the seeds in other places later. This helps the fruits spread and grow in different places. Therefore, in order to attract animals, some fruits develop colors that are easy for animals to see.”可知，动物对水果颜色的“evolution”有影响，动物吃水果并把种子带到其他地方，这有助于水果在不同地方传播和生长，为了吸引动物，一些水果会发展出动物容易看到的颜色，由此可推测“evolution”意为“适应变化的逐渐发展”。 4．根据文章第五段“Therefore, in order to attract animals, some fruits develop colors that are easy for animals to see.”可知，一些水果会发展出颜色来吸引动物。 5．根据文章第一段“Why do different kinds of fruits have so many colors?”以及全文内容可知，本文主要介绍了水果呈现不同颜色的秘密，包括色素、环境以及动物对水果颜色进化的影响等，所以“The secrets behind colors of fruits”是最佳标题。 三、完形填空 （2026·上海金山·一模）Dear friends, I am writing from China’s Tiangong Space Station, 400 kilometers above Earth! I share my tiny “apartment” with three other mice. Six Chinese astronauts are taking care of us. Last night, we 1 the Shenzhou-21 spacecraft with three of them. The trip took just over three hours and was very smooth. For humans, this is already a familiar journey, but for us mice, it’s a historic first! We are the first mammals (哺乳动物) to live in the Chinese space station. Reaching space was not easy. We were not born “space mice.” We were chosen from 300 1 after more than 60 days of tough training. The training tests were extremely difficult. I will tell you about two of them. First, we had to stand on a fast-spinning (旋转) rod. I held on tightly with my front paws (爪子) and kept moving my back legs to avoid 2 . My paws hurt badly, but I managed to last for 115 seconds, which was an excellent result. Then, the best-performing mice were placed in a small chamber and spun rapidly in different directions-first for 30 seconds, then longer. Every time I came out, I felt dizzy (眩晕) and the world seemed to spin. 3 , I had to walk on a narrow balance beam without falling, and I succeeded. Now that I’m here in Tiangong, I want to make every moment 4 . We will stay for about one week before returning to Earth. After that, scientists will study the changes in our bodies. Their research will help everyone better understand the 5 of life in space. Here’s to our great adventure among the stars! 1．A．left B．repaired C．entered D．followed 2．A．mice B．groups C．friends D．passengers 3．A．sleeping B．crying C．calming down D．falling off 4．A．Instead B．Immediately C．Luckily D．Nowadays 5．A．boring B．comfortable C．meaningful D．strange 6．A．colors B．effects C．length D．temperature 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．D 4．B 5．C 6．B 【导语】本文以一只太空小鼠的口吻，介绍了它与同伴从300只小鼠中经严格训练入选，搭乘神舟21号飞船进入天宫空间站的过程，以及在空间站的短期停留将为太空生命研究提供数据，助力人类探索太空生命的奥秘。 1．句意：昨晚，我们和其中三名宇航员一起进入了神舟21号飞船。 left离开；repaired修理；entered进入；followed跟随。根据下文“The trip took just over three hours and was very smooth.”可知，此处是指登上飞船开启太空之旅，“entered”符合语境。故选C。 2．句意：我们是从300只小鼠中，经过60多天的艰苦训练选拔出来的。 mice小鼠；groups组；friends朋友；passengers乘客。根据上文“I share my tiny ‘apartment’ with three other mice.”可知，此处是指选拔的对象是小鼠，“mice”符合语境。故选A。 3．句意：我用前爪紧紧抓住，不停移动后腿以避免掉下来。 sleeping睡觉；crying哭；calming down冷静；falling off掉落。根据上文“First, we had to stand on a fast-spinning rod.”可知，站在快速旋转的杆上，核心动作是“保持平衡、不坠落”，“falling off”符合训练场景。故选D。 4．句意：我必须立刻走上一根狭窄的平衡木，不能掉下来，我做到了。 Instead相反；Immediately立刻、马上；Luckily幸运地；Nowadays如今。根据上文“Every time I came out, I felt dizzy and the world seemed to spin.”和下文“I had to walk on a narrow balance beam without falling,”可知，上文提到 “从旋转舱出来后感到眩晕”，下文紧接着说 “要走平衡木”，两者动作衔接紧密、无时间间隔。“Immediately”恰好能体现这种动作连贯性，符合语境。故选B。 5．句意：既然我已经来到了天宫，我想让这里的每一刻都充满意义。 boring无聊的；comfortable舒适的；meaningful有意义的；strange奇怪的。根据下文“We will stay for about one week before returning to Earth. After that, scientists will study the changes in our bodies.”可知，停留一周后返回地球，科学家会研究“我们”身体的变化，说明小鼠的太空之旅肩负科研使命，“meaningful”符合语境。故选C。 6．句意：他们的研究将帮助所有人更好地理解太空生活的影响。 colors颜色；effects影响；length长度；temperature温度。根据上文“After that, scientists will study the changes in our bodies.”可知，研究小鼠身体的变化，目的是探究太空生活带来的影响，“effects”符合科研逻辑。故选B。 四、短文填空 (25-26九下·上海西初级中学·阶段测试)Why Does Our Breath “Smoke” in Winter? Every winter, when we breathe out, we can see a puff of white “smoke”. But in summer, no matter how hard we breathe out, we can never see it. This white “smoke” is not water vapor (水蒸气), and it’s definitely not magic. It’s tiny ice crystals (冰晶) or small water droplets (水滴) made from the water vapor in the air. To understand this p 1 , we first need to remember a small fact: the air we breathe out has a lot of water vapor in it. It’s just like the wet air floating in the bathroom after a shower—we can’t see it normally, but it “shows up” when the temperature c 2 . In winter, the outdoor temperature is very low (for example, below 0℃). Our warm breath (it’s about 37℃, almost the same as our body temperature) hits the cold air. It’s just like pouring hot soup into ice water—it c 3 down in a second. Water vapor “groups together” when it gets cold. If the temperature drops quickly to above 0°C, the water vapor turns into tiny water droplets. When these small droplets gather, they f 1 the white “smoke” we see. If the temperature is below 0℃, the water vapor turns d 2 into even smaller ice crystals. It still looks like a white puff, but it’s actually made of small ice pieces. In summer, the temperature is high, so there’s no cold air. The water vapor can’t turn into droplets or ice, so we n 3 can’t see the “smoke”. But there’s a small exception: in winter, if you’re in a warm room with a heater, it’s also hard to see the “smoke” when you breathe out. That’s because the i 4 temperature is high, and the difference between the indoor temperature and your breath is small. The water vapor doesn’t get a chance to “group together”. This interesting phenomenon only happens when the temperature difference between indoors and outdoors is large, or when it’s cold enough outside. Next time you see your “smoky” breath in winter, try walking fast for a few steps. You’ll find that the “smoke” seems to get more! That’s because when you exercise, you breathe faster, and you breathe out more water vapor. 【答案】1．process/rocess 2．changes/hanges 3．cools/ools 4．form/orm 5．directly/irectly 6．naturally/aturally 7．indoor/ndoor 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要解释了冬天呼出的气体为什么会呈现白色“烟雾”状，而夏天却看不到这一现象的科学原理，涉及水蒸气遇冷凝结的物理变化。 1．句意：要理解这一过程，我们首先需要记住一个小事实：我们呼出的空气中含有大量水蒸气。上文描述了冬天呼出“白烟”这一现象，下文开始解释其科学原理。空格前为“this”，后文为具体原理解释，指的是从呼出水蒸气到形成可见白雾的整个物理变化过程，首字母p对应process。 2．句意：我们通常看不到它，但当温度变化时，它就“出现了”。前文将呼出的水蒸气比作浴室里的潮湿空气，平时看不见，但遇到温度变化时会显现出来。结合下文对冬天冷空气使水蒸气凝结的描述，此处应表示温度“变化”；“when”引导时间状语从句，客观事实用一般现在时，且主语“the temperature”为第三人称单数，动词应用三单形式，首字母c对应changes。 3．句意：就像把热汤倒进冰水里——它瞬间就冷却下来。上文提到温暖的呼气和寒冷的外界空气相遇，此处用比喻说明温度迅速下降。“cool down”为固定搭配，意为“冷却”。破折号后为独立分句，主语“it”指代上文的“warm breath”，时态为一般现在时，动词应用三单形式，首字母c对应cools。 4．句意：当这些小水滴聚集在一起时，它们就形成了我们看到的白色“烟雾”。水蒸气先凝结成小水滴，小水滴聚集在一起“形成”了可见的白雾；句子时态为一般现在时，且主语为“they”，谓语动词应用原形，首字母f对应form。 5．句意：如果温度低于0°C，水蒸气就直接变成更小的冰晶。此处对比上文“温度骤降到0°C 以上时变成水滴”的情况，说明温度低于0°C 时，水蒸气“直接”变成冰晶，跳过液态阶段；动词“turns”后需副词修饰，首字母d对应directly。 6．句意：夏天温度高，没有冷空气，水蒸气无法变成水滴或冰晶，所以我们自然看不到“烟雾”。结合上下文，夏天由于气温高，缺乏凝结条件，看不到呼出的白烟是自然而然的结果；需用副词修饰“can’t see”，首字母n对应naturally，表示顺理成章、理所当然地看不到。 7．句意：那是因为室内温度很高，室内温度与呼出气体的温差很小。本段讨论例外情况——冬天在温暖的房间里也难看到“白烟”，原因是室内温度高，与呼出气体的温差小。此处与后文“indoor temperature”呼应，首字母i对应indoor。 五、任务型阅读 (25-26九下·上海西初级中学·阶段测试)Have you ever been to a big city that uses plenty of electric cars instead of traditional gas-powered cars? The difference is quite obvious. For example, you can chat on the sidewalk without raising your voice over traffic noise or feeling uncomfortable from car smoke. We are starting to use less fossil fuels. The more a society stops using internal combustion engines (内燃机), the better it improves locals’ lives by reducing air and noise pollution. Burning less fossil fuel means less carbon is released into the air, which helps slow down human-caused climate change. Now, the big question is: what kind of vehicle will become the car of the future? There are two main types of clean cars competing to be the best: electric vehicles (EVs) and hydrogen fuel-cell vehicles (FCVs). Electric vehicles run on rechargeable (可再充电的) lithium-ion batteries. Hydrogen fuel-cell vehicles depend on the hydrogen stored in a tank (储氢罐) and transform it into electricity. Both types of cars run quietly and produce almost no harmful waste gases. Which one is better? That’s still being debated. EVs are cheaper and more convenient due to their supportive infrastructure (基础设施). FCVs can travel farther, and their hydrogen tanks can be refilled much faster than EV batteries can be recharged. However, both have big challenges. Making EV batteries requires a lot of energy, often from fossil fuels, and recycling old batteries is still difficult. For hydrogen cars, producing and storing hydrogen is expensive and consumes a lot of energy. Car companies have different views about which technology is better. Spokespeople for Toyota, Hyundai, and BMW have claimed that hydrogen has superior long-term potential in many areas and could even replace both traditional cars and EVs. However, the CEOs of Tesla and Volkswagen have publicly criticized the idea of using hydrogen in cars. Tesla’s Elon Musk has gone so far as to call fuel cells “fool cells.” So, will either one really work? It’s still hard to tell which type of car will rule the roads in the future. But most people hope at least one will become the new standard. Many of us will be glad to see the noise and air pollution from traditional cars become a thing of the past. 1．Why does the writer mention the example in Para. 1? 2．What does the underlined word “consumes” in Paragraph 4 mean? 3．What good does not using internal combustion engines do to our society? 4．What are the two main competing types of clean cars? 5．What do these two types of clean cars have in common? 6．What can be the best title for the passage? Give your reason. 【答案】1． To show that electric cars are better than traditional gas-powered cars. 2．It means “uses”. 3．It reduces air and noise pollution and helps slow down climate change. 4．Electric vehicles (EVs) and hydrogen fuel-cell vehicles (FCVs). 5．They run quietly and produce almost no harmful waste gases. 6．The Cars of the Future. The passage mainly talks about two kinds of clean cars and discusses which one will be the car of the future. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要探讨了电动汽车和氢燃料电池汽车这两种清洁能源汽车各自的优劣势和面临的挑战，并指出目前尚无法确定哪种车型会成为未来主流，但人们都期待环保汽车能取代传统燃油车，消除噪音与空气污染。 1．第一段举例前，作者提到电动汽车和传统燃油车的区别显著，通过举例说明前者具有明显优势。 2．第四段最后一句句意是“氢燃料电池汽车制氢和储氢成本高，还会消耗大量能源”，consumes 在此处意为“使用、消耗”。 3．第二段中“The more a society stops using internal combustion engines (内燃机), the better...by reducing air and noise pollution. ...slow down human-caused climate change.”提取原文信息即可。 4．第三段第二句话介绍了两种主流环保汽车，提取原文信息即可。 5．第三段中“Both types of cars run quietly and produce almost no harmful waste gases. ”提取原文信息即可。 6．本文通篇介绍了两种环保汽车的特点，并探讨了哪种车型会成为未来主流。 （2026·上海长宁·一模）Atlantis is an ancient city lying beneath the waves of the sea. Does this sound like a fairy tale to you? Many people have tried but failed to find it. Michael from Germany thought he had. Let us learn some more about this city. How did we first learn about Atlantis? The Greek philosopher Plato mentioned Atlantis in great detail in some of his writings. He said that Atlantis was a city built on an island around 9000 years before his time. This city disappeared suddenly because of earthquakes and floods. Plato also gave 51 clues to the location of this city. Was Atlantis under the sea? Many explorers had been looking under the sea because of what Plato wrote about it. Michael came up with the idea that Atlantis was not at the bottom of the ocean. He thought that Atlantis had been destroyed by a tsunami wave. That meant that it had been covered by water, but only for a short time. The strong force of the wave would have caused the end of the great city.________? Michael decided to look at all of Plato’s clues again. He used a computer program to enter all the information Plato wrote about, including the distance from Athens. The computer program would then search the world map for a place that matched all the clues. In this way Michael was able to find the place that he thought Atlantis might have been. Where did Michael think Atlantis had been? The computer program pointed to a place called the Souss-Massa plain on the Moroccan coast in Africa. Michael immediately boarded a plane and went to look for himself. When he got there, he was surprised to see many things that matched Plato’s description. Even though Michael believed he had found the site of Atlantis, many experts disagreed. Some scholars have suggested that Plato might have been writing about the neighbouring island destroyed by a volcanic eruption in 1600 BC． Others feel he made up the story and based it on old legends. Either way, Michael believed Plato. He used his time and energy to prove to himself that Atlantis existed. 1．Many people have managed to find Atlantis, haven’t they? 2．Why did Atlantis disappear according to Plato? 3．What was Michael’s idea about Atlantis? 4．What question is probably asked in this blank? 5．Why didn’t many experts believe Plato? 6．Do you think Michael’s research method is scientific? Tell your reason (s). 【答案】1．No, they haven’t. 2．Because of earthquakes and floods. 3．He thought that Atlantis was not at the bottom of the ocean and had been destroyed by a tsunami wave. 4．If it was only covered by water for a short time, where could it be now? 5．Some scholars have suggested that Plato might have been writing about the neighbouring island destroyed by a volcanic eruption in 1600 BC and others feel he made up the story and based it on old legends. 6．Yes, I think so. Because he used a computer program to enter all the information Plato wrote about, including the distance from Athens. The computer program would then search the world map for a place that matched all the clues. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了亚特兰蒂斯沉入大海的故事及科学家对其的新发现。 1．根据“Many people have tried but failed to find it.”可知，很多人尝试了，但是没有成功。故填No, they haven’t. 2．根据“This city disappeared suddenly because of earthquakes and floods.”可知，柏拉图认为是地震和洪水导致亚特兰蒂斯的消亡。故填Because of earthquakes and floods. 3．根据“Michael came up with the idea that Atlantis was not at the bottom of the ocean. He thought that Atlantis had been destroyed by a tsunami wave. That meant that it had been covered by water, but only for a short time. The strong force of the wave would have caused the end of the great city.”可知，迈克尔的观点：亚特兰蒂斯不在海底，而是被海啸摧毁，只在短时间内被海水覆盖。故填He thought that Atlantis was not at the bottom of the ocean and had been destroyed by a tsunami wave. 4．根据前文“Michael came up with the idea that Atlantis was not at the bottom of the ocean.”及后文“He used a computer program to enter all the information Plato wrote about, including the distance from Athens. The computer program would then search the world map for a place that matched all the clues.”可知，前文迈克尔提出了一个新观点：亚特兰蒂斯不在海底，只是被海啸短暂淹没后就露出了海面。后文紧接着，写他开始用计算机程序重新分析柏拉图的所有线索，去寻找具体位置。空白须起到承上启下的作用，既要承接前面的新观点，又要引出后面的“寻找位置”的行动。因此可提出“如果它只被水覆盖了很短时间，那它现在可能在哪里？”故填If it was only covered by water for a short time, where could it be now? 5．根据“Some scholars have suggested that Plato might have been writing about the neighbouring island destroyed by a volcanic eruption in 1600 BC. Others feel he made up the story and based it on old legends.”可知，专家不相信的两个原因：一是认为柏拉图描述的是另一座因火山喷发毁灭的岛屿，二是认为他是根据传说编造的故事。故填Some scholars have suggested that Plato might have been writing about the neighbouring island destroyed by a volcanic eruption in 1600 BC and others feel he made up the story and based it on old legends. 6．本题为开放性问题，答案不唯一，结合自身理解，合理作答即可。故填Yes, I think so. Because he used a computer program to enter all the information Plato wrote about, including the distance from Athens. The computer program would then search the world map for a place that matched all the clues. 2 / 19 1 / 19 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $