内容正文:
过去进行时
《英语 拓展模块》(外研版2021版)
Unit 7 High Technology Has Really Changed 语法
Lead
in
03 常见使用场景
目录
01 基础概念与用途
02 语法结构详解
04 综合强化训练
(动画)邀请你掌握:
(动画)学会判断祈使句的方法
(动画)用祈使句发出指令或表达禁止
(动画)区别“祈使句+and+陈述句”和“祈使句+or+陈述句”
3
基础概念与用途
01
时态本质
过去进行时是描述过去某一具体时间点或时间段内持续进行的动作或状态的时态,其核心在于强调动作在过去的"进行性"和"未完成性",与一般过去时的事件完整性形成对比。
核心定义与时间标志词
核心定义与时间标志词
时间状语特征
典型时间标志词包括具体钟点(at 7pm yesterday)、时段(from 5 to 6 last Sunday)、框架性时间短语(this time last week)以及when / while引导的时间状语从句,这些时间词能精准锁定动作发生的过去时间坐标。
核心定义与时间标志词
结构组成规则
由"was/were + 现在分词"构成,其中was用于第一/三人称单数(I/he/she/it),were用于其他主语,现在分词遵循"直接加-ing""去e加-ing""双写尾字母加-ing"和"ie变y加-ing"四大变形规则。
精确时间定位
用于突出过去某个精确时间点正在发生的动作
eg:
The students were taking an exam at 9:30 yesterday morning.
通过"at 9:30"将动作锚定在具体时刻。
01
描述过去特定时刻动作
瞬间动作衬托
常与when引导的短暂性动作从句配合,形成"长动作(进行时)被短动作(一般过去时)打断"的经典结构
eg:
I was cooking when the phone rang.
02
描述过去特定时刻动作
多动作并行
用while连接两个过去进行时,可表示过去同时持续进行的动作
eg:
While mom was preparing dinner, dad was setting the table.
体现动作的共时性。
03
描述过去特定时刻动作
场景具象化
通过进行时态能使过去场景生动再现
eg:
The sun was shining and birds were singing when we arrived.
营造身临其境的叙述效果。
04
描述过去特定时刻动作
叙事背景铺垫
在故事叙述中作为背景框架
eg:
It was raining heavily when the accident happened
用进行时构建事件发生的环境氛围。
表示过去背景动作
习惯性动作表达
与always/constantly等频度副词连用,表示过去反复发生且带有感情色彩的动作
eg:
She was always complaining about the noise.
隐含说话者的不满情绪。
表示过去背景动作
计划动作未实现
可表示过去计划但未实施的行动
eg:
We were going to visit the museum, but it closed early.
这种用法常暗含后续的转折情况。
表示过去背景动作
语法结构详解
02
第一/第三人称单数用was(I/He/She/It)
其他人称用were(You/We/They)。
eg:
She was singing.
需严格遵循主谓一致原则。
主语与be动词搭配规则
肯定句基本构成(was/were + V-ing)
动词原形末尾加-ing(如play→playing)
以不发音e结尾去e加-ing(如write→writing)
重读闭音节双写尾字母加-ing(如run→running)
现在分词变化规律
肯定句基本构成(was/were + V-ing)
常搭配at 8pm yesterday/when从句/while从句等具体时间点或时段
eg:
They were discussing the project when the manager arrived
时间状语使用场景
肯定句基本构成(was/were + V-ing)
否定句结构变形
在was/were后直接加not(缩写为wasn't/weren't),
eg:
I wasn't sleeping during the lecture.
需保持现在分词不变。
否定句与疑问句转换
将was/were提前至句首
eg:
Were you taking notes?
Yes, I was/No, I wasn't.
一般疑问句转换规则
否定句与疑问句转换
根据询问要素选择what/where/who等,结构为"疑问词 + was/were + 主语 + V-ing"
eg:
What were they arguing about?
特殊疑问句引导词选择
否定句与疑问句转换
用"Wasn't/Weren't + 主语 + V-ing"表示惊讶或确认
eg:
Weren't you listening to the announcement?
否定疑问句强调功能
否定句与疑问句转换
动作内容询问
特殊疑问句构建方法
用"What + was/were + 主语 + doing"结构
eg:
What was the technician repairing?"
侧重具体行为描述。
时间点精准定位
特殊疑问句构建方法
采用"What time/When + was/were + 主语 + V-ing"
eg:
When were the children swimming?"
需配合精确时间状语。
原因目的探究
特殊疑问句构建方法
通过"Why + was/were + 主语 + V-ing"分析背景
eg:
Why was the teacher repeating the instructions?
常需要上下文补充回答。
03 常见使用场景
强调动作的突然中断
使用"when"连接一般过去时动作与过去进行时动作,突出主句持续动作被从句短暂动作打断的瞬间性
eg:I was reading when the doorbell rang."
(门铃响时我正在读书)。
过去中断动作描述(when/while)
区分时间关系逻辑
通过"while"连接两个过去进行时动作,明确两个持续性动作的同步关系
eg:
While she was cooking, he was setting the table.
(她做饭时,他在摆餐具)。
过去中断动作描述(when/while)
避免时态误用
"while"后必须接延续性动词(如work, talk)
"when"可接短暂动词(如arrive, notice)
过去中断动作描述(when/while)
综合强化训练
04
第一部分:选一选
选出正确的答案。
1. I __________ (was / were) watching TV at 8 last night.
2. They __________ (was / were) playing basketball yesterday afternoon.
3. She __________ (was / were) doing her homework when I called her.
4. We __________ (was / were) talking in the classroom.
答案:was were was were
第二部分:选择题(4分)
请选出最合适的选项来完成句子。
1. What _______ you _______ at 4:30 yesterday afternoon?
A. are; doing
B. were; doing
C. did; do
2. When the teacher came in, the students _______ about their future jobs.
A. talked
B. were talking
C. are talking
3. I couldn't answer your call because I _______ a meeting with my boss.
A. was having
B. had
C. am having
答案:B B A
第三部分:写一写
根据提示词,写出完整的过去进行时句子。
1. (一个男孩在吃饭)
He / eat / dinner / at 7 p.m. yesterday
→ ________________________________________
2. (一个女孩在读书)
She / read / a book
→ ________________________________________
3. (两个学生在教室里打扫卫生)
They / clean / the classroom
→ ________________________________________
答案:
He was eating dinner at 7 p.m. yesterday.
She was reading a book.
They were cleaning the classroom.
THANKS
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