U3 What makes a great team？语法讲义-情态动词（一）2025-2026学年外研版八年级英语下册

本讲义聚焦初中英语情态动词核心知识点，涵盖can/could、should、need、must、have to等词的定义、特点、用法及分类。从教材原句引入，通过定义填空、用法规则梳理、分类讲解（含意义、否定、例句）及对比表格（如have to与must辨析）构建学习支架，系统呈现情态动词语法脉络。 该资料特色在于结合生活实例（如“照料年迈父母”）提升语言运用能力，通过对比归纳培养思维品质，配套“练一练”和语法专练助力课后巩固。课中辅助教师系统授课，课后帮助学生查漏补缺，有效落实语言能力与学习能力的核心素养培养。

U3 What makes a great team？语法讲义—情态动词（一） · 教材原句 First, you should discuss the matter with Lisa.首先，你应该和丽莎好好谈谈。 You're the director, but you don't have to deal with all the problems yourself. 你是导演，但你不必独自处理所有问题。 · 语法要点 上面两个句子分别使用了should和(don't)have to来表示“应该”和“不必”这类词我们称作情态动词。情态动词本身有一定的含义，能够表达说话者不同的语气和态度。 · 语法讲解 1. 情态动词的特点 1. 情态动词定义： 情态动词是表示说话人的 的动词，在句中不能单独做谓语，只能和其他 连用做谓语。用来表达 2. 情态动词用法 （1） 情态动词通常没有 (have to除外)，无论主语是单数还是复数，情态动词的形式保持不变。 例如:She/They can sing. 她/他们会唱歌。 （2） 情态动词后面要接 。 例如:He should study harder. 他应该更努力学习。 （3） 情态动词的否定形式通常是在 (除了have to)。 例如:You should not (shouldn't) stay up late. 你不应该熬夜。 2. 情态动词分类 （一）can/could (1)表示___________________ Eg. I can sing this song in English. (2)表示___________________ Eg. You can’t use my pen. (3)表示___________________ Eg. Can I have a look at your photos? Yes， . /No， . (4) Could you please pass me the ruler? could是can的过去式，表示________________________ Eg. Could you help me with this task? - Sure!你能帮我完成这个任务吗?--当然! （二）should (1)表示___________________时，意为 “应当，应该” Eg1. 当父母年迈时，我们应该悉心照料他们。 _______________________________________________________________________ (2)表示___________________ Eg1. 您应按时吃三顿正餐以保持健康。 _______________________________________________________________________ (3)否定形式________________表示“不应该” 的意思。 Eg1. 我们不应该吃那么多巧克力。_______________________________________________________________________ （三）need （1）作情态动词时表动作的必要性，意为“__________”，可用于肯定句、否定句和疑问句。否定形式need not(缩写形式为needn't)表示“不必，不需要”。 例如:He need not (needn't) wear a uniform for work. 他上班不必穿制服。 Eg1. 你只需相信自己，就能实现目标。 _______________________________________________________________________ Eg2. 你今天不必完成家庭作业。 _______________________________________________________________________ 【注意！！】need 开头的一般疑问句，肯定回答用___________，否定回答___________。 Eg：Need I finish this report today? -Yes, you must. /No, you needn't. 我今天需要完成这份报告吗?--是的，你必须完成。/不，不需要。 （2） need还可以作 ，有人称和数的变化，常用于 结构，意思也是“需要”。 例如：He needs to drink more water.他需要多喝水。 You don't need to shout，I can hear you clearly.你不需要喊，我能听得很清楚。 Do they need to finish this today?他们需要今天完成吗? [练一练]用need的适当形式填空 1. You ________________ (not need) to hurry. We still have time. 2. ___________he _____________ (need) to come early tomorrow? 3. You _______________ (not need) tell him about it. It’s a secret. 4. __________ we __________ (hand) in our homework today? 5. She ________________ (not need) to stay here. She can leave now. 6. They ______________ (need) to work harder if they want to pass. （四）must (1)表说话人主观上的必要性或义务，意为“___________”，可用于肯定句、否定句和疑问句。 否定形式______________表示“ ”或“ ”语气比较强烈。 Eg1. 她必须学会更好地管理时间。__________________________________________________ 2. 你不得在图书馆里大声说话 __________________________________________________ (2)must的一般疑问句的构成及其回答 Eg1.Must I be home before 8 o'clock? — Yes, you . / No, you . （五）have to have to多用来表示客观必要性和义务，通常由外部条件决定，意为“必须，不得不”。 (1)意为“必须;不得不”后接动词原形，表示客观需要做的事情。 Eg1. 我们在图书馆必须保持安静。___________________________________________________ （2）have to有人称、数和时态的变化，have to的形式需根据主语的单复数和句子时态进行变化，其否定形式和疑问形式要借助于助动词do。 例如: She had to go to school.她不得不去上学。 She will have to go to school.她将不得不去上学。 She doesn't have to go to school. 不必去上学。 Eg1. 她不得不坐公交去上学。_______________________________________________________ 【区别】have to VS must Have to Must 表达意义 侧重于________________, 含有“不得不”的意思 侧重于说话者的______________,认为有必要或者有义务去做某事 人称、数和时态 ______________________________ ____________________________ 否定形式 ______________________________ ____________________________ （6） had better had better(缩写形式为’d better)表示 ，意为“最好，应该”，语气比should更强。其否定形式为________________。 Eg1. 你最好每天放下手机一会儿，和家人聊聊天。 ____________________________________________________________________________ Eg2. 你最好别浪费你的时间。_______________________________________________________ （7） may may可用来表达请求、许可，意为“可以”，属于比较正式的用法。 例如:A:May I take a day off this Friday?我星期五可以请一天假吗? B: Yes, you may. / Yes, certainly. 或 No, you may not. /I don't think you can. 嗯，可以。/嗯，当然可以。或不，不行。/我想不行。 You may leave early today if you have finished your work. 如果你已完成了工作，今天可以早些离开。 3. 总结 意义 否定形式 回答 Can Should Need Must Have to Had better · 语法专练 一.单项选择 1. Anna has no lessons tomorrow, so she get up early in the morning. A. has to B.doesn't have to C. must D.mustn't 2. Must I finish my homework before going out to play? - No, you A.needn't B. mustn't C. have to D.couldn't 3.I to finish this project yesterday, but I ran out of time. A. must B. have C. had D.need 4.I'm sorry I go now. My next class will start in 15 minutes. A. might B. must C. may D.could 5. You eat so much junk food. It's bad for your health. A. had better not B. might not C.don't have to D.could not 6. You tell Jim the good news because I've told him already. A. need B. needn't C. can D. can't 7. ---Doctor Wang, must I take the medicine? ---No,you .You'll get well soon. A. can't B. mustn't C. needn't D. won't 8.Shh...!This is a library. You keep your voice down. A. can B. can't C. should D. shouldn't 9.Modern medicine is developing quickly and now most eye problems be cured. A. can B. must C. should D. need 10.---Must we finish our English homework this Friday? ---No,you . You finish it this weekend. A. mustn't; can B. can't; must C. shouldn't; may D. don't have to; can 11.For old local traditions to live on, the young people learn and pass them down. A.can't B. shouldn't C. might D. must 12. --- The Lantern Festival is coming, and I have to lots of time making a lantern for my son. ---Plan your time well. And you be patient. A. take; had better B. cost; should C. spend; had better D. spend; can 13. You had better late for school again. A. is not B. don't be C.not to be D. not be 14. You eat too much junk food, or you might feel sick or unhealthy. A.shouldn't B. must C. needn't D. can 15. ---Can you come to my birthday party now? ---Sorry, I . I finish the job before 9 o'clock. A. mustn't; need B. can't; have to C. needn't; may D. don't have to; must 2. 选词填空，个别词可用多次need should can can't had better have to must Teamwork is very important for us students. When we do group work, we 1. listen to each other carefully. Everyone has good ideas, so we 2. only think about our own opinions. We 3. help teammates who have problems. If someone doesn't understand the task,we 4. explain it patiently. We don't 5. finish everything alone; sharing work makes things easier. Also, we 6. to be on time for group meetings. If we might be late, we 7. tell our teammates first. With good teamwork, we 8. finish tasks better and faster. Remember: no one is perfect, but teamwork 9. make us do great things! U3 What makes a great team？语法讲义—情态动词（一）答案 · 语法讲解 1. 情态动词的特点 1. 情态动词定义： 情态动词是表示说话人的 情感，态度或语气 的动词，在句中不能单独做谓语，只能和其他 动词原形 连用做谓语。用来表达 建议，请求，许可，义务等 2. 情态动词用法 （1） 情态动词通常没有 人称和数的变化 (have to除外)，无论主语是单数还是复数，情态动词的形式保持不变。 例如:She/They can sing. 她/他们会唱歌。 （2） 情态动词后面要接 动词原形 。 例如:He should study harder. 他应该更努力学习。 （3） 情态动词的否定形式通常是在 情态动词后加not (除了have to)。 例如:You should not (shouldn't) stay up late. 你不应该熬夜。 2. 情态动词分类 （一）can/could (1)表示___能力__________ Eg. I can sing this song in English. (2)表示___许可____________ Eg. You can’t use my pen. (3)表示___请求___________ Eg. Can I have a look at your photos? Yes， you can . /No， you can't . (5) Could you please pass me the ruler? could是can的过去式，表示__委婉的请求______ Eg. Could you help me with this task? - Sure!你能帮我完成这个任务吗?--当然! （二）should (1)表示___义务，职责______时，意为 “应当，应该” Eg1. 当父母年迈时，我们应该悉心照料他们。 ___We should take care of our parents when they get old__________________ (2)表示__建议或劝告____ Eg1. 您应按时吃三顿正餐以保持健康。 ___You should have three meals on time to keep healthy_________________________ (3)否定形式___shouldn't_____表示“不应该” 的意思。 Eg1. 我们不应该吃那么多巧克力。 ___We shouldn't eat too much chocolate_________________________ （三）need （1）作情态动词时表动作的必要性，意为“__需要___”，可用于肯定句、否定句和疑问句。否定形式need not(缩写形式为needn't)表示“不必，不需要”。 例如:He need not (needn't) wear a uniform for work. 他上班不必穿制服。 Eg1. 你只需相信自己，就能实现目标。 ___You need only believe in yourself to achieve your goals_______________ Eg2. 你今天不必完成家庭作业。 ___You needn't finish your homework today___________________________________ 【注意！！】need 开头的一般疑问句，肯定回答用___must____，否定回答__needn't__。 Eg：Need I finish this report today? -Yes, you must. /No, you needn't. 我今天需要完成这份报告吗?--是的，你必须完成。/不，不需要。 （3） need还可以作 行为动词 ，有人称和数的变化，常用于 need to do 结构，意思也是“需要”。 例如：He needs to drink more water.他需要多喝水。 You don't need to shout，I can hear you clearly.你不需要喊，我能听得很清楚。 Do they need to finish this today?他们需要今天完成吗? [练一练]用need的适当形式填空 1. You __don't need__ (not need) to hurry. We still have time. 2. ___Does___he ____need____ (need) to come early tomorrow? 3. You ____needn’t___ (not need) tell him about it. It’s a secret. 4. __Need___ we ___hand___ (hand) in our homework today? 5. She ___doesn't need__ (not need) to stay here. She can leave now. 6. They ____need___ (need) to work harder if they want to pass. （四）must (1)表说话人主观上的必要性或义务，意为“__必须____”，可用于肯定句、否定句和疑问句。 否定形式____mustn't___表示“不应该”或“禁止”语气比较强烈。 Eg1. 她必须学会更好地管理时间。 ____She must learn to manage her time better_________________ 2. 你不得在图书馆里大声说话 _____You mustn't talk loudly in the library_________ (2)must的一般疑问句的构成及其回答 Eg1.Must I be home before 8 o'clock? — Yes, you must . / No, you needn’t/don't have to . （五）have to have to多用来表示客观必要性和义务，通常由外部条件决定，意为“必须，不得不”。 (1)意为“必须;不得不”后接动词原形，表示客观需要做的事情。 Eg1. 我们在图书馆必须保持安静。___We have to keep quiet in the library_______________ （2）have to有人称、数和时态的变化，have to的形式需根据主语的单复数和句子时态进行变化，其否定形式和疑问形式要借助于助动词do。 例如: She had to go to school.她不得不去上学。 She will have to go to school.她将不得不去上学。 She doesn't have to go to school. 不必去上学。 Eg1. 她不得不坐公交去上学。___She has to take the bus to school____________ 【区别】have to VS must Have to Must 表达意义 侧重于__客观需要____, 含有“不得不”的意思 侧重于说话者的___主观意愿___,认为有必要或者有义务去做某事 人称、数和时态 ___有时态人称和数的变化_______ ___无时态人称和数的变化__ 否定形式 ___don't/doesn’t/didn't have to___ ______mustn't_________ （8） had better had better(缩写形式为’d better)表示 强烈建议或警告 ，意为“最好，应该”，语气比should更强。其否定形式为__had better not do_。 Eg1. 你最好每天放下手机一会儿，和家人聊聊天。 ___You had better put your phone down for a while to have a family conversation____ Eg2. 你最好别浪费你的时间。___You had better not waste your time__________________ （9） may may可用来表达请求、许可，意为“可以”，属于比较正式的用法。 例如:A:May I take a day off this Friday?我星期五可以请一天假吗? B: Yes, you may. / Yes, certainly. 或 No, you may not. /I don't think you can. 嗯，可以。/嗯，当然可以。或不，不行。/我想不行。 You may leave early today if you have finished your work. 如果你已完成了工作，今天可以早些离开。 3. 总结 意义 否定形式 回答 Can 能，可以 can't不能 Yes，...can No，...can't Should 应该 shouldn't不应该 Yes，...should No，...shouldn't Need 需要 needn't不必 Yes，...must No，...needn't Must 必须 mustn't禁止 Yes，...must No，...needn't/don't have to Have to 不得不 don't have to不必 Yes，...do/does/did No，...don’t/doesn’t/didn’t Had better 最好 had better not最好不 · 语法专练 一.单项选择 1. Anna has no lessons tomorrow, so she get up early in the morning. A. has to B.doesn't have to C. must D.mustn't 2. Must I finish my homework before going out to play? - No, you A.needn't B. mustn't C. have to D.couldn't 3.I to finish this project yesterday, but I ran out of time. A. must B. have C. had D.need 4.I'm sorry I go now. My next class will start in 15 minutes. A. might B. must C. may D.could 5. You eat so much junk food. It's bad for your health. A. had better not B. might not C.don't have to D.could not 6. You tell Jim the good news because I've told him already. A. need B. needn't C. can D. can't 7. ---Doctor Wang, must I take the medicine? ---No,you .You'll get well soon. A. can't B. mustn't C. needn't D. won't 8.Shh...!This is a library. You keep your voice down. A. can B. can't C. should D. shouldn't 9.Modern medicine is developing quickly and now most eye problems be cured. A. can B. must C. should D. need 10.---Must we finish our English homework this Friday? ---No,you . You finish it this weekend. A. mustn't; can B. can't; must C. shouldn't; may D. don't have to; can 11.For old local traditions to live on, the young people learn and pass them down. A.can't B. shouldn't C. might D. must 12. --- The Lantern Festival is coming, and I have to lots of time making a lantern for my son. ---Plan your time well. And you be patient. A. take; had better B. cost; should C. spend; had better D. spend; can 14. You had better late for school again. A. is not B. don't be C.not to be D. not be 14. You eat too much junk food, or you might feel sick or unhealthy. A.shouldn't B. must C. needn't D. can 15. ---Can you come to my birthday party now? ---Sorry, I . I finish the job before 9 o'clock. A. mustn't; need B. can't; have to C. needn't; may D. don't have to; must 3. 选词填空，个别词可用多次need should can can't had better have to must Teamwork is very important for us students. When we do group work, we 1. should listen to each other carefully. Everyone has good ideas, so we 2. can't only think about our own opinions. We 3. must help teammates who have problems. If someone doesn't understand the task,we 4. should explain it patiently. We don't 5. have to finish everything alone; sharing work makes things easier. Also, we 6. need to be on time for group meetings. If we might be late, we 7. had better tell our teammates first. With good teamwork, we 8. can finish tasks better and faster. Remember: no one is perfect, but teamwork 9. can make us do great things! 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $