内容正文:
零基础英语语法“讲-析-练”一遍过
第一章 冠词
第一节 热点用法精讲
(
热点用法概述
) 冠词虽少但难辨,看名师如何指点。
在英语中,冠词可以分为不定冠词(a, an)和定冠词(the)两类。冠词虽少,可用法复杂;多年来,全国高考、特别是新高考英语的语法填空命题几乎每年都会涉及到,还有,在听力、口语及写作中更是少不了冠词用法的身影!纵观历年高考英语试题看,未来全国高考命题中,冠词仍然是命题的焦点。其考点重点分布在:不定冠词的用法;定冠词的用法;零冠词的用法以及固定词组中的冠词问题。
(
热点用法
诠释
)
尚未登台表演,记住台词是关键。
一、冠词的基本用法:
冠词是虚词,本身不能单独使用,也没有词义,它用在名词的前面,帮助指明名词的含义。英语中的冠词有三种,一种是定冠词(the Definite Article),另一种是不定冠词(the Indefinite Article),还有一种是零冠词(Zero Article)。
1.不定冠词的用法:
①表示“一个”,意为one;指某人或某物,意为a certain。例如:
A Mr. Wang is waiting for you. 一位王先生在等你。
②代表一类人或物。例如:
A knife is a tool for cutting with. 刀子是用来割东西的工具。
Mr. Smith is an engineer.史密斯先生是工程师。
③用在某些固定词组或成语中。例如:a little, a few , a lot, a type of , a pile, a great many , many a, as a rule, in a hurry, in a minute, in a word, in a short while, after a while, have a cold , have a try, keep an eye on, all of a sudden等。
2.定冠词的用法:
①特指双方都明白的人或物。例如:Take the medicine. 把药吃了。
②上文提到过的人或事。例如:
He bought a house. I’ve been to the house. 他买了幢房子。我去过那幢房子。
③指世上独一物二的事物。例如:the sun, the sky, the moon, the earth
④单数名词连用表示一类事物,如:the dollar 美元,the fox 狐狸,或与形容词或分词连用,表示一类人:the rich 富人,the living 生者。
⑤用在序数词和形容词最高级,及形容词only, very, same等前面。例如:
Where do you live? I live on the second floor. 你住在哪?我住在二层。
That’s the very thing I've been looking for. 那正是我要找的东西。
⑥与复数名词连用,指整个群体。例如:
They are the teachers of this school.指全体教师)
They are teachers of this school. (指部分教师)
⑦用在某些由普通名词构成的国家名称、机关团体、阶级等专有名词前。例如:
the People’s Republic of China 中华人民共和国 the United States 美国
⑧用在表示乐器的名词之前。例如:She plays the piano. 她会弹钢琴。
⑨用在姓氏的复数名词之前,表示一家人。例如:
the Greens 格林一家人 (或格林夫妇) the Smiths 史密斯一家(史密斯夫妇)
⑩用在惯用语中。例如:in the day, in the morning (afternoon, evening), the day after tomorrow, the day before yesterday, the next morning, in the sky (water,field,country), in the dark, in the rain, in the distance, in the middle (of),in the end, on the whole, by the way, go to the theatre等。
二、冠词的特殊用法:
1.零冠词用法面面观:
①可数名词前不用冠词,表示泛指。例如:
Horses are useful animals .马是有用的动物。
Children are often curious about things around them.
孩子常对他们周围的事物很好奇。
②不可数名词前不用冠词,表示泛指。例如:
Water is colorless .水是无色的。例如:
Iron is one of the most useful metals . 铁是最有用的金属之一。
The world is made of matter .世界是由物质构成的。
People can't live without air .没有空气,人就无法生存。
③称呼语或表示头衔的名词前不用冠词。例如:
Professor Li just came back from New Zealand . 李教授刚从新西兰回来。
Mr. Rieder likes tennis .里德先生喜欢打网球。
Doctor Smith sent me a birthday present yesterday .
史密斯博士昨天送给我一份生日礼物。
④含有day的节日名词前不用冠词。例如:
New Year’s Day 元旦;Women’s Day 妇女节; Youth Day 青年节;
May Day 五一劳动节;Children’s Day 儿童节; Mother’s Day母亲节;
Father’s Day父亲节; Teachers’ Day教师节; National Day 国庆节
⑤球类运动、棋类游戏或表示三餐饭的名词前不用冠词。例如:
He likes playing basketball and football. 他喜欢打篮球、踢足球。
We are invited to dinner in her family this evening.我们今晚应邀去她的家吃饭。
⑥专有名词前不用冠词。例如:
Zhenghua was promoted to professor in 1997. 郑华于己于1997年晋升为教授。
Chen Jingli is the director of the foreign languages department. 陈敬礼是外语系主任。
⑦表示季节,月份或星期的名词前不用冠词
Milk is liable to go bad in summer.牛奶在夏季易变质.。例如:
She was born on October 29th .她生于十月二十九日。
We have our lectures every day except Thursday 除了星期四我们每天都有课。
⑧前面已有人称代词、指示代词或不定代词作定语的名词前不用冠词。例如:
My house is much bigger than his. 我家的房子比他的大多了。
This garden is newly built .这座花园是新建的。
Each member in our department has a computer. 我们系人手一部计算机。
⑨在与by连用的交通工具名称前不用冠词。例如:
by car, by bus, by bike, by train, by air/ water/ land
但:take a bus, come in a boat, on the train/ bus需注意。
⑩某些固定词组中不用冠词。例如:a. 名词词组中:husband and wife, brother and sister, body and soul, day and night, knife and fork;b. 介词词组中:to(at, from) school, in (to)class, in (to, at, from)university(college), to(in, into, from)church, to(in, into, out of)prison(hospital, bed), to(at, from, out of)work, to(in, from) town, at (from)home, to(at)sea, at night(noon, midnight), by car (bus, bicycle, plane), on foot。
注意:在有些词组中,有无冠词含义不同,试比较:
in hospital 住院(因病) in the hospital在医院(工作、参观等)
in front of在前面,指某物体之外 in the front of在前部,指某物之内
in charge负责,主管 in the charge由……负责
out of question没问题 out of the question不可能
2.序数词前不使用定冠词的情况:
①序数词前用不定冠词的常见情况。
a. 表示“又(另)一”(不侧重顺序)。例如:
Now tell me why you took a second arrow.告诉我,为什么你手里拿着另一支箭?
Mr Lu, who is good at maths, has been called a second Hua Luogeng.
李老师擅长数学,他被称为又一个华罗庚。
b. 在名次中排“第几”。例如:
You should try to get a first or a second in the examination.
你应力争在这次考试中得个第一、二名。
c. 表示任何一个“第几者”。例如:
We don’t allow a third to have a hand in this matter.我们不允许第三者插手此事。
This book reached me through a third person.这本书是由第三者转到我手中的。
d. 当“分数词”用到较小的序数词时。例如:
A third of the students failed in the exam. 有三分之一的学生在这次考试中没及格。
当分母较大时宜用one。例如:
A nucleus is about one thousand billionth the size of an atom。
原子核的体积大约是原子的一千兆分之一。
②序数词前省去冠词的情况
a. 表示日期。例如:
I was born on November(the)17th,1956。我出生于1956年11月17日。
October(the)first is National Day。十月一日是国庆节。
b. 表示职位。例如:
In Philadelphia the United States of America was born,and George Washington served as (the)first president。费城是美国诞生的地方,同时也是乔治·华盛顿担任第一任总统的地方。
c. 表示等级。例如:
These are all of (the)seconds。这些都是次品。
d. 用于文章标题注释中。例如:
I read the advertisement in (the)“21st Century”,an English paper。
我是在《二十一世纪》英文报上看到这则广告的。
e. 用于某些街道名称中(如street,avenue等)。例如:
He lives in 152,(the)8th street。他住在8街152号。
③序数词前不用冠词的情况。
a. 在某些习惯用语以及专用名词前。例如:
at first起先 first of all首先、第一
first or last迟早 from first to last自始至终
First Lady(美国)总统夫人
b. 序数词用作副词时。例如:
His name stands first on the list。他名列榜首。
The Temple of Heaven was first built during the Ming dynasty。天坛始建于明朝。
c. 序数记号为名词所有格、物主代词或形容词等所限定时。例如:
Fortunately for him,his father’s second wife was kind to him too。
他很幸运,他的继母对他也很慈爱。
My first impression of London is of rain and fog and people with umbrellas。
伦敦给我的第一印象就是雨、雾和带着伞的人们。
d. 由序数词与名词构成的复合形容词。例如:
They are all second-raters。他们都是些平庸之辈。
e. 序数词用作名词复数时。例如:
These are all firsts。这些都是一等品。
3.冠词的位置问题:
①不定冠词位置:不定冠词常位于名词或名词修饰语前。注意:
a.位于下列形容词之后:such, what, many, half等。例如:
I have never seen such an animal.我从来没见过这样的动物。
Many a man is fit for the job. 许多人适合这个工作。
b.当名词前的形容词被副词as, so, too, how, however, enough修饰时,不定冠词应放在形容词之后。例如:
It is as pleasant a day as I have ever spent.这是跟我过去一样愉快的一天。
So short a time. 这么短的时间。
Too long a distance. 太长的距离。
c. quite,rather与单数名词连用,冠词放在其后;但当rather,quite 前仍有形容词,不定冠词放其前后均可。如:quite a lot。
d. 在as,though 引导的让步状语从句中,当标语为形容词修饰的名词时,不定冠词放形容词后;当名词被比较级形容词修饰时,不定冠词通常置于比较级形容词之后。例如:
Brave a man though he is,he trembles at the sight of snakes.
他尽管勇敢,可见到蛇还是发抖。
②定冠词位置:定冠词通常位于名词或名词修饰语前,但放在all, both, double, half, twice, three times等词之后,名词之前。例如:
All the students in the class went out. 班里的所有学生都出去了。
4.定冠词与方位词:
①在介词短语中,方位词前一般要带定冠词;在固定词组中有例外的情况。例如:
Birds come back from the south in spring. 鸟在春天从南方飞回来。
The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. 太阳在东方升起,在西方落下。
from south to north从南到北 north by west北偏西
②方位词单独用作状语时是副词,因此其前不加定冠词。例如:
She looked out from the window which faced north. 他从朝北的窗子望外看。
At noon we reached a small village, east of the Summer Palace.
中午时分,我们到达颐和园之东的一个小村子。
③方位词用来指某个国家或世界的某一部分时,其前面要加定冠词,而且该词的第一个字母通常要大写。例如:
The South is warmer than the North in China.南方比北方暖和多了。
④方位词作定语时,若修饰专有名词,其前不能加定冠词,但是第一个字母必须大写。例如:
South America is joined to North America, and only a narrow strait separates North America from Asia.
南美洲和北美洲连接在一起,而北美洲和亚洲仅相隔一条狭窄的海峡。
5.有定冠词和无定冠词的区别:
①某些名词前用不用冠词在意义上有差别,例如:
go to school 上学 go to the school 到学校去
go to bed 上床睡觉 go to the bed 向床走去,走到床前
go to sea 出海 go to the sea 向海走去
be in hospital 因病住院 be in the hospital 在医院里
sit at table 吃饭 sit at the table 坐在桌旁
by day 在白天 by the day 按日计算
take place 发生 take the place of 代替
in possession of 拥有 in the possession of 为……所有
in open 公开 in the open 在户外
on watch 值班 on the watch 留神
in future 今后 in the future 将来
in class 在上课 in the class 在班上
out of question 毫无疑问 out of the question 不可能
②be late for 后接具体名词时要加定冠词,后接抽象名词时不加冠词。例如:
be late for the meeting/the bus/the train/the film 开会/坐车/坐火车/看电影迟到
be late for class/supper/work/school 上课/吃饭/上班/上学迟到
第二节 经典好题赏析
(
名师
典
题
赏析
)
看名师潇洒点拨,助力冠词难点全突破。
[典题1]I know _____ John Lennon, but not _____famous one.
A. 不填; a B. a; the C. 不填; the D. the; a
[赏 析]根据but后面的内容我们知道,说话者并非特指某人,而是“一个叫John Lennon的人”,因此第一空填a;第二空前的not提示我们,说话人指的是彼此知道的某个人,因此用定冠词。故正确答案是B。
[典题2]It is often said that _____ teachers have _____ very easy life.
A. 不填;不填 B. 不填; a
C. the; 不填 D. the; a
[赏 析]从句的意思是:老师过的是一种安逸的生活。teachers是复数形式,表示泛指,不加冠词。have a happy life和live an easy life是一种固定用法。故正确答案是B。
[典题3]After dinner he gave Mr. Richardson _____ ride to _____ Capital Airport.
A. the; a B. a; the C. 不填;a D. 不填;the
[赏 析]give sb. a ride为固定搭配。后一空为专有名词,但这一专有名词中有普通名词作修饰词,因此用定冠词。故正确答案是B。
[典题4]Mrs. Taylor has _____ 8-year-old daughter who has _____ gift for painting . She has won two national prizes.
A. a; the B. an; the C. an; a D. the; a
[赏 析]数字8读音以元音因素开头,daughter为可数名词单数,因此第一空用an;第二空中,have a gift for为固定搭配。故正确答案是C。
[典题5]This book tells _____ life story of John Smith, who left _____school and worked for a newspaper at the age of 16.
A. the; the B. a; the C. the; 不填 D. a; 不填
[赏 析]story后有后置定语of John Smith,因此第一空填the;school在此指“学校教育”,为抽象名词,因此前面没有冠词。故正确答案是C。
[典题6]_____ recent report stated that the number of Spanish speakers in the U.S. would be higher than the number of English speakers by _____ year 2090. [北京春季卷2005]
A. A; the B.A; / C. The; / D. The; a
[赏 析]本题考查冠词的用法。根据题干的意思,recent report 表示“泛指”,意思是“一项最近的报告”;the year 2090是特指2090年,题干的意思是“一项最近的报告表明,到2090年在美国说西班牙语的人比讲英语的人要多”。本题答案:A。
[典题7]If you go by _____train, you can have a quite a comfortable journey, but make sure you get _____ fast one.
A. the; the B.不填;a C. the; a D. 不填;不填
短语by train是固定词组,意思是“乘火车”,像这种词组还有by bus, by plane, by air, by sea, etc;另外one前面如果有形容词,形容词前必须要带冠词,且此处为泛指,用不定冠词。本题答案是:B。
[典题8]On May 5, 2005, at_____ World Table Tennis Championship, Kong Linghui and Wang Hao won the gold medal in men’s doubles with _____ score of 4:1.
A. a; a B.不填; the C. a; 不填 D. the; a
[赏 析]the World Table Tennis Championship是由普通名词构成的专有名词,要使用定冠词;score前用不定冠词a表示数量。本题答案是:D。
[典题9]If you grow up in _____ large family, you are more likely to develop _____ability to get on well with _____others.
A. /; an; the B. a; the; / C. the; an; the D. a; the; the
[赏 析]通过分析题干可以知道:第一个空属于第一次提到一个普通名词,要用不定冠词;中间一个空时特指一种能力,用定冠词;而“其他人、别人”要用others表示。本题答案是:B。
[典题10]When you come here for your holiday next time, don’t go to _____hotel; I can find you _____bed in my flat.
A. the; a B. the; 不填 C. a; the D. a; 不填
第三节 经典好题专练
(
全考点精
题
练
)
真题典题模拟题,包你冠词用法一遍过。
1._____ on-going division between English-speaking Canadians and French-speaking Canadians is _____ major concern of the country.
A. The; / B. The; a C. An; the D. an; /
2.The Wilsons live in _____ A-shaped house near the coast. It is _____17th century cottage.
A. the; / B. an; the C. /; the D. an; a
3.It is_____world of wonders, _____ world where anything can happen.
A. a; the B. a; a C. the; a D. /; /
4.The sign reads, “In case of _____fire, break the glass and push _____red button.”
A. 不填;a B.不填;the C. the; the D. a; a
5.Our neighbor has _____ours.
A. as a big house B. as big a house as
C. the same big house as D. a house the same big as
6.I earn 10 dollars _____hour as _____supermarket cashier on Saturdays.
A. a; an B. the; a C. an; a D. an; the
7.Jumping out of _____airplane at ten thousand feet is quite _____exciting experience.
A. 不填;the B. 不填;an C. an; an D. the; the
8.One way to understand thousands of new words is to gain _____good knowledge of basic word formation.
A. 不填 B. the C. a D. one
9.The cakes are delicious. He’d like to have _____third one because _____second one is rather too small.
A. a; a B. the; the C. a; the D. the; a
10.I don’t like talking on _____ telephone; I prefer writing _____letters.
A. a; the B. the;不填 C. the; the D. a;不填
11.Many people agree that____ knowledge of English is a must in ____ international trade today.
A. a; / B. the ; an C. the ; the D. / ;the
12.Is English____ language spoken by____ largest number of speakers in____ world?
A. /; the; the B. the ; a ; /
C. the; the; the D. a ; a ; the
13.Wouldn’t it be____ wonderful world if all nations lived in ____peace with one another?
A. a ; / B. the ;/ C. a ; the D. the ; the
14.After watching____ TV, she played____ violin for an hour.
A. / ; / B. the ; the C. the ; / D. / ; the
15.—Where is Jack?
—I think he is still in ____ bed, but he might be in ____bath room.
A. / ; / B. the ; the C. the ; / D. / ; the
16.She is ____new-comer to____ chemistry but she has already made some important discoveries.
A. the ; the B. the ; ./ C. a ; / D. a ; the
17.Beyond____ stars, the astronauts could see nothing but____ space.
A. the ; / B./ ; the C. / ; / D. the ; the
18.It is believed that Alexander Graham Bell invented____ telephone in 1876.
A. / B. a C. the D. one
19.I’ve found that many people are still in____ habit of writing silly things in____ public places.
A. the ; the B. / ; / C. the ; / D. / ; the
20.Father sat on____ chair near____ door , reading.
A. the ; a B. a ; a C. a ; the D. the ; the
21.—Who did you spend last weekend with?
—_____.
A. Baker’s B. The Bakers’ C. The Bakers D. The Baker’s
22.It is not rare in____ that people in____ fifties are going to university for further education.
A. 90s ; the B. the 90s ; / C.90s; their D. the 90s; their
23.Springs in____ south of this province are for____ most part windy and warm.
A. / ; a B. the ; / C./ ; / D. the ; the
24.—What’s your sister?
—She is____ university student of____ computer.
A. a ; the B. an ; the C. an ; / D. a ; /
25.At the conference Stevenson was elected____ of____ World Health Organization.
A. chairman ; the B. the chairman ; the
C. a chairman ; a D. chairman ; a
26.Having received____ training of the MS. Company , he was offered____ important position in management.
A. the ; an B. / ; an C. the ; / D. a ; a
27.For many city people, dreams of living in____ green areas are becoming____ reality.
A. a ; a B. the ; the C./ ; / D. / ; a
28.From____ serious look on his face, I knew that he brought____ news of great importance.
A. the ; a B. / ; / C. the ; the D. the ; /
29.Many people believed that____ prison isn’t____ only cure for law-breakers.
A. a ; the B. / ; the C. the ; the D. the ; a
30.The party was____ success. We sang and danced until it came to____ end at midnight.
A. a ; an B. a ; the C. the ; an D. / ; an
31.—What is ____ population of your hometown?
—I think it has____ population of at least 2,000,000.
A. the; a B. the ; the C. a ; the D. a ; a
32. —Will you try____ second time if you fail____ first time?
—Of course. I will.
A. the ; the B. a ; the C. a ; / D. the ; /
33.Can I change for another book?____ page of this book is torn and____ cover looks old.
A. The ; the B. A ; the C. The ; a D. A ; a
34. —Have you seen ____pencil-box? I left it here this morning.
—Is it____ black one? I think I saw it somewhere.
A. a ; the B. the ; the C. the ; a D. a ; a
35.Paper money was in ____ use in China when Marco Polo visited the country in____ thirteenth century.
A. the ;/ B. the ; the C./; the D./ ; /
36.Scientists have calculated the entire amount of____ matter in____ universe.
A. the ; / B. the ; the C. / ; / D./ ; the
37.Pay attention to____ road signs while driving in____ foreign country.
A. a ; a B. the ; the C. / ;a D. a ; /
38.He has____ great interest in history, especially in____ history of Tang Dynasty.
A. a ; the B. a ; / C. / ; the D. / ; a
39.Apples are usually sold by____ weight, and eggs are sometimes sold by____ dozen.
A. the ; the B. /; a C. / ; the D. the ; a
40.The invention of____ wheel is a great contribution to____ man.
A. the ;/ B./ ; / C. a ; the D./;the
41.____ part that women play in____ society is very important.
A. The ; / B.A ; the C. The ; the D.A ; /
42.I don’t usually have____ breakfast, but I always eat____ good lunch.
A. / ; / B. / ; a C. the ; / D / ; the
43.—Can you tell me where____ Room 205 is ,please?
—It’s on____ second floor.
A. the ; the B. a ; the C. / ; a D. / ; the
44.—There’s football match tomorrow, you know.
—I like watching____ football, but what____ pity! I haven’t got_____ ticket for tomorrow.
A. the ; / ; a B. / ; a ; the C./ ; a ;a D. the ; a ; a
45.____ president is____ most powerful person in____ United States.
A./ ; the ; the B. The ; the ; the
C. / ; the ; / D. The ; a ; the
46.____ little girl is____ joy to her parents.
A. The ; a B. The ; the
C. A ; / D. The ; /
47____ Child/child as he is, he can tell____ wheat from____ rice.
A. A ; the ; the B. /; /; the C.A ; / ; / D./ ; / ;/
48.At ____ baker’s, ____ Greens met____ old friend of theirs.
A. the ; / ;an B . the ; the ; the
C. a ; the; an D. the ; the ; an
49.—What made him succeed in the job interview?
—____ certain honesty in him, ____ interest in computer, and ____ other kinds of things.
A .A.; an ; /. B. The ; the ; /
C. A ; the ; the D. The ;an ; /
50.What____ fine weather we are having these days!
A. a B. an C. the D./
(
解题思路
导引
)
理思路、点技巧,妙解秒懂过语法。
1.B。第一个空表示特指意义;第二个空表示数量“一”,因为人们关心的问题很多,这是其中之一。题意:讲英语的加拿大人和讲法语的加拿大人之间正在发生着分化是全国关注的一个重大问题。
2.D。从题干的意思看,A-shaped和cottage均为泛指意义,且有定语修饰,所以都要用不定冠词。
3.B。前一个world表示泛指;后一个world用作前一个world的同位语,这样都要使用不定冠词。
4.B。本题考查零冠词和定冠词的用法。fire前不用冠词泛指任何一次火灾;red button前用定冠词特指打破玻璃里面的那个红色按钮。
5.B。本题考查不定冠词在某些固定结构中的位置。不定冠词可以用在as/so/too/how等词之后,构成“as/so/too/how+形容词+a(n)+单数可数名词”结构。
6.C。本题综合考查不定冠词的量指用法和类指用法。不定冠词常和表示时间或度量衡的名词连用,表示“每一”;也可用来泛指一个人的职业;又an用在以元音因素开头的名词之前;a用在以辅音因素开头的名词之前。
7.C。本题考查不定冠词的泛指用法。airplane和experience(经历)都是单数可数名词,在本题中均是泛指,故应用不定冠词。正确答案是C。句意是“从一万英尺高的飞机里跳出来是一件激动人心的经历。”
8.C。本题考查不定冠词在具体化的抽象名词前的用法。抽象名词表示特性、状态、思维、动作,通常用作不可数名词。但有时可表示具有某种特性、状态、情感、情绪的人或事,与不定冠词连用,此即名词的具体化。本题中抽象名词knowledge“知识”具体化为英语知识,是可数名词,其前面应用不定冠词a,故正确答案是C。
9.C。本题考查序数词冠词的选用。序数词前用定冠词the表示顺序;序数词前用不定冠词a/an表示再一、又一。根据句意“蛋糕很好吃,他想再吃一个,因为第二个太小了”可知,正确答案是C。
10.B。本题考查定冠词和零冠词的用法。此处(talk)on the telephone是固定表达法,意为“通过电话交谈”;名词letters此处是泛指,并且是复数,不应用任何冠词。故正确答案是B。
11.A。此题考查不可数名词前冠词的使用。knowledge后of English说明knowledge在此意为“某一门知识”,抽象不可数名词与a连用,表示“某一次、某一种”之意;第二空中trade的是不可数名词表泛指,无特定意义,故前不加冠词,故正确选项为A。
12.C。第一空因为有后置定语,为特指;第二空因为在最高级前;第三空的词是“独一无二的”,故正确选项为C。
13.A。world前的形容词 wonderful 说明world 是怎样的世界,故前应加不定冠词,peace 是不可数名词,表示一般概念,故正确选项为A。
14.D。watch TV是固定词组,不需要任何冠词。在表示演奏乐器的名词前须加定冠词,
15.D。在一些固定词组中,名词前不加定冠词,如:in bed(卧床),at night(在夜里)in prison(在坐牢),in common(共同的),by air(乘飞机),on sale(出售的),on purpose (故意地),by chance(偶然地),on business(因公),from time to time(不时地),bath room为双方都知道的地点,需要加定冠词,故正确选项为 D。
16.C。本题考查泛指与表示学科的名词前冠词的用法。chemistry 是表示学科的名词,前面不加冠词;a new-comer的真正含义是“许多新手中的任何一个”,属泛指,不加定冠词,故正确选项为C。
17.A。sun, moon, stars 其前要用the。 space表示“太空”时,不用冠词。故选A。
18.C。发明物前要用定冠词the。故选C。
19.C。habit 被of 修饰,其前要用the 。in public“在公共场合、公开地”,是固定搭配。
20.D。特指暗示的那个门边的那把椅子。故选D。
21.C。应针对特殊疑问词Who回答该特殊疑问句。这里 Who 作介词with 的宾语。The Bakers“贝克夫妇”。针对who回答。“the +姓氏的复数”表示“某姓氏一家人或某人夫妇”。故选C。
22.D。“in the +年代的复数或加’s”表示“某世纪某年代”,in the 90s/90’s=in the 1990s/1990’s. “in one’s+逢十的基数词的复数” 表示“在某人几十多岁时”,in his fifties“在他五十多岁时”,故选D。
23.D。表示方位的名词前和形容词最高级前要用冠词 the; for the most part 为固定搭配,意为“大部分、多半”。故选D.
24.A。university辅音开头,用a; a university student of computer“一名学计算机的大学生”。computer是学科名词,其前通常不加冠词。故选A。
25.A。chairman, president 等表示独一无二的头衔、职务的名词,用作补语、表语、同位语时通常不用冠词,故选A。
26.A。由of the MS Company知,第一空填the特指所接授的训练;第二空填a泛指某一职务。故选A。
27.D。green areas 泛指“绿地”,不加冠词。become a reality 为固定词组,意为“变成现实”。故选D。
28.D。the look特指脸上一时间特有的那种表情; news此处为不确定的消息。故选 D。
29.B。prison 作“监禁”讲,是不可数名词。the only cure 特指“唯一的惩治办法”。
30.A。success 作“成功的事情,成功的人”讲,是可数名词;come to an end “结束、完成”,固定词组。故选A。
31.A。“the population of +地名”表示“……的人口”;“have a population of +数字”表示“有……的人口”,故选A。
32.B。不定冠词和序数词连用表示“又一次。再一次”,定冠词和序数词连用表示“第几次”。故选B。
33.B。第一空填a泛指书中有一页被撕;第二空填 the特指本书封面。故选 B。
34.D。第一空用a,表示一类人或物中的一个。答语中问的是区别于其他颜色的“一支黑色的铅笔盒”。故选 D。
35.C。be in use “被使用”,是固定表达。类似的含零冠词的短语有: be in hospital(住院), be in prison(在坐牢),be in fear(害怕)等,序数词前要加定冠词 the。故选 C。
36.D。matter 作“物质”讲,不可数。the universe表示独一无二的“宇宙”。故选 D。
37.C。第一个空不填,泛指路标;第二个空填a ,指某一国家。故选C。
38.A。have a /an ( +adj.)+ interest in…“对……有……的兴趣”,in the history of…“……的历史”。
39.C。by weight“按重量”,by the dozen“按打”。笼统地说“按重量/长度/大小等”时不用冠词,但具体地说“按公斤/米等”时,用冠词。故选C。
40.A。被发明物前用the表示特指;man作“人类”讲,不加任何冠词。故选A。
41.A。第一空是对 play a part的活用,即a part提前作先行词,后接定语从句时,应用 the表示特指。 in society“在社会上”,是习惯搭配,不要冠词。故选 A。
42.B。三餐饭前表示泛指通常不加冠词;有形容词修饰时其前可加不定冠词。故选B。
43.D。基数词表示序码要放在名词之后,其前不用冠词;序数词表示序码要放在名词之前,其前要用定冠词。故选D。
44.C。球类、棋类名词前不加定冠词;pity前加 a,表示“一桩憾事”;a ticket for tomorrow 表示“一张明天的票”。故选C。
45.B。第一项president 不表示某人的身份、官衔,而是泛指总统这一类人,所以其前必须加the;第二项为形容词最高级,第三项为普通名词构成的专有名词,故均须加the。因此选 B。
46.A。the little girl特指那位女孩;joy本为抽象名词,这里意为“一个令人高兴的人”,与不定冠词连用。故选A。
47.D。在让步状语从句的倒装结构中,名词前的不定冠词省略;wheat和rice都是物质名词,不用冠词。故选 D。
48.D。the Baker’s 表示“某人家”,“店铺”的名词前加定冠词;the Green’s表示格林一家人或格林夫妇;an old friend of theirs名词的双重所有格。故选 D。
49.A。a certain honesty 指某种诚实的品质;an interest in computer对电脑的爱好,interest抽象名词具体化。故选 A。
(
歌诀一
定冠词
用法口诀
序数方位最高级,乐器、党派和阶级
;
地理名词去湖泊,独一无二Space
;
普通名词专有化,一类人、物看回指。
歌诀二 使用零冠词
一日三餐有职位,物主、指代、every
;
季节月份与星期,棋类球类节假日。
)50.D。weather是不可数名词,前面不用冠词。故选 D。
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